CN115255387A - Preparation method of graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material Download PDFInfo
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000713 high-energy ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017526 Cu-Cr-Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910017810 Cu—Cr—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018134 Al-Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018467 Al—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps: carrying out high-energy ball milling on graphene and copper alloy powder by using a ball mill, and uniformly mixing to form graphene-coated copper powder particle powder; carrying out low-energy ball milling on the graphene-coated copper powder particles and the aluminum alloy powder by using a ball mill, so that the graphene-coated copper powder particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy powder; and forming the obtained mixed powder by adopting a laser powder bed melting technology, introducing a laser remelting scanning mode, and changing a remelting scanning process to obtain the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. According to the invention, the copper powder particles coated with graphene are used as a reinforcing phase, so that the problem of graphene agglomeration is avoided; by regulating and controlling the remelting scanning process of the LPBF technology, the internal defects of the structure are reduced, the conductivity is obviously improved, the process applicability is strong, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Background
With the development of the technology in the field of power transmission, the requirements on power transmission equipment are higher and higher, and the structure of internal parts is more and more complex. Aluminum, which is more abundant and inexpensive, has been increasingly used nowadays as a material for conductive media and power transmission equipment instead of conventional copper. Pure aluminum has good conductivity, but insufficient mechanical properties, and is easy to break and lose efficacy under the action of load in the transmission process; the aluminum alloy has good mechanical properties, but the conductivity is insufficient, and a large amount of resources are lost in the conveying process. The conductivity and mechanical properties of the aluminum power transmission equipment are difficult to cooperate.
Graphene is a crystal with a two-dimensional honeycomb structure of a monoatomic layer in which carbon atoms are connected by sp2 hybridization, and has various excellent properties. Graphene is the best material known at present for conducting electricity at normal temperature, and has excellent strength and toughness. Therefore, the aluminum alloy can be reinforced by using the graphene as the reinforcing phase, the synergistic enhancement of the mechanical strength and the electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloy can be realized at a lower cost, but the graphene has a large specific surface area and high surface energy, is easy to agglomerate and is not beneficial to being uniformly dispersed in an aluminum alloy matrix, so that the graphene-coated copper powder particles are adopted as the reinforcing phase to reinforce the aluminum alloy, and the graphene-coated copper powder particles can be uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy powder by optimizing a ball milling process.
The traditional preparation method of the graphene particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises a powder metallurgy method, a stirring casting method, an extrusion casting method and the like, and each method has limitations and cannot be generally applied. The traditional processing method has lower forming temperature, and is not beneficial to improving the wettability between graphene and an aluminum matrix material; parts with complex shapes are difficult to process, and the precision is difficult to guarantee; the process is complex, the reinforced particles cannot be uniformly distributed, the tissue uniformity is poor, the crystal grains are easy to coarsen, and the defect rate is high. The Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology can directly obtain parts with high density, higher dimensional accuracy and good metallurgical bonding, and realize near-net forming of high-performance metal parts with complex structures. The technology has very high forming temperature, and is beneficial to improving the wettability between graphene and aluminum alloy powder; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy has high solidification speed, and is beneficial to refining the aluminum alloy grain structure.
The invention aims to seek an optimized ball milling process and a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) processing method to manufacture a graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material with excellent mechanical and conductive properties, which is suitable for the field of power transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the background art, the invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, which adopts an optimized ball milling process to obtain graphene-coated copper powder particles, can ensure that the graphene-coated copper powder particles are uniformly distributed in aluminum alloy powder, avoids the tissue defect caused by graphene agglomeration, and can improve the wettability between graphene and the aluminum alloy powder and refine the aluminum alloy grain tissue between the forming high temperature and the extremely fast solidification speed of a laser powder bed melting technology, thereby improving the conductivity of a sample, improving the integral mechanical strength of the sample and enabling the graphene-aluminum-based conductive composite material to be capable of preparing the sample rapidly and effectively in a large scale.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a preparation method of a graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out high-energy ball milling on graphene and copper alloy powder by using a ball mill, and uniformly mixing to form graphene-coated copper powder particle powder;
s2, carrying out low-energy ball milling on the graphene-coated copper powder particle powder and the aluminum alloy powder by using a ball mill, so that the graphene-coated copper powder particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy powder;
and S3, forming the mixed powder obtained in the S2 by adopting a laser powder bed melting technology, introducing a laser remelting scanning mode, changing a remelting scanning process, and obtaining the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Wherein the thickness of the graphene in the S1 is 0.5-20nm, the sheet diameter of the graphene is 0.5-20 μm, the copper alloy powder is Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder, the particles are spherical, the particle diameter is 10-100 μm, and the graphene is 0.5-10wt% of the copper alloy powder.
Further, the aluminum alloy powder in S2 comprises Al-Si (-Mg) alloy, al-Zn aluminum alloy and Al-Mg aluminum alloy, and is spherical particles with the particle diameter of 20-80 μm and the oxygen content of less than 300ppm.
Further, the ball mill is a planetary ball mill or an agitating ball mill.
Further, the high-energy ball milling in the S1 comprises the following steps: filling graphene and copper alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, taking triethanolamine as a grinding aid, carrying out wet grinding in a ball milling process, wherein the addition of the grinding aid accounts for 1-3% of the mass fraction of the metal powder, the ball-material ratio is 1-12, the ball milling rotation speed is 200-500r/min, carrying out high-energy ball milling for 2-8h, alternately rotating, stopping and cooling for 10min every 20min of ball milling, and carrying out vacuum drying at 70-100 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa for not less than 2h to obtain the graphene-coated copper powder particles.
Further, the low energy ball milling in S2 comprises the following steps: filling the copper powder particles coated with the graphene and the aluminum alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, performing dry milling in the ball milling process, wherein the ball milling speed is 100-170r/min, performing low-energy ball milling for 1-5h, alternately rotating, stopping and cooling for 10min every 20min of ball milling, and thus obtaining the aluminum alloy composite powder with uniformly distributed graphene-coated copper powder particles.
Further, in the forming process of the laser powder bed melting technology in the step S3, the formed substrate is preheated to 100-150 ℃ under the protection of argon gas before powder spreading, and the main processing parameters are as follows: laser power 180-260W, scanning speed: 800-1200mm/s, scanning pitch: 80-100 μm, spot diameter: 100 mu m, thick powder layer: 30-40 μm;
the laser remelting scanning mode is to perform a secondary laser scanning process on the solidified layer, wherein the laser power is 160-240W, other processing parameters are consistent with those of the first scanning, and the scanning path and the first scanning form an included angle of 90 degrees.
Furthermore, in the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the graphene accounts for 0.1-1wt% of the total metal.
The working principle is as follows: according to the invention, the graphene-coated copper powder particles are used as reinforcing particles, the aluminum-based composite powder is prepared by adopting a low-energy ball milling process, the graphene is not easy to agglomerate, the sphericity and the fluidity are good, the aluminum-based composite powder can meet the LPBF process requirements, the smooth powder paving and powder feeding in the LPBF forming process can be facilitated, and finally the graphene aluminum-based composite material with excellent conductivity and mechanical properties can be prepared by adopting LPBF.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the graphene has very excellent conductivity, and has excellent strength and toughness. The copper powder particles coated with the graphene are obtained by combining a high-energy ball milling method and a low-energy ball milling method, so that the agglomeration phenomenon of the graphene can be avoided, and the graphene can be uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy powder, thereby obtaining the graphene aluminum-based composite material with excellent conductivity and mechanical property;
2. the copper powder particles are Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder, and compared with pure copper powder, the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder has higher laser absorption rate, and can absorb more energy in a shorter time to melt the alloy powder to obtain a powder molten pool. And Zr element in the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder can react with Al element in the aluminum alloy powder at high forming temperature to generate reinforced phase particle Al3Zr further enhances the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy;
3. by adopting a Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology and the high forming temperature of a powder molten pool, the wettability between graphene and aluminum alloy powder can be improved, and the bonding strength between the graphene and the aluminum alloy powder is enhanced; the solidification speed is very high, and the aluminum alloy grain structure can be refined, so that the mechanical property of the graphene aluminum-based composite material is improved;
4. by adopting a laser remelting scanning mode, the residual stress in the prepared graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material member can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the defects of internal spheroidization, pores, cracks and the like are reduced, and the density of the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material member is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mixed powder of graphene-coated copper powder particles and an aluminum alloy according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
Preparing a 1# graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material as shown in fig. 1 and 2:
carrying out high-energy ball milling on graphene and copper alloy powder by adopting a planetary ball mill, and uniformly mixing to form graphene-coated copper powder particle powder; wherein the thickness of the graphene is 0.5nm, the sheet diameter of the graphene is 0.5 mu m, the copper alloy powder is Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder, the particle is spherical, the particle diameter is 10 mu m, and the graphene is 0.5wt% of the copper alloy powder.
The high-energy ball milling comprises the following steps: filling graphene and copper alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, taking triethanolamine as a grinding aid, carrying out wet grinding in a ball milling process, wherein the addition of the grinding aid accounts for 1 mass percent of the metal powder, the ball-material ratio is 8, the ball milling speed is 200r/min, the high-energy ball milling is carried out for 2h, the high-energy ball milling is carried out for alternate rotation, the ball milling is stopped and rotated for 20min, the cooling is carried out for 10min, and the vacuum drying is carried out for 2h at the temperature of 70 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa to prepare the graphene coated copper powder particles.
Carrying out low-energy ball milling on the graphene-coated copper powder particles and the aluminum alloy powder by using a ball mill, so that the graphene-coated copper powder particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy powder; wherein the aluminum alloy powder comprises Al-Si (-Mg) alloy, al-Zn aluminum alloy and Al-Mg aluminum alloy, and is spherical particle with particle diameter of 20 μm and oxygen content of less than 300ppm.
The low energy ball milling comprises the following steps: filling the copper powder particles coated with the graphene and the aluminum alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, performing dry milling in the ball milling process, wherein the ball-material ratio is 5, the ball milling speed is 100r/min, performing low-energy ball milling for 1h, alternately rotating, and stopping and cooling for 10min every 20min of ball milling to prepare the aluminum alloy composite powder with uniformly distributed graphene-coated copper powder particles.
Forming the obtained mixed powder by adopting a laser powder bed melting technology, introducing a laser remelting scanning mode, changing a remelting scanning process, and obtaining the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material;
in the laser powder bed melting technology forming process, argon protection is adopted, a formed substrate is preheated to 100 ℃ before powder spreading, and the main processing parameters are as follows: laser power 180W, scanning speed: 800mm/s, scanning pitch: 80 μm, spot diameter: 100 μm, powder layer thickness: 30 mu m; the laser remelting scanning mode is to perform a secondary laser scanning process on the solidified layer, wherein the laser power is 160W, other processing parameters are consistent with those of the first scanning, and a scanning path and the first scanning form an included angle of 90 degrees.
In the obtained graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the graphene accounts for 0.1wt% of the total metal.
Example 2
Preparing a 2# graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material:
carrying out high-energy ball milling on graphene and copper alloy powder by adopting a stirring ball mill, and uniformly mixing to form graphene-coated copper powder particle powder; the thickness of the graphene is 20nm, the sheet diameter of the graphene is 20 micrometers, the copper alloy powder is Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder, the particle is spherical, the particle diameter is 100 micrometers, and the graphene is 10wt% of the copper alloy powder.
The high-energy ball milling comprises the following steps: filling graphene and copper alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, taking triethanolamine as a grinding aid, carrying out wet grinding in a ball milling process, wherein the addition of the grinding aid accounts for 3 mass percent of the metal powder, the ball-material ratio is 12, the ball milling rotation speed is 500r/min, the high-energy ball milling is carried out for 8h, the grinding aid alternately rotates, the ball milling is stopped and cooled for 10min every 20min, and the vacuum drying is carried out for 2.5h at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa to prepare the graphene-coated copper powder particles.
Carrying out low-energy ball milling on the graphene-coated copper powder particles and the aluminum alloy powder by using a ball mill, so that the graphene-coated copper powder particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy powder; the aluminum alloy powder comprises Al-Si (-Mg) alloy, al-Zn aluminum alloy and Al-Mg aluminum alloy, and is spherical particle with particle diameter of 80 μm and oxygen content of less than 300ppm.
The low energy ball mill comprises the following steps: filling the copper powder particles coated with the graphene and the aluminum alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, performing dry milling in the ball milling process, wherein the ball-material ratio is 8, the ball milling speed is 170r/min, performing low-energy ball milling for 5 hours, rotating alternately, and stopping and cooling for 10 minutes every 20 minutes of ball milling to obtain the aluminum alloy composite powder with uniformly distributed graphene-coated copper powder particles.
And forming the obtained mixed powder by adopting a laser powder bed melting technology, introducing a laser remelting scanning mode, and changing a remelting scanning process to obtain the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
In the laser powder bed melting technology forming process, argon is adopted for protection, before powder spreading, a formed substrate is preheated to 150 ℃, and the main processing parameters are as follows: laser power 260W, scanning speed: 1200mm/s, scanning pitch: 100 μm, spot diameter: 100 μm, powder layer thickness: 40 μm; the laser remelting scanning mode is to perform a secondary laser scanning process on the solidified layer, wherein the laser power is 240W, other processing parameters are consistent with those of the first scanning, and a scanning path and the first scanning form an included angle of 90 degrees.
In the obtained graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the graphene accounts for 1wt% of the total metal.
Example 3
Preparing a 3# graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material:
carrying out high-energy ball milling on graphene and copper alloy powder by adopting a planetary ball mill, and uniformly mixing to form graphene-coated copper powder particle powder; the thickness of the graphene is 10nm, the sheet diameter of the graphene is 10 microns, the copper alloy powder is Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder, the particle is spherical, the particle diameter is 50 microns, and the graphene is 5wt% of the copper alloy powder.
The high-energy ball milling method comprises the following steps: filling graphene and copper alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, taking triethanolamine as a grinding aid, carrying out wet grinding in a ball milling process, wherein the addition of the grinding aid accounts for 2 mass percent of the metal powder, the ball-material ratio is 10, the ball milling rotation speed is 350r/min, the high-energy ball milling is 5h, the high-energy ball milling is alternately rotated, the ball milling is stopped and cooled for 10min every 20min, and the vacuum drying is carried out for 3h at the temperature of 85 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa to prepare the graphene-coated copper powder particles.
Carrying out low-energy ball milling on the graphene-coated copper powder particles and the aluminum alloy powder by using a ball mill to uniformly distribute the graphene-coated copper powder particles in the aluminum alloy powder; the aluminum alloy powder comprises Al-Si (-Mg) alloy, al-Zn aluminum alloy and Al-Mg aluminum alloy, and is spherical particle with particle diameter of 50 μm and oxygen content of less than 300ppm.
The low energy ball milling comprises the following steps: filling the copper powder particles coated with the graphene and the aluminum alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, performing dry milling in the ball milling process, wherein the ball-material ratio is 6.5, the ball milling speed is 140r/min, performing low-energy ball milling for 3 hours, alternately rotating, and stopping and cooling for 10min every 20min of ball milling to prepare the aluminum alloy composite powder with uniformly distributed graphene-coated copper powder particles.
And forming the obtained mixed powder by adopting a laser powder bed melting technology, introducing a laser remelting scanning mode, and changing a remelting scanning process to obtain the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
In the laser powder bed melting technology forming process, argon protection is adopted, a formed substrate is preheated to 130 ℃ before powder spreading, and the main processing parameters are as follows: laser power 220W, scanning speed: 1000mm/s, scanning pitch: 90 μm, spot diameter: 100 mu m, thick powder layer: 35 μm;
the laser remelting scanning mode is to perform a secondary laser scanning process on the solidified layer, wherein the laser power is 200W, other processing parameters are consistent with those of the first scanning, and a scanning path and the first scanning form an included angle of 90 degrees.
In the obtained graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the graphene accounts for 0.5wt% of the total metal.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, carrying out high-energy ball milling on graphene and copper alloy powder by using a ball mill, and uniformly mixing to form graphene-coated copper powder particle powder;
s2, carrying out low-energy ball milling on the graphene-coated copper powder particle powder and the aluminum alloy powder by using a ball mill, so that the graphene-coated copper powder particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy powder;
and S3, forming the mixed powder obtained in the S2 by adopting a laser powder bed melting technology, introducing a laser remelting scanning mode, changing a remelting scanning process, and obtaining the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
2. The method for preparing the graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in S1, the thickness of graphene is 0.5-20nm, the sheet diameter of graphene is 0.5-20 μm, the copper alloy powder is Cu-Cr-Zr alloy powder, the particles are spherical, the particle diameter is 10-100 μm, and the graphene is 0.5-10wt% of the copper alloy powder.
3. The method for preparing the graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aluminum alloy powder in S2 comprises Al-Si (-Mg) alloy, al-Zn aluminum alloy and Al-Mg aluminum alloy, and is spherical particle with particle diameter of 20-80 μm and oxygen content of less than 300ppm.
4. The method for preparing the graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ball mill is a planetary ball mill or a stirring ball mill.
5. The method for preparing the graphene-coated copper powder particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high energy ball milling in S1 comprises the following steps: filling graphene and copper alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, taking triethanolamine as a grinding aid, carrying out wet grinding in a ball milling process, wherein the addition of the grinding aid accounts for 1-3% of the mass fraction of the metal powder, the ball-material ratio is 1-12, the ball milling rotation speed is 200-500r/min, carrying out high-energy ball milling for 2-8h, alternately rotating, stopping rotation and cooling for 20min per ball milling, and carrying out vacuum drying at 70-100 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa for not less than 2h to obtain the graphene-coated copper powder particles.
6. The method for preparing the graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low energy ball milling in S2 comprises the following steps: filling the copper powder particles coated with the graphene and the aluminum alloy powder into a ball milling tank; vacuumizing, introducing argon, performing dry milling in the ball milling process, wherein the ball milling speed is 100-170r/min, performing low-energy ball milling for 1-5h, alternately rotating, stopping and cooling for 10min every 20min of ball milling, and thus obtaining the aluminum alloy composite powder with uniformly distributed graphene-coated copper powder particles.
7. The method for preparing the graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the laser powder bed melting technology forming process in S3, argon gas is adopted for protection, before powder spreading, the formed substrate is preheated to 100-150 ℃, and the main processing parameters are as follows: laser power 180-260W, scanning speed: 800-1200mm/s, scanning pitch: 80-100 μm, spot diameter: 100 μm, powder layer thickness: 30-40 μm;
the laser remelting scanning mode is to perform a secondary laser scanning process on the solidified layer, wherein the laser power is 160-240W, other processing parameters are consistent with those of the first scanning, and the scanning path and the first scanning form an included angle of 90 degrees.
8. The method for preparing the graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the graphene-coated copper powder particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the graphene accounts for 0.1-1wt% of the total metal.
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