CN111961926A - 3D printed nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
3D printed nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of metal 3D printing, in particular to 3D printed nano-particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder and a preparation method thereof. The nano composite material powder prepared by the method has the advantages of uniform nano particle distribution, consistent chemical components, good fluidity, high apparent density, excellent metal/ceramic wetting capability, strong interface bonding and the like, and is a 3D printing aluminum-based composite material with excellent comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal 3D printing, in particular to 3D printed nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 3D printing technology is also called additive manufacturing technology, is a technology for directly forming materials according to a three-dimensional CAD model designed by a computer to manufacture solid parts, is different from the traditional material reduction manufacturing technology, does not need tools such as a cutter, a mould and a clamp, adopts a manufacturing method of layer-by-layer superposition from bottom to top, and has high forming precision. Recently, the additive manufacturing technology is rapidly developed, and is widely concerned by the global academic world and the industrial industry, various parts with complex structures can be produced by only one forming device, personalized and free production is really realized, the forming process is greatly simplified, the processing period is reduced, the net forming processing concept is realized, and the additive manufacturing technology can be a subversive technology in the fields of aerospace, national defense industry, automobiles, medical treatment and the like. The laser additive manufacturing technology is a typical metal additive manufacturing technology, is a new development direction in the field of mechanical forming and processing, uses high-energy laser beams as energy sources, melts metal raw materials such as powder and the like, then superposes layer by layer, and solidifies into a compact entity, and the materials commonly used at present comprise Fe-based alloy, Ni-based alloy, Ti-based alloy and Al-based alloy.
In recent years, with the development of industry, a single material cannot meet the increasingly stringent requirements of people on the material performance, composite materials are produced, and the nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is favored by people due to the excellent performances of low density, high specific strength, good wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and the like. The 3D printing forming aluminum-based composite material has unique advantages, on one hand, complex parts can be directly formed in an integrated mode, the machining process is simplified, on the other hand, the high cooling speed in the 3D printing of metal can obviously refine the grain size of a metal component, and the comprehensive performance of the material is improved. The preparation and the characteristics of the powder have obvious influence on the 3D printing forming process and the forming quality of metal, and for the 3D printing forming nano ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, firstly, nano ceramic reinforced particles and aluminum alloy powder are uniformly mixed, and then, the powder is melted and formed by using high-energy laser beams. The existing method for preparing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based nano composite powder generally uses low-energy ball milling to directly and uniformly mix reinforced particles with a metal matrix, but the added ceramic particles have poor wettability and weak interface bonding due to the difference of physical properties between the added ceramic particles and the aluminum matrix, so that the content of a reinforced phase is limited, defects are easily generated in the forming process, and the reinforcing effect is limited; in addition, the great specific surface area of the nano ceramic particles enables the nano ceramic particles to be extremely easy to agglomerate under the action of van der waals force, so that the formed composite material is uneven in distribution and poor in tissue uniformity, and the material performance is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of 3D printed nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder, which can effectively improve the wettability of a reinforcing phase and a matrix and keep the reinforcing phase uniformly distributed, and meets the requirement of 3D printing of a high-performance nano particle reinforced aluminum-based nano composite material component.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: firstly, fully coating aluminum alloy on the nano TiC ceramic particles through high-energy ball milling, and then uniformly mixing the powder and the aluminum alloy through low-energy ball milling to obtain metal-coated nano particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite powder.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following specific steps:
step one, adopting spherical AlSi10Mg powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the particle size of 18-45 mu m and irregular TiC ceramic powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the particle size of 60-100 nm;
weighing AlSi10Mg and TiC according to the mass ratio of 4:1, mixing, placing the mixture into a high-energy ball mill for high-energy ball milling for a long time, setting the rotating speed of the ball mill to be 300rpm/min, setting the time to be 10-15h, selecting stainless steel balls as grinding balls and selecting the ball-to-material ratio to be 10:1, fully distributing ceramic particles inside aluminum alloy powder after high-energy ball milling, and refining the aluminum alloy powder to obtain aluminum alloy coated nano TiC ceramic particles;
step three, mixing the TiC ceramic particles coated with the aluminum alloy and the AlSi10Mg powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, wherein the total mass percentage of the nano TiC particles is 5 wt%, then putting the mixture into a planetary ball mill for low-energy ball milling, setting the rotating speed of the ball mill to be 200rpm, setting the time to be 4h, selecting grinding balls as ceramic balls, and selecting the ball-to-material ratio to be 2:1, and uniformly dispersing the TiC ceramic particles coated with the aluminum alloy and the AlSi10Mg powder after the low-energy ball milling;
and step four, screening and grading the obtained aluminum alloy coated nano TiC ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder to obtain the special metal coated nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing with the required particle size.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly embodies the following advantages:
1. the nano TiC ceramic particles and the aluminum alloy are subjected to high-energy ball milling, so that the nano TiC particles can be uniformly distributed in an aluminum alloy collection body, the aluminum alloy is coated on the nano TiC particles, the nano particles are prevented from agglomerating, the combination with a matrix can be enhanced, the defect caused by poor wettability in subsequent processing is reduced, the particle size of aluminum matrix powder can be reduced under the action of the high-energy ball milling, and the influence on the subsequent powder laying process is avoided.
2. The composite powder after the high-energy ball milling is mixed with the aluminum alloy powder for uniform ball milling, so that the uniform distribution of nano TiC particles is ensured, and the AlSi10Mg powder can keep a spherical shape to ensure the high flowability and high apparent density required in the 3D printing process.
3. The invention combines high-energy ball milling and low-energy ball milling, simultaneously combines the bonding property of a reinforcing phase and aluminum alloy and the processability of composite powder, and completely meets the requirement of 3D printing on high-performance nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a low-power SEM (scanning Electron microscope) morphology of metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder special for 3D printing prepared by high-energy ball milling in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a high-power SEM image of 3D printing-dedicated metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder prepared by high-energy ball milling in example 1;
fig. 3 is a high-power TEM image of the 3D printing special metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder prepared by high-energy ball milling in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a low-power SEM image of 3D printing dedicated metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder prepared by high-energy ball milling in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a high-power SEM image of 3D printing dedicated metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder prepared by high-energy ball milling in example 2;
fig. 6 is a high-power TEM image of the metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder specially for 3D printing prepared by high-energy ball milling in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a low-power SEM morphology of the 3D printing special nano TiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite powder prepared by low-energy ball milling in the comparative example;
FIG. 8 is a high-power SEM morphology of the 3D printing special nano TiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite powder prepared by low-energy ball milling in the comparative example;
fig. 9 is a high-power TEM image of the special nano TiC particle-reinforced aluminum alloy composite powder for 3D printing prepared by low-energy ball milling in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
In order to further clarify the objects and technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only illustrative of some embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
The utility model provides a 3D prints aluminium base composite powder of nano-particle reinforcing, includes that inside evenly dispersed has aluminium base composite powder of nanometer TiC ceramic particle and does not contain the aluminum alloy base member of nanometer TiC granule, and aluminum alloy clad nanometer TiC granule has good interface bonding strength with the aluminum alloy base member in this application.
The preparation method of the nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing comprises the following steps: and uniformly dispersing the nano TiC particles in the aluminum alloy by adopting high-energy ball milling, fully coating the aluminum alloy on the surfaces of the nano TiC particles, and uniformly mixing the composite powder subjected to the high-energy ball milling with the aluminum alloy powder by adopting low-energy ball milling.
Example 1
(1) Spherical AlSi10Mg powder with purity of more than 99.9% and particle size of 18-45 μm and irregular TiC ceramic powder with purity of more than 99.9% and particle size of 60-100nm are selected.
(2) The method comprises the steps of weighing nano TiC particles and AlSi10Mg powder in a mass ratio of 1:4, mixing, placing the mixture into a single-tank planetary high-energy ball mill for high-energy ball milling, introducing argon to prevent aluminum alloy from being oxidized, setting the ball milling speed to be 300rpm/min, setting the ball milling time to be 5 hours, selecting two stainless steel balls with different diameters as a ball milling medium, wherein the diameters of the stainless steel balls are respectively 8mm and 10mm, the mass ratio of the two balls is 1:1, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and in order to prevent overhigh temperature in the ball milling process, adopting a ball milling mode of pausing for 5min after running for 15min, uniformly dispersing the nano TiC ceramic particles in the aluminum alloy powder after high-energy ball milling, and refining the aluminum alloy coated nano TiC ceramic particles.
(3) Weighing the composite powder subjected to high-energy ball milling and AlSi10Mg powder in a mass ratio of 1:4, mixing, putting into a single-tank planetary ball mill for low-energy ball milling, introducing argon gas for protection, setting the ball milling speed at 200rpm/min, setting the ball milling time at 10 hours, selecting ball milling media as two ceramic balls with different diameters, wherein the diameters are respectively 8mm and 10mm, the mass ratio of the two grinding balls is 1:1, the ball-material ratio is 2:1, similarly selecting a ball milling mode of suspending for 5min after 15min of operation, uniformly dispersing the nano TiC ceramic particles coated by the aluminum alloy after low-energy ball milling and the AlSi10Mg powder, and keeping good fluidity and sphericity.
(4) And screening the composite powder by using a 400-mesh screen, filtering out large-particle powder, and obtaining uniform, fine and high-fluidity metal-coated nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder special for 3D printing.
The shapes of the low-power SEM and high-power SEM images of the metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder prepared by the high-energy ball milling method and specially used for 3D printing are respectively shown in the figures 1 and 2, the AlSi10Mg powder is crushed and refined after 10h of high-energy ball milling, the average particle size is reduced to 5.74 mu m, the TiC particles are crushed and refined, and the high-power TEM image is shown in the figure 3, so that the TiC particles gradually enter the aluminum alloy after 10h of high-energy ball milling, and good interface combination is realized.
Example 2
This example was the same as embodiment 1 except that the high energy ball milling time was set to 15 hours in step (2).
The shapes of the low-power SEM and high-power SEM images of the metal-coated nano TiC particle composite powder special for 3D printing prepared by high-energy ball milling are respectively shown in fig. 4 and 5, it can be seen that the AlSi10Mg powder is remarkably refined after 15h high-energy ball milling, the average particle size is only 4.26 mu m, and a high-power TEM image is shown in fig. 6, so that the nano TiC is uniformly dispersed in an aluminum matrix, and good interface bonding is realized.
Comparative examples
The invention relates to 3D printed nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder and a preparation method thereof. To further illustrate the outstanding advantages of the present invention, in the comparative example, the nano TiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite powder is prepared based on direct low-energy ball milling, the low-power SEM image and the high-power SEM image are respectively shown in fig. 7 and 8, and the high-power TEM image is shown in fig. 9, so that it can be seen that the nano TiC particles are only attached to the surface of the aluminum alloy powder after the low-energy ball milling, and good interface bonding cannot be achieved, and the composite powder of the present invention has a better effect.
Under proper processing conditions, the uniform, fine and high-fluidity metal-coated nano particle reinforced aluminum-based nano composite powder special for 3D printing can be obtained, the requirements of the metal 3D printing on the powder characteristics of the composite powder are met, the wettability of ceramic particles to an aluminum melt in the processing process is improved, the ceramic particles are uniformly dispersed in a matrix, the interface bonding capability is enhanced, and the comprehensive performance of a 3D printed aluminum-based composite material component can be obviously improved. The method for preparing the metal-coated nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder special for 3D printing by combining high-energy ball milling and low-energy ball milling has the advantages of combining the binding property of the reinforcing phase and the aluminum alloy and the processability of the composite powder, simple process, high efficiency and low cost, and is suitable for large-scale production of the composite powder special for 3D printing.
In summary, the existing method for preparing ceramic particle reinforced nano aluminum matrix composite powder mainly uses low-energy ball milling to uniformly mix the reinforced particles and the metal matrix, but the powder nano particles prepared by the method spontaneously agglomerate due to the huge specific surface area, have poor wettability, are weak in interface bonding with the aluminum matrix, are easy to have defects in the processing process, and seriously affect the performance of the 3D printed aluminum matrix composite component. The nano-particles of the coated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based nano-composite material powder obtained by the method are uniformly distributed, the interface bonding is strong, the particle size of aluminum alloy doped with the nano-particles is small, the fluidity is good, the chemical components are consistent, and the requirements of metal 3D printing on the composite powder can be met. The metal-coated ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based nanocomposite powder for 3D printing is prepared by innovatively using a method combining high-energy ball milling and low-energy ball milling, so that the production cost is saved, the production efficiency is improved, and the excellent comprehensive performance of a 3D printing aluminum-based composite component can be realized.
It will be clear to those skilled in the art of 3D printing that the invention is not limited to the details presented in the above listed embodiments and that the results of the invention can be obtained in other ways without departing from the innovative points or the central characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and do not represent that the scope of the present invention is limited thereto, and it is intended that changes and applications within the claims are all covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The 3D printed nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder is characterized by comprising fine aluminum-based powder doped with nano TiC particles and pure aluminum alloy powder without the nano TiC particles.
2. The 3D printed nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is coated on the surface of the nano TiC ceramic particles by high energy ball milling, and the metal-coated ceramic particles are mixed with the aluminum alloy by low energy ball milling, wherein the mass fraction of TiC is 5%.
3. A preparation method of 3D printed nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder comprises the following steps:
step one, adopting spherical AlSi10Mg powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the particle size of 18-45 mu m and irregular TiC ceramic powder with the purity of 99.9 percent and the particle size of 60-100 nm;
step two, weighing AlSi10Mg and TiC according to the mass ratio of 4:1, mixing, placing the mixture into a high-energy ball mill for high-energy ball milling for a long time, fully distributing ceramic particles inside aluminum alloy powder after the high-energy ball milling, and refining the aluminum alloy powder to obtain aluminum alloy coated nano TiC ceramic particles;
step three, mixing the TiC ceramic particles coated with the aluminum alloy and AlSi10Mg powder according to the mass ratio of 1:4, then putting the mixture into a planetary ball mill for low-energy ball milling, and uniformly dispersing the nano TiC ceramic particles coated with the aluminum alloy and AlSi10Mg powder after low-energy ball milling;
and step four, screening and grading the obtained aluminum alloy coated nano TiC ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder to obtain the special metal coated nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder for 3D printing with the required particle size.
4. The preparation method of the 3D printed nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder according to claim 3, wherein in the second step, the rotation speed of the ball mill is set to 300rpm/min, the time is set to 10-15h, the ball mill is selected from stainless steel balls, the ball-to-material ratio is selected to be 10:1, and argon is introduced for protection.
5. The preparation method of the 3D printed nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite powder according to claim 3, wherein in the third step, the ball milling speed is set to 200rpm/min, the time is set to 4 hours, the grinding balls are selected from ceramic balls, the ball-to-material ratio is selected to be 2:1, and argon is introduced for protection.
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