CN115265781B - System and method for rapidly acquiring plane array polarized spectrum image - Google Patents
System and method for rapidly acquiring plane array polarized spectrum image Download PDFInfo
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
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- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/447—Polarisation spectrometry
Abstract
A fast area array polarized spectrum image acquisition system and method belong to the technical field of photoelectric imaging, and in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the system consists of a beam shrinking unit, a collimation compensation mirror, a micro lens array, a correction mirror group, an optical filter, a separation plate, a focal plane polarization detector and an image processing module; the beam shrinking unit, the collimation compensation mirror, the micro lens array, the correction mirror group, the optical filter, the isolation plate and the focal plane polarization splitting detector are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the focal plane polarization splitting detector is electrically connected with the image processing module; according to the invention, the light field is divided into 16 parts by the micro lens array, each part corresponds to one spectrum section, and then the target image is rapidly acquired by the focal plane polarization splitting detector, so that polarized images under 16 spectrum sections are acquired at the same time by one photographing, and the two-dimensional image information of the detection target can be directly and rapidly acquired by using an area array imaging mode. The device is more suitable for high-speed movement missile-borne platforms with harsh requirements on volume, weight and power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric imaging, and particularly relates to a rapid planar array polarization spectrum image acquisition system and method.
Background
The seeker is a core component on the precise guided weapon, the precise guided weapon measures the offset parameter of the weapon deviating from the ideal movement track through a distance measuring device, a gyroscope or an electronic stabilizing device arranged on the seeker, a control instruction is formed by utilizing the offset parameter, and the instruction is transmitted to an on-bullet executing mechanism to control and stabilize the missile body to fly, so that the precise striking is finally realized.
The seeker has high movement speed following the missile, limited space and high time resolution requirement, and a rapid area array polarization spectrum image acquisition method is needed to acquire target position information. Existing spectral polarization imaging mechanisms mainly comprise time division and simultaneous two major categories in time resolution. The time-sharing system mainly adopts mechanisms such as a rotating polarizing element, an acousto-optic adjustable filter, liquid crystal and the like, and has poor target observation effect on a moving platform. In the traditional simultaneous acquisition method, although the time resolution is met, the system is large in size and high in power consumption, and is not suitable for a guiding device. At home and abroad, a rapid area array polarization spectrum image acquisition method suitable for a seeker is not proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a rapid area array polarization spectrum image acquisition system and a rapid area array polarization spectrum image acquisition method. The invention uses the rapid area array polarized spectrum image acquisition method based on the light field segmentation coding to rapidly acquire the target position information by the optical seeker to realize positioning tracking.
The fast planar array polarized spectrum image acquiring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: the system is built, the beam shrinking unit, the collimation compensation mirror, the micro lens array, the correction mirror group, the optical filter, the isolation plate and the focal plane polarization splitting detector are coaxially arranged, and the focal plane polarization splitting detector is electrically connected with the image processing module.
Step two: the beam shrinking unit formed by the Cassegrain system compresses light, the Cassegrain Lin Zhujing compresses large-caliber incident light with a certain multiplying power, and the Cassegrain secondary mirror collimates the compressed small-caliber light to obtain small-caliber parallel light.
Step three: the 4 multiplied by 4 micro lens array receives the small-caliber parallel light beams, performs light field segmentation on the small-caliber parallel light beams, and forms 16 light beams with consistent caliber after segmentation and converges.
Step four: the center of the 4 multiplied by 4 spectrum array coincides with the optical axis of the 4 multiplied by 4 micro lens array, each beam of light after light splitting passes through the corresponding optical filters, and the filtering ranges of the 16 optical filters are different from each other, so that 16 spectrum channels are obtained.
Step five: the light beams of each spectrum channel are focused on different areas of the focal plane splitting detector, and the detector is utilized to acquire corresponding linear polarization images and angular polarization images of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees under different spectrum channels.
Step six: and (3) calculating a polarized image by using an image processing module to obtain a polarization degree image and a polarization angle image of the detection target object.
A fast area array polarized spectrum image acquisition system consists of a beam shrinking unit, a collimation compensation mirror, a micro lens array, a correction mirror group, an optical filter, a separation plate, a focal plane polarization detector and an image processing module; the beam shrinking unit, the collimation compensation mirror, the micro lens array, the correction mirror group, the optical filter, the isolation plate and the focal plane polarization splitting detector are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the focal plane polarization splitting detector is electrically connected with the image processing module;
the target light beam is incident into the beam shrinking unit to compress the light beam and then the light beam passes through the collimation compensation mirror to emit a small-caliber parallel light beam, and the micro lens array receives the small-caliber parallel light beam and carries out light field light splitting on the small-caliber parallel light beam to divide the light field into 16 small-caliber light beams; and correcting the optical path through a correction lens group, reducing aberration, performing spectral filtering on 16 small-caliber light beams by using optical filters to generate 16 spectral channels, enabling the center of each optical filter to coincide with the optical axis of the micro lens array lens group, ensuring the coaxial structure, and finally focusing on the corresponding 16 areas on the focal plane polarization splitting detector, and simultaneously acquiring information in four polarization directions of 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree by using the focal plane polarization splitting detector, so that 16 polarized images in different spectral ranges are calculated in real time by using an image processing module.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the light field is divided into 16 parts by the micro lens array, each part corresponds to one spectrum section, and then the target image is rapidly acquired by the focal plane polarization splitting detector, so that polarized images under 16 spectrum sections are acquired at the same time by one photographing, and the two-dimensional image information of the detection target can be directly and rapidly acquired by using an area array imaging mode.
The invention does not need moving parts and complex resolving methods, and improves the reliability and stability of the system. The system has compact structure, uses a method of acquiring multiple dimensions by a single detector, improves the speed of data processing, and does not need multi-dimensional information aliasing compared with the traditional system.
The method has strong imaging instantaneity, can ensure that the tracking target is not lost, and has better tracking stability. And secondly, the resolution loss of the system rarely improves the recognition degree of target details. The system collects the light beams reflected by the target object and the light beams emitted by the target, acquires the polarized spectrum image in real time, and processes the finally acquired polarized spectrum image. Therefore, the fast plane array polarized spectrum image acquisition mechanism is more suitable for a high-speed movement missile-borne platform with harsh requirements on volume, weight and power consumption.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description which follow:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fast planar array polarized spectral image acquisition system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a microlens array according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a correction lens assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of spectral channel coding of the filter array according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the area of use of the actual detector pixel according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a fast planar array polarized spectral image acquisition method according to the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. the device comprises a beam shrinking unit 2, a collimation compensation mirror 3, a micro lens array 4, a correction mirror group 5, an optical filter 6, a separation plate 7, a focal plane polarization detector 8 and an image processing module.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a fast area array polarization spectrum image acquisition system is composed of a beam shrinking unit 1, a collimation compensation mirror 2, a micro lens array 3, a correction mirror group 4, an optical filter 5, a separation plate 6, a focal plane polarization detector 7 and an image processing module 8; the beam shrinking unit 1, the collimation compensation mirror 2, the micro lens array 3, the correction mirror group 4, the optical filter 5, the isolation plate 6 and the focal plane polarization detector 7 are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the focal plane polarization detector 7 is electrically connected with the image processing module 8;
the beam shrinking unit 1 is composed of a cassegrain Lin Jitong, and both the cassegrain Lin Zhujing and the secondary mirror are hyperboloid surfaces. The main mirror compresses the large-caliber light beam into a small-caliber light beam, the compression ratio is 6.8 times, and the secondary mirror collimates the small-caliber light beam to obtain a small-caliber parallel light beam.
The collimation compensating mirror 2 is a double-cemented lens, and all the surface types of the double-cemented lens are spherical surfaces. The collimation compensation mirror is used for compensating aberration of the small-caliber parallel light beam, and reducing influence of the fairing on imaging quality of a subsequent system.
As shown in fig. 2, the microlens array 3 is arranged 4×4, with every two adjacent microlenses being equally spaced. Each microlens has the same parameters as the surface shape and is a plano-convex lens. The micro lens array carries out light field splitting on the incident small-caliber parallel light beams to obtain 16 light beams with consistent caliber, the caliber of the light beams is 1.38mm, the light field splitting forms 16 light beams, and the 16 light beams are imaged respectively, so that simultaneous acquisition of a plurality of images is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the first correction lens 4-1 of the correction lens group is a convex-concave lens, and the surface is a spherical surface. The second correcting lens 4-2 is a convex-concave lens and the surface is a sphere. The correction lens III 4-3 is a biconvex lens, and the surface is a spherical surface. Action of correction mirror one 4-1, correction mirror two 4-2 and correction mirror three 4-3: firstly, correcting an optical path so that each microlens can image correspondingly; secondly, the aberration is corrected, and the aberration corresponding to each channel of the micro lens array is not consistent, so that a correction lens is required to be used for correcting the aberration, and the aberration of each channel is controlled within an acceptable range; the optical power of the first correcting lens 4-1, the second correcting lens 4-2 and the third correcting lens 4-3 are mutually compensated to ensure the total optical power of the whole system.
The filter 5 is a 4×4 filter array, corresponding to the front 4×4 microlens array. The filter array is coaxial with each channel of the microlens array. Each channel of the filter array is respectively plated with 16 films with different spectral ranges to generate 16 spectral channels, as shown in fig. 4.
The isolation plate 6 is used for physically isolating the split focal plane polarization detector 7, as shown in fig. 5, there is a space of 100 pixels between the detector areas corresponding to each channel, and in order to avoid imaging aliasing between channels, the isolation plate 6 needs to be designed to isolate each area of the split focal plane polarization detector 7, and the isolation plate is in a net shape, has a width of 100 pixels and a height of 5mm.
The focal plane polarization splitting detector 7 is designed to ensure that the space of 100 pixels is reserved between 16 areas on the focal plane polarization splitting detector 7 in order to ensure that 16 light beams are focused on the detector and no image aliasing is generated; the detector target surface is divided into 4 parts in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and each spectrum occupies 400×400 pixels. The actual detector pixel usage area is shown in fig. 5 below.
The target light beam is incident to the beam shrinking unit 1 to compress the light beam, then the light beam is emitted by the collimation compensation mirror 2 to form a small-caliber parallel light beam, and the micro lens array 3 receives the small-caliber parallel light beam and carries out light field light splitting on the small-caliber parallel light beam to divide the light field parallel light beam into 16 small-caliber light beams. And correcting the light path through a correcting lens group 4 and reducing aberration, performing spectral filtering on 16 small-caliber light beams by using an optical filter 5 to generate 16 spectral channels, enabling the center of each optical filter 5 to coincide with the optical axis of a micro lens array lens group 4, ensuring the coaxial structure, and finally focusing on the corresponding 16 areas on a focal plane polarization detector 7, and simultaneously acquiring information in four polarization directions of 0 degree, 45 degree, 90 degree and 135 degree by using the focal plane polarization detector 7, so that 16 polarized images in different spectral ranges are calculated in real time by using an image processing module 8.
Examples: the working wave band of the rapid area array polarized spectrum image acquisition system is 450-706nm, and the rapid area array polarized spectrum image acquisition system can be used for rapidly acquiring target position information by an optical seeker to realize positioning tracking. Since the system is used for an optical head, a fairing is added at the front end of the overall system. The rectification cover surface is a spherical surface, the curvature radius of the two surfaces of the rectification cover is consistent, and the caliber is 160mm. The pneumatic arrangement device is used for guaranteeing pneumatic arrangement of the warheads, greatly improving aerodynamic performance of the high-speed flying warheads on the premise of guaranteeing optical performance of the system, improving environmental adaptability of the optical system and meeting requirements of supersonic flight.
The focal length was normalized to 1 and the optical system configuration parameters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 optical structural parameters
The technical indexes are as follows:
the system entrance pupil diameter is 100mm, the light wavelength range of passing through the Cassegrain system is 450-706nm, the emergent light is required to be parallel light, the total focal length of the system is 175mm, the half field angle is 0.057 degrees, the microlens array is 4×4 units, 16 channels are total, the wave band range of the emergent light of the Cassegrain Lin Jitong is 16 equal parts and is incident to 16 channels, and each channel corresponds to 16nm wavelength width.
The microlens array 3 is used to achieve segmentation of the light field, placing the microlens array in parallel light paths. Therefore, to ensure that the beam passes through the microlens array to correspond to the imaging region of the polarized detector, the microlens array is required to be sized commensurate with the detector target surface size, and each microlens cell is required to be sized to correspond to each imaging region of the detector.
In addition, since the microlenses assume a focusing function, each microlens unit curvature is subjected to embossing processing according to the optical design result. Each microlens corresponds to 400×400 pixels, and each pixel is 3.45um, and the aperture of each microlens unit is about 2mm. According to the 4×4 layout, considering the intermediate structure gap of the microlens unit, the microlens array size is about 10mm×10mm, which is equivalent to the detector target surface size.
The optical filter array adopts 4×4 layout, and totally 16 channels are adopted, the spectrum covers the visible light wave band of 450-706nm, the width of each spectrum channel is 16nm, and each spectrum channel needs to be encoded, so that the spectrum images of 16 different spectrum segments are acquired simultaneously. The filter array size is comparable to the microlens array size, about 10mm by 10mm.
In fig. 4, the bottom surface is the panel of the detector, and the relation between the color spectrum of the filter code and the coordinates of the corresponding pixels is shown in the following table.
Table 2 spectral channel coding
| Sequence number | Spectrum segment | Corresponding to the coordinates of the detector pixels |
| 1 | 450nm～466nm | X(100～500)，Y(100～500) |
| 2 | 466nm～482nm | X(600～1000)，Y(100～500) |
| 3 | 482nm～498nm | X(1100～1500)，Y(100～500) |
| 4 | 498nm～514nm | X(1600～2000)，Y(100～500) |
| 5 | 514nm～530nm | X(100～500)，Y(600～1000) |
| 6 | 530nm～546nm | X(600～1000)，Y(600～1000) |
| 7 | 546nm～562nm | X(1100～1500)，Y(600～1000) |
| 8 | 562nm～578nm | X(1600～2000)，Y(600～1000) |
| 9 | 578nm～594nm | X(100～500)，Y(600～1000) |
| 10 | 594nm～610nm | X(600～1000)，Y(100～500) |
| 11 | 610nm～626nm | X(1100～1500)，Y(100～500) |
| 12 | 626nm～642nm | X(1600～2000)，Y(100～500) |
| 13 | 642nm～658nm | X(100～500)，Y(100～500) |
| 14 | 658nm～674nm | X(600～1000)，Y(100～500) |
| 15 | 674nm～690nm | X(1100～1500)，Y(100～500) |
| 16 | 690nm～706nm | X(1600～2000)，Y(100～500) |
As shown in fig. 6, a fast planar array polarization spectrum image acquisition method includes the following steps:
step one: the system is built, the beam shrinking unit, the collimation compensation mirror, the micro lens array, the correction mirror group, the optical filter, the isolation plate and the focal plane polarization splitting detector are coaxially arranged, and the focal plane polarization splitting detector is electrically connected with the image processing module.
Step two: the beam-shrinking lens group formed by the Cassegrain system utilizes a large-caliber main lens to collect target information, then utilizes light to compress, the Cassegrain Lin Zhujing compresses large-caliber incident light by a certain multiplying power, and the Cassegrain secondary lens collimates the compressed small-caliber light to obtain small-caliber parallel light.
Step three: the 4 multiplied by 4 micro lens array receives the small-caliber parallel light beams, performs light field segmentation on the small-caliber parallel light beams, and forms 16 light beams with consistent caliber after segmentation and converges.
Step four: the center of the 4 multiplied by 4 spectrum array coincides with the optical axis of the 4 multiplied by 4 micro lens array, each beam of light after light splitting passes through the corresponding optical filters, and the filtering ranges of the 16 optical filters are different from each other, so that 16 spectrum channels are obtained.
Step five: the light beams of each spectrum channel are focused on different areas of the focal plane splitting detector, and the detector is used for acquiring corresponding linear polarization images and angular polarization images of 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees under different spectrum channels.
Step six: and (3) calculating a polarized image by using an image processing module to obtain a polarization degree image and a polarization angle image of the detection target object. The image processing unit is utilized to automatically and rapidly search the image with the most obvious target contrast from 96 images of the polarization degree images of 16 spectrum channels, the polarization angle images of 16 spectrum channels and the polarization images of four linear polarization directions corresponding to each spectrum channel, and the target is accurately identified and extracted through a rapid fusion reconstruction enhancement algorithm, so that the target detection rate in a complex battlefield environment is improved.
Claims (6)
1. The rapid area array polarization spectrum image acquisition system is characterized by comprising a fairing, a beam shrinking unit, a collimation compensation mirror, a micro lens array, a correction mirror group, an optical filter, a separation plate, a focal plane polarization detector and an image processing module; the beam shrinking unit, the collimation compensation mirror, the micro lens array, the correction mirror group, the optical filter, the isolation plate and the focal plane polarization splitting detector are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the focal plane polarization splitting detector is electrically connected with the image processing module; the beam shrinking unit consists of a blocking lattice Lin Jitong, and both the blocking lattice Lin Zhujing and the secondary mirror are hyperboloid surfaces; the correcting lens group comprises a correcting lens I, a correcting lens II and a correcting lens III;
the target light beam is incident into the beam shrinking unit to compress the light beam and then the light beam passes through the collimation compensation mirror to emit a small-caliber parallel light beam, and the micro lens array receives the small-caliber parallel light beam and carries out light field light splitting on the small-caliber parallel light beam to divide the light field into 16 small-caliber light beams; correcting the optical path through a correction lens group, reducing aberration, performing spectral filtering on 16 small-caliber light beams by using optical filters to generate 16 spectral channels, and enabling the center of each optical filter to coincide with the optical axis of the micro lens array lens group so as to ensure the coaxial structure; utilizing a reticular isolation plate to physically isolate each region of the focal plane polarization detector; finally, focusing on 16 corresponding areas on the focal plane polarization detector, and simultaneously acquiring information of four polarization directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees by using the focal plane polarization detector, so that 16 polarized images in different spectral bands are calculated in real time by using an image processing module; automatically and quickly searching an image with the most obvious target contrast, and accurately identifying and extracting the target through a quick fusion reconstruction enhancement algorithm, so that the target detection rate in a complex battlefield environment is improved;
the optical parameters of the system are as follows:
2. the system of claim 1, wherein the primary mirror compresses the large-caliber light beam into a small-caliber light beam, and the secondary mirror collimates the small-caliber light beam to obtain a small-caliber parallel light beam.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the collimation compensation lens is a double-cemented lens, and all surface forms of the double-cemented lens are spherical surfaces; the collimation compensation mirror is used for compensating aberration of the small-caliber parallel light beam, and reducing influence of the fairing on imaging quality of a subsequent system.
4. The rapid area array polarized light spectrum image acquisition system according to claim 1, wherein the microlens array is arranged in a 4 x 4 arrangement, and every two adjacent microlenses are equally spaced; each micro lens has the same parameters as the surface shape and is a plano-convex lens; the micro lens array performs light field splitting on the incident small-caliber parallel light beams to obtain 16 light beams with the same caliber, and the 16 light beams are formed by the light field splitting to respectively image so as to realize simultaneous acquisition of a plurality of images.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the filter is a 4 x 4 array of filters corresponding to a front 4 x 4 array of microlenses; the filter array is coaxial with each channel of the microlens array; each channel of the filter array is respectively plated with 16 films with different spectral ranges to generate 16 spectral channels.
6. The rapid area array polarized spectral image acquisition system of claim 1, wherein 16 areas on the split focal plane polarization detector are spaced apart by 100 pixels; the detector target surface is divided into 4 parts in the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction, and each spectrum occupies 400×400 pixels.
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| 新型快照式光谱偏振成像技术;刘彦丽;赵海博;钟晓明;王业超;于晓杰;薛芳;;光学与光电技术;20200806;第18卷(第04期);70-74 * |
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