CN115266076A - Plate type support based on optical fiber sensing, monitoring system and mounting and monitoring method - Google Patents
Plate type support based on optical fiber sensing, monitoring system and mounting and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
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- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/04—Bearings; Hinges
- E01D19/042—Mechanical bearings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/241—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet by photoelastic stress analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plate type support based on optical fiber sensing, a monitoring system and an installation and monitoring method, which are applied to the technical field of bridge support mechanical response monitoring, wherein the plate type support based on optical fiber sensing comprises a plate type support and distributed strain sensing optical fibers, and the distributed strain sensing optical fibers are distributed around the side surface of the plate type support; the monitoring system comprises plate type supports, signal transmission optical fibers and an optical fiber signal analysis device, wherein the distributed strain sensing optical fibers of the plate type supports are connected in series through the signal transmission optical fibers to form a networking system; the installation method can combine the monitoring system with the bridge construction, and connect the multiple plate type supports in series to form a network; the monitoring method can extract strain data of supports at different positions, can monitor and analyze complex stress states, is beneficial to knowing the health condition of the bridge support and is convenient for evaluating the abnormal condition of the support; the scheme is convenient for monitoring the plate type support on line in real time, finds the abnormity of the support in time and knows the health condition of the support in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge support mechanical response monitoring, in particular to a plate support based on optical fiber sensing, a monitoring system and an installation and monitoring method.
Background
The support is an important part which is positioned between an upper structure and a lower structure in the bridge and has the functions of transferring load, adapting to deformation and the like. It is to carry and transfer the static and live loads from the superstructure and therefore must have sufficient strength and stiffness in the vertical direction; for the movable support, the relative horizontal displacement and rotation of the upper structure under the action of temperature, traffic load and wind load are required to be adapted, so that the generated additional force of the structure is reduced as much as possible, and the stress of the structure is consistent with a theoretical calculation diagram. Therefore, the working performance and the stress condition of the support have an especially important influence on the good operation and maintenance of the whole bridge.
The plate type rubber bearing is one of the most widely used bearing types of small and medium-sized bridges in China. The main disease forms of the bridge comprise support seat void, support seat deviation, rubber cracking, uneven bulging of rubber, shear cracking deformation, corrosion of a steel base plate and the like, the plate type rubber support seat caused by the defects is degraded in working performance and abnormal in stress condition, the safe use of the bridge is seriously damaged, so the support seat is required to be checked in time, the support seat with degraded performance needs to be replaced in time, and the main beam and other related components are required to be reinforced and maintained in time for the abnormal stress condition of the support seat caused by the upper structure disease, so that the bridge is always in a safe and healthy working state.
At present, the inspection of the plate-type rubber support is mainly field regular inspection such as visual inspection, telescope observation, photographic observation, instrument measurement and the like. However, the position of the support arranged between the main beam and the pier is narrow, and the methods or the operation are difficult or the inspection precision is insufficient; in addition, the number of small and medium span bridges using plate-type rubber supports built in China is huge, and depending on the manual regular inspection, a large amount of manpower and material resources are obviously required to be invested, the cost is very high, the inspection frequency is limited, and the diseases of bridge members such as the supports cannot be completely found in time.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a real-time online mechanical response monitoring system and method for multiple support networking, which is used for assessment and early warning of support health condition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of manual inspection in the prior art, provides the plate type support based on optical fiber sensing, the monitoring system and the mounting and monitoring method, changes the conventional method for regularly and generally inspecting the working condition of the support on a manual site, solves the problems that the plate type support depends on manual regular inspection, has high manpower and material cost and limited inspection frequency, cannot completely and timely find the diseases of bridge components such as the support and the like, and has better engineering application value.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the plate type support based on optical fiber sensing is characterized by comprising a plate type support and distributed strain sensing optical fibers, wherein one distributed strain sensing optical fiber is arranged around the periphery of the side face of the plate type support, the head end and the tail end of each distributed strain sensing optical fiber are used for being connected with the outside, each distributed strain sensing optical fiber comprises a unit section, and a plurality of unit sections are periodically and continuously arranged on each side face of the plate type support; the unit sections comprise vertical sections and oblique sections, the included angle between the vertical sections and the oblique sections is an acute angle on the side face of the plate type support, and two ends of each oblique section are respectively connected with the vertical sections of the adjacent unit sections to form an N shape.
The conventional bridge support inspection is carried out in a mode of manual on-site regular general inspection, the inspection frequency is limited, the cost of manpower and material resources is high, the efficiency is low, and the abnormity of the bridge support cannot be found in time; the scheme is based on right-angle strain of a plane stress-strain state, because the normal stress in the horizontal direction is zero, the side face of the plate type support is set to be a structure which is periodically arranged in multiple sections, all positions around the plate type support can be distributed, the plate type support is convenient to monitor on line in real time through the distributed strain sensing optical fibers, so that the stress-strain distribution, the shearing deformation and the external load action condition of the plate type support are analyzed, diseases generated by the support are found in time, the health condition of the support is conveniently evaluated and early warned in a targeted manner, and therefore field inspection and maintenance are carried out.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the included angle between the vertical section and the oblique section is 45 °; through the setting of contained angle, conveniently measure and the analysis shear strain, directly obtain the strain data under 45 and 90 two kinds of angles when measuring, conveniently calculate, simplified the computational process, reduced monitoring analysis's the degree of difficulty.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each bend formed by the distributed strain sensing fiber is gently transited by using an arc chamfer; through the arrangement of the chamfer angle, the distributed strain sensing optical fiber can be gently and excessively arranged at each bending part, and the distributed strain sensing optical fiber is prevented from being broken.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, on the side face of the plate-type support, there is a space between the unit section and each edge of the side face of the plate-type support; through the interval setting, avoid the influence that plate support local deformation produced, according to the saint winan principle, after a section distance of transition, the influence of local atress can be neglected.
The monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing adopts the plate-type support, the monitoring system comprises a plurality of plate-type supports, signal transmission optical fibers and an optical fiber signal analysis device, the plate-type supports are connected in series through the signal transmission optical fibers, and the optical fiber signal analysis device is connected with the signal transmission optical fibers.
Through signal transmission optical fiber, can link together a plurality of plate support of difference, adopt a signal transmission optical fiber to concatenate the distributed strain sensing optical fiber of each plate support, form the monitoring system of network deployment, can online real-time supervision a plurality of plate support strain response, monitoring efficiency is high, can the simultaneous measurement, single plate support monitoring is with low costs, can spread all supports of bridge, and strain data is complete.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring system further comprises strain monitoring points, wherein the strain monitoring points are located in the middle of the vertical section and at the end of the oblique section; the strain monitoring points at the end parts of the oblique sections can be used for simultaneously measuring the strain in the vertical direction and the strain in the oblique direction, so that a plurality of strain monitoring points are arranged on each side surface of the plate type support, the number of measuring points is large, the monitoring data is increased, the average value is calculated, unreasonable numerical values are omitted, the measuring error is reduced, and the strain data of different positions can be extracted according to different research problems; the strain monitoring points in the middle of the vertical section are adopted and are also far away from the boundary of the plate type support, so that the influence of local stress is small, and the data is more reasonable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the strain monitoring points located at the end of the inclined section are used for measuring the strain in both the vertical direction and the inclined direction; the strain monitoring point is positioned in the middle of the vertical section and is used for measuring the strain in the vertical direction; by acquiring the data of each strain monitoring point, the stress state of the strain monitoring point can be calculated, and then analysis and calculation are facilitated.
The installation method of the monitoring system based on the optical fiber sensing adopts the plate type support based on the optical fiber sensing, the plate type support is used for bridge construction, the monitoring system is installed after a bridge is formed, and the installation method comprises the following steps:
a1, connecting distributed strain sensing optical fibers of all plate type supports in series by adopting signal transmission optical fibers;
and A2, connecting the optical fiber signal analysis device to a signal transmission optical fiber, wherein the distributed strain sensing optical fiber, the signal transmission optical fiber and the optical fiber signal analysis device of each plate-type support form a loop.
The optical fiber signal analysis device is connected with the signal transmission optical fiber, and then the signal transmission optical fiber is connected to the distributed strain sensing optical fiber of the plate-type support, so that a series circuit is formed; after the installation and construction are completed, the support of the bridge can be monitored, the health condition of the bridge can be monitored in real time, and networking monitoring is facilitated.
The monitoring method of the monitoring system based on the optical fiber sensing adopts the monitoring system based on the optical fiber sensing, and comprises the following steps:
b1, measuring the strain monitoring points through an optical fiber signal analysis device to obtain stress strain values of the strain monitoring points;
b2, establishing a formula according to a basic theory of material mechanics, and calculating the normal stressσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy The established formula is as follows:
σ y =E ε 90°
γ xy =ε 0° +ε 90° -2ε 45°
τ xy =Gγ xy
wherein,ε 0° the strain value in the direction of the positive x half axis at the monitoring point is 0,ε 45° in order to monitor the strain value inclined by 45 degrees at the point,ε 90° strain values in the vertical direction at the monitoring points are obtained;
b3, counting the normal stress at all monitoring pointsσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy Fitting to obtain the normal stress according to the assumption of a flat sectionσ y And shear strainγ xy Distribution function in horizontal section x-zσ y （x,z）、γ xy （x,z) Andτ xy （x,z）。
the stress-strain numerical value of each strain monitoring point is obtained through the optical fiber signal analysis device, the strain response of each support can be monitored on line in real time, the monitoring efficiency is high, the strain data of the supports at different positions can be extracted according to different research problems, the analysis is carried out, the basic assumption based on material mechanics is carried out, the normal stress in the horizontal section of the support is calculated through the strain stress state, the shear stress and the distribution of the shear strain are calculated, the vertical load can be further calculated through the numerical value, the eccentric distance, the shear force, the shear deformation angle and the like, the complex stress state can be monitored and analyzed, the health condition of the bridge support can be favorably known, and the abnormal condition of the support can be conveniently evaluated.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring method further comprises the steps of:
b4, drawing the normal stress according to the distribution functionσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy A profile on the plate mount;
and B5, evaluating whether the plate type support has an abnormal condition or not according to the distribution map.
By drawing the distribution map and evaluating the abnormal conditions by using the distribution map, the stress and strain conditions of the support can be visually analyzed, the conditions such as void, bias voltage and excessive shearing deformation can be conveniently judged, the health condition of the bridge support can be known in real time, and the judgment can be quickly made.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through the plate type support, the plate type support can be distributed all around, the plate type support can be conveniently monitored on line in real time, so that the stress-strain distribution, the shear deformation and the external load action condition of the plate type support are analyzed, the diseases generated by the support are timely found, the health condition of the support can be conveniently evaluated and early warned in a targeted manner, and the field inspection and maintenance are carried out.
2. Through monitoring system, can link together a plurality of different plate support, form the monitoring of network deployment, the response of meeting an emergency of a plurality of plate support of real-time supervision on line can, monitoring efficiency is high, can simultaneous measurement, single plate support monitoring is with low costs, can distribute all supports of bridge all over, the data of meeting an emergency is complete, and simultaneously, utilize optic fibre, material based on optic fibre itself, make its durability better, remain stable for a long time, its inside signal transmission precision is high, can provide high accuracy, high durability, long distance, long-time continuous monitoring.
3. By the aid of the installation method, the optical fiber signal analysis device, the signal transmission optical fiber plate type support, the support and the distributed strain sensing optical fibers thereof can be connected in series, the installation process is convenient and rapid, the support of the bridge can be monitored after installation and construction are completed, the health condition of the bridge can be monitored in real time, and networking monitoring is facilitated.
4. By the monitoring method, the strain response of each support can be monitored on line in real time, the monitoring efficiency is high, strain data of the supports at different positions can be extracted according to different research problems, and during analysis, vertical load, eccentric distance, shearing force, shearing deformation angle and the like can be calculated and obtained, so that the complex stress state can be monitored and analyzed, the health condition of the bridge support can be known, and the abnormal condition of the support can be evaluated conveniently; through the distribution map, whether the conditions such as the void, the bias voltage, the excessive shearing deformation and the like exist can be judged intuitively and quickly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plate mount based on optical fiber sensing according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of distributed strain sensing fibers on the side of a plate mount according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of arrangement positions of distributed strain sensing optical fibers in a vertical section of a plate type support according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a step diagram of an installation method of a monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a step diagram of a monitoring method of a monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a load analysis chart of the plate carrier of the present invention along the bridge direction;
FIG. 8 is a cross-bridge load analysis diagram of the plate carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the stress state in a horizontal cross-section along the bridge at a point in the plate carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the stress state in a horizontal cross-section across a bridge at a point in a panel mount of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1-a plate type support; 2-distributed strain sensing optical fiber; 21-a vertical section; 22-an oblique section; 23-a connecting segment; 3-a signal transmission fiber; 4-fiber signal analysis device; 5-strain monitoring points.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to test examples and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a plate type support based on optical fiber sensing, where the plate type support 1 is an improvement on the basis of an existing bridge support, the plate type support 1 is made of rubber, and includes a plate type support 1 and distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2, where the distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2 are arranged on the plate type support 1, one distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 is arranged around a periphery of a side surface of the plate type support 1, one distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 corresponds to one plate type support 1, and after the above setting, a head end and a tail end of the distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 are reserved in the plate type support 1, the head end and the tail end of the distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 are respectively used for external connection, and the distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2 are periodically and continuously arranged on each side surface of the plate type support 1 with unit sections as repeated units; based on the right angle of measuring plane stress-strain state is met an emergency, because the normal stress of horizontal direction is zero, establish the structure that the multistage cycle was laid with 1 side of plate support, can distribute all over all around of plate support 1 and put, through distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2, convenient real-time online is monitored plate support 1, so that the stress-strain distribution to plate support 1, shear deformation and outer load effect condition carry out the analysis, in time discover the disease that the support produced, be convenient for assess and the early warning to support health status.
In this embodiment, plate support 1 adopts the board-like support of rectangle, because the bridge beam supports generally provides two kinds of board-like support of circular board-like support and rectangle, also can adopt circular board-like support, when adopting circular board-like support, it is the same with board-like support 1 of rectangle to measure vertical strain, and when indirect measurement shear strain, circular board-like support can produce certain error, compares in circular board-like support, and the effect that adopts the board-like support of rectangle is better, will explain below with the board-like support 1 of rectangle as an example.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 is disposed on four sides of the rectangular plate-type holder 1, and one side is described below. The distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 is arranged on the side face of the rectangular plate type support 1 to form a unit section, in the embodiment, each side face of the rectangular plate type support 1 is provided with 5 unit sections, each unit section comprises a vertical section 21 and an oblique section 22, two ends of each 5 unit sections are connected with the unit sections of the adjacent side faces conveniently, one vertical section 21 can be connected, as shown in fig. 1, the two adjacent vertical sections 21 are connected through the oblique section 22, one end of the oblique section 22 is connected to the top end of one vertical section 21, the other end of the oblique section 22 is connected to the bottom end of the other vertical section 21, so that the oblique section 22 is obliquely arranged between the two adjacent vertical sections 21, on the side face of the rectangular plate type support 1, the included angle between the vertical section 21 and the oblique section 22 is an acute angle, the two ends of the oblique section 22 are respectively connected with the vertical sections 21 of the adjacent unit sections to form an 'N' shape, so that in the structure formed by periodically arranging the unit sections, a plurality of 'N' shaped structures are arranged, in the embodiment, the structure, the included angle between the vertical section 21 and the oblique section 22 is 45 degrees, so that two vertical sections 21 and the oblique section 22 are set as to be 45 degrees, so that two types of the vertical section 21 and the oblique section are convenient for performing direct calculation of strain analysis and strain calculation, and strain calculation are convenient, and 90 degrees of strain calculation are simplified, and the measurement process, and the measurement are convenient for performing two types of strain calculation, and the strain calculation are simplified, and the measurement process are simplified, and the measurement process is convenient; the connecting part between the vertical section 21 and the oblique section 22 which are connected with each other forms a bend, and the bend adopts an arc chamfer for gentle transition; the distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 is arranged to bend at the intersection of two adjacent side surfaces of the plate type support 1, namely, the bending part is formed when the vertical section 21 or the oblique section 22 at two ends of the multi-section unit section extends to the edge of the side surface of the plate type support 1; through the arrangement of the chamfer, the distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 can be smoothly and excessively arranged at each bending part, and the distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2 is prevented from being broken.
In this embodiment, on the side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1, there are spaces between the unit section and each edge of the side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1, that is, when the unit sections are laid, the top ends or the bottom ends of the vertical section 21 and the oblique section 22 are both spaced from the upper and lower edges of the rectangular plate type support 1, and at the end portions of the multiple sections of unit sections on the same side surface, the vertical section 21 or the oblique section 22 are both spaced from the edge of the side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1; through the interval setting, avoid the influence that plate support 1 local deformation produced, according to the saint wien principle, after a section distance of transition, the influence of local atress can be neglected. A plurality of unit sections are periodically and continuously arranged on each side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1 and extend from one end of the side surface to the other end of the side surface, so that on the side surface of each rectangular plate type support 1, the plurality of unit sections are periodically and continuously arranged to form a row, the intersection of the side surfaces of the adjacent rectangular plate type support 1 is connected with the adjacent end parts of the row of distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2 on the adjacent side surfaces through one section of the distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2, the section of the distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2 is called a connecting section 23, one end of one side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1 is a vertical section 21 or an oblique section 22 in the periodically arranged unit sections, the corresponding adjacent end of the other side surface of the adjacent rectangular plate type support 1 is a vertical section 21 or an oblique section 22 of the periodically arranged unit sections, the vertical section 21 or the tail end of the end part is connected through the connecting section 23, on the side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1, the end part of the periodically arranged unit sections can also be an oblique section 22, when the oblique section 22 is connected through the connecting section 23, and the connecting section 23 is bent from the side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1 to the other side surface, and the other side surface is formed by a gentle arc transition chamfer.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 4, the present embodiment provides a monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing, the monitoring system is based on the plate type support 1 in embodiment 1, the monitoring system includes a plate type support 1, signal transmission optical fibers 3 and an optical fiber signal analyzing device 4, the plate type support 1 is provided with a plurality of plate type supports 1, the number of the plate type supports 1 is determined according to the requirement of bridge construction, the plate type support 1 is the rectangular plate type support 1 in embodiment 1, the plate type supports 1 are connected in series through the signal transmission optical fibers 3, and the optical fiber signal analyzing device 4 is connected with the signal transmission optical fibers 3; through signal transmission optical fiber 3, can be in the same place plate support 1 of a plurality of differences, adopt a signal transmission optical fiber 3 to concatenate each plate support 1's distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2, form the monitoring system of network deployment, can online real-time supervision a plurality of plate support 1 strain response, monitoring efficiency is high, can the simultaneous measurement, single plate support 1 monitoring is with low costs, can spread all supports of bridge all over, strain data is complete.
In this embodiment, the number of the rectangular plate-type supports 1 is 2, the signal transmission fiber 3 is the middle part connecting each distributed strain sensing fiber 2, the signal transmission fiber 3 adopts a single-mode fiber of 0.9mm, the test accuracy can be improved, the head end or the tail end of the distributed strain sensing fiber 2 of each rectangular plate-type support 1 is connected through the signal transmission fiber 3, the other two ends of the distributed strain sensing fiber 2 of each rectangular plate-type support 1 are connected into the optical fiber signal analysis device 4 through the signal transmission fiber 3, in this way, the 2 rectangular plate-type supports 1 and the optical fiber signal analysis device 4 are connected in series through the signal transmission fiber 3 to form a loop, the data of the distributed strain sensing fiber 2 can be monitored in real time through the optical fiber signal analysis device 4, the optical fiber signal analysis device 4 of this embodiment adopts an RP 1002 high spatial resolution distributed brillouin fiber temperature and strain analyzer, and accurate stress strain data can be obtained. The distributed Brillouin optical fiber temperature and strain analyzer adopts a differential pulse pair Brillouin optical time domain analysis technology, the measurement spatial resolution is 2cm, the sampling resolution is 1cm, the strain measurement range is-1.5%, and the strain measurement precision is 4με. The distributed Brillouin optical fiber strain analyzer is connected with the signal transmission optical fiber 3 of the plate-type support 1 through an FC/APC interface.
The monitoring system further comprises strain monitoring points 5, wherein the strain monitoring points 5 are located in the middle of the vertical section 21 and at the end parts of the inclined sections 22, the strain monitoring points 5 are arranged on the side surfaces of the rectangular plate type support 1 and are the same, for example, one side surface is taken as an example, the end part of each inclined section 22 of each unit section on the side surface is taken as the strain monitoring point 5, namely, the strain monitoring points 5 are located at the top end and the bottom end of the inclined section 22, the strain monitoring points 5 are used for measuring the strains in the vertical direction and the inclined direction, the middle point position of each vertical section 21 of each unit section is also taken as the strain monitoring point 5, namely, the strain monitoring point 5 is located in the middle of the vertical section 21, and the strain monitoring point 5 is used for measuring the strain in the vertical direction; the strain monitoring points 5 at the end parts of the oblique sections 22 can be used for simultaneously measuring the strain in the vertical direction and the strain in the oblique direction, so that a plurality of strain monitoring points 5 are arranged on each side surface of the rectangular plate type support 1, the number of measuring points is large, the monitoring data is increased, the average value is calculated, unreasonable numerical values are omitted, the measuring error is reduced, and the strain data of different positions can be extracted according to different research problems; the strain monitoring point 5 in the middle of the vertical section 21 is far away from the boundary of the plate type support 1, so that the influence of local stress is small, and the data is more reasonable; by acquiring the data of each strain monitoring point 5, the stress state of the strain monitoring point 5 can be calculated, and then analysis and calculation are facilitated.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides an installation method of a monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing, where the present embodiment is based on embodiment 2, and is the installation method of the monitoring system of embodiment 2, where the plate type support 1 of embodiment 1 is used in bridge construction, each plate type support 1 is preset in bridge construction, and the monitoring system of embodiment 2 is installed after forming a bridge, and the installation method includes the following steps:
a1, connecting distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2 of all plate type supports 1 in series by adopting signal transmission optical fibers 3; the concatenation process the distributed strain sensing fibers 2 of 2 rectangular supports were connected by signal transmission fibers 3 according to the connection relationship in example 2.
A2, connecting an optical fiber signal analysis device 4 into a signal transmission optical fiber 3, wherein the distributed strain sensing optical fiber 2, the signal transmission optical fiber 3 and the optical fiber signal analysis device 4 of each plate-type support 1 form a loop; the signal port of the optical fiber signal analysis device 4 is connected with the signal transmission optical fiber 3, and then the signal transmission optical fiber 3 is connected to the distributed strain sensing optical fibers 2 of the 2 rectangular supports to form a loop. After the installation and construction are completed, the support of the bridge can be monitored, the health condition of the bridge can be monitored in real time, and networking monitoring is facilitated.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment provides a monitoring method for a monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing, and based on embodiments 2 and 3, after the monitoring system of embodiment 2 is installed, the following steps are performed:
and B1, measuring the strain monitoring points 5 through an optical fiber signal analysis device 4 (4) based on the built monitoring system to obtain real-time stress strain values of the strain monitoring points 5.
And B2, obtaining stress-strain distribution, shear deformation, external load action condition and the like of the plate type support 1 by a mechanical analysis method according to the stress-strain numerical value in the step, and obtaining the strain state, the stress state and the stress distribution condition of different sections of the strain monitoring measuring point under the assumption of linear elasticity, small deformation, uniform material characteristics, isotropy and flat section deformation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, the strain monitoring points 5 on the vertical section 21 and the oblique section 22 of the unit section are taken as points on the same measuring line, specifically, the strain data of three measuring points a, b and c are taken as the strain data on the vertical section 21, in this embodiment, the measuring line is divided into 6 measuring lines, and each measuring line respectively comprises a 1 、b 1 And c 1 、a 2 、b 2 And c 2 、…、a 6 、b 6 And c 6 Three points on each measuring line are used for measuring vertical strainε 90° (ii) a A is to be 1 And b 2 The strain data of the two measuring points are taken as the strain data on the oblique section 22, and the present embodiment further includes 4 measuring lines, each of which includes: a is a 2 And b 3 、a 3 And b 4 、a 4 And b 5 、a 5 And b 6 Two points on each measuring line are used for measuring the oblique strain asε 45° At the selection of eachAnd when the data of the strain monitoring point 5 is eliminated, after unreasonable numerical values are removed, taking the average value as the vertical strain or the oblique strain of the measuring line, wherein an x positive half shaft is defined as an angle starting point of 0 degree, and the clockwise rotation direction of the x positive half shaft is defined as an angle positive direction.
Referring to fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10, formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3 are established according to the basic theory of material mechanics, and the normal stress is calculatedσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy Equation 1, equation 2, and equation 3 are:
σ y =E ε 90° （1）
γ xy =ε 0° +ε 90° -2ε 45° （2）
τ xy =Gγ xy （3）
wherein,ε 0° the strain value in the direction of the positive x half axis at the monitoring point is 0,ε 45° in order to monitor the strain value inclined by 45 degrees at the point,ε 90° in order to monitor the strain value in the vertical direction at the point,Gis the equivalent shear modulus of the plate bearing 1.
According to the basic theory of material mechanics, the following formula is established:
ε y =ε 90° （4）
ε x =-μσ y / E=ε 0° （5）
wherein,Ebeing the equivalent young's modulus of the plate-like abutment 1,μis the equivalent poisson's ratio of the plate mount 1.
B3, calculating and counting all monitors according to the formulaNormal stress at the point of measurementσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy The positions of the monitoring points are shown in FIG. 3 according to the assumption of a flat section, and the positive stress is obtained by fittingσ y And shear strainγ xy Distribution function in horizontal section x-zσ y （x,z）、γ xy （x,z) Andτ xy （x,z) Specifically, the method comprises the following steps.
The stress in the horizontal section is integrated to obtain:
F y =ʃσ y dxdz （6）
F x =ʃτ xy dxdz （7）
in the formula,F y in order to carry out vertical loading,F x is a shear load along the bridge direction.
Solving the bending moment generated by the plate type support 1:
M z =ʃσ y xdxdz （8）
M x =ʃσ y zdxdz （9）
in the formula,M z for the additional bending moment in the z-axis direction caused by the eccentricity of the vertical load,M x an additional bending moment in the x-axis direction caused by vertical load eccentricity.
And solving the corresponding vertical load eccentricity according to an integral result:
e x = M z /F y （10）
e z = M x /F y （11）
in the formula,e x the eccentricity of the vertical load in the x-axis direction,e z the eccentricity of the vertical load in the x-axis direction.
From the above analysis, it is possible to obtain: normal stress in horizontal section of plate-type support 1σ y Shear stressτ xy And vertical load acting on the platform bearing 1F y Eccentricity of the eccentrice x Shearing forceF x And shear deformation angleγ xy 。
Stress-strain numerical values of each strain monitoring point 5 are obtained through the optical fiber signal analysis device 4, strain response of each support can be monitored in real time on line, the monitoring efficiency is high, the strain data of the supports at different positions can be extracted according to different research problems, when analysis is carried out, the stress-strain state is basically assumed based on material mechanics, the normal stress in the horizontal section of the support is calculated through the strain stress state, the shear stress and the distribution of the shear strain are calculated, vertical loads can be further calculated through numerical values, the eccentric distance, the shear force, the shear deformation angle and the like, the complex stress state can be monitored and analyzed, the health condition of the bridge support can be helped to be known, and the abnormal condition of the support can be conveniently evaluated.
B4, drawing the normal stress according to the distribution functionσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy A profile on the plate carrier 1;
and B5, evaluating whether the plate type support 1 has an abnormal condition or not according to the distribution diagram.
According to the vertical normal stress distribution diagram in the horizontal section of the support obtained by calculation, whether the support has the conditions of void and bias voltage can be evaluated, and according to the shearing force and the shearing deformation angle in the horizontal section of the support obtained by calculation, whether the support has the conditions of overlarge shearing deformation or insufficient deformation capacity and the like can be evaluated.
The monitoring system comprises a hardware part, a software part and a drawing module, wherein the software part comprises a stress-strain state based on basic assumption of material mechanics and an external load analysis program, the program comprises calculation processes from a formula (1) to a formula (11), a load combination mode is considered, the drawing module is used for drawing a distribution diagram, the program is a common programming program, the normal stress and shear stress diagrams can be drawn on a horizontal section, the eccentric positions of the external load and the vertical load can be calculated, and finally, the abnormal conditions are evaluated by drawing the distribution diagram and utilizing the distribution diagram, the stress and strain conditions of the support can be visually analyzed, the conditions such as void, bias voltage and excessive shear deformation can be conveniently judged, the real-time understanding of the health conditions of the bridge support is facilitated, and the judgment can be quickly made.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The plate type support based on optical fiber sensing is characterized by comprising a plate type support (1) and distributed strain sensing optical fibers (2), wherein one distributed strain sensing optical fiber (2) is arranged around the side surface of the plate type support (1) in a circle, the head end and the tail end of each distributed strain sensing optical fiber (2) are used for being connected with the outside, each distributed strain sensing optical fiber (2) comprises a unit section, and multiple unit sections are periodically and continuously arranged on each side surface of the plate type support (1); the unit sections comprise vertical sections and oblique sections, the included angles between the vertical sections and the oblique sections are acute angles on the side faces of the plate type support (1), and the two ends of the oblique sections are connected with the vertical sections of the adjacent unit sections respectively to form an 'N' -shaped structure.
2. The plate holder based on optical fiber sensing of claim 1, wherein an included angle between the vertical section and the inclined section is 45 °.
3. The plate holder based on optical fiber sensing of claim 1, wherein each bend formed by the distributed strain sensing optical fiber (2) is gradually transited by adopting a circular arc chamfer.
4. The fiber optic sensing-based plate mount according to claim 1, wherein there is a space between the unit segments and the side edges of the plate mount (1) on the side of the plate mount (1).
5. The monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing is characterized in that the plate-type support seat of any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted, the monitoring system comprises a plurality of plate-type support seats, signal transmission optical fibers (3) and optical fiber signal analysis devices (4), the plate-type support seats are connected in series through the signal transmission optical fibers (3), and the optical fiber signal analysis devices (4) are connected with the signal transmission optical fibers (3).
6. The optical fiber sensing-based monitoring system of claim 5, further comprising strain monitoring points located at a middle portion of the vertical section and at an end portion of the diagonal section.
7. The optical fiber sensing-based monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein strain monitoring points located at the ends of the oblique section are used for measuring strain in both vertical and oblique directions; and the strain monitoring point is positioned in the middle of the vertical section and is used for measuring the strain in the vertical direction.
8. The installation method of the monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing is characterized in that the plate type support based on optical fiber sensing is adopted, the plate type support is used for bridge construction, the monitoring system is installed after a bridge is formed, and the installation method comprises the following steps:
a1, connecting distributed strain sensing optical fibers (2) of each plate type support in series by adopting a signal transmission optical fiber (3);
a2, the optical fiber signal analysis device (4) is connected into the signal transmission optical fiber (3), and the distributed strain sensing optical fiber (2), the signal transmission optical fiber (3) and the optical fiber signal analysis device (4) of each plate-type support form a loop.
9. The monitoring method of the monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing is characterized in that the monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing of claim 6 is adopted, and the monitoring method comprises the following steps:
b1, measuring the strain monitoring points through an optical fiber signal analysis device (4) to obtain stress strain values of the strain monitoring points;
b2, establishing a formula according to a basic theory of material mechanics, and calculating the normal stressσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy The established formula is as follows:
σ y =E ε 90°
γ xy =ε 0° +ε 90° -2ε 45°
τ xy =Gγ xy
wherein,ε 0° the strain value in the direction of the positive x-axis at the monitoring point is 0,ε 45° in order to monitor the strain value inclined by 45 degrees at the point,ε 90° strain values in the vertical direction at the monitoring points are obtained;
b3, counting the normal stress at all monitoring pointsσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy Fitting to obtain the normal stress according to the assumption of a flat sectionσ y And shear strainγ xy Distribution function in horizontal section x-zσ y （x,z）、γ xy （x,z) Andτ xy （x,z）。
10. the monitoring method of the monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
b4, drawing the normal stress according to the distribution functionσ y Shear strainγ xy And shear stressτ xy A profile on the plate mount;
and B5, evaluating whether the plate type support has an abnormal condition or not according to the distribution diagram.
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| CN202211170374.9A CN115266076B (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2022-09-26 | Plate type support based on optical fiber sensing, monitoring system and mounting and monitoring method |
| PCT/CN2023/119603 WO2024067232A1 (en) | 2022-09-26 | 2023-09-19 | Optical fiber sensing-based laminated bearing and monitoring system, mounting method, and monitoring method |
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| WO2024067232A1 (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2024-04-04 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Optical fiber sensing-based laminated bearing and monitoring system, mounting method, and monitoring method |
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