CN115261711B - Silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power casting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power casting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115261711B CN115261711B CN202210850338.0A CN202210850338A CN115261711B CN 115261711 B CN115261711 B CN 115261711B CN 202210850338 A CN202210850338 A CN 202210850338A CN 115261711 B CN115261711 B CN 115261711B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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Abstract
The invention discloses silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron for wind power castings and a preparation method thereof, and in particular relates to the technical field of spheroidal graphite cast iron, and the silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron comprises the following raw materials: pig iron, scrap steel, ferrite matrix furnace returns, carburant, ferrosilicon, low rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer, primary inoculant, inoculant alloy, ladle inoculant and heat preservation agent. According to the invention, the carburant and the ferrosilicon are utilized, so that the toughness of ferrite in a matrix is ensured, meanwhile, the strength of the ferrite is improved, the oxidation degree of an effective graphite crystal core formed in the second inoculation is less than that in the first ladle inoculation, the inoculation effect is further improved, under the action of multiple inoculation treatments, the shape of graphite nodules in a metallographic structure is obviously rounded, the number of graphite nodules per unit area of the obtained spheroidal graphite nodules is increased, the graphite nodules are thinned and uniformly distributed, so that the spheroidization rate is high, ferrite grains are small, and the tensile strength is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spheroidal graphite cast iron, in particular to silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron for wind power castings and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Wind power castings have extremely high requirements on quality stability of castings, the traditional casting method for smelting new iron by a cupola furnace has been gradually replaced by a method for smelting synthetic cast iron by a medium frequency electric furnace, the application of synthetic cast iron consisting of low-quality furnace materials such as scrap steel, cast iron filings, steel filings and the like and carburant, and the ' low-carbon, environment-friendly and sustainable development ' consisting of clean energy sources, namely ' green casting ', is accepted by wide ' large casting enterprises in a brand-new posture.
In the production process, the quality requirements of raw materials and auxiliary materials are high, and trace elements in pig iron need to be controlled at a very low level; when the molten iron is spheroidized and inoculated, the technological requirements are strict. High-quality raw and auxiliary materials are required in production, so that the production cost is increased; strict inoculation process has high requirements on the level of operators, and at present EN 1563:2012, the EN-GJS-500-14, EN-GJS-600-10, EN-GJS-500-14 and EN-GJS-600-10 with a yield ratio of 0.778 and 0.755 respectively, wherein the yield ratio of the EN-GJS-600-10 and the EN-GJS-500-14 is lower, and the yield ratio refers to the yield point of the material, namely the ratio of the yield strength to the tensile strength.
The existing spheroidal graphite cast iron produced by the silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite material cannot meet the use requirements of people, and has low yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio and poor mechanical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron for wind power castings and a preparation method thereof, and the problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to improve the yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio of the spheroidal graphite cast iron.
The invention provides a preparation method of silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power castings, which comprises the following specific preparation steps:
step one: weighing pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns, adding the pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, completely melting to obtain ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating to 1500-2000 ℃, detecting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid through a photoelectric direct-reading spectrometer, weighing carburant and ferrosilicon, adding the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and adjusting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid to the required mass percentage range;
step two: uniformly placing a low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer into a nodulizing ladle, pounding the nodulizing ladle, compacting, covering with an inoculating alloy with the granularity of 0.5-6mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.2-0.6% of the total weight of ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid in a furnace to 1430-1450 ℃, pouring the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid into the nodulizing ladle for nodulizing, weighing the inoculant in the ladle, adding the inoculant into the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid ladle, and performing primary inoculation;
step three: deslagging the spheroidized ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, then spreading a heat preservation agent through a riser, casting and casting, adding an inoculant once in the casting process, then covering an inoculating alloy with the granularity of 0.2-0.7mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and performing secondary inoculation treatment to obtain the ferrite nodular cast iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the ferrite nodular cast iron obtained in the step three comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: carbon: 3.30-3.50%, silicon: 3.55-3.85%, manganese: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, sulfur: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, magnesium: 0.035-0.055%, rare earth: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the adding amount of the low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 0.95-1.25% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
In a preferred embodiment: in the first step, the proportion of the pig iron, the scrap steel and the ferrite matrix furnace returns is 30-50wt%:20-40wt%:20-40wt%.
In a preferred embodiment: the granularity of the low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 4-32mm, and the main components in percentage by weight comprise Mg:5-7%, RE:0.10-0.40%, si:40-50% and the balance of iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the total addition amount of the inoculated alloy is 0.7-0.8wt% of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid alloy.
In a preferred embodiment: the dosage of the primary inoculant is 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
In a preferred embodiment: the dosage of the inoculant in the ladle is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the spheroidal graphite cast iron prepared by adopting the raw material formula of the invention adds the primary inoculant into the ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron liquid during the second inoculation, the formed effective graphite crystal core is less oxidized than the first inoculation, the inoculation effect is further improved, the shape of graphite nodules in a metallographic structure is obviously rounded under the action of multiple inoculation treatments, the number of graphite nodules in the unit area of the obtained spheroidal graphite cast iron is increased, the graphite nodules are refined and uniformly distributed, the spheroidization rate is high, the ferrite grains are fine, and the tensile strength is improved.
2. The ductile iron prepared by the raw material formula of the invention can fully play the roles of carbon and silicon in the components by adding the carburant and the ferrosilicon, ensures the toughness of ferrite in a matrix, simultaneously ensures that high-content silicon element is dissolved in the ferrite in a solid manner, improves the strength, generates a large amount of dispersed uniform heterogeneous crystal cores in molten iron by the existence of a large amount of carburant in the synthetic cast iron ferrite ductile iron liquid, reduces the supercooling degree of the molten iron, promotes the generation of graphite tissues mainly comprising A-type graphite, ensures that branches of A-type graphite sheets are not easy to grow up, becomes tiny and uniform, and better improves the machinability of castings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the invention provides a preparation method of silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power castings, which comprises the following specific preparation steps:
step one: weighing pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns, adding the pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, completely melting to obtain ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating to 1500 ℃, detecting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid through a photoelectric direct-reading spectrometer, weighing carburant and ferrosilicon, adding the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and adjusting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid to the required mass percentage range;
step two: uniformly placing a low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer into a nodulizing ladle, pounding, compacting, covering with an inoculating alloy with granularity of 3mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.2% of the total weight of ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid in a furnace to 1450 ℃, pouring the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid into the nodulizing ladle for nodulizing, weighing the inoculant in the ladle, adding the inoculant into the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid ladle, and performing primary inoculation;
step three: deslagging the spheroidized ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, then spreading a heat preservation agent through a riser, casting and casting, adding an inoculant once in the casting process, then covering an inoculating alloy with the granularity of 0.2mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.1% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and performing secondary inoculation treatment to obtain the ferrite nodular cast iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the ferrite nodular cast iron obtained in the step three comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: carbon: 3.30%, silicon: 3.55%, manganese: 0.1%, phosphorus: 0.04%, sulfur: 0.01%, magnesium: 0.034%, rare earth: 0.01% and the balance of iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the primary inoculant in the third step and the ladle inoculant in the second step are both silicon-calcium-barium series, and the main components in percentage by weight are Si:45%, ca:0.6%, ba:1.9% and the balance of iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the adding amount of the low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 1.15 percent of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
In a preferred embodiment: in the first step, the proportion of the pig iron, the scrap steel and the ferrite matrix furnace return materials is 30 weight percent: 20wt%:20wt%.
In a preferred embodiment: the granularity of the low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 25mm, and the main components in percentage by weight comprise Mg:6%, RE:0.2%, si:45%, the balance being iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the total addition amount of the inoculated alloy is 0.8 percent of that of the ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron liquid alloy.
In a preferred embodiment: the dosage of the primary inoculant is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
In a preferred embodiment: the dosage of the inoculant in the ladle is 0.3 percent of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
Example 2:
unlike the embodiment 1, the invention provides a preparation method of silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power castings, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: carbon: 3.50%, silicon: 3.85%, manganese: 0.20%, phosphorus: 0.05%, sulfur: 0.02%, magnesium: 0.055 percent of rare earth: 0.02% and the balance of iron.
Example 3:
different from the embodiment 1-2, the preparation method of the silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for the wind power casting provided by the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: carbon: 3.35%, silicon: 3.58%, manganese: 0.15%, phosphorus: 0.45%, sulfur: 0.15 percent of magnesium: 0.045%, rare earth: 0.01% and the balance of iron.
Example 4:
the invention provides a preparation method of silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power castings, which comprises the following specific preparation steps:
step one: weighing pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns, adding the pig iron, the scrap steel and the ferrite matrix furnace returns into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, completely melting the pig iron, the ferrite matrix furnace returns to obtain ferrite ductile iron liquid, and heating the ferrite ductile iron liquid to 1500 ℃;
step two: uniformly placing a low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer into a nodulizing ladle, pounding, compacting, covering with an inoculating alloy with granularity of 3mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.2% of the total weight of ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid in a furnace to 1450 ℃, pouring the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid into the nodulizing ladle for nodulizing, weighing the inoculant in the ladle, adding the inoculant into the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid ladle, and performing primary inoculation;
step three: deslagging the spheroidized ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, then spreading a heat preservation agent through a riser, casting and casting, adding an inoculant once in the casting process, then covering an inoculating alloy with the granularity of 0.2mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.1% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and performing secondary inoculation treatment to obtain the ferrite nodular cast iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the ferrite nodular cast iron obtained in the step three comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: carbon: 3.30%, silicon: 3.55%, manganese: 0.1%, phosphorus: 0.04%, sulfur: 0.01%, magnesium: 0.034%, rare earth: 0.01% and the balance of iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the primary inoculant in the third step and the ladle inoculant in the second step are both silicon-calcium-barium series, and the main components in percentage by weight are Si:45%, ca:0.6%, ba:1.9% and the balance of iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the adding amount of the low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 1.15 percent of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
In a preferred embodiment: in the first step, the proportion of the pig iron, the scrap steel and the ferrite matrix furnace return materials is 30 weight percent: 20wt%:20wt%.
In a preferred embodiment: the granularity of the low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 25mm, and the main components in percentage by weight comprise Mg:6%, RE:0.2%, si:45%, the balance being iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the total addition amount of the inoculated alloy is 0.8 percent of that of the ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron liquid alloy.
In a preferred embodiment: the dosage of the primary inoculant is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
In a preferred embodiment: the dosage of the inoculant in the ladle is 0.3 percent of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
Example 5:
the invention provides a preparation method of silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power castings, which comprises the following specific preparation steps:
step one: weighing pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns, adding the pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, completely melting to obtain ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating to 1500 ℃, detecting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid through a photoelectric direct-reading spectrometer, weighing carburant and ferrosilicon, adding the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and adjusting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid to the required mass percentage range;
step two: deslagging the spheroidized ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, then spreading a heat preservation agent through a riser, and then casting and casting to obtain ferrite nodular cast iron.
In a preferred embodiment: the ferrite nodular cast iron obtained in the second step comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: carbon: 3.30%, silicon: 3.55%, manganese: 0.1%, phosphorus: 0.04%, sulfur: 0.01%, magnesium: 0.034%, rare earth: 0.01% and the balance of iron.
Comparative example:
the invention provides silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power castings, which comprises 30% of pig iron, 20% of scrap steel and 20% of ferrite matrix furnace return material.
In a preferred embodiment: the proportion of the pig iron, the scrap steel and the ferrite matrix furnace returns is 30 weight percent: 20wt%:20wt%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for the wind power casting, which comprises the following specific preparation steps:
step one: charging pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, and fully melting to obtain molten steel, and heating to 1500 ℃.
Step two: casting and molding to obtain the spheroidal graphite cast iron.
The sources of the raw materials in the above examples and comparative examples are: the heat insulating agent is produced by Zhengyang foundry materials, xinmi city, model FGJ-006, the carburant is produced by Hebei Heng Guang mineral products, model 01-3 mm, the primary inoculant is produced by Henan Xin dish silicon industry, model SiBa, the ladle inoculant is produced by Anyang Zhengde Metallurgical Co, and the brand is Zhengde Metallurgical.
Taking the spheroidal graphite cast iron prepared in the above examples 1-5 as an experimental group 1, an experimental group 2, an experimental group 3, an experimental group 4 and an experimental group 5 respectively, selecting a silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite spheroidal graphite cast iron for wind power castings produced in a comparative example as a control group, performing yield strength, tensile strength, yield ratio, tensile rate and pearlite test on the selected spheroidal graphite cast iron, (according to a universal tensile tester, flaw detection and mechanical property detection and recording), measuring the yield strength of the spheroidal graphite cast iron according to GB/T232-2010, and detecting the tensile strength of the spheroidal graphite cast iron according to the detection standard of the GB/T16491-1996 electronic universal material tester, wherein the test results are shown in the table below:
list one
As is clear from the table, the ductile cast iron produced by the invention has higher yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio, the embodiment 4 is compared with the embodiment 1 without adding carburant and ferrosilicon, the pearlite and tensile strength are reduced, the embodiment 5 is compared with the embodiment 1 without carrying out multiple inoculation, the yield strength, tensile strength and yield ratio are reduced, the carburant 5 and ferrosilicon are added, the effects of carbon and silicon in the components can be fully exerted, the toughness of ferrite in the matrix is ensured, the high content silicon element is dissolved in ferrite, the strength is improved, a large amount of carburant in the molten iron generates a large amount of dispersed uniform heterogeneous crystallization cores in the molten iron in the synthetic cast iron ferrite ductile cast iron liquid, the supercooling degree of the molten iron is reduced, the graphite structure mainly comprising A-type graphite is promoted to be generated, the branching of A-type graphite sheets is not easy to develop and become fine and uniform, the machinability of castings is improved, the primary inoculant is added into the ferrite ductile cast iron liquid during the second inoculation, the crystal grain is formed by adding the primary inoculant into the ferrite ductile cast iron liquid, the crystal has the effect of forming graphite cores, the crystal grain size is obviously improved, the grain size is reduced, the grain size is obviously increased, the grain size is reduced, the grain size is further reduced, the grain size is increased, and the grain size is further reduced, and the grain size is equal to the grain size of the grain size is subjected to the grain size.
Finally: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of silicon solid solution reinforced ferrite nodular cast iron for wind power castings is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step one: weighing pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns, adding the pig iron, scrap steel and ferrite matrix furnace returns into an intermediate frequency induction furnace, completely melting to obtain ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating to 1500-2000 ℃, detecting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid through a photoelectric direct-reading spectrometer, weighing carburant and ferrosilicon, adding the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and adjusting the components of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid to the required mass percentage range;
step two: uniformly placing a low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer into a nodulizing ladle, pounding, compacting, covering with an inoculating alloy with the granularity of 0.5-6mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.2-0.6% of the total weight of ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, heating the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid in a furnace to 1430-1450 ℃, pouring the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid into the nodulizing ladle for nodulizing, weighing the inoculant in the ladle, adding the inoculant into the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid ladle, and performing primary inoculation;
step three: deslagging the spheroidized ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, then spreading a heat preservation agent through a riser, casting and casting, adding an inoculant once in the casting process, then covering an inoculating alloy with the granularity of 0.2-0.7 and mm, wherein the adding amount of the inoculating alloy is 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid, and performing second inoculation treatment to obtain ferrite nodular cast iron;
the adding amount of the low-rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 0.95-1.25% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid;
the granularity of the low rare earth magnesium alloy nodulizer in the second step is 4-32mm, and the main components in percentage by weight comprise Mg:5-7%, RE:0.10-0.40%, si:40-50%, and the balance being iron;
the total addition amount of the inoculated alloy is 0.7-0.8wt% of the ferritic nodular cast iron liquid alloy;
the primary inoculant in the third step and the ladle inoculant in the second step are both silicon-calcium-barium series, and the main components in percentage by weight are Si:40-50%, ca:0.4-0.8%, ba:1.2-2.2%, the balance being iron;
the dosage of the primary inoculant is 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid;
the dosage of the inoculant in the ladle is 0.2-0.4% of the total weight of the ferrite nodular cast iron liquid.
2. The method for preparing silicon solid solution reinforced ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron for wind power castings, according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the ferrite nodular cast iron obtained in the step three comprises the following element components in percentage by mass: carbon: 3.30-3.50%, silicon: 3.55-3.85%, manganese: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, phosphorus: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, sulfur: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, magnesium: 0.035-0.055%, rare earth: less than or equal to 0.02 percent, and the balance being iron.
3. The method for preparing silicon solid solution reinforced ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron for wind power castings, according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the proportion of the pig iron, the scrap steel and the ferrite matrix furnace returns is 30-50wt%:20-40wt%:20-40wt%.
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