CN115263309A - Vein-crossing access stoping method and system easy to fill and jack - Google Patents
Vein-crossing access stoping method and system easy to fill and jack Download PDFInfo
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- CN115263309A CN115263309A CN202210762326.2A CN202210762326A CN115263309A CN 115263309 A CN115263309 A CN 115263309A CN 202210762326 A CN202210762326 A CN 202210762326A CN 115263309 A CN115263309 A CN 115263309A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for recovering a through-the-arteries access path, which are easy to fill and connect with the roof. The method for recovering the through vein access easy to fill and connect the roof comprises the following steps: arranging a vein-following ore removal communication channel along the trend of the ore body, wherein a gap is formed between the shoulder of the vein-following ore removal communication channel and a weak rock stratum of the lower wall of the ore body; a plurality of vein-passing access roads are tunneled from the vein-following ore removal communication road, and the heights of the top plates of the vein-passing access roads are gradually reduced from the vein-following ore removal communication road to the upper plate boundary of the ore body in a stepped mode; in the process of the vein-crossing approach tunneling, the top plate of the vein-crossing approach and the side walls of the adjacent vein-crossing approaches are jointly supported; after the tunneling and the branch of the puncture route are completed, laying the bottom of the puncture route; constructing a flexible retaining wall and filling a filling body. The threading type approach is arranged aiming at the ore rocks of which the structural plane develops along the trend of the ore body, so that the construction difficulty is reduced, the safety is improved, and the cost is reduced. The section arrangement that the roof reduces gradually is convenient for the obturator to fill and meet the top, maintains that the stope is stable, realizes lower layering safety stoping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous mine mining, in particular to a through-the-vein access stoping method and a through-the-vein access stoping system which are easy to fill and roof contact.
Background
The average inclination angle of 800mL west region ore body of a certain copper ore main ore body is 75 degrees, the average thickness of the ore body is 6m, and the average grade is 2.35 percent. The seam and the joint of the ore rock develop particularly along the trend direction of the ore body, and the stability of the surrounding rock is poor. The design adopts a downward approach layered filling mining method for stoping, a stope is arranged along the direction of the trend of an ore body, a first mining layer, namely a preparation layer, adopts through-the-vein type tunneling, and then an artificial false bottom is constructed and paste is filled. The construction quality of the stope of the preparation layer directly influences the safety of the lower layered stope. When paste is filled on site under the condition that the elevation of the vein-crossing access roof is unchanged, the phenomenon that filling is not connected to the roof is easy to occur locally, the roof has the risk of instability and falling, the overall stability of a stope is influenced, and then the safety recovery of lower layering is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art and provides a method and a system for extracting a through-the-vein access path, which are easy to fill and jack.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method of easily filling a topped puncture access for recovery, comprising: arranging a vein-following ore removal connecting channel along the trend of the ore body, wherein a gap is formed between the shoulder of the vein-following ore removal connecting channel and the weak rock stratum of the ore body footwall; tunneling a plurality of vein-passing access ways from the vein-following ore removal connection channel, wherein the heights of the top plates of the vein-passing access ways are gradually reduced from the vein-following ore removal connection channel to the upper disc boundary of the ore body; in the process of the tunneling of the vein-crossing access, the top plate of the vein-crossing access and the side walls of the adjacent vein-crossing access are jointly supported; after the tunneling and the branch of the vein-crossing access are completed, laying the bottom of the vein-crossing access; constructing a flexible retaining wall and filling a filling body.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the beneficial effects that: and a vein-penetrating type access is arranged aiming at the ore rock of which the structural surface develops along the trend of the ore body, so that the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction safety is improved, and the supporting cost is reduced. The section that the roof reduces gradually arranges, and the obturator of being convenient for fills and meets the top, maintains preparation layer and stope overall stability, realizes lower layering safety stoping.
Furthermore, the pulse-through access is pushed backwards from the two ends of the stope to the middle part.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the pulse-crossing access road is pushed backwards from the two ends of the stope to the middle part, and compared with forward stope, the stope has better overall stability and higher construction safety. .
Furthermore, a plurality of pulse-through access roads are tunneled from the stope access road through the pulse ore removal access road, and the stope access road is positioned in the middle of the stope.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the method is favorable for retreating type alternate operation from two ends of the stope to the middle part, and is favorable for construction safety and improvement of production efficiency.
Further, the gap between the shoulder of the vein-along ore removal connecting channel and the weak rock stratum of the ore body footwall is more than or equal to 2 meters.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the lithology of the weak rock stratum is poor, the closer the run-along ore removal connecting channel is to the weak rock stratum, the higher the roadway tunneling support cost is, and on the contrary, the distance between the run-along ore removal connecting channel and the weak rock stratum is increased, and the support cost is effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the elevation of the bottom plate of the vein-penetrating access is unchanged, and the height of the top plate of the vein-penetrating access is reduced by 12-16 cm per cannon.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: by adopting a cross section arrangement structure that the elevation of the bottom plate is unchanged and the top plate is gradually lowered, the filling body can be conveniently filled and connected with the top, the overall stability of the stope of the preparation layer can be effectively maintained, and the lower layered safety stope is realized. When the filling pipeline is installed at the highest position of the through-pulse access path for filling, the top plate is low in inside and high outside, so that filling and roof connection are easily realized step by step from inside to outside, and the overall stability of the preparation stope is further ensured.
Further, in the process of the tunneling of the vein-crossing access, a top plate of the vein-crossing access and the side walls of the adjacent vein-crossing access are jointly supported by anchor rods, long anchor cables, metal meshes and sprayed concrete, wherein the anchor rods and the long anchor cables supported in the vein-crossing access are inclined to the upper disc direction of the ore body; and connecting the bottom of the metal mesh sheet of the side wall of the adjacent vein-crossing access with a reinforcing mesh.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the anchor rods, the long anchor cables, the metal meshes and the sprayed concrete are adopted for combined supporting, so that the safety during construction operation is ensured. The stock is strutted with long anchor rope perpendicular to bedding direction, strengthens its anchor effect, improves and struts the ability for tunnel stability is better, and operation environmental security is higher.
Further, the reinforcing mesh is connected to the long anchor cable on the top plate of the puncture access through the vertical bars.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the stability of the reinforced concrete false roof is improved, and the lower layered safety stoping is facilitated.
Furthermore, the included angle between the anchor rod and the long anchor cable and the horizontal plane is 65-75 degrees.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are supported in the direction perpendicular to the bedding direction, the anchoring effect is enhanced, and the supporting capacity is improved.
Furthermore, the side walls of the adjacent pulse-through access ways are covered by the metal net sheets, and the bottoms of the metal net sheets are bound and connected with the reinforcing mesh by iron wires.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: when adjacent drift access mining is ensured, the filling body on one side is upright and stable.
In addition, the invention also provides a transforaminal access stoping system easy to fill and connect with the roof, and based on the transforaminal access stoping method easy to fill and connect with the roof, the transforaminal access system easy to fill and connect with the roof comprises the steps of; the ore body drawing device comprises a vein-along ore removal connecting channel arranged along the trend of an ore body, a plurality of vein-through access ways with the top plate heights gradually reduced from the vein-along ore removal connecting channel to the upper plate boundary of the ore body, and a filling body, wherein the vein-along ore removal connecting channel is connected with the vein-through access ways, the vein-through access ways are all connected with the ore body, and the filling body is arranged in the vein-through access ways.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the through-vein type approach is arranged aiming at the ore rocks of which the structural surface develops along the trend of the ore body, so that the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction safety is improved, and the supporting cost is reduced. The section that the roof reduces gradually arranges, and the obturator of being convenient for fills and meets the top, maintains preparation layer and stope overall stability, realizes lower layering safety stoping.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting a transvascular route according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the direction of the ore body according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view along the direction of the ore body according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along the direction of the ore body according to the embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1. drawing ore along the vein to connect the road; 2. a stope communication channel; 3. a vessel is penetrated and a path is entered; 4. an ore cushion layer; 5. a reinforcing mesh; 6. concrete false bottom; 7. a filling body; 8. an anchor rod; 9. a long anchor cable; 10. a metal mesh sheet; 11. spraying concrete; 12. erecting ribs; 13. a flexible retaining wall; 14. a lower stratified stoping route; 15. an ore body; 16. a weak rock formation; 17. stopes; 18. a gap.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an easy-to-fill roof-contacted through-the-vein extraction method, which includes:
s1, arranging a vein-following ore removal communication channel 1 along the trend of an ore body 15, wherein a gap 18 is formed between the shoulder of the vein-following ore removal communication channel 1 and a weak rock stratum 16 of the lower wall of the ore body 15;
s2, tunneling a plurality of vein-crossing access ways 3 from the vein-crossing ore removal connection channel 1, wherein the height of the top plate of each vein-crossing access way 3 is gradually reduced from the vein-crossing ore removal connection channel 1 to the upper plate boundary of the ore body 15 in a stepped manner;
s3, in the process of tunneling the approach 3, carrying out combined supporting on a top plate of the approach 3 and the side walls of the adjacent approach 3;
s4, after the tunneling of the vein-penetrating access 3 is finished, paving the bottom of the vein-penetrating access 3;
s5, constructing a flexible retaining wall 13 and filling the filling body 7.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the beneficial effects that: and a vein-penetrating type access is arranged aiming at the ore rock of which the structural surface develops along the trend of the ore body, so that the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction safety is improved, and the supporting cost is reduced. The section arrangement that the roof reduces gradually is convenient for the obturator to fill and is met the top, maintains preparation layer and stope overall stability, realizes lower layering safety stoping.
Wherein, the lower part of the vein-passing access 3 is provided with a lower layered extraction access 14.
Specifically, the through-vein approach stoping method easy to fill and top contact provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a through-vein ore removal connecting channel, wherein the through-vein ore removal connecting channel is arranged along the trend of an ore body, and the distance from the shoulder of the through-vein ore removal connecting channel to a weak rock stratum of a lower wall of the ore body is not less than 2m. The closer to the weak rock stratum, the higher the roadway tunneling and supporting cost is, and on the contrary, the distance between the vein-following ore removal connecting passage and the weak rock stratum is properly increased, so that the supporting cost can be effectively reduced. The method comprises the following steps that a vein-crossing ore removal connecting channel is tunneled, the elevation of a bottom plate of a 3-dimensional vein-crossing ore removal connecting channel is unchanged, the height of a top plate is gradually reduced in a step mode from the vein-crossing ore removal connecting channel to the upper disc boundary of an ore body, an anchor rod, a long anchor rope, a metal net piece and sprayed concrete are jointly supported on the top plate and the side wall of an adjacent vein-crossing ore removal channel in the process of tunneling the vein-crossing ore removal connecting channel, after the vein-crossing ore removal connecting channel is tunneled, an ore cushion layer is sequentially padded, a reinforcing mesh is paved, a concrete false bottom is poured, a flexible retaining wall is constructed and a filling body is filled, and the vein-crossing ore removal channel is propelled backwards from the two ends of a stope to the middle part.
Aiming at the ore rock with a structural surface developing along the trend of an ore body, a vein-crossing type access is arranged, so that the construction difficulty can be greatly reduced, the construction safety is improved, and the supporting cost can be reduced; by adopting a cross section arrangement structure that the elevation of the bottom plate is unchanged and the top plate is gradually lowered, the filling body can be conveniently filled and connected with the top, the overall stability of the stope of the preparation layer can be effectively maintained, and the lower layered safety stope is realized.
In the process of the vein-crossing approach tunneling, the elevation of the bottom plate is unchanged, and the height of the top plate is reduced by 12-16 cm per shot. When the filling pipeline is installed at the highest position of the through-pulse access path for filling, the top plate is low in inside and high outside, so that filling and roof connection are easily realized step by step from inside to outside, and the overall stability of the preparation stope is further ensured.
The bottom of the metal mesh sheet of the side wall of the adjacent pulse-through approach is connected with a reinforcing mesh, and the connection is bound by adopting iron wires. The metal net sheet covers the side walls of the adjacent pulse-through access, and the lower part of the metal net sheet is bound and connected with the reinforcing mesh by iron wires into a whole. When the adjacent drift is mined, the filling body on one side is ensured to be upright and stable.
The reinforcing mesh is connected to the long anchor cable on the top plate of the vein-crossing access way through the welding vertical bars. The stability of the reinforced concrete false roof is improved, and the lower layered safety stoping is facilitated.
The anchor rod and the long anchor cable supported in the vein-crossing access are inclined to the upper plate direction of the ore body, and the included angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane is 65-75 degrees. The anchor rod and the long anchor cable are supported in the direction perpendicular to the bedding direction, so that the anchoring effect can be enhanced, and the supporting capability is improved.
Further, the venation penetration path 3 is pushed back from the two ends of the stope 17 to the middle.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: compared with forward stoping, the backward stoping has the advantages of better overall stability of a stope and higher construction safety.
Further, a plurality of vein-through access roads 3 are tunneled from the stope access 2 through the vein-along ore removal access 1, the stope access 2 being located in the middle of the stope 17.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the method is favorable for retreating type alternate operation from two ends of the stope to the middle part, and is favorable for construction safety and improvement of production efficiency.
Further, the clearance between the shoulder of the vein ore removal connecting channel 1 and the weak rock stratum 16 of the lower wall of the ore body 15 is more than or equal to 2 meters.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the lithology of the weak rock stratum is poor, the closer the vein-edge ore removal connecting channel is to the weak rock stratum, the higher the roadway tunneling support cost is, and on the contrary, the distance between the vein-edge ore removal connecting channel and the weak rock stratum is increased, and the support cost is effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the elevation of the bottom plate of the vein-passing access 3 is unchanged, and the height of the top plate of the vein-passing access 3 is reduced by 12-16 cm per cannon.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: by adopting a cross section arrangement structure that the elevation of the bottom plate is unchanged and the top plate is gradually lowered, the filling body can be conveniently filled and connected with the top, the overall stability of the stope of the preparation layer can be effectively maintained, and the lower layered safety stope is realized. When the filling pipeline is installed at the highest position of the artery-crossing access path for filling, the top plate is easy to realize filling and roof-contacting step by step from inside to outside due to low inside and high outside, and further the whole stability of the stope of the preparation layer is ensured.
Further, in the process of tunneling the vena puncture access 3, a top plate of the vena puncture access 3 and the side walls of the adjacent vena puncture access 3 are jointly supported through anchor rods 8, long anchor cables 9, metal meshes 10 and sprayed concrete 11, wherein the anchor rods 8 and the long anchor cables 9 supported in the vena puncture access 3 are inclined to the upper disc direction of an ore body 15, and after the tunneling of the vena puncture access 3 is completed, an ore cushion layer 4, a reinforcing mesh 5 and a concrete false bottom 6 are sequentially padded, so that the bottom of the vena puncture access 3 is paved; the bottom of the metal mesh sheet 10 adjacent to the lateral side of the vein-traversing access 3 is connected with the reinforcing mesh 5.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the anchor rods, the long anchor cables, the metal meshes and the sprayed concrete are adopted for combined supporting, so that the safety during construction operation is ensured. The stock is strutted with long anchor rope perpendicular to bedding direction, strengthens its anchor effect, improves and struts the ability for tunnel stability is better, and operation environmental security is higher.
Further, the mesh reinforcement 5 is connected to the long anchor lines 9 of the top plate of the arteriotomy 3 by vertical bars 12.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the stability of the reinforced concrete false roof is improved, and the lower layered safety stoping is facilitated.
Further, the included angle between the anchor rod 8 and the long anchor cable 9 and the horizontal plane is 65-75 degrees.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are supported in the direction perpendicular to the bedding direction, the anchoring effect is enhanced, and the supporting capability is improved.
Furthermore, the side walls of the adjacent pulse-through access 3 are covered by the metal mesh sheet 10, and the bottom of the metal mesh sheet 10 is bound and connected with the reinforcing mesh 5 by iron wires.
The beneficial effect of adopting the further technical scheme is that: when the adjacent drift is mined, the filling body on one side is ensured to be upright and stable.
The vein-through access stoping method easy to fill and top-contact comprises a vein-along ore removal connecting channel, wherein the vein-along ore removal connecting channel is arranged along the trend of an ore body and is in T-shaped arrangement with a stope connecting channel, and the stope connecting channel is positioned in the middle of a stope. The distance between the shoulder of the run-along ore removal connecting channel and the soft rock stratum of the ore body footwall is not less than 2m, the lithology of the soft rock stratum is poor, the closer the run-along ore removal connecting channel is, the higher the required supporting cost is, and the run-along ore removal connecting channel is supported by combining an anchor net and a long anchor rope. A drift approach is tunneled from the drift ore removal connecting channel, in the drift approach tunneling process, each shot of the top plate is reduced by 12-16 cm, when a subsequent filling pipeline is installed at the highest position of the drift approach for filling, the top plate is easy to realize filling and top connecting step by step from inside to outside due to low inside and high outside, and further the integral stability of a preparation layer stope is ensured; secondly, in the process of tunneling, the drift-through access is supported in a combined mode through anchor rods, long anchor cables, metal meshes and sprayed concrete, and safety during construction operation is guaranteed. The anchor rod and the metal mesh adopt a 'one-shot-one-branch' mode; the long anchor cable and the sprayed concrete adopt a mode of 'two guns and one branch'. When the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are used for supporting, the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are inclined to the direction of the upper plate, the included angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane is 65-75 degrees, and the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are perpendicular to the bedding direction for supporting, so that the anchoring effect of the anchor rod and the long anchor cable can be enhanced, and the supporting capability is improved. The metal net sheet covers the side walls of the adjacent vein-crossing access roads, and the lower parts of the metal net sheets and the reinforcement meshes which are laid subsequently are bound and connected into a whole by using iron wires, so that the filling body on one side is ensured to be upright and stable during the construction of the adjacent vein-crossing access roads. After the vein-crossing access construction is completed, an ore cushion layer is padded, a reinforcing mesh is paved, after the reinforcing mesh is paved, vertical ribs are welded on two long anchor cables in the middle of the vein-crossing access, the reinforcing mesh below the two long anchor cables is connected, each row of the vertical ribs is two, and the row distance is 3m. And after the construction is finished, pouring a concrete false bottom, constructing a flexible retaining wall and filling a filling body, wherein the pulse-crossing access road is pushed in a retreating mode from two ends of the stope to the middle of the stope.
Example one
The average inclination angle of 800mL west region ore body of a certain copper ore main ore body is 75 degrees, the average thickness of the ore body is 6m, and the average grade is 2.35 percent. The seam and the joint of the ore rock develop along the trend direction of the ore body, the stability of the surrounding rock is poor, and a weak rock stratum of 0.5-2 m is arranged on the lower wall of the ore body. The ore body design adopts a downward drift cut-and-fill stoping method to carry out stoping, stopes are arranged along the trend direction of the ore body, and the length of each stope is 45m. When the preparation layer stope is tunneled along the vein, the roof is frequently fallen, the construction difficulty is high, the supporting cost is high, the vein-crossing type arrangement route is changed into the later mode, when paste is filled on the site under the condition that the elevation of the vein-crossing route roof is unchanged, the phenomenon that the roof is not connected with the roof during filling is easy to occur locally, the roof has instability falling risk, the overall stability of the stope is influenced, and then the safety recovery of lower layering is influenced. In order to ensure the construction quality of the artificial false roof of the first mining layer, namely the preparation layer and realize the lower-layer safe stoping, the vein-crossing access stoping method is adopted for construction.
The stope connecting channel is arranged in the middle of a stope, after construction is finished, the vein-along ore removal connecting channel is constructed along the vein from the stope connecting channel, the section specification is 3.8m multiplied by 3.8m (width multiplied by height), the vein-along ore removal connecting channel and the stope connecting channel are arranged in a T shape, the shoulder of the vein-along ore removal connecting channel is 2.5m away from the soft rock stratum of the lower plate of the ore body, anchor nets and anchor cables are adopted for combined supporting in the tunneling process of the vein-along ore removal connecting channel, 5-7 anchor rods are arranged at each row, and the row spacing is 1m; 3 anchor cables are arranged in each row, and the row distance is 2m; the metal mesh covers the position above the waist of the connection channel along the vein ore removal.
After the run-along ore removal connecting channel is constructed to the end part of a stope, a run-through access is constructed, the width of the access is 4.5m, the elevation of the bottom plate of the run-through access is unchanged, the height of the top plate is reduced by 12cm from the run-along ore removal connecting channel to the upper plate of an ore body after blasting mining height per cycle is reduced, and the height of the top plate reaches 3.2m after 5 cycles. In the process of the vein-crossing access tunneling, a combined support of an anchor net (the anchor net comprises an anchor rod and a metal net piece), a long anchor cable and sprayed concrete is adopted. The anchor net adopts a mode of one gun and one branch; the long anchor cable and the sprayed concrete adopt a mode of 'two guns and one branch'. When the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are used for supporting, the anchor rod and the long anchor cable are inclined to the direction of the upper disc, and the included angle between the anchor rod and the horizontal plane is 70 degrees. 7 anchors are supported in each row through the vein access, 5 roofs are supported, 1 anchor is supported on each of the two sides, and the row spacing is 1.1m; the metal meshes cover the top plate and the side walls of the adjacent approach roads, and the lap joint width between the metal meshes is 20cm when the metal meshes support. 4 anchor cables are arranged in each row of the vein-through access cable, the distance is 1m, and the row distance is 2m; when the concrete is sprayed for supporting, the spraying thickness is not less than 7cm, and the concrete slurry preferably covers the net sheets completely.
After the vein-crossing route tunneling is finished, cleaning a route bottom plate, paving an ore cushion layer with the thickness of 200mm, then paving a layer of woven bag on the ore cushion layer, paving a reinforcing mesh on the woven bag, paving main reinforcements along the vein-crossing route direction, and adopting phi 20mm screw-thread steel with the distance of 160mm; the auxiliary bars are laid in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the approach of the vein, the phi 12mm screw-thread steel is adopted, the distance is 200mm, the crossing parts of the main bars and the auxiliary bars are bound by 20# binding wires, the reinforcing mesh is heightened by 50mm through small stone blocks after the binding of the reinforcing mesh is finished, and then the metal mesh supported by the side walls and the reinforcing mesh are bound and connected by iron wires. And secondly, welding two long anchor cables in the middle of the pulse-through access with a reinforcing mesh below the vertical bars in a row with a row spacing of 3m, wherein the vertical bars are connected with the reinforcing mesh below the vertical bars. And then pouring C20 concrete, after the concrete pouring is finished and the curing is carried out for 24 hours, constructing a flexible retaining wall at the vein-crossing access port, installing a filling pipeline to the topmost position of the flexible retaining wall for paste filling, carrying out the construction of adjacent access after the vein-crossing access is completely filled with filling bodies and the curing is carried out for 3 days, and advancing the access construction sequence from two ends of the stope to the middle in a retreating manner in principle.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, in addition, the invention also provides a transforaminal access recovery system easy to fill and connect with the roof, which is based on any one of the above-mentioned transforaminal access recovery methods easy to fill and connect with the roof, and comprises; the ore drawing device comprises a vein-along ore drawing connecting channel 1 arranged along the trend of an ore body 15, a plurality of vein-through access paths 3 with the heights of roofs gradually reduced from the vein-along ore drawing connecting channel 1 to the upper disc boundary of the ore body 15, and filling bodies 7, wherein the vein-along ore drawing connecting channel 1 is connected with the vein-through access paths 3, the vein-through access paths 3 are all connected with the ore body 15, and the filling bodies 7 are arranged in the vein-through access paths 3.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the beneficial effects that: the through-vein type approach is arranged aiming at the ore rocks of which the structural surface develops along the trend of the ore body, so that the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction safety is improved, and the supporting cost is reduced. The section that the roof reduces gradually arranges, and the obturator of being convenient for fills and meets the top, maintains preparation layer and stope overall stability, realizes lower layering safety stoping.
Specifically, an easy-to-fill, roof-tied, transvascular access recovery system comprising: the vein-along ore removal junction comprises a vein-along ore removal junction 1 arranged along the trend of an ore body 15, a plurality of vein-along ore removal junctions 3 with roof heights gradually reduced from the vein-along ore removal junction 1 to the upper disc boundary of the ore body 15, and a filling body 7, wherein the vein-along ore removal junction 1 is connected with the plurality of vein-along access 3, the plurality of vein-along access 3 are connected with the ore body 15, and the filling body 7 is arranged in the vein-along access 3. Aiming at the ore rocks of which the structural plane develops along the trend of the ore body, the vein-penetrating access is arranged, so that the construction difficulty is reduced, the construction safety is improved, and the supporting cost is reduced. The section structure arrangement that the roof gradually reduces is convenient for the obturator to fill and is met the top, maintains preparation layer and stope integral stability, realizes lower layering safety stoping.
Further, a plurality of anchor rods 8, a plurality of long anchor cables 9, a metal mesh 10 and sprayed concrete 11 are arranged on a top plate and a side wall of the vein-crossing access 3, the metal mesh 10 is installed on inner walls of the top plate and the side wall of the vein-crossing access 3, the sprayed concrete 11 covers the metal mesh 10, one ends of the anchor rods 8 and one ends of the long anchor cables 9 are all connected with the metal mesh 10, the other ends of the anchor rods 8 and the other ends of the long anchor cables 9 all penetrate through the top of the vein-crossing access 3 and are connected with an ore body 15, and the filling body 7 is arranged on the outer side of the sprayed concrete 11. The anchor rods, the long anchor cables, the metal meshes and the sprayed concrete are adopted for combined supporting, so that the safety during construction operation is ensured. The anchor rod and the long anchor cable are supported in the direction perpendicular to the bedding direction, the anchoring effect is enhanced, the supporting capacity is improved, the stability of a roadway is better, and the safety of the operation environment is higher.
Further, the anchor rod 8 and the long anchor cable 9 are arranged in a manner of inclining to the upper disc direction of the ore body 15, and the included angle between the anchor rod 8 and the long anchor cable 9 and the horizontal plane ranges from 65 degrees to 75 degrees. The anchor rod and the long anchor cable are supported in the direction perpendicular to the bedding direction, the anchoring effect is enhanced, and the supporting capability is improved.
Further, the bottom plate level of the approach of arteries and veins 3 sets up, lay ore bed course 4, reinforcing bar net 5, the false end of concrete 6 on the bottom plate in proper order, ore bed course 4 sets up on the bottom inner wall of approach of arteries and veins 3, reinforcing bar net 5 sets up the top of ore bed course 4, the false end of concrete 6 sets up the top of reinforcing bar net 5. The ore cushion layer is beneficial to the damage of the cushion blasting to the false bottom when the lower layered stoping is carried out, the reinforcing mesh is added into the concrete false bottom, the strength of the false bottom is improved, and the stability is higher.
Further, the bottom of the metal mesh 10 is connected to the mesh reinforcement 5, and the mesh reinforcement 5 is connected to the long anchor cables 9 through vertical ribs 12. The stability of the reinforced concrete false roof is further improved, and the lower layering safety stoping is guaranteed. When the adjacent drift is mined, the filling body on one side is ensured to be upright and stable.
Further, the pulse-through access 3 is provided with a plurality of cavities formed by blast mining technology, the cavities are communicated in sequence, the heights of the tops of the cavities are reduced in a stepped manner from the pulse-along ore removal connecting channel 1 to the upper plate boundary of the ore body 15, and a height difference exists between every two adjacent cavities. By adopting a cross section arrangement structure that the elevation of the bottom plate is unchanged and the top plate is gradually lowered, the filling body can be conveniently filled and connected with the top, the overall stability of the stope of the preparation layer can be effectively maintained, and the lower layered safety stope is realized. When the filling pipeline is installed at the highest position of the through-pulse access path for filling, the top plate is low in inside and high outside, so that filling and roof connection are easily realized step by step from inside to outside, and the overall stability of the preparation stope is further ensured.
Further, the height difference value ranges from 12cm to 16cm. The bottom plate is of a cross section arrangement structure with unchanged elevation and gradually reduced top plate, so that filling of a filling body is facilitated, the overall stability of a stope of a preparation layer can be effectively maintained, and lower-layering safe stoping is realized. When the filling pipeline is installed at the highest position of the through-pulse access path for filling, the top plate is low in inside and high outside, so that filling and roof connection are easily realized step by step from inside to outside, and the overall stability of the preparation stope is further ensured.
Further, the ore body 15 is provided with a weak rock stratum 16, and a gap 18 is formed between the vein ore removal connecting channel 1 and the weak rock stratum 16. The lithology of the soft rock stratum is poor, and the stability of the roadway is facilitated by keeping a certain distance between the roadway and the soft rock stratum.
Further, the gap 18 is 2 meters or more. The lithology of the weak rock stratum is poor, the closer the vein-edge ore removal connecting channel is to the weak rock stratum, the higher the roadway tunneling support cost is, and on the contrary, the distance between the vein-edge ore removal connecting channel and the weak rock stratum is increased, and the support cost is effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the stope connecting channel 2 is connected with a plurality of vein-through access channels 3 through a vein-along ore removal connecting channel 1, the stope connecting channel 2 is perpendicular to the vein-along ore removal connecting channel 1, a stope 17 is arranged in the ore body 15, the stope connecting channel 2 is located on one side of the middle of the stope 17, and one end, adjacent to the vein-along ore removal connecting channel 1, of the vein-through access channel 3 is provided with a flexible retaining wall 13. The back-type alternate operation from the two ends of the stope to the middle part is convenient, the construction safety is facilitated, and the production efficiency is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A transforaminal access stoping method with easy filling and roof contact, comprising:
arranging a vein-along ore removal connecting channel (1) along the trend of an ore body (15), wherein a gap (18) is formed between the shoulder of the vein-along ore removal connecting channel (1) and a weak rock stratum (16) of the lower tray of the ore body (15);
tunneling a plurality of vein-passing access roads (3) from the vein-following ore removal connection channel (1), wherein the heights of the top plates of the vein-passing access roads (3) are gradually reduced from the vein-following ore removal connection channel (1) to the upper disc boundary of the ore body (15);
in the tunneling process of the vein-crossing access (3), the top plate of the vein-crossing access (3) and the side walls of the adjacent vein-crossing accesses (3) are jointly supported;
after the artery penetrating access (3) is dug and branched, the bottom of the artery penetrating access (3) is paved;
constructing a flexible retaining wall (13) and filling the filling body (7).
2. A method of easily fillable roof access lift extraction as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the lift (3) is pushed backwards from the ends of the stope (17) towards the centre.
3. A method of easily fillable roof-contacted throats mining according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that a number of throats (3) are driven from the stope gateway (2) by means of a mine-off gateway (1), the stope gateway (2) being located in the middle of the stope (17).
4. An easy-to-fill roof-contacting vein stoping method according to claim 1, wherein the clearance (18) between the shoulder of the vein-drawing connecting duct (1) and the weak rock strata (16) below the ore body (15) is 2m or more.
5. A method of easily fillable roof-tied transosseous access extraction according to claim 1, wherein the elevation of the floor of the transosseous access (3) is constant and the roof of the transosseous access (3) is lowered by 12-16 cm per shot.
6. The method for mining the through vein approach easy to fill and connect the roof is characterized in that in the process of tunneling the through vein approach (3), the roof of the through vein approach (3) and the side walls of the adjacent through vein approach (3) are jointly supported through anchor rods (8), long anchor cables (9), metal meshes (10) and sprayed concrete (11), wherein the anchor rods (8) and the long anchor cables (9) supported in the through vein approach (3) are inclined to the upper disc direction of an ore body (15), and after the tunneling of the through vein approach (3) is completed, an ore cushion layer (4), a reinforcing mesh (5) and a concrete false bottom (6) are sequentially padded to realize the laying of the bottom of the through vein approach (3); the bottom of the metal mesh (10) at the side wall of the adjacent vein-crossing access path (3) is connected with the reinforcing mesh (5).
7. A method of easily fillable roof-connected transoral access extraction according to claim 6, characterized in that the mesh reinforcement (5) is connected by vertical bars (12) to long anchor lines (9) of the roof of the transoral access (3).
8. An easy-to-fill roof-contacting transvascular access extraction method as claimed in claim 6 wherein the angle between the anchor rods (8) and the long anchor cables (9) and the horizontal plane is 65 ° to 75 °.
9. The easily filled and topped vein access stoping method according to claim 6, wherein the lateral side of the adjacent vein access path (3) is covered by a metal mesh sheet (10), and the bottom of the metal mesh sheet (10) is bound and connected with the reinforcing mesh (5) by wires.
10. An easy-to-fill roof-contact transvascular access recovery system based on the easy-to-fill roof-contact transvascular access recovery method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the easy-to-fill roof-contact transvascular access system comprises; the junction of drawing a vein along the trend of ore body (15) is arranged, along draw a vein ore removal tie way (1), a plurality of roof height from draw a vein ore removal tie way (1) to the upper disc border cascaded descending's of ore body (15) vein access way (3), obturator (7), draw a vein ore removal tie way (1) with a plurality of the vein access way (3) is connected, and is a plurality of the vein access way (3) all with the ore body (15) are connected, obturator (7) set up in the vein access way (3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210762326.2A CN115263309A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Vein-crossing access stoping method and system easy to fill and jack |
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| CN202210762326.2A CN115263309A (en) | 2022-06-29 | 2022-06-29 | Vein-crossing access stoping method and system easy to fill and jack |
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