CN115261710A - Preparation method of aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a molten aluminum corrosion resistant composite material, which takes steel, ferrochrome, ferroboron, ferromolybdenum and ferrosilicon which are mixed and smelted as a matrix, and takes superfine ceramic particles, reduced Fe powder and Si powder as raw materials of a preform. The preheated prefabricated body is fixed in a ceramic tube by adopting an extrusion casting method, then pouring and heat treatment are carried out, and the composite material after heat preservation is taken out and cut into a cylindrical shape. According to the method, the diffusion of Al element in a material composite region can be reduced through an extrusion casting process, the thickness of formed metal compounds is reduced, and the molten aluminum corrosion resistance of the composite material is further improved; compared with the previous research, the ceramic particles used in the invention are ultrafine powder, and the prepared composite material has the advantages of uniform distribution, high strength, less defect impurities, difficult cracking, excellent molten aluminum corrosion resistance, good wear resistance, low cost, good benefit and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing and application of composite materials, and particularly provides a preparation method of a composite material resistant to molten aluminum corrosion, which is widely applied to the transportation of molten aluminum in the fields of steel making, pipelines, crucibles, stirring heads, charging barrels, daily life and the like.
Background
The production and application of aluminum are very common in China, the production capacity and the consumption are listed as the first global level, and the application prospect is further expanded. In the industries of aluminum melting casting, hot dip aluminum plating, aluminum alloy composite material manufacturing and the like, important parts such as a crucible, a casting mold, a stirring head and the like often lose effectiveness rapidly due to the erosion of aluminum liquid, and cause the problems of aluminum liquid pollution, product quality reduction and the like, so that the improvement of the service life of the parts in contact with the aluminum liquid has important practical significance. In the current production process, the tool for stirring the aluminum liquid is usually prepared by using carbon steel or graphite with low manufacturing cost, both of which are industrialized, but the tool is directly contacted with the high-temperature aluminum liquid, so that the corrosion is serious, the burning loss is large, the service life of the stirring tool can be greatly shortened, and the aluminum liquid is easy to pollute. Chinese invention patent CN112760545A discloses a metal ceramic composite material, powder and coating thereof, sink roller which resists aluminum liquid corrosion, but the method utilizes wet ball milling and vacuum drying process, the preparation time is long and the forming is difficult; chinese patent CN111218599A discloses a TiB 2 The preparation method of the-WC-Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Ti aluminum liquid corrosion resistant metal ceramic integral material utilizes ball milling and discharge plasma sintering processes, has serious loss in the preparation process, high preparation cost, uses various ceramic powders and has complex forming process; the invention patent CN104593620A of China discloses a preparation and repair method of a rotor for aluminum liquid degassing resistant to aluminum liquid corrosion and abrasion, the invention improves the corrosion-abrasion resistance of the material by thermally spraying NiAl, niCrAl or NiCr coating on a high-strength heat-resistant steel matrix, but the preparation process of the method is complex, the coating and the matrix are difficult to avoid the existence of interface defects, the bonding strength is low, and the coating is easy to peel off under the action of aluminum liquid corrosion and abrasion; in the wholeIn the bulk material, fe-Cr-B alloy has excellent aluminum liquid corrosion resistance, but the ceramic particles have larger particle size, so that the wear resistance is not enough, and three-dimensional reticular Fe in the Fe-Cr-B alloy 2 B, the integrity of the material is cracked, so that the toughness of the material is poor, and the application of the material is limited; the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant metal ceramic material disclosed in Chinese patents (CN 103938046A and CN 103938051A) is a novel aluminum liquid corrosion resistant material for replacing the existing aluminum liquid stirring tool, but the preparation temperature is higher than 1000 ℃, the operation danger is difficult to control accurately, and the preparation cost is high.
From the current research, the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant materials such as titanium alloy, tungsten alloy and other metal materials and ceramics and metal/ceramic composite materials have good aluminum liquid corrosion resistance, but the titanium alloy and the tungsten alloy are expensive, and the ceramic materials have high brittleness, so that the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant materials are not suitable for being used as large and complex structural parts. Although the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of the steel is general and the service life is short, the steel material can still be widely applied to the aluminum industry due to high cost performance and certain protection after coating graphite and other coatings on the surface of the steel. Although the service life of steel parts is prolonged to a certain extent, the problem of poor aluminum liquid corrosion performance is still not solved essentially, once the surface layer is not compact or is broken, the steel substrate is easily exposed in the aluminum liquid and corroded by the aluminum liquid to be scrapped, the production can be maintained only by frequently replacing parts, the world environment becomes worse and worse, corrosive gas in the atmosphere is more and more, the corrosion degree of the material becomes stronger and stronger, and the common aluminum alloy material cannot meet the requirements of modern industry and production, so an improved technology is urgently needed to solve the technical defects, and meanwhile, a new material resisting aluminum liquid corrosion and high-temperature oxidation is urgently needed to be developed, and the requirement of industrial production application is met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material, which improves the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of a steel material, uses an enhanced composite material with uniformly distributed superfine ceramic particles, has fewer defects than the ceramic particle enhanced composite material with thicker particle size, and is not easy to crack. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing superfine ceramic particles, reduced Fe powder and Si powder according to the mass ratio of the ceramic particles, the reduced Fe powder and the Si powder (the purity is more than or equal to 99%) of 6 2 Air blow-drying), then taking out, preheating at 400-500 ℃ for 1 hour, and then cooling along with the furnace.
(2) Carrying out surface treatment on steel, and smelting the steel, ferrochromium, ferroboron and ferromolybdenum in a smelting furnace to obtain molten metal, wherein the molten metal comprises the following raw materials: 15-25% of ferrochrome, 2-6% of ferroboron, 3-8% of ferromolybdenum and the balance of steel; the surface treatment comprises the following steps: removing an oxide layer, rusts, grease and the like on the surface, polishing corners of steel, and removing burrs to ensure the smoothness and flatness of the whole material; the thickness of the steel is preferably 2mm-4mm, and the steel is too large to be easily smelted.
(3) And (2) placing the preform obtained in the step (1) in a ceramic tube for fixing, pouring molten metal, then placing the preform on an extruder for extrusion forming, keeping the temperature for 15-20 minutes, and then taking out the preform in an air cooling mode.
(4) Heating and heat preservation treatment of the composite material: and (2) placing the composite material in a box furnace for heat treatment, wherein the first heating temperature is 400-500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 min, the second heating temperature is 600-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 50-60 min, the third heating temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then air cooling is carried out, then the composite material is heated to 550-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then furnace cooling is carried out, and the redundant part is cut off to obtain the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material.
Preferably, the water glass in the step (2) of the invention has a particle size of 5 to 8 μm and a binder modulus of 3 to 4.
Preferably, the melting temperature in step (2) of the present invention is 1520 ℃ to 1620 ℃.
Preferably, the extrusion molding in the step (3) of the present invention has a pressure of 75 to 100MPa and a temperature of 350 to 450 ℃.
Preferably, in step (2) of the present invention, the steel is Q235 steel, the ferrochrome is fecr65c2.0, the ferroboron is feb18c0.1, and the ferromolybdenum is FeMo60-C.
The obtained prefabricated body is placed in a ceramic tube to be fixed in the step (2) of the invention, the purpose of fixing is to ensure that the prefabricated body can be stable when molten metal is poured, the method belongs to the conventional technology in the field, generally, some substances such as sand, brown fused alumina and the like are filled at the bottom for fixing, and a complete sample can be obtained by cutting off the filled part after pouring.
The invention is characterized in that the superfine ceramic particles/Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material is manufactured by extrusion casting, the powder of the ceramic particles of the prefabricated body is superfine powder, and the modulus number of the binder is 3-4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method can reduce the diffusion of Al element in the composite region of the material through the extrusion casting process, reduce the thickness formed by metal compounds and further improve the molten aluminum corrosion resistance of the composite material.
(2) According to the composite material, due to the addition of the Cr and B elements, the diffusion of the Al element is prevented, and the corrosion effect is reduced, so that the overall performance of the material is improved.
(3) The casting process is simple, is superior to the traditional metallurgical preparation method, can produce large parts, and has low production cost and high efficiency; compared with the previous research, the ceramic particles used by the invention are ultrafine powder, and the prepared composite material has the advantages of uniform distribution, high strength, few defects, difficult cracking, excellent molten aluminum corrosion resistance, good wear resistance and long service life.
(4) The metal-based composite material prepared by the extrusion casting process improves the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of the material, improves the high temperature corrosion resistance of the material by controlling the content of the ceramic particles and the micro powder, has very good corrosion resistance, simple preparation method, less material consumption, high efficiency and excellent comprehensive mechanical property, can be used for manufacturing large parts and mass production, and is superior to the material appearing in the literature data.
(5) Compared with the common heat treatment, the sectional heating selected by the method can improve the comprehensive mechanical property of the composite material, ensure that the material is deformed and cracked due to overhigh heating temperature, reduce the generation of defects and reasonably and effectively process samples, thereby optimizing the mechanical property and the molten aluminum corrosion resistance of the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a composite material prepared in example 1;
fig. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of the composite material prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a molten aluminum corrosion resistant Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite matrix material: performing surface treatment on Q235 steel to prepare FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, feB18C0.1 ferroboron and FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum; putting the prepared material into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal, controlling the smelting temperature to be 1600-1650 ℃, wherein the raw materials comprise: 20 percent of FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, 3 percent of FeB18C0.1 ferroboron, 4 percent of FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum and the balance of Q235 steel; the thickness of the Q235 steel is 4mm.
(2) Preparation and preheating of the preform: preparing superfine ceramic particles, reduced Fe powder and 99% of Si powder according to the mass ratio of the ceramic particles, the reduced Fe powder and the 99% purity Si powder being 6Mixing Si powder with purity, binding with water glass binder, loading into cylindrical mold, and adding CO 2 And (4) drying the gas, taking out, putting the prefabricated body in a box-type furnace, preheating at 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for one hour, and then turning off a power supply to cool along with the furnace.
(3) Extrusion casting: and (3) fixing the preform obtained in the step (2) in a ceramic tube, pouring molten metal, then placing the ceramic tube on an extruder for extrusion forming, wherein the extrusion pressure is 90MPa, the extrusion temperature is 400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 15 minutes, and then taking out the ceramic tube in an air cooling mode.
(4) Heating and heat preservation treatment of the composite material: and (3) placing the composite material in a box furnace for segmented heat treatment, wherein the first-stage heating temperature is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, the second-stage heating temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 55min, the third-stage heating temperature is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then air cooling is carried out, then heating is carried out to 580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then furnace cooling is carried out, and redundant parts are cut off to obtain the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material.
The superfine ceramic particle/Fe-Cr-B alloy composite round bar prepared in the embodiment is subjected to molten aluminum ablation treatment: taking out the composite material after heat preservation, and cutting the composite material into a cylindrical sample with the diameter of phi 15mm multiplied by 20 mm; polishing the surface of a sample by using sand paper, then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone or ethanol, measuring the size of the sample by using a digital display vernier caliper (the precision is 0.01 mm) after drying, and weighing the mass of different samples on an electronic analytical balance with the precision of 0.1mg before a corrosion test; in order to ensure that only one surface of a sample in pure aluminum liquid is subjected to a corrosion test, firstly, the sample is placed in a graphite mold which is manufactured in advance, and then, the sample is taken out and cooled in the air after standing for 4 to 8 hours in the molten pure aluminum liquid at the temperature of 800 ℃; the solid aluminum adhered to the sample was removed with 10wt.% Na OH solution, and after washing and drying, the mass of the sample after ablation was weighed.
According to the corrosion resistance test, the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of the composite material is 5 to 6 times that of the matrix alloy, and the corrosion weight loss rate is reduced by about 82 percent; the composite material has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, simple preparation process and low cost, can be used for producing large parts and mass production, has excellent aluminum liquid corrosion resistance and outstanding wear resistance and mechanical property.
FIG. 1 is a gold phase diagram of the Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material prepared in this example, wherein (a) and (B) are TiC/Fe-Cr-B alloy composite materials, and it can be seen from the diagram that TiC particles are well compounded with the alloy material, are uniformly distributed, and have no defects.
Example 2
A preparation method of a Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material resistant to molten aluminum corrosion specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite matrix material: performing surface treatment on Q235 steel to prepare FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, feB18C0.1 ferroboron and FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum; putting the prepared material into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal, controlling the smelting temperature to be 1600-1650 ℃, wherein the raw materials comprise: 25% of FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, 5% of FeB18C0.1 ferroboron, 5% of FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum and the balance of Q235 steel by mass percent; the thickness of the Q235 steel is 3mm.
(2) Preparation and preheating of the preform: preparing superfine ceramic particles, reduced Fe powder and 99% purity Si powder according to the mass ratio of the ceramic particles, the reduced Fe powder and the 99% purity Si powder being 6 2 And (4) drying the gas, taking out, preheating the prefabricated body in a box-type furnace at 400 ℃, keeping the temperature for one hour, and then turning off a power supply to cool along with the furnace.
(3) Extrusion casting: and (3) fixing the preform obtained in the step (2) in a ceramic tube, pouring molten metal, then placing the ceramic tube on an extruder for extrusion forming, wherein the extrusion pressure is 100MPa, the extrusion temperature is 400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20 minutes, and then taking out the ceramic tube in an air cooling mode.
(4) Heating and heat preservation treatment of the composite material: and (3) placing the composite material in a box furnace for segmented heat treatment, wherein the first-stage heating temperature is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, the second-stage heating temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 55min, the third-stage heating temperature is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then air cooling is carried out, then heating is carried out to 580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then furnace cooling is carried out, and redundant parts are cut off to obtain the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material.
The superfine ceramic particles/Fe-Cr-B alloy composite round bar prepared in the embodiment is subjected to molten aluminum corrosion treatment: taking out the composite material after heat preservation, and cutting the composite material into a cylindrical sample with the diameter of phi 20mm multiplied by 30 mm; the surface of a sample is polished by sand paper, then ultrasonic cleaning is carried out by acetone or ethanol, the size of the sample is measured by a digital display vernier caliper (the precision is 0.01 mm) after drying, and the mass of different samples is weighed on an electronic analytical balance with the precision of 0.1mg before corrosion test; to ensure that only one surface of a sample in the pure aluminum liquid is subjected to a corrosion test, the sample is firstly placed in a graphite mold which is manufactured in advance, then the sample is taken out and cooled in the air after being stood for 8 to 12 hours in the molten pure aluminum liquid at the temperature of 800 ℃. The solid aluminum adhered to the sample was removed with 10wt.% Na OH solution, and after cleaning and drying, the mass of the sample after ablation was weighed.
According to the corrosion performance test, the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of the composite material is 4.5 to 5.5 times of that of the matrix alloy, and the corrosion weight loss rate is reduced by about 80 percent compared with that of the matrix alloy; the stirring rod made of the composite material has the advantages of wide application range, low manufacturing cost, high benefit and remarkable corrosion resistance.
Example 3
A preparation method of a Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material resistant to molten aluminum corrosion specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite matrix material: performing surface treatment on Q235 steel to prepare FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, feB18C0.1 ferroboron and FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum; putting the prepared material into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal, controlling the smelting temperature to be 1600-1650 ℃, wherein the raw materials comprise: the mass percent of FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome is 18 percent, feB18C0.1 ferroboron is 4 percent, feMo60-C ferromolybdenum is 6 percent, and the balance is Q235 steel; the thickness of the Q235 steel is 2mm.
(2) Preparation and preheating of the preform: preparing superfine ceramic particles, reduced Fe powder and 99% purity Si powder according to the mass ratio of the ceramic particles, the reduced Fe powder and the 99% purity Si powder being 6 2 And (4) drying the gas, taking out, preheating the prefabricated body in a box-type furnace at 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for one hour, and then turning off a power supply to cool along with the furnace.
(3) Extrusion casting: and (3) fixing the preform obtained in the step (2) in a ceramic tube, pouring molten metal, then placing the ceramic tube on an extruder for extrusion forming, wherein the extrusion pressure is 75Mpa, the extrusion temperature is 400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, and then taking out the ceramic tube in an air cooling mode.
(4) Heating and heat preservation treatment of the composite material: and (3) placing the composite material in a box furnace for segmented heat treatment, wherein the first-stage heating temperature is 450 ℃, the heat preservation time is 25min, the second-stage heating temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, the third-stage heating temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then air cooling is carried out, then heating is carried out to 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then furnace cooling is carried out, and redundant parts are cut off to obtain the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material.
The superfine ceramic particle/Fe-Cr-B alloy composite round bar prepared in the embodiment is subjected to molten aluminum ablation treatment: taking out the composite material after heat preservation, wherein the standard of the composite material processing sample is phi 15mm multiplied by 25mm; polishing the surface of a sample by using sand paper, then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone or ethanol, measuring the size of the sample by using a digital display vernier caliper (the precision is 0.01 mm) after drying, and weighing the mass of different samples on an electronic analytical balance with the precision of 0.1mg before a corrosion test; in order to ensure that only one surface of a sample in the pure aluminum liquid is subjected to a corrosion experiment, firstly, the sample is placed in a graphite mold which is manufactured in advance, and then, the sample is taken out and cooled in the air after standing for 12 to 24 hours in the molten pure aluminum liquid at the temperature of 800 ℃; the solid aluminum adhered to the sample was removed with 10wt.% Na OH solution, and after washing and drying, the mass of the sample after ablation was weighed.
According to the corrosion performance test, the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of the composite material is 6.8 to 7.5 times that of the matrix alloy, and the corrosion weight loss rate is reduced by about 86 percent compared with the matrix alloy; the composite material has the advantages of simple preparation process, low cost, wide application range, excellent aluminum liquid corrosion resistance, and outstanding wear resistance and mechanical property.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the gold phase of the Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material prepared in this example, wherein (a) and (B) are TiC/Fe-Cr-B alloy composite materials, it can be seen from the diagram that TiC particles are well compounded with the alloy material, are uniformly distributed, and have no defects, and the interface layer is significantly higher than the matrix, forming a special network structure, which plays a role of protecting the matrix.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a molten aluminum corrosion resistant Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of composite matrix material: performing surface treatment on Q235 steel to prepare FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, feB18C0.1 ferroboron and FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum; putting the prepared material into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal, controlling the smelting temperature to be 1600-1650 ℃, wherein the raw materials comprise: the weight percentage of FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome is 18%, feB18C0.1 ferroboron is 4%, feMo60-C ferromolybdenum is 6%, and the balance is Q235 steel; the thickness of the Q235 steel is 4mm.
(2) Preparation and preheating of a preform: preparing ultrafine ceramic particles, reduced Fe powder and 99% purity Si powder according to the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the reduced Fe powder to the 99% purity Si powder of 6 2 And (4) drying the gas, taking out, putting the prefabricated body in a box-type furnace, preheating at 450 ℃, keeping the temperature for one hour, and then turning off a power supply to cool along with the furnace.
(3) Gravity (atmospheric) casting: and (3) placing the prefabricated body obtained in the step (2) in a ceramic tube for fixing, pouring molten metal, then pouring the molten metal into a Y-shaped sand mold, preserving heat, and then cooling in air and taking out.
(4) Heating and heat preservation treatment of the composite material: and (3) placing the composite material in a box furnace for heat treatment, wherein the first heating temperature is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, the second heating temperature is 800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 55min, the third heating temperature is 900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then air cooling is carried out, then heating is carried out to 580 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then furnace cooling is carried out, and the redundant part is cut off to obtain the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material.
Carrying out molten aluminum ablation treatment on the ceramic particle/Fe-Cr-B alloy composite material round rod prepared in the embodiment: taking out the composite material after heat preservation, and cutting the composite material into a cylindrical sample with the diameter of phi 15mm multiplied by 25mm; polishing the surface of a sample by using sand paper, then performing ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone or ethanol, measuring the size of the sample by using a digital display vernier caliper (the precision is 0.01 mm) after drying, and weighing the mass of different samples on an electronic analytical balance with the precision of 0.1mg before a corrosion test; in order to ensure that only one surface of a sample in the pure aluminum liquid is subjected to a corrosion test, firstly, the sample is placed in a graphite mold which is manufactured in advance, and then the sample is taken out and cooled in the air after being stood for 12 to 24 hours in the molten pure aluminum liquid at 800 ℃; the solid aluminum adhered to the sample was removed with 10wt.% Na OH solution, and after washing and drying, the mass of the sample after ablation was weighed.
According to the corrosion performance test, the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of the composite material is measured to be 2.5 to 3.5 times that of the common iron-based material, and the corrosion weight loss rate is about 2.5 percent; the stirring rod made of the composite material has a wide application range, can be used for producing parts in large batch, but has poor economic benefit and general melt corrosion resistance.
The comparison with the embodiment shows that the aluminum liquid corrosion resistance of the composite material prepared by the extrusion casting technology is obviously superior to that of the common ceramic particle/alloy composite material obtained by gravity casting. 1. The preparation process is relatively simple, the process flow is short, the cost is low, and the economic benefit is outstanding; 2. the method has the advantages of small gaps among particles, better uniformity, more contribution to material compounding, reduction of defects, guarantee of mechanical properties of the material, and further improvement of the erosion resistance of the composite material.
Comparative example 2
(1) Preparation of composite matrix material: performing surface treatment on Q235 steel to prepare FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, feB18C0.1 ferroboron and FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum; putting the prepared material into a smelting furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal, controlling the smelting temperature to be 1600-1650 ℃, wherein the raw materials comprise: 20 percent of FeCr65C2.0 ferrochrome, 3 percent of FeB18C0.1 ferroboron, 4 percent of FeMo60-C ferromolybdenum and the balance of Q235 steel; the thickness of the Q235 steel is 4mm.
(2) The specific process for preparing the composite material by powder metallurgy comprises the following steps:
the conventional process flow for preparing the ceramic steel composite material by the powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps: the powder was mixed for about 24 hours, the mixed powder was pressed into a compact under about 200MPa, and the billet was gradually heated from room temperature to about 1400 ℃ or higher, dewaxed, densified and sintered for about 30 hours.
The ceramic steel composite material prepared by powder metallurgy has uniform structure and higher performance, and the aluminum corrosion rate of the ceramic steel composite material is reduced by about 76 percent compared with that of a matrix alloy.
Compared with the conventional powder metallurgy method, the technology for preparing the same composite material (the heat treatment process is the same) has the advantages that the extrusion casting time is only about 1 hour, and the powder metallurgy sintering needs about 30 hours of heat preservation, so the production efficiency of the technology is greatly improved; meanwhile, the technology can also prepare complex formed products, which is difficult in powder metallurgy. The two processes are basically the same in terms of the conditions of the molten aluminum erosion rate method.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical spirit and features of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Weighing ceramic particles, reduced Fe powder and Si powder according to the mass ratio of the ceramic particles to the reduced Fe powder to the Si powder of 6;
(2) Carrying out surface treatment on steel, and smelting the steel, ferrochromium, ferroboron and ferromolybdenum in a smelting furnace to obtain molten metal, wherein the molten metal comprises the following raw materials: 15-25% of ferrochrome, 2-6% of ferroboron, 3-8% of ferromolybdenum and the balance of steel;
(3) Fixing the preform obtained in the step (1) in a ceramic tube, pouring molten metal, then placing the ceramic tube on an extruder for extrusion forming, preserving heat for 15-20 minutes, and then taking out the ceramic tube by air cooling;
(4) Heating and heat preservation treatment of the composite material: and (2) placing the composite material in a box furnace for heat treatment, wherein the first-stage heating temperature is 400-500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-30 min, the second-stage heating temperature is 600-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is 50-60 min, the third-stage heating temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 60min, then air cooling is carried out, then heating is carried out to 550-600 ℃, furnace cooling is carried out after the heat preservation time is 60min, and redundant parts are cut off to obtain the aluminum liquid corrosion resistant composite material.
2. The method for preparing the aluminum liquid erosion resistant composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (2) water glass with the particle size of the ceramic particle powder in the step (1) being 5-8 mu m and the modulus of the binder being 3-4.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum liquid erosion resistant composite material according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the drying process in the step (1) comprises the following steps: with CO 2 And (5) drying the air.
4. The preparation method of the aluminum liquid erosion resistant composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the steel is Q235 steel, the ferrochrome is FeCr65C2.0, the ferroboron is FeB18C0.1, and the ferromolybdenum is FeMo60-C.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum liquid erosion resistant composite material according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the smelting temperature in the step (2) is 1520 ℃ to 1620 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum liquid erosion resistant composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: the pressure of the extrusion molding in the step (3) is 75 to 100Mpa, and the temperature is 350 to 450 ℃.
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| JPH0693379A (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-04-05 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Erosion-corrosion resistant material against aluminum |
| JPH1034311A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-10 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Member for molten metal and manufacture thereof |
| CN104073706A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-01 | 南京工程学院 | Method for preparing iron-based composite material capable of resisting corrosion-wear of high-temperature molten aluminium |
| EP3034640A1 (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2016-06-22 | ZPF GmbH | Composite material made of metal and ceramic, method for manufacturing a composite of metal and ceramic, and use of a compound material for components in direct contact with aluminium melting |
| CN111235482A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-06-05 | 华南理工大学 | High-temperature aluminum liquid corrosion-abrasion resistant high-boron cast steel material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111321355A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | High-temperature-resistant aluminum liquid ablation-resistant powder metallurgy high-boron iron-based material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0693379A (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-04-05 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | Erosion-corrosion resistant material against aluminum |
| JPH1034311A (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-10 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Member for molten metal and manufacture thereof |
| CN104073706A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-01 | 南京工程学院 | Method for preparing iron-based composite material capable of resisting corrosion-wear of high-temperature molten aluminium |
| EP3034640A1 (en) * | 2014-12-20 | 2016-06-22 | ZPF GmbH | Composite material made of metal and ceramic, method for manufacturing a composite of metal and ceramic, and use of a compound material for components in direct contact with aluminium melting |
| CN111235482A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-06-05 | 华南理工大学 | High-temperature aluminum liquid corrosion-abrasion resistant high-boron cast steel material and preparation method thereof |
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