CN115251067A - 一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115251067A
CN115251067A CN202210827960.XA CN202210827960A CN115251067A CN 115251067 A CN115251067 A CN 115251067A CN 202210827960 A CN202210827960 A CN 202210827960A CN 115251067 A CN115251067 A CN 115251067A
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齐国友
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂及其制备方法。属于畜牧养殖技术领域。该干粉剂包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石20～60％、粒径60～100目沸石粉8～19％、粒径20～60目沸石粉14～20％、植物性吸附剂10～20％、吸水剂5～15％、杀菌剂1～3％、无水硫酸镁1～2％和香味剂1％。与现有技术相比，本发明取得的有益效果为：本发明原料易得，环境友好，且吸水能力强，可以迅速干燥仔畜体表，降氨除湿，而且工艺简单、成本低廉，便于工业化生产，使用方法简单便捷。

Description

一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及畜牧养殖技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
畜牧养殖30％以上的生产成绩来源于环境，仔畜出生时及时地去除体表胎衣、水分，使得仔畜保存体温，及时吃到母乳，是提高仔畜成活率的关键。
传统液体消毒具有高湿、散温的缺点，目前，虽然也有很多环境改善、接生用粉剂，但是要么吸水效果很差，要么不易脱落，甚至大多数没有对致病菌的杀灭，或者混入强酸、强碱性物质，对仔畜及人员造成伤害。
综上，如何提供一种吸水性强、易脱落、抑制细菌繁殖的用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂及其制备方法。本发明干粉剂具有强大的吸水性、吸氨性，可以抑制细菌繁殖，降低氨气、硫化氢等有害气体的浓度，从而改善环境，干燥爽身，减少疫病传播。本发明干粉剂工艺简单、成本低廉，环境友好，而且便于工业化生产。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石20～60％、粒径60～100目沸石粉8～19％、粒径20～60目沸石粉14～20％、植物性吸附剂10～20％、吸水剂5～15％、杀菌剂1～3％、无水硫酸镁1～2％和香味剂1％。
进一步的，一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石45％、粒径60～100目沸石粉10％、粒径20～60目沸石粉15％、植物性吸附剂15％、吸水剂10％、杀菌剂2％、无水硫酸镁2％和香味剂1％。
进一步的，所述植物性吸附剂为木屑或稻壳粉。
进一步的，所述吸水剂为吸水树脂SAP。
进一步的，所述杀菌剂为二甲酸钾或二氯异腈尿酸钠。
一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将总量70％的蒙脱石与无水硫酸镁在雷蒙机中磨细、表面改性，得改性钙镁基蒙脱石；
此步骤后有少量未结合到蒙脱石表面的无水硫酸镁残留；
(2)将沸石粉经过烘干、粉碎、筛分，得到粒径60～100目沸石粉和粒径20～60目沸石粉；
(3)将植物性吸附剂与香味剂混合，得到混合物A；
(4)将杀菌剂与总量30％的蒙脱石进行混磨，得到缓释杀菌剂B；
(5)将吸水剂与改性钙镁基蒙脱石进行混磨，得到有机-无机混合物C；
(6)将粒径60～100目沸石粉、粒径20～60目沸石粉、混合物A、缓释杀菌剂B和有机-无机混合物C混合均匀，即得成品。
所取得的有益效果：
(1)无水硫酸镁能够将游离水吸纳后转成结晶水，既吸收了水分，还能使得物料表面干燥，有良好的流动性。改性钙镁基蒙脱石既具有了强大的吸水性能，又对氨气、硫化氢等有害气体有强大的吸附作用。
(2)细颗粒沸石粉(60～100目)有强大的孔道，产生很强的物理吸附，能够与改性钙镁基蒙脱石协同作用，对氨气、硫化氢等有害气体具有吸附作用。粗颗粒沸石粉(20～60目)吸水后不粘附，容易脱落，且起到摩擦料的作用，在母畜等活动场所能够起到防止母畜滑倒摔伤的作用。
(3)木屑或稻壳粉为植物性吸附剂，对仔畜体表的羊水黏液有很好的结合作用，且结团后易脱落。另外能够吸附香味剂，缓慢释放，对仔畜起到合群、安神的作用。
(4)二甲酸钾或二氯异腈尿酸钠对任何致病菌都具有强力杀灭作用，但因其有强烈的刺激性气味而使得畜禽等动物产生应激反应，故与蒙脱石进行混磨，形成缓释杀菌剂B，既能够将气味消除，又能够持续杀菌。
(5)吸水剂利用改性钙镁基蒙脱石作为载体，进行混磨、负载，形成强力吸水、纳水的有机-无机混合物C。该有机-无机混合物C吸水后湿而不粘，容易脱落。
进一步的，改性钙镁基蒙脱石的粒径为60～100目。
所取得的有益效果：蒙脱石经无水硫酸镁改性后，其吸水率增大，且粒径越小，吸水率越高。
进一步的，所述步骤(1)中雷蒙机转速为20r/min。
进一步的，步骤(5)中混磨温度≤50℃。
所取得的有益效果：吸水剂受加工温度影响，温度越高变粘，吸水率下降。
上述干粉剂的用途：
(1)仔畜接生爽身；
(2)干燥动物圈舍；
(3)吸附圈舍氨气；
(4)抑制细菌繁殖；
(5)减少疾病发生；
(6)清理料线料塔。
上述干粉剂的使用方法：
(1)用于高温、高湿、阴冷保温不足、冬季封闭的圈舍时，使用喷撒机或手扬撒，改善环境。
(2)仔畜接生时，将本发明干粉剂在动物体表洒落或涂抹。
由于此类产品没有国家、行业标准，本发明同时给出了科学、简便可行的对此类产品的评价方法：
(1)吸水性
无论用于环境改善除湿，还是仔畜接生时吸水干燥体表，均需该品具有较高的吸水性才能达到除湿、干燥的效果。
鉴别方法：取同样体积量或质量的干粉剂，分批次加入同体积的水，搅拌，观察干粉剂吸水后的状态。
(2)吸氨性
用于改善圈舍氨气的有害气体时，对氨气的降低能力也是该品优劣的重要指标。
鉴别方法：取几滴氨水，滴落餐巾纸上，迅速将同样量的干粉剂覆盖上，鼻嗅，感觉氨气刺鼻程度。或用氨气测定仪在圈舍喷撒不同干粉剂后测定氨气降低率。
(3)杀菌率
称取1g样品，加入15ml灭菌水，涡旋振荡1min后加入60μl沙门氏菌或杂菌菌悬液，再涡旋振荡1min或大力振摇，在37℃水浴振荡器里静止10min后加入3ml无菌水，取上清液，接种、培养、计数。或用ATP菌落测试仪测定。
(4)PH值
刚出生仔畜体表很娇嫩，若产品PH值过高或过低，呈强酸或碱性(这样产品均有很好的杀菌率)，均会对仔畜体表造成伤害，故用PH试纸对接生粉进行简单测试，是否为中性无刺激的产品。
(5)脱落度
仔畜接生粉，涂于体表后是否易于脱落，不粘手，也是接生粉好坏的重要指标。
鉴别方法：选取一块动物毛皮或毛巾，洒水润湿后，将该品洒落在表面，该品全部润湿后，轻轻抖动，观察脱落情况。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明取得的有益效果为：本发明原料易得，环境友好，且吸水能力强，可以迅速干燥仔畜体表，降氨除湿，而且工艺简单、成本低廉，便于工业化生产，使用方法简单便捷。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所需药剂为常规实验药剂，采购自市售渠道；未提及的实验方法为常规实验方法，在此不再一一赘述。
实施例1
一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石20％、粒径60～100目沸石粉19％、粒径20～60目沸石粉20％、植物性吸附剂20％、吸水剂15％、杀菌剂3％、无水硫酸镁2％和香味剂1％。
植物性吸附剂为木屑。
吸水剂为吸水树脂SAP。
杀菌剂为二甲酸钾。
制备方法：
(1)在70～90℃条件下烘干蒙脱石原料，将总量70％的蒙脱石与无水硫酸镁在雷蒙机(转速为20r/min)中磨细、表面改性，控制粒径60～100目，得改性钙镁基蒙脱石。
(2)将沸石粉烘干，进入颚式破碎机后，再用锤式破碎机进行粉碎，通过双层不同粒径圆筒筛进行筛分，得到粒径60～100目沸石粉和粒径20～60目沸石粉。
(3)将植物性吸附剂与香味剂混合，均匀喷洒少许水，使得香味剂与植物性吸附剂在三维混合机中充分混合，得到混合物A。
(4)杀菌剂与总量30％的蒙脱石(水分含量1～5％)在雷蒙机中低转速(20r/min)情况下进行混磨，得到缓释杀菌剂B。
(5)将吸水剂与改性钙镁基蒙脱石混合，用特制的能够冷却降温的雷蒙机进行混磨，得到有机-无机混合物C。控制物料温度不能高于50℃
(6)将粒径60～100目沸石粉、粒径20～60目沸石粉、混合物A、缓释杀菌剂B和有机-无机混合物C用三维混合机充分混合，计量，包装，即得成品。
实施例2
一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石40％、粒径60～100目沸石粉13％、粒径20～60目沸石粉17％、植物性吸附剂15％、吸水剂10％、杀菌剂2％、无水硫酸镁2％和香味剂1％。
植物性吸附剂为稻壳粉。
吸水剂为吸水树脂SAP。
杀菌剂为二氯异腈尿酸钠。
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石60％、粒径60～100目沸石粉8％、粒径20～60目沸石粉14％、植物性吸附剂10％、吸水剂5％、杀菌剂1％、无水硫酸镁1％和香味剂1％。
植物性吸附剂为木屑。
吸水剂为吸水树脂SAP。
杀菌剂为二氯异腈尿酸钠。
制备方法同实施例1。
试验1
本发明产品评价数据、结果：
(一)杀菌率试验：
试验方法：称取1g实施例2的样品，加入15ml灭菌水，涡旋振荡1min后加入60μl沙门氏菌菌悬液，再涡旋振荡1min，在37℃水浴振荡器里静止10min后加入3ml无菌水，取上清液，接种、培养、计数。同时用ATP菌落测试仪测定。
Figure BDA0003744727480000061
结果见表1、表2。
表1常规微生物培养试验结果
Figure BDA0003744727480000062
Figure BDA0003744727480000071
表2ATP菌落仪试验结果
Figure BDA0003744727480000072
(二)吸氨性试验：
试验方法：在一密闭透明的箱中，置直径11cm滤纸，将1+50氨水1毫升均匀滴在滤纸上，迅速密闭，待氨气测定仪中显示氨气浓度值稳定后，记录该值，为空白氨气浓度值。同样操作，滤纸上滴入氨水后，迅速将0.1克实施例2的样品均匀撒于表面，密闭，读数。
Figure BDA0003744727480000073
吸氨率结果如表3。
表3氨气吸附率结果
Figure BDA0003744727480000074
实施例4
蒙脱石用无水硫酸镁表面改性前后，吸水率结果如表4：
计算公式如下：
Figure BDA0003744727480000075
其中，m1是容器+吸水后的样品质量；m0是容器质量；m是样品质量。
表4吸水率结果
Figure BDA0003744727480000081
D90为某粒径物料占比为90％。
由表4结果可知：
(1)未改性前的二种物料，粒径大小对吸水率影响不大。
(2)蒙脱石经无水硫酸镁改性后，其吸水率增大，且粒径越小，吸水率越高。
实施例5
此实验旨在表达改性钙镁基蒙脱石与沸石粉协同作用能够提高吸氨率。
改性钙镁基蒙脱石与沸石粉混合前后，吸氨率结果如表5：
表5吸氨率结果
Figure BDA0003744727480000082
由表5结果可知：
(1)60～100目沸石粉与改性钙镁基蒙脱石二种物料，吸氨率相近。
(2)60～100目沸石粉与改性钙镁基蒙脱石经混合后，吸氨率大幅度增高，且与二种物料混合比例没有关系。
实施例6
吸水剂与改性钙镁基蒙脱石同一比例混合的，在不同温度下混磨，吸水率及物料性状结果如表6：
表6吸水率及物料性状结果
Figure BDA0003744727480000083
由表6结果可知：
(1)吸水树脂SAP受加工温度影响，温度越高变粘，吸水率下降。
(2)吸水树脂SAP用改性钙镁基蒙脱石作为混磨载体，能够在中低温情况下仍有良好的吸水能力。
实施例7本发明产品一些实际应用案例：
(一)母猪应用方案：
母猪配种前后及产后，将本发明产品涂抹于母猪的外阴部，起到干燥、抑制细菌进入生殖道内繁殖、预防子宫炎、阴道炎的作用，每天2～3次。
母猪临产前、育仔期间，产房分娩区喷撒本发明产品，可以干燥环境、抑制细菌，预防乳房炎及无乳综合症。
(二)仔猪应用方案：
1、仔猪出生
仔猪临出生前，在仔猪保育箱内喷撒本发明产品，可以干燥环境，驱逐蚊蝇，抑制细菌繁殖，防止黄白痢。
体表涂抹，仔猪出生后将胎衣抹掉后，用本发明产品涂抹、彻底擦干，尤其是脐带部位，本发明产品可使仔猪体表迅速干燥，减少因水分蒸发及外界温度差异所造成的体能流失；使仔猪可以在更短时间内站立行走，更快、更多地吃到母乳，增加活力，提高成活率；(应注意避免将本发明产品直接涂抹于仔猪的口鼻)。
2、哺乳仔猪
仔猪哺乳期间，每天在仔猪生活区域喷撒1～2次本发明产品，直至断奶，其中本发明产品的作用包括：
①保证保育箱及产床的干燥，抑制细菌繁殖，提高地面临界温度；
②吸附圈舍氨气，减少呼吸系统的负担；
③减少细菌性腹泻、感染链球菌引起的关节肿大等常见疾病的发生几率；
④驱逐蚊蝇，提高仔猪成活率。
3、仔猪断脐、去势、剪尾
将本发明产品涂抹于仔猪断脐、去势、剪尾等任何外伤破损处，能加快伤口愈合，且可避免蚊蝇附着于伤口处，避免感染。
4、仔猪转群
转群与混栏的3～5天内，仔猪圈舍喷撒本发明产品，仔猪背部涂抹本发明产品，其特殊气味可减少打斗现象，降低环境应激。
如用于料槽前，也可起到诱食作用。
抑制和减少仔猪断奶应激综合症的发生几率。
(三)奶牛应用方案：
可保持牛床干燥，对牛乳房接触环境进行干燥，减少细菌繁殖；
可防止奶牛的隐性及临床乳腺炎的发生；
可逐渐降低奶牛的体细胞数，提高产奶量；
对牛蹄有干燥、收敛及加快伤口愈合的功效，预防及治疗蹄病；
可吸附氨气、降低有害病菌的繁殖。
备注：
1、可直接将本发明产品均匀喷撒在牛床与奶牛乳房可接触的垫料上；
2、将本发明产品喷撒于奶牛分娩区及去挤奶厅的通道上；
3、奶牛每次削蹄后，将本发明产品涂抹于牛蹄。
(四)犊牛应用方案：
犊牛出生后，均匀涂抹本发明产品，可使体表迅速干燥，脐带迅速干燥、脱落。
特殊气味可驱逐蚊蝇，防止外界细菌的侵害，减少腹泻疾病的发生，保证机体的正常发育。
均匀喷洒于犊牛活动的区域，可干燥环境，吸附氨气。
(五)家禽应用方案：
育雏期间，作为垫料或垫料上喷撒本发明产品，可干燥垫料及禽舍，防止潮湿，减少禽舍的温度、雏禽的体能流失。
本发明产品可使球虫丧失孢子化能力，从而失去传染能力，防止球虫发生。
禽舍日常喷撒，可抑制细菌繁殖，减少鸡白痢等肠道疾病的发生。
吸附氨气、干燥粪便、驱逐蚊蝇，保持舒适的育雏环境。
(六)狐貉貂应用方案：
在每一个笼子下方喷撒本发明产品，确保干燥干净的环境。
仔貂发生皮毛油腻时，可每天喷撒于仔貂身上、巢箱内及母貂乳头。
仔貂移出后定期喷撒本发明产品，减少细菌及寄生虫滋生的条件。
日常喷撒，驱逐蚊蝇、吸附异味、除湿、制臭，减少跳蚤生长的条件。
实施例8
仔猪出生爽身试验：实验地点：内蒙古赤峰市松山区上官地某猪场
实验方案：正在分娩的母猪圈舍，随意选取2头正在分娩的母猪，出生的仔猪分别采用1、常规方法用抹布擦拭后自然干燥2、将仔猪放在装有实施例2制备的干粉剂的盆中涂抹。观察仔猪体表干燥时间、仔猪自行站立吃到初乳时间、脐带愈合时间。
表7实验结果
Figure BDA0003744727480000111
实验结论：
1、涂抹实施例2制备的干粉剂的仔猪，其身体上的粘液更容易干燥，可缩短干燥的时间；
2、涂抹实施例2制备的干粉剂的仔猪，干燥时间缩短，体能流失少，能争取更早时间吃上初乳；
3、将实施例2制备的干粉剂涂抹仔猪脐带，可加快脐带干燥愈合。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，其特征在于，包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石20～60％、粒径60～100目沸石粉8～19％、粒径20～60目沸石粉14～20％、植物性吸附剂10～20％、吸水剂5～15％、杀菌剂1～3％、无水硫酸镁1～2％和香味剂1％。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，其特征在于，包括如下质量百分比的组分：蒙脱石45％、粒径60～100目沸石粉10％、粒径20～60目沸石粉15％、植物性吸附剂15％、吸水剂10％、杀菌剂2％、无水硫酸镁2％和香味剂1％。
3.如权利要求1～2任一所述的一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，其特征在于，所述植物性吸附剂为木屑或稻壳粉。
4.如权利要求1～2任一所述的一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，其特征在于，所述吸水剂为吸水树脂SAP。
5.如权利要求1～2任一所述的一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂，其特征在于，所述杀菌剂为二甲酸钾或二氯异腈尿酸钠。
6.如权利要求1～2任一所述的一种用于养殖环境改善及仔畜接生用干粉剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)将总量70％的蒙脱石与无水硫酸镁在雷蒙机中磨细、表面改性，得改性钙镁基蒙脱石；
(2)将沸石粉经过烘干、粉碎、筛分，得到粒径60～100目沸石粉和粒径20～60目沸石粉；
(3)将植物性吸附剂与香味剂混合，得到混合物A；
(4)将杀菌剂与总量30％的蒙脱石进行混磨，得到缓释杀菌剂B；
(5)将吸水剂与改性钙镁基蒙脱石进行混磨，得到有机-无机混合物C；
(6)将粒径60～100目沸石粉、粒径20～60目沸石粉、混合物A、缓释杀菌剂B和有机-无机混合物C混合均匀，即得成品。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，改性钙镁基蒙脱石的粒径为60～100目。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(1)中雷蒙机转速为20r/min。
9.如权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中混磨温度≤50℃。
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