CN114871382A - A kind of preparation method of micropowder-coated hexagonal ZTA/Fe composite material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of micropowder-coated hexagonal ZTA/Fe composite material Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 NiCrBSi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical group [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010114 lost-foam casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002593 Fe-Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
- B22C7/023—Patterns made from expanded plastic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/14—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product the objects being filamentary or particulate in form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微粉包覆六棱柱形ZTA/Fe复合材料制备方法,属于机械零件铸造技术领域,包括以下工艺步骤:将EPS泡沫板进行切割、粘接后得到六棱柱形消失模模型;将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合均匀;在上述混合材料中加入ZTA陶瓷颗粒混合均匀;将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物放入预先制备好的六棱柱形消失模模型中并进行烘干得到六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型;在六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型上面黏结一层EPS模样;在上述模型表面涂抹耐火涂料,放入砂箱抽负压,浇入的高铬铸铁金属液沿浇注系统进行浇注,冷却得到陶瓷微粉包覆的六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料。
The invention discloses a preparation method of a micropowder-coated hexagonal prism-shaped ZTA/Fe composite material, belonging to the technical field of mechanical parts casting, and comprising the following process steps: cutting and bonding EPS foam boards to obtain a hexagonal prism-shaped lost foam model; Mix the ceramic micropowder + binder evenly; add ZTA ceramic particles to the above mixed material and mix evenly; put the mixture of ceramic micropowder + binder + ZTA ceramic into a pre-prepared hexagonal prismatic lost foam model and dry it to obtain The lost foam model of the hexagonal honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite preform; a layer of EPS pattern is bonded on the hexagonal honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite preform lost foam model; refractory coating is applied on the surface of the above model, and sand is placed The box is pumped under negative pressure, and the poured high-chromium cast iron metal liquid is poured along the pouring system, and cooled to obtain a hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material coated with ceramic fine powder.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及机械零件铸造技术领域,尤其涉及一种微粉包覆六棱柱形ZTA/Fe复合材料制备方法。The invention relates to the technical field of casting of mechanical parts, in particular to a preparation method of a micropowder-coated hexagonal prism-shaped ZTA/Fe composite material.
背景技术Background technique
断裂、腐蚀、磨损是材料与装备三大主要失效方式,材料与装备在服役过程中不可避免的磨损现象造成了严重的耗材耗能。耐磨损金属材料在煤矿、冶金、电力、建筑、国防、交通等许多重要工业领域有很大的需求量,在这些行业的金属耐磨件的用材很大一部分为高铬铸铁。耐磨损金属件的工况特点主要表现为承受复杂应力以及强烈的摩擦和冲击,服役条件十分恶劣,严峻的使用工况造成了极大的材料损耗,据国家相关部门分析和计算,因摩擦磨损造成的能源损耗约占能源损耗总量的30%~50%,我国每年因摩擦磨损耗损的金属材料高达500万t,引起经济损失超过800亿元,占国民生产总值的2%左右,且还以每年15%的速度在增长,所以研制更高性能的耐磨材料,提高耐磨件的使用寿命对减少能源和矿材的损耗,稳定国民经济的长期发展起重大贡献。Fracture, corrosion and wear are the three main failure modes of materials and equipment. The inevitable wear and tear of materials and equipment during service has caused serious energy consumption of consumables. Wear-resistant metal materials are in great demand in many important industrial fields such as coal mining, metallurgy, electric power, construction, national defense, and transportation. A large part of the metal wear-resistant parts in these industries is high-chromium cast iron. The working conditions of wear-resistant metal parts are mainly characterized by complex stress and strong friction and impact. The service conditions are very harsh, and the severe working conditions have caused great material loss. According to the analysis and calculation of relevant national departments, due to friction The energy loss caused by wear and tear accounts for about 30% to 50% of the total energy loss. The metal materials lost due to friction and wear in my country each year are as high as 5 million tons, causing economic losses of more than 80 billion yuan, accounting for about 2% of the gross national product. And it is also growing at an annual rate of 15%, so the development of higher-performance wear-resistant materials and the improvement of the service life of wear-resistant parts make a significant contribution to reducing the loss of energy and minerals and stabilizing the long-term development of the national economy.
针对不同的工况条件,国内外学者、企业对颗粒增强钢铁基耐磨复合材料已经进行了大量的研究,Schlenther E等人采用真空烧结的方法制备Al2O3颗粒增强316L不锈钢基复合材料,结果表明Al2O3颗粒的存在并不影响复合材料耐腐蚀性,耐腐蚀主要与钢基体有关。According to different working conditions, domestic and foreign scholars and enterprises have carried out a lot of research on particle-reinforced steel-based wear-resistant composite materials. Schlenther E et al. prepared Al 2 O 3 particle-reinforced 316L stainless steel-based composite materials by vacuum sintering. The results show that the presence of Al 2 O 3 particles does not affect the corrosion resistance of the composites, and the corrosion resistance is mainly related to the steel matrix.
一些学者将ZTA陶瓷颗粒与自制粘结剂均匀混合,制得ZTA陶瓷预制体,采用无压铸渗方法与金属液进行复合,获得体积分数为47%~55%的ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强钢铁基复合材料,复合材料的耐磨性比较金属基体有大幅度提高。Some scholars uniformly mix ZTA ceramic particles with self-made binders to obtain ZTA ceramic preforms, which are compounded with molten metal by means of non-die casting infiltration to obtain ZTA ceramic particles reinforced steel matrix composites with a volume fraction of 47% to 55%. , the wear resistance of the composite material is greatly improved compared with the metal matrix.
现有技术中有将ZTA制备陶瓷进行改性处理,再将改性处理后的ZTA陶瓷颗粒加入型腔为圆片形状的模具中,压制成形后脱模,并在通氩气保护的管式炉中加热烘干,制得陶瓷预制体,该技术需要对ZTA进行表面改性后进行烧结,工序较为繁琐,成本高。In the prior art, the ZTA ceramics are prepared for modification treatment, and the modified ZTA ceramic particles are added to a mold with a disc-shaped cavity. The ceramic preform is prepared by heating and drying in a furnace. This technology requires ZTA to be surface-modified and then sintered. The process is cumbersome and the cost is high.
还有将多种金属粉混合,如Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti微粉包覆ZTA制备陶瓷预制体,该技术是选取纯的Fe、Cr、Ni、Ti单质粉与ZTA陶瓷混合后放入模具中,通过紧固模具将预制体定形和压实,持续通入CO2气体进行固化,然后烘干脱模即得目标产物Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti微粉包覆下蜂窝状ZTA陶瓷预制体。There are also a variety of metal powders mixed, such as Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti powder coated ZTA to prepare ceramic preforms. , the preform is shaped and compacted by tightening the mold, CO 2 gas is continuously introduced for solidification, and then dried and demolded to obtain the target product Fe-Cr-Ni-Ti fine powder-coated honeycomb ZTA ceramic preform.
现有技术中也有使用不同Ti含量的Fe-Ti黏结剂制备了多孔ZTA陶瓷颗粒预制体,之后将制备好的预制体放入消失模中,通过消失模铸造技术得到了复合材料,试样在三体磨料磨损检测中,含10wt%Ti黏结剂的复合材料耐磨性为高铬铸铁的3倍,含15wt%Ti黏结剂的复合材料耐磨性为高铬铸铁的2.4倍。In the prior art, porous ZTA ceramic particle preforms are also prepared by using Fe-Ti binders with different Ti contents, and then the prepared preforms are put into lost foam, and composite materials are obtained by lost foam casting technology. In the three-body abrasive wear test, the wear resistance of the composite containing 10wt% Ti binder is 3 times that of high chromium cast iron, and the wear resistance of the composite containing 15wt% Ti binder is 2.4 times that of high chromium cast iron.
综合上述,ZTA陶瓷具有良好的韧性,ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强钢铁基复合材料有很好的应用前景,但ZTA陶瓷颗粒与钢铁金属液间润湿性差,结合强度低,复合材料在磨损过程中容易出现颗粒脱落的现象,而且生产成本高,不适宜大批量生产。Based on the above, ZTA ceramics have good toughness, and ZTA ceramic particles reinforced steel matrix composites have good application prospects, but the wettability between ZTA ceramic particles and iron and steel liquid is poor, and the bonding strength is low. The phenomenon of particles falling off, and the production cost is high, which is not suitable for mass production.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有ZTA陶瓷钢铁材料预制体制备技术工艺复杂,ZTA颗粒与金属基体结合强度较低的问题,生产成本高、工艺繁琐的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种微粉包覆六棱柱形ZTA/Fe复合材料制备方法。Aiming at the problems of complex preparation technology of the existing ZTA ceramic steel material preform, low bonding strength of ZTA particles and metal matrix, high production cost and complicated process, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a micropowder-coated hexagonal prism-shaped ZTA /Fe composite material preparation method.
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention has adopted the following technical scheme:
一种微粉包覆六棱柱形ZTA/Fe复合材料制备方法,包括以下工艺步骤:A preparation method of a micropowder-coated hexagonal prism-shaped ZTA/Fe composite material, comprising the following process steps:
a、将EPS泡沫板进行切割、粘接后得到六棱柱形消失模模型;a. After cutting and bonding the EPS foam board, a hexagonal prismatic lost foam model is obtained;
b、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合均匀;b. Mix the ceramic micropowder + binder evenly;
c、在陶瓷微粉+黏结剂的混合物中加入ZTA陶瓷颗粒后混合均匀;c. Add ZTA ceramic particles to the mixture of ceramic micropowder + binder and mix them evenly;
d、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物放入预先制备好的六棱柱形消失模模型中并进行烘干得到六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA陶瓷预制体消失模模型;d. Put the mixture of ceramic micropowder+binder+ZTA ceramics into a pre-prepared hexagonal prismatic lost foam model and dry to obtain a hexagonal prismatic honeycomb ZTA ceramic preform lost foam model;
e、在ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型上面黏结一层EPS模样;e. Bond a layer of EPS pattern on the hexagonal prism honeycomb EPF model of ZTA ceramic preform;
f、将表层黏有EPS模样、内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型表面涂抹耐火涂料,放入砂箱抽负压,浇入的高铬铸铁金属液沿浇注系统进行浇注,冷却得到陶瓷微粉包覆的六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料。f. Apply refractory paint on the surface of the hexagonal honeycomb-shaped lost foam model with EPS pattern on the surface and ZTA ceramic preform inside, put it into the sand box to pump negative pressure, and pour the high chromium cast iron metal liquid along the pouring system. , and cooled to obtain a hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material coated with ceramic fine powder.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:步骤a中的EPS泡沫板,密度在22-25g/dm3,六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型的形状和尺寸可以根据零件需要进行调整,如六棱柱形的边长为10.4mm。The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the EPS foam board in step a has a density of 22-25g/dm 3 , and the shape and size of the hexagonal prismatic honeycomb lost foam model can be adjusted according to the needs of the parts, such as the hexagonal prismatic The side length is 10.4mm.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:步骤b中,陶瓷微粉的加入量占ZTA陶瓷质量的4-12%,黏结剂的加入量占ZTA质量的8-15%,黏结剂为硅酸钠无机黏结剂。The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is: in step b, the amount of ceramic micropowder added accounts for 4-12% of the mass of ZTA ceramics, the amount of binder added accounts for 8-15% of the mass of ZTA, and the binder is sodium silicate inorganic bonding agent agent.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:步骤b中的陶瓷微粉为Al2O3p、Al2O3f、TiC、Cr3C2、TiO2、TiNC、B4C、WC、SiC、Ni、Al、Co、Cr、NiCrBSi、MnO2中的一种或几种混合,陶瓷微粉的粒径为6.5-23μm,Al2O3f纤维尺寸为直径10-20um,长度0.3-0.7mm。The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is: the ceramic fine powder in step b is Al 2 O 3p , Al 2 O 3f , TiC, Cr 3 C 2 , TiO 2 , TiNC, B 4 C, WC, SiC, Ni, Al, One or more of Co, Cr, NiCrBSi and MnO 2 are mixed, the particle size of the ceramic micropowder is 6.5-23 μm, and the size of the Al 2 O 3f fiber is 10-20 μm in diameter and 0.3-0.7 mm in length.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:步骤b中陶瓷微粉和黏结剂混合条件为:120-200r/min中搅拌200-350s,步骤c中,陶瓷微粉+黏结剂ZTA+陶瓷颗粒混合条件为:120-200r/min中搅拌200-350s,充分保证ZTA陶瓷颗粒表面均匀涂覆陶瓷微粉。The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is: in step b, the mixing conditions of ceramic fine powder and binder are: stirring at 120-200 r/min for 200-350 s, and in step c, the mixing conditions of ceramic fine powder + binder ZTA + ceramic particles are: 120- Stir at 200r/min for 200-350s to fully ensure that the surface of ZTA ceramic particles is evenly coated with ceramic fine powder.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:步骤d中的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型烘干,烘干温度在50-60℃,烘干时间20-24h。A further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention lies in: drying the hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb lost foam model in step d, the drying temperature is 50-60° C., and the drying time is 20-24 h.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:步骤f中的耐火涂料的涂抹过程为:涂抹耐火涂料后,在50-60℃的烘干温度下进行烘干,并重复三次,每次烘干时间为7-8h。The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that: the smearing process of the refractory paint in step f is as follows: after applying the refractory paint, drying is carried out at a drying temperature of 50-60 ° C, and repeated three times, and each drying time is 7 -8h.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:浇注的高铬铸铁的化学成分及其质量百分比含量为C:2.8-3.2%,Si:0.6-1.0%,Mn:0.8-1.2%,Cr:25-27%,Mo:0.5-1.0%,Ni:0.3-0.6%。The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the chemical composition and mass percentage content of the cast high chromium cast iron are C: 2.8-3.2%, Si: 0.6-1.0%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 25-27% , Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni: 0.3-0.6%.
本发明技术方案的进一步改进在于:浇注过程在负压度为0.03~0.06MPa下进行,浇注温度为1470~1520℃。The further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention is that the pouring process is carried out at a negative pressure of 0.03-0.06MPa, and the pouring temperature is 1470-1520°C.
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明取得的技术效果如下:Owing to having adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the technical effect that the present invention obtains is as follows:
本申请采用EPS泡沫板进行切割、黏接六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型,六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型制备成本低,并不限于六棱柱形,可以适应任何复杂形状的形状制备,而且在ZTA/Fe复合材料生产过程中不用取出陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物,简便了生产工艺,提高了生产效率。The present application adopts EPS foam board for cutting and bonding the hexagonal prismatic honeycomb lost foam model. The hexagonal prismatic honeycomb lost foam model has low preparation cost, is not limited to the hexagonal prism, and can be prepared for any complex shape. In the production process of the ZTA/Fe composite material, it is not necessary to take out the mixture of ceramic fine powder + binder + ZTA ceramic, which simplifies the production process and improves the production efficiency.
在制备ZTA/Fe复合材料制备过程中,使用了六棱柱形多孔蜂窝孔型,增加了金属液与ZTA陶瓷预制体的接触面积,更有利于金属液对ZTA陶瓷预制体的浸渗,且由于陶瓷微粉的加入,大大提高了ZTA陶瓷和金属基体的结合强度及ZTA/Fe复合材料铸件的耐磨性。In the preparation process of ZTA/Fe composite material, the hexagonal prism-shaped porous honeycomb cell type is used, which increases the contact area between the molten metal and the ZTA ceramic preform, which is more conducive to the infiltration of the ZTA ceramic preform by the molten metal. The addition of ceramic micropowder greatly improves the bonding strength of ZTA ceramics and metal matrix and the wear resistance of ZTA/Fe composite castings.
本申请以高铬铸铁为金属基体,ZTA陶瓷颗粒为增强体,选择合适陶瓷微粉对ZTA陶瓷颗粒表面进行处理,将其制成具有六棱柱形蜂窝构型的陶瓷预制体,制备出ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁基蜂窝构型复合材料,获得反应型界面。为了解决ZTA陶瓷颗粒与高铬铸铁熔液间存在的界面结合强度低等问题,获得反应型界面,本专利在边长为8.7mm和10.4mm的正六棱形蜂窝状ZTA陶瓷颗粒预制体中加入Al2O3p、Al2O3f、TiC、Cr3C2、TiNC、B4C、WC、SiC、Ni、Al、Co、Cr、MnO2、NiCrBSi等活性陶瓷微粉,制备不同活性陶瓷微粉含量的ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁试块,利用SEM、EDS、XRD等微观检测手段,研究了不同陶瓷微粒种类、加入量对ZTA陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁复合材料界面层结构、物相的影响,得到一种高性能的、适合大批量生产的、微粉包覆六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料消失模铸造方法。In this application, high-chromium cast iron is used as the metal matrix, ZTA ceramic particles are used as the reinforcement, and suitable ceramic micropowder is selected to treat the surface of the ZTA ceramic particles, and then it is made into a ceramic preform with a hexagonal honeycomb configuration, and ZTA ceramic particles are prepared. Reinforced high-chromium cast iron-based honeycomb-structured composites to obtain reactive interfaces. In order to solve the problem of low interface bonding strength between ZTA ceramic particles and high-chromium cast iron melt, and obtain a reactive interface, this patent adds a regular hexagonal honeycomb ZTA ceramic particle preform with side lengths of 8.7mm and 10.4mm. Active ceramic micropowders such as Al 2 O 3p , Al 2 O 3f , TiC, Cr 3 C 2 , TiNC, B 4 C, WC, SiC, Ni, Al, Co, Cr, MnO 2 , NiCrBSi, etc., were prepared with different contents of active ceramic micropowders ZTA ceramic particles reinforced high-chromium cast iron test block, using SEM, EDS, XRD and other microscopic detection methods to study the effects of different types and additions of ceramic particles on the interface layer structure and phase of ZTA ceramic particle-reinforced high-chromium cast iron composites. A high-performance lost foam casting method suitable for mass production, hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material coated with micropowder is obtained.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为制备六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA预制体采用的消失模模型示意图;Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the lost foam model adopted to prepare the hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA preform;
图2为图1的剖视图;Fig. 2 is the sectional view of Fig. 1;
图3为实施例1中未加陶瓷微粉的试块宏观组织图;Fig. 3 is the macrostructure diagram of the test block without adding ceramic micropowder in Example 1;
图4为实施例1中未加陶瓷微粉的试块微观组织图;Fig. 4 is the microstructure diagram of the test block without adding ceramic micropowder in Example 1;
图5为实施例2中添加陶瓷微粉的试块宏观组织图;Fig. 5 is the macroscopic structure diagram of the test block adding ceramic micropowder in Example 2;
图6为实施例2中添加陶瓷微粉的复合材料试块EDS点扫描图;Fig. 6 is the EDS point scanning diagram of the composite material test block with ceramic micropowder added in Example 2;
图7为实施例2中添加陶瓷微粉的复合材料试块XRD检测结果图;Fig. 7 is the XRD detection result graph of the composite material test block added with ceramic micropowder in Example 2;
图8为实施例2中添加陶瓷微粉的复合材料试块磨损形貌图。FIG. 8 is a wear morphology diagram of the composite material test block added with ceramic micropowder in Example 2. FIG.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
a、将EPS泡沫板进行切割、粘接后得到六棱柱形消失模模型;a. After cutting and bonding the EPS foam board, a hexagonal prismatic lost foam model is obtained;
b、将黏结剂和ZTA陶瓷颗粒后混合均匀,黏结剂的加入量占ZTA质量的10%;黏结剂和ZTA陶瓷颗粒混合条件为:150r/min中搅拌300s;b. Mix the binder and ZTA ceramic particles evenly, and the addition amount of the binder accounts for 10% of the mass of ZTA; the mixing conditions of the binder and ZTA ceramic particles are: stirring at 150r/min for 300s;
c、将黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物放入预先制备好的六棱柱形消失模模型中并进行烘干,烘干温度在50℃,烘干时间22h;c. Put the mixture of binder+ZTA ceramics into the pre-prepared hexagonal prismatic lost foam model and dry it, the drying temperature is 50°C, and the drying time is 22h;
d、在含有黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷混合物的六棱柱形消失模模型上面黏结一层EPS模样;d. Bond a layer of EPS pattern on the hexagonal prismatic lost foam model containing the binder + ZTA ceramic mixture;
e、将表层黏有EPS模样,内部含有黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷混合物的六棱柱形消失模模型表面涂抹耐火涂料,涂抹耐火涂料后,在55℃的烘干温度下进行烘干,并重复三次,每次烘干时间为7h得到六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型;e. Apply the refractory paint on the surface of the hexagonal EPF model with the EPS pattern on the surface and the binder + ZTA ceramic mixture inside. After applying the refractory paint, dry it at a drying temperature of 55 °C and repeat it three times. Each drying time is 7h to obtain a hexagonal honeycomb lost foam model;
f、将内部含有黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷混合物的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型放入砂箱,和浇注系统组合进行组箱;f. Put the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model containing the binder + ZTA ceramic mixture inside into the sand box, and combine it with the pouring system to form the box;
g、负压浇注高铬铸铁金属液,浇入的高铬铸铁金属液沿浇注系统进行浇注,冷却得到六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料。g. The high-chromium cast iron metal liquid is poured under negative pressure, and the poured high-chromium cast iron metal liquid is poured along the pouring system, and the hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material is obtained by cooling.
浇注的高铬铸铁的化学成分及其质量百分比含量为C:2.8-3.2%,Si:0.6-1.0%,Mn:0.8-1.2%,Cr:25-27%,Mo:0.5-1.0%,Ni:0.3-0.6%。负压度为0.04MPa下进行,浇注温度为1480℃。The chemical composition and mass percentage content of the cast high chromium cast iron are C: 2.8-3.2%, Si: 0.6-1.0%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 25-27%, Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni : 0.3-0.6%. The negative pressure is 0.04MPa, and the pouring temperature is 1480℃.
从上述复合材料中切取试样,测定性能并观察其金相组织。获得的实验数据、宏观及微观组织如下:Samples were cut from the above composite materials, and their properties were measured and their metallographic structures were observed. The obtained experimental data, macroscopic and microstructures are as follows:
表1磨损试验参数Table 1 Wear test parameters
表2无陶瓷微粉复合材料试块耐磨数据Table 2 Wear-resisting data of non-ceramic micropowder composite test block
实施例1的宏观组织如图3所示;The macrostructure of Example 1 is shown in Figure 3;
实施例1的微观组织如图4所示。The microstructure of Example 1 is shown in FIG. 4 .
实施例2Example 2
a、将EPS泡沫板进行切割、粘接后得到六棱柱形消失模模型,如图1所示;a. After cutting and bonding the EPS foam board, a hexagonal prismatic lost foam model is obtained, as shown in Figure 1;
b、陶瓷微粉种类及其相对ZTA陶瓷颗粒质量占比为:B4C:2%,Al2O3p:2%,Al2O3f:1.5%,TiO2:1%,Ni:1%,Al:0.5%,Cr:0.5%,NiCrBSi:0.5%;b. The types of ceramic micropowders and their relative mass proportions of ZTA ceramic particles are: B 4 C: 2%, Al 2 O 3p : 2%, Al 2 O 3f : 1.5%, TiO 2 : 1%, Ni: 1%, Al: 0.5%, Cr: 0.5%, NiCrBSi: 0.5%;
c、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合均匀,陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;c. Mix the ceramic micropowder + binder evenly, and the mixing conditions of ceramic micropowder + binder are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
d、在陶瓷微粉+黏结剂的混合物中加入ZTA陶瓷颗粒后混合均匀,混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;d. Add ZTA ceramic particles to the mixture of ceramic micropowder + binder and mix them evenly. The mixing conditions are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
e、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物放入预先制备好的六棱柱形消失模模型中并进行烘干,烘干温度在55℃,烘干时间24h,得到六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型;e. Put the mixture of ceramic micropowder+binder+ZTA ceramics into the pre-prepared hexagonal prismatic lost foam model and dry it, the drying temperature is 55°C, and the drying time is 24h to obtain the hexagonal prismatic honeycomb ZTA /Fe composite material preform lost foam model;
f、在含有陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷混合物(以下简称ZTA陶瓷预制体)的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型上面黏结一层EPS模样;f. Bond a layer of EPS pattern on the hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb EPF model containing ceramic micropowder + binder + ZTA ceramic mixture (hereinafter referred to as ZTA ceramic preform);
g、将表层黏有EPS模样,内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型表面涂抹耐火涂料,涂抹耐火涂料后,在55℃的烘干温度下进行烘干,并重复三次,每次烘干时间为8h;g. Apply the refractory paint on the surface of the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model with the EPS pattern on the surface and the ZTA ceramic preform inside. After applying the refractory paint, dry it at a drying temperature of 55 °C and repeat it three times. Each drying time is 8h;
h、将内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型放入砂箱,和浇注系统组合进行组箱;h. Put the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model containing the ZTA ceramic preform inside into the sand box, and combine it with the pouring system to form the box;
i、负压浇注高铬铸铁金属液,浇入的高铬铸铁金属液沿浇注系统进行充型,冷却得到微粉包覆的六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料。i. Negative pressure pouring high-chromium cast iron molten metal, the poured high-chromium cast iron molten metal is filled along the pouring system, and cooled to obtain a hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material covered by micropowder.
浇注的高铬铸铁的化学成分及其质量百分比含量为C:2.8-3.2%,Si:0.6-1.0%,Mn:0.8-1.2%,Cr:25-27%,Mo:0.5-1.0%,Ni:0.3-0.6%。负压度为0.04MPa下进行,浇注温度为1500℃。The chemical composition and mass percentage content of the cast high chromium cast iron are C: 2.8-3.2%, Si: 0.6-1.0%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 25-27%, Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni : 0.3-0.6%. The negative pressure is 0.04MPa, and the pouring temperature is 1500℃.
从实施例2的复合材料中切取试样,测定性能并观察其金相组织。获得的实验数据、宏观及微观组织如下:A sample was cut from the composite material of Example 2, and its properties were measured and its metallographic structure was observed. The obtained experimental data, macroscopic and microstructures are as follows:
表3实施例1和实施例2试块耐磨数据Table 3 Wear-resisting data of test blocks of Example 1 and Example 2
表4实施例2试块EDS点扫描结果Table 4
实施例2的宏观组织如图5所示。The macrostructure of Example 2 is shown in FIG. 5 .
实施例2的复合材料试块EDS点扫描图如图6所示。The EDS point scanning diagram of the composite material test block of Example 2 is shown in FIG. 6 .
实施例2的复合材料试块XRD检测结果图如图7所示,发现了FeB、Fe2B、Zr3NiO、Al74Cr20Si6、Fe0.88Ti1.11Zr0.94O5等新物相。The XRD test result of the composite material test block of Example 2 is shown in FIG. 7 , and new phases such as FeB, Fe 2 B, Zr 3 NiO, Al 74 Cr20Si 6 , Fe 0.88 Ti 1.11 Zr 0.94 O 5 are found.
实施例3Example 3
a、将EPS泡沫板进行切割、粘接后得到六棱柱形消失模模型;a. After cutting and bonding the EPS foam board, a hexagonal prismatic lost foam model is obtained;
b、陶瓷微粉种类及相对ZTA陶瓷颗粒质量占比为:B4C:2.0%,Al2O3f:2.0%、Cr3C2:2.0%、TiNC:1.0%、MnO2:1.0%、SiC:0.5%、NiCrBSi:0.5%;b. The types of ceramic micropowder and the relative mass ratio of ZTA ceramic particles are: B 4 C: 2.0%, Al 2 O 3f : 2.0%, Cr 3 C 2 : 2.0%, TiNC: 1.0%, MnO 2 : 1.0%, SiC : 0.5%, NiCrBSi: 0.5%;
c、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合均匀,陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;c. Mix the ceramic micropowder + binder evenly, and the mixing conditions of ceramic micropowder + binder are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
d、在陶瓷微粉+黏结剂的混合物中加入ZTA陶瓷颗粒后混合均匀,混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;d. Add ZTA ceramic particles to the mixture of ceramic micropowder + binder and mix them evenly. The mixing conditions are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
e、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物放入预先制备好的六棱柱形消失模模型中并进行烘干,烘干温度在55℃,烘干时间24h,得到六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型;e. Put the mixture of ceramic micropowder+binder+ZTA ceramics into the pre-prepared hexagonal prismatic lost foam model and dry it, the drying temperature is 55°C, and the drying time is 24h to obtain the hexagonal prismatic honeycomb ZTA /Fe composite material preform lost foam model;
f、在含有陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷混合物(以下简称ZTA陶瓷预制体)的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型上面黏结一层EPS模样;f. Bond a layer of EPS pattern on the hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb EPF model containing ceramic micropowder + binder + ZTA ceramic mixture (hereinafter referred to as ZTA ceramic preform);
g、将表层黏有EPS模样,内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型表面涂抹耐火涂料,涂抹耐火涂料后,在55℃的烘干温度下进行烘干,并重复三次,每次烘干时间为8h;g. Apply the refractory paint on the surface of the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model with the EPS pattern on the surface and the ZTA ceramic preform inside. After applying the refractory paint, dry it at a drying temperature of 55 °C and repeat it three times. Each drying time is 8h;
h、将内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型放入砂箱,和浇注系统组合进行组箱;h. Put the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model containing the ZTA ceramic preform inside into the sand box, and combine it with the pouring system to form the box;
i、负压浇注高铬铸铁金属液,浇入的高铬铸铁金属液沿浇注系统进行充型,冷却得到微粉包覆的六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料。i. Negative pressure pouring high-chromium cast iron molten metal, the poured high-chromium cast iron molten metal is filled along the pouring system, and cooled to obtain a hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material covered by micropowder.
浇注的高铬铸铁的化学成分及其质量百分比含量为C:2.8-3.2%,Si:0.6-1.0%,Mn:0.8-1.2%,Cr:25-27%,Mo:0.5-1.0%,Ni:0.3-0.6%。负压度为0.04MPa下进行,浇注温度为1500℃。The chemical composition and mass percentage content of the cast high chromium cast iron are C: 2.8-3.2%, Si: 0.6-1.0%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 25-27%, Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni : 0.3-0.6%. The negative pressure is 0.04MPa, and the pouring temperature is 1500℃.
从上述复合材料中切取试样,测定性能。获得的实验数据如下:Samples were cut from the above composite materials and their properties were measured. The experimental data obtained are as follows:
表5陶瓷微粉包覆ZTA/Fe复合材料试块耐磨数据Table 5 Wear resistance data of ZTA/Fe composite test block coated with ceramic micropowder
实施例4Example 4
a、将EPS泡沫板进行切割、粘接后得到六棱柱形消失模模型。a. After cutting and bonding the EPS foam board, a hexagonal prismatic lost foam model is obtained.
b、陶瓷微粉种类及相对ZTA陶瓷颗粒质量占比为:Al2O3p:2.0%、Al2O3f:2.0%、Cr3C2:2.0%、TiNC:1.0%、Co:1.0%、Cr:1.0%、MnO2:0.5%、WC:0.5%;b. The types of ceramic micropowder and the relative mass ratio of ZTA ceramic particles are: Al 2 O 3p : 2.0%, Al 2 O 3f : 2.0%, Cr 3 C 2 : 2.0%, TiNC: 1.0%, Co: 1.0%, Cr : 1.0%, MnO 2 : 0.5%, WC: 0.5%;
c、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合均匀,陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;c. Mix the ceramic micropowder + binder evenly, and the mixing conditions of ceramic micropowder + binder are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
d、在陶瓷微粉+黏结剂的混合物中加入ZTA陶瓷颗粒后混合均匀,混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;d. Add ZTA ceramic particles to the mixture of ceramic micropowder + binder and mix them evenly. The mixing conditions are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
e、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物放入预先制备好的六棱柱形消失模模型中并进行烘干,烘干温度在55℃,烘干时间24h,得到六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型;e. Put the mixture of ceramic micropowder+binder+ZTA ceramics into the pre-prepared hexagonal prismatic lost foam model and dry it, the drying temperature is 55°C, and the drying time is 24h to obtain the hexagonal prismatic honeycomb ZTA /Fe composite material preform lost foam model;
f、在含有陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷混合物(以下简称ZTA陶瓷预制体)的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型上面黏结一层EPS模样;f. Bond a layer of EPS pattern on the hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb EPF model containing ceramic micropowder + binder + ZTA ceramic mixture (hereinafter referred to as ZTA ceramic preform);
g、将表层黏有EPS模样,内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型表面涂抹耐火涂料,涂抹耐火涂料后,在55℃的烘干温度下进行烘干,并重复三次,每次烘干时间为8h;g. Apply the refractory paint on the surface of the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model with the EPS pattern on the surface and the ZTA ceramic preform inside. After applying the refractory paint, dry it at a drying temperature of 55 °C and repeat it three times. Each drying time is 8h;
h、将内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型放入砂箱,和浇注系统组合进行组箱;h. Put the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model containing the ZTA ceramic preform inside into the sand box, and combine it with the pouring system to form the box;
i、负压浇注高铬铸铁金属液,浇入的高铬铸铁金属液沿浇注系统进行充型,冷却得到微粉包覆的六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料。i. Negative pressure pouring high-chromium cast iron molten metal, the poured high-chromium cast iron molten metal is filled along the pouring system, and cooled to obtain a hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material covered by micropowder.
浇注的高铬铸铁的化学成分及其质量百分比含量为C:2.8-3.2%,Si:0.6-1.0%,Mn:0.8-1.2%,Cr:25-27%,Mo:0.5-1.0%,Ni:0.3-0.6%。负压度为0.04MPa下进行,浇注温度为1500℃。The chemical composition and mass percentage content of the cast high chromium cast iron are C: 2.8-3.2%, Si: 0.6-1.0%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 25-27%, Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni : 0.3-0.6%. The negative pressure is 0.04MPa, and the pouring temperature is 1500℃.
表6陶瓷微粉包覆ZTA/Fe复合材料试块耐磨数据Table 6 Wear resistance data of ZTA/Fe composite test block coated with ceramic micropowder
实施例5Example 5
a、将EPS泡沫板进行切割、粘接后得到六棱柱形消失模模型;a. After cutting and bonding the EPS foam board, a hexagonal prismatic lost foam model is obtained;
b、陶瓷微粉种类及相对ZTA陶瓷颗粒质量占比为:Al2O3p:2.0%、Al2O3f:2.0%、TiNC:1.5%、Cr3C2:1.0%、MnO2:1.0%、Co:0.5%、NiCrBSi:0.5%、Ni:0.5%、B4C:0.5%;b. The types of ceramic micropowder and the relative mass ratio of ZTA ceramic particles are: Al 2 O 3p : 2.0%, Al 2 O 3f : 2.0%, TiNC: 1.5%, Cr 3 C 2 : 1.0%, MnO 2 : 1.0%, Co: 0.5%, NiCrBSi: 0.5%, Ni: 0.5%, B 4 C: 0.5%;
c、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合均匀,陶瓷微粉+黏结剂混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;c. Mix the ceramic micropowder + binder evenly, and the mixing conditions of ceramic micropowder + binder are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
d、在陶瓷微粉+黏结剂的混合物中加入ZTA陶瓷颗粒后混合均匀,混合条件为:180r/min中搅拌260s;d. Add ZTA ceramic particles to the mixture of ceramic micropowder + binder and mix them evenly. The mixing conditions are: stirring at 180r/min for 260s;
e、将陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷的混合物放入预先制备好的六棱柱形消失模模型中并进行烘干,烘干温度在55℃,烘干时间24h,得到六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型;;e. Put the mixture of ceramic micropowder+binder+ZTA ceramics into the pre-prepared hexagonal prismatic lost foam model and dry it, the drying temperature is 55°C, and the drying time is 24h to obtain the hexagonal prismatic honeycomb ZTA /Fe composite material preform lost foam model;
f、在含有陶瓷微粉+黏结剂+ZTA陶瓷混合物(以下简称ZTA陶瓷预制体)的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型上面黏结一层EPS模样;f. Bond a layer of EPS pattern on the hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb EPF model containing ceramic micropowder + binder + ZTA ceramic mixture (hereinafter referred to as ZTA ceramic preform);
g、将表层黏有EPS模样,内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型表面涂抹耐火涂料,涂抹耐火涂料后,在55℃的烘干温度下进行烘干,并重复三次,每次烘干时间为8h;g. Apply the refractory paint on the surface of the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model with the EPS pattern on the surface and the ZTA ceramic preform inside. After applying the refractory paint, dry it at a drying temperature of 55 °C and repeat it three times. Each drying time is 8h;
h、将内部含有ZTA陶瓷预制体的六棱柱形蜂窝状消失模模型放入砂箱,和浇注系统组合进行组箱;h. Put the hexagonal honeycomb EPF model containing the ZTA ceramic preform inside into the sand box, and combine it with the pouring system to form the box;
i、负压浇注高铬铸铁金属液,浇入的高铬铸铁金属液沿浇注系统进行充型,冷却得到微粉包覆的六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料。i. Negative pressure pouring high-chromium cast iron molten metal, the poured high-chromium cast iron molten metal is filled along the pouring system, and cooled to obtain a hexagonal prism-shaped honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material covered by micropowder.
浇注的高铬铸铁的化学成分及其质量百分比含量为C:2.8-3.2%,Si:0.6-1.0%,Mn:0.8-1.2%,Cr:25-27%,Mo:0.5-1.0%,Ni:0.3-0.6%。负压度为0.04MPa下进行,浇注温度为1500℃。The chemical composition and mass percentage content of the cast high chromium cast iron are C: 2.8-3.2%, Si: 0.6-1.0%, Mn: 0.8-1.2%, Cr: 25-27%, Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni : 0.3-0.6%. The negative pressure is 0.04MPa, and the pouring temperature is 1500℃.
从上述复合材料中切取试样,测定性能。获得的实验数据如下:Samples were cut from the above composite materials and their properties were measured. The experimental data obtained are as follows:
表7陶瓷微粉包覆ZTA/Fe复合材料试块耐磨数据Table 7 Wear resistance data of ZTA/Fe composite test block coated with ceramic micropowder
在上述实施例2-5中,ZTA/Fe复合材料的耐磨性都有了较大提高,说明活性微粉包覆ZTA陶瓷颗粒之后,金属基体与陶瓷颗粒之间的过渡层发生了元素扩散行为,并且活性微粉中的元素在高温下与金属基体、陶瓷颗粒均发生了化学反应,因此可以确定,过渡层与金属基体和陶瓷颗粒有不同程度的反应型润湿,即过渡层与金属基体和陶瓷颗粒之间存在冶金结合。In the above examples 2-5, the wear resistance of the ZTA/Fe composite material has been greatly improved, indicating that after the ZTA ceramic particles are coated by the active micropowder, the transition layer between the metal matrix and the ceramic particles has an element diffusion behavior. , and the elements in the active micropowder have chemical reactions with the metal matrix and ceramic particles at high temperature, so it can be determined that the transition layer has different degrees of reactive wetting with the metal matrix and the ceramic particles, that is, the transition layer has different degrees of reactive wetting with the metal matrix and the ceramic particles. There is a metallurgical bond between the ceramic particles.
高铬铸铁试样在磨平抛光后,每个试样随机找平整、光滑部位,以等距离分布打9个点,并记录维氏硬度;复合材料试样则在金属基体、陶瓷颗粒、过渡层三个部位等距离取3个点,取3组,分别记录硬度后取平均值。After the high-chromium cast iron sample is ground and polished, each sample is randomly found to be flat and smooth, and 9 points are distributed at equal distances, and the Vickers hardness is recorded; the composite material sample is in the metal matrix, ceramic particles, transition Three points are taken equidistant from the three parts of the layer, and three groups are taken, and the hardness is recorded and the average value is taken.
表6ZTA/Fe复合材料显微硬度平均值Table 6 Average value of microhardness of ZTA/Fe composites
添加活性微粉的复合材料过渡层硬度比未添加活性微粉的中间层硬度提升明显。The hardness of the transition layer of the composite material added with active micropowder is significantly improved than that of the intermediate layer without active micropowder.
实施例1比高铬铸铁基体试样的磨损性能分别高出3.76倍,说明在高铬铸铁金属基体中添加ZTA陶瓷颗粒后,ZTA/Fe复合材料的耐磨性能得到了明显地增强,实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5的耐磨性都比实施例1和高铬铸铁基体试样耐磨性高,通过分析磨损机理,未包覆活性微粉的陶瓷颗粒与金属基体之间结合性差,同时发现距离陶瓷颗粒较近的基体相对距离较远的基体中硬脆碳化物剥落现象严重。这种现象产生的原因可能是围绕陶瓷颗粒周围的金属基体在陶瓷颗粒“微冷铁”作用下形成了较多的硬脆碳化物,在金属基体逐渐被磨损后,碳化物脱落,致使金属基体对陶瓷颗粒的承载效果降低,在磨损的作用下二者之间产生了裂纹,陶瓷颗粒有从基体中脱落的倾向。添加微粉后,试样的磨损形貌主要为微切削划痕、犁沟,由于ZTA和基体结合强度增加,不易出现剥落的现象,另外,ZTA颗粒和金属基体之间的过渡层出现了耐磨相,且过渡层的硬度也有增加,因此,有效降低了磨粒磨损造成的质量损失,提高了复合材料的耐磨性。The wear performance of Example 1 is 3.76 times higher than that of the high-chromium cast iron matrix sample, indicating that after adding ZTA ceramic particles to the high-chromium cast iron metal matrix, the wear resistance of the ZTA/Fe composite material has been significantly enhanced. Example 2. The wear resistance of Example 3, Example 4, and Example 5 are higher than those of Example 1 and the high-chromium cast iron matrix samples. By analyzing the wear mechanism, the ceramic particles and metal matrix without active micropowder are not coated. The bonding between them is poor, and it is found that the hard and brittle carbide spalling phenomenon is serious in the matrix closer to the ceramic particles than in the matrix farther away. The reason for this phenomenon may be that the metal matrix around the ceramic particles forms more hard and brittle carbides under the action of the "slightly chilled iron" of the ceramic particles. After the metal matrix is gradually worn away, the carbides fall off, resulting in the metal matrix. The bearing effect on the ceramic particles is reduced, and cracks are formed between the two under the action of wear, and the ceramic particles have a tendency to fall off from the matrix. After adding the micropowder, the wear morphology of the sample is mainly micro-cutting scratches and furrows. Due to the increase in the bonding strength of ZTA and the matrix, it is not easy to peel off. In addition, the transition layer between the ZTA particles and the metal matrix has wear resistance. phase, and the hardness of the transition layer is also increased, therefore, the quality loss caused by abrasive wear is effectively reduced, and the wear resistance of the composite material is improved.
实施例6Example 6
本实施例对蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型的形状及尺寸进行考察,采用的ZTA陶瓷颗粒、陶瓷微粉成分和占比以及浇注的高铬铸铁的化学成分及其质量百分比和试验步骤和实施例2均相同,区别在于蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型的形状和尺寸,并用不同形状、大小预制体消失模模型制备得到微粉包覆的六棱柱形蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料,进行耐磨性和硬度测试,具体见下表:In this example, the shape and size of the lost foam model of the honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite preform are investigated. The steps are the same as those in Example 2, the difference lies in the shape and size of the lost foam model of the honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite material preform, and the hexagonal prismatic honeycomb ZTA/ Fe composite materials were tested for wear resistance and hardness, as shown in the following table:
由此可知,蜂窝状ZTA/Fe复合材料预制体消失模模型选择六棱柱形,六棱柱形的边长为10.4mm时,耐磨性能最好,过渡层硬度值最高。It can be seen that the lost foam model of the honeycomb ZTA/Fe composite preform is hexagonal, and when the side length of the hexagonal is 10.4 mm, the wear resistance is the best, and the hardness of the transition layer is the highest.
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