CN115250691A - High-speed precision seed sowing device and seed sowing method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed precision seed sowing device and seed sowing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115250691A CN115250691A CN202210853725.XA CN202210853725A CN115250691A CN 115250691 A CN115250691 A CN 115250691A CN 202210853725 A CN202210853725 A CN 202210853725A CN 115250691 A CN115250691 A CN 115250691A
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- seed
- discharging
- seeds
- metering
- negative pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/20—Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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Abstract
A high-speed precision seed sowing device and a seed sowing method thereof are provided, the high-speed precision seed sowing device comprises: a seed chamber housing; the air suction chamber shell and the seed chamber shell jointly enclose a seeding working area; a seed-metering drive motor mounted on the air suction chamber housing; the seed discharging disc is connected with the seed discharging driving motor, and forms a seed chamber together with the seed chamber shell, and a plurality of seed discharging holes are uniformly distributed on the seed discharging disc close to the outer edge; the double-arc seed cleaning brush is arranged in the seed chamber corresponding to the seed discharging plate; the seed discharging mechanism is arranged in the shell of the air suction chamber; the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is tightly attached to the seed metering disc to form a closed air suction chamber; the negative pressure fan is hermetically connected with the air inlet of the shell of the air suction chamber; a negative pressure sensor mounted on the air suction chamber housing; and one end of the positive pressure pipe is connected with the air outlet of the negative pressure fan, and the other end of the positive pressure pipe is connected with the positive pressure air blowing port of the seed chamber shell. The invention also provides a seeding method of the high-speed precise seeding apparatus.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural precision seeding technology, in particular to a high-speed precision seeding apparatus and a seeding method thereof.
Background
The high-speed precision seeding technology is to utilize a precision seeder to sow a precise quantity of qualified seeds to a preset position in soil meeting the growth requirement of crops according to the agronomic requirement under the high-speed operation (15 km/h and above). The air-suction seed sowing device completes the processes of seed suction, seed carrying and seed sowing by depending on negative pressure, and can keep better seed sowing performance compared with a mechanical seed sowing device under high-speed operation. Whether stable and controllable negative pressure can be provided is a key factor influencing the seed discharging performance of the air-suction seed discharging device, and in the prior art, the negative pressure required by the seed suction of the air-suction seed discharging device mainly comes from a rear power output shaft (PTO) driving fan or a hydraulic motor driving fan of a tractor. Under the complicated operating environment condition in the field, the negative pressure provided by the PTO driving type fan is easy to fluctuate due to the change of the rotating speed of the tractor engine, so that the phenomena of seeding missing and rebroadcasting are easy to occur, and the seeding precision is influenced. The hydraulic motor driven fan speed is not affected by the tractor engine speed and has better negative pressure stability than a PTO driven fan. However, both of them belong to a centralized air supply structure, and a plurality of branch air pipes are adopted to provide negative pressure for each seed sowing device on the sowing machine, which easily causes the phenomenon of uneven pressure distribution. The air pipes have multiple branches and longer total length, and the air flow pressure loss along the way is large, so that the power loss of the fan is large, and the working efficiency is low.
The air-suction type seed sowing device negative pressure self-supporting technology is a technology for providing negative pressure required by seed suction through a fan or other negative pressure generating devices arranged in a seed sowing device, and due to the fact that a multi-branch air pipe structure is omitted, the on-way loss of air flow pressure is reduced, the negative pressures of the seed sowing devices are independently controlled and do not interfere with each other, the phenomenon that the pressure distribution of the seed sowing devices of the same operation unit is uneven is avoided, and the seeding precision of a seeder during high-speed operation is improved. The negative pressure generated by the seeding apparatus in the prior art is influenced by the advancing speed of the seeding machine and the slippage of the land wheel, so that the control precision of the negative pressure is low and the fluctuation exists; there is a lack of an environmentally friendly design for reducing pollutant emissions for pneumatic seed metering devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a high-speed precision seed sowing device and a seed sowing method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high-speed precision seed sowing device, comprising:
a seed chamber housing;
the air suction chamber shell is connected with the seed chamber shell and forms a seed discharging working area together with the seed chamber shell, and the seed discharging working area comprises a seed filling area, a seed cleaning area, a seed carrying area and a seed discharging area;
the seed metering driving motor is arranged on the air suction chamber shell and is positioned in the seed metering working area;
the seed discharging disc is connected with the seed discharging driving motor, is positioned in the seed discharging working area, is close to one side of the seed chamber shell, and forms a seed chamber together with the seed chamber shell, and a plurality of seed discharging type holes are uniformly distributed on the seed discharging disc close to the outer edge;
the double-arc-shaped seed cleaning brush is arranged in the seed cleaning area corresponding to the seed discharging plate and is used for cleaning redundant seeds adsorbed at the position of the seed discharging hole and keeping single-hole single seeds to enter the seed feeding area;
the seed discharging mechanism is arranged in the air suction chamber shell and is used for ejecting the seeds adsorbed by the seed discharging type holes and enabling the seeds to fall into the seed guide pipe;
the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is arranged in the air suction chamber shell and is tightly attached to the seed sowing plate to form a closed air suction chamber;
the negative pressure fan is hermetically connected with the air inlet of the air suction chamber shell and is used for providing negative pressure required by seed suction;
the negative pressure sensor is arranged on the air suction chamber shell and used for detecting and feeding back a negative pressure value in the air suction chamber; and
and one end of the positive pressure pipe is connected with the air outlet of the negative pressure fan, and the other end of the positive pressure pipe is connected with the positive pressure seed blowing port of the seed chamber shell and used for providing positive pressure air flow for seeds separated from the seed discharging disc.
Foretell high-speed precision seed metering ware, wherein, still including keeping off the blank, the seed chamber shell inboard is provided with the baffle mounting groove, it installs to keep off the blank on the baffle mounting groove for stop the seed directly by fill kind of district to the motion of seed metering district, it includes keeps off kind of main part and fender kind of brush hair to keep off the blank, it installs to keep off kind of brush hair keep off in the kind of main part and with the seed metering dish closely laminates.
In the high-speed precise seed sowing device, the seed chamber shell is provided with the seed box connecting plate, the seed inlet and the seed sowing port, and the upper convex restrictor plate is arranged above the seed inlet and used for restricting the seed flow entering the seed chamber; the seed metering port is arranged below the seed chamber shell and connected with the seed guide pipe, the seed metering port comprises a seed channel and an air flow channel, seeds enter the seed channel after being separated from the seed metering disc and fall into a seed bed through the seed guide pipe, and the air flow channel is connected with the positive pressure air pipe to carry out air flow conveying on the seeds entering the seed guide pipe.
The double-arc seed cleaning brush comprises an inner seed brush seat, inner seed bristles, an outer seed brush seat and outer seed bristles, wherein the inner seed bristles and the outer seed bristles are correspondingly arranged on the inner seed brush seat and the outer seed brush seat respectively; the inner seed brush seat and the outer seed brush seat are respectively arranged on the inner side of the seed chamber shell, the inner seed brush hair and the outer seed brush hair are distributed on two sides of the seed discharging type hole, and the distance between the tail ends of the inner seed brush hair and the outer seed brush hair is equal to the average grain size of the sowed seeds.
The double-arc seed cleaning brush further comprises an inner seed brush spring piece and an outer seed brush spring piece, and the inner seed brush seat and the outer seed brush seat are respectively installed on the seed cleaning brush installation seat on the inner side of the seed chamber shell.
In the high-speed precise seed sowing device, the seed sowing type holes close to one side of the seed chamber are of a combination structure of a semi-cylinder and a semi-circular platform, and a seed disturbing plate is arranged on one side of each seed sowing type hole and is an arc-shaped boss; the seed metering type hole close to one side of the air suction chamber is of a horn mouth-shaped reducing structure, and the aperture close to one side of the seed chamber is smaller than the aperture close to one side of the air suction chamber.
In the high-speed precise seed sowing device, the seed sowing driving motor is a direct-current servo holder motor, and a driver is integrated in the seed sowing driving motor and supports CAN bus communication to adjust the rotating speed.
Foretell high-speed precision seed metering ware, wherein, the sealed pad of negative pressure chamber is the elasticity rubber material, the sealed pad bottom of negative pressure chamber install in the sealed pad mounting groove of air suction chamber shell inboard, the sealed top of air suction chamber with the seed metering dish is closely laminated.
In the high-speed precise seed sowing device, the seed discharging mechanism comprises a seed discharging shaft and a seed discharging wheel, the seed discharging wheel is mounted on the seed discharging shaft, the seed discharging shaft is mounted on the inner side of the air suction chamber shell, a spring is arranged between the seed discharging shaft and the air suction chamber shell, and the spring is used for enabling the seed discharging shaft to be tightly attached to the seed sowing disc; the outer edge of the seed discharging wheel is provided with a conical protrusion, the conical protrusion is meshed with the seed sowing hole, and the seed discharging wheel rotates along with the seed sowing disc under the meshing action to complete seed discharging.
In order to better achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a seeding method of a high-speed precision seeding apparatus, wherein the seeding method comprises the following steps:
s100, seeds in the seed box pass through the upper convex flow-limiting plate and then enter a seed chamber through a seed inlet, and the seed-blocking plate blocks the seeds from forming a population in a seed filling area;
s200, starting a negative pressure fan to enable a negative pressure environment to be formed in the air suction chamber, enabling the seed chamber to be communicated with the atmosphere and to be in a normal pressure state, enabling pressure difference to be formed on two sides of the seed metering hole, starting forward operation of a seeder carrying the high-speed precision seeding apparatus after negative pressure is stable, and enabling a seeding driving motor to be started simultaneously to enable a seeding plate to rotate anticlockwise and to be subjected to self-adaptive adjustment along with the forward speed of the seeder;
s300, seed filling: the seed metering disc rotates, the seed disturbing plate generates disturbance on seeds on the upper layer of the seed population, so that the seed population keeps flowing, and the seeds around the seed metering holes are ensured to be adsorbed by negative pressure airflow;
s400, seed cleaning: under the adsorption of negative pressure airflow and the supporting and clamping action of the seed disturbing plate, the seeds adsorbed at the seed discharge holes are separated from the seed group and rotate anticlockwise together with the seed discharging plate, the seeds enter a seed cleaning area II from a seed filling area I, redundant seeds at the seed discharge holes are cleaned by a double-arc seed cleaning brush in the seed cleaning area II, each seed discharging hole is ensured to adsorb only one seed, and the cleaned seeds return to the seed filling area I again;
s500, seeding: the seeds adsorbed by the seed-metering type holes enter a seed-metering area IV through a seed carrying area III, the seeds adsorbed by the seed-metering type holes are ejected out of the seed-metering type holes by a seed unloading wheel, the seeds lose the adsorption effect of negative pressure airflow and fall into a seed channel of a seed-metering opening under the action of self gravity;
s600, seed coating dust passes through an air suction chamber from a seed metering type hole along with negative pressure airflow, enters a negative pressure area at the top of the turbine blade and flows to a positive pressure area at the peripheral edge of the turbine blade to form positive pressure airflow, and the positive pressure airflow passes through a positive pressure pipe and a positive pressure connecting port below a seed chamber shell from the turbine blade and enters an airflow channel of a seed metering port; and
s700, positive pressure air flow containing seed coating dust enters the seed guide pipe along with the seeds, and is covered by soil along with the seeds after being discharged from the seed guide pipe, so that the soil covering process is completed.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention solves the problems of low seed metering precision, poor grain distance stability, easy pollution caused by the discharge of seed coating dust to the air and the like during high-speed operation of the conventional air-suction seed metering device, integrates the servo electric drive function of the seed metering disc and the pressure supply function of a turbine fan into a whole, improves the grain distance control stability, reduces the pollutant discharge while realizing high-speed high-precision seed metering, is environment-friendly, and meets the agricultural requirements of high-speed precision seeding and green planting in a complex field operation environment. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) The negative pressure self-supporting technology is adopted, the negative pressure required by seed suction is provided in a mode of a negative pressure fan arranged in the seed sowing device, a multi-branch air pipe structure of a centralized pneumatic system is omitted, the on-way loss of airflow pressure is reduced, the negative pressure of each seed sowing device is independently controlled and is not interfered with each other, the phenomenon that the pressure distribution of each seed sowing device of the same operation unit is uneven is avoided, and the seeding precision of the seeding machine during high-speed operation is improved;
2) The adopted negative pressure fan is a direct-current brushless turbofan, and compared with an axial flow fan adopted in the prior art, the direct-current brushless turbofan can generate larger negative pressure vacuum degree under the same power consumption, is smaller in size, is convenient to be arranged in a seeding unit, is higher in integration level and control precision, is provided with an encoder for rotating speed feedback, can realize more accurate rotating speed regulation and control under the control of a driver, and realizes that the negative pressure vacuum degree of an air suction chamber can be dynamically regulated according to operation requirements;
3) The positive pressure airflow channel structure which is environment-friendly is adopted, positive pressure airflow containing harmful substances such as seed coating dust and the like is not directly discharged out of the atmosphere after being discharged from the negative pressure fan, and enters the seed guide pipe through the positive pressure air pipe, the seed discharging port of the seed chamber shell and seeds at the same time, and is covered by soil along with the seeds after being discharged out of the seed guide pipe, so that the atmospheric pollution caused by diffusion into the air is avoided, and the coordination and unification of efficient planting and environmental protection are realized.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an outer side structure of a seed chamber housing according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3A is a schematic view of an inner side structure of a seed chamber housing according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a double-arc seed cleaning brush according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a baffle plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a seed discharge plate adjacent to one side of a seed chamber according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a seed plate structure on a side of the air suction chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a seed discharge mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a seal structure of a getter chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the inner side of the air suction chamber housing according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the outer side of the housing of the suction chamber of FIG. 11;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a negative pressure fan according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals
1 seed chamber housing
11 seed inlet
12 case connecting plate
13 convex restrictor plate
14 seed discharging port
15 baffle mounting groove
16 seed cleaning brush mounting seat
17 positive pressure connector
18 seed channel
19 air flow channel
2 double arc shape brush for cleaning seeds
21 external brush holder
22 external species brush hair
23 external-planting brush spring leaf
24 inner planting brush holder
25 inner planting brush hair
26 inner planting brush spring leaf
3 keep off blank
31 seed-blocking main body
32 seed-blocking brush hair
4 seed-metering disc
41 seed-metering type hole
42 disturb the blank
43 mounting hole
44 center positioning shaft
5 unload the organization
51 unload axle
52 wheel unloading wheel
53 spring
54 positioning pin shaft
55 spacing pin
6 air suction chamber sealing gasket
I seed filling area
II seed cleaning area
III seed carrying area
IV seed metering area
7 seed metering driving motor
8 air suction chamber shell
81 sealing gasket mounting groove
82 motor mounting groove
83 wheel-dismounting groove
84 spring fixing groove
85 unload kind of mount pads
86 air outlet
87 air inlet
88 negative pressure sensor mounting hole
89 negative pressure fan mounting seat
9 positive pressure pipe
10 negative pressure sensor
110 negative pressure fan
111 turbine blade
112 motor output shaft
113 dc brushless inductive motor
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings, which are provided for illustration purposes and the like:
in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only used for convenience in describing the structure and operation of the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the portions indicated must have specific orientations and operate in specific orientations, and thus, the present invention should not be construed as being limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. The invention relates to a high-speed precision seed sowing device, which comprises: a seed chamber housing 1; the air suction chamber shell 8 is fixedly connected with the seed chamber shell 1 through bolts and forms a seed discharging working area together with the seed chamber shell 1, and the seed discharging working area comprises a seed charging area I, a seed clearing area II, a seed carrying area III and a seed discharging area IV; the bottom of the seed metering driving motor 7 is arranged at a motor mounting groove 82 on the air suction chamber shell 8 and is positioned in the seed metering working area, and the top of the seed metering driving motor is fixed with the seed metering disc 4 through bolts and is used for driving the seed metering disc 4 to rotate; the seeding driving motor 7 is preferably a 24V direct current servo pan-tilt motor, a driver is integrated in the seeding driving motor 7, and CAN bus communication is supported for rotating speed adjustment; the seed discharging disc 4 is fixedly connected with the top surface of the seed discharging driving motor 7 through bolts, is positioned in the seed discharging working area, is close to one side of the seed chamber shell 1, and forms a seed chamber together with the seed chamber shell 1 in a surrounding way, and a plurality of seed discharging holes 41 are uniformly distributed on the seed discharging disc 4 close to the outer edge; the double-arc-shaped seed cleaning brush 2 is arranged in a seed cleaning area II on the inner side of the seed chamber shell 1 corresponding to the seed discharging disc 4 and is used for cleaning redundant seeds adsorbed at the seed discharging type hole 41 and keeping single-hole single seeds to enter a seed feeding area; the seed unloading mechanism 5 is arranged at a seed unloading mounting seat 85 inside the air suction chamber shell 8 and used for ejecting the seeds adsorbed by the seed discharging type holes 41 and enabling the seeds to fall into the seed guide pipe; the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is arranged in the sealing gasket mounting groove 81 on the inner side of the air suction chamber shell 8, and the top of the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is tightly attached to the seed metering disc 4 to form a closed air suction chamber; the negative pressure fan 110 is arranged at a fan mounting seat outside the air suction chamber shell 8, the top of the negative pressure fan is hermetically connected with the air inlet 87 of the sealing gasket mounting groove 81 of the air suction chamber shell 8, and the negative pressure fan is used for providing negative pressure required by seed suction for the air suction chamber; the negative pressure sensor 10 is arranged at a negative pressure sensor mounting hole 88 on the air suction chamber shell 8 and used for detecting and feeding back a negative pressure value in the air suction chamber; and a positive pressure pipe 9, one end with negative-pressure air fan 110's air outlet 86 is connected, positive pressure pipe 9's the other end with the malleation mouth of blowing of outdoor shell of seed 1 is connected for breaking away from the seed of seed metering dish 4 provides positive pressure air current, and the harmful substance that contains seed coating dust in the positive pressure air current is followed the seed and is got into the seed guide, is covered by soil simultaneously along with the seed after breaking away from the seed guide, avoids diffusing to cause the atmospheric pollution in the air.
Referring to fig. 2 to 3B, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an outer side structure of a seed chamber housing 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating an inner side structure of a seed chamber housing 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3B is a cross-sectional view of fig. 3A taken along line B-B. The seed chamber housing 1 of the embodiment is provided with a seed box connecting plate 12, a seed inlet 11 and a seed discharging port 14, the seed chamber housing 1 is connected with a seed box through bolts, the seed inlet 11 is arranged at the joint, and an upper convex restrictor plate 13 is arranged above the seed inlet 11 and used for limiting the flow of seeds entering the seed chamber from the seed box, avoiding dense population accumulation and being beneficial to improving the seed filling effect; seed metering mouth 14 sets up seed room shell 1 below, its end with the seed guide is connected, seed metering mouth 14 includes seed passageway 18 and air current channel 19, and the seed breaks away from get into behind the seed metering dish 4 seed passageway 18, and pass through the seed guide falls into the seedbed, and 14 air current channel of seed metering mouth 19 tops are equipped with malleation connector 17 for connect the malleation tuber pipe, air current channel 19 with the malleation tuber pipe is connected, and the malleation tuber pipe is flowed through to the positive pressure air that negative-pressure air fan 110 air outlet 86 produced and the malleation connector 17 gets into 14 air current channel 19 of seed metering mouth, in order to the entering the seed of seed guide carries out the air current and carries.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a double-arc seed cleaning brush 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The double-arc-shaped seed cleaning brush 2 comprises an inner seed brush seat 24, inner seed brush bristles 25, an outer seed brush seat 21 and outer seed brush bristles 22, wherein the inner seed brush bristles 25 and the outer seed brush bristles 22 are correspondingly arranged on the inner seed brush seat 24 and the outer seed brush seat 21 respectively; the inner planting brush seat 24 and the outer planting brush seat 21 are respectively installed on the inner side of the seeding chamber shell 1, the seed cleaning brush installation seat 16 is arranged on the inner side of the seeding chamber shell 1, and a baffle installation groove 15 is arranged below the seed cleaning brush installation seat 16 and used for fixing the baffle plate 3. Four groups of the inner seed brush bristles 25 and four groups of the outer seed brush bristles 22 are distributed on two sides of the seed discharging type holes 41 and are used for clearing and cleaning redundant seeds adsorbed at the seed discharging type holes 41; the distance between the tail ends of the inner seed brush bristles 25 and the outer seed brush bristles 22 is equal to the average grain diameter of the sowed seeds, and the inner seed brush bristles 25 and the outer seed brush bristles 22 can be adjusted according to the change of the grain diameter of the sowed seeds so as to ensure the seed cleaning effect. The double-arc seed cleaning brush 2 further comprises an inner seed brush spring piece 26 and an outer seed brush spring piece 23, the inner seed brush seat 24 and the outer seed brush seat 21 are fixed in the middle of the inner seed brush spring piece 26 and the outer seed brush spring piece 23 through bolts respectively, and two ends of the inner seed brush spring piece 26 and two ends of the outer seed brush spring piece 23 are fixed on the seed cleaning brush mounting seat 16 on the inner side of the seed chamber shell 1 through bolts. The inner and outer seed brushes can be tightly attached to the seed plate 4 by the elastic action of the inner seed brush spring pieces 26 and the outer seed brush spring pieces 23, and the seed cleaning effect is improved.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a baffle plate 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, still can include fender seed 3, 1 inboard of seed chamber shell is provided with baffle mounting groove 15, the installation of fender seed 3 is fixed on baffle mounting groove 15 for stop the seed directly by fill kind district I to the motion of seed metering district IV, fender seed 3 is including keeping off kind of main part 31 and keeping off kind brush hair 32, keep off kind of brush hair 32 and install keep off kind of main part 31 on and with seed metering dish 4 closely laminates, avoid the seed to pass from brush hair and seed metering dish 4 clearance, and effectively reduce fender seed 3 with the frictional resistance between the seed metering dish 4, produced load torque when reducing seed metering dish 4 and rotating.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a seed discharging plate 4 near a seed chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the seed discharging plate 4 near an air suction chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the seed discharge holes 41 near one side of the seed chamber are of an abnormal hole structure formed by combining a semi-cylinder and a semi-circular truncated cone, a seed disturbing plate 42 is arranged on one side of each seed discharge hole 41, the seed disturbing plate 42 is an arc-shaped boss, and the seed discharge plate 4 can disturb a seed group when rotating, so that the seed charging efficiency is improved; the seed metering type hole 41 close to one side of the air suction chamber is of a horn-mouth-shaped reducing structure, the aperture close to one side of the seed chamber is smaller than the aperture close to one side of the air suction chamber, and the negative pressure vacuum degree at the position of the seed metering type hole is favorably improved under the condition that the rotating speed of a fan is unchanged. A central positioning shaft 44 is arranged on one side of the seed discharging disc 4 close to the air suction chamber and is matched with a positioning hole on the upper top surface of the seed discharging driving motor 7, and four mounting holes 43 are distributed on the outer side of the central positioning shaft 44 of the seed discharging disc 4 and are fixed on the upper top surface of the seed discharging driving motor 7 through bolts.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, fig. 8 is a front view of a seed discharging mechanism 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 9 is a top view of fig. 8. The seed discharging mechanism 5 comprises a seed discharging shaft 51 and a seed discharging wheel 52, the seed discharging wheel 52 is installed on the seed discharging shaft 51, the seed discharging shaft 51 is fixedly installed at a seed discharging installation seat 85 inside the air suction chamber shell 8 through a positioning pin shaft 54, a seed discharging groove 83 is formed in the inner side of the air suction chamber shell 8 corresponding to the seed discharging installation seat 85, a limiting pin 55 is arranged on the positioning pin shaft 54, a spring 53 is arranged between the seed discharging shaft 51 and a spring fixing groove 84 inside the air suction chamber shell 8, and the spring 53 is used for enabling the seed discharging shaft 51 to be tightly attached to the seed discharging disc 4 under the action of spring pre-tightening force so as to ensure that the seed discharging shaft 51 and the seed discharging type hole 41 are always in a meshing state; the seed discharging wheel 52 is made of elastic rubber, the outer edge of the seed discharging wheel is provided with a conical protrusion, the conical protrusion is meshed with the seed discharging type hole 41, and when the seed discharging disc 4 rotates, the seed discharging wheel 52 rotates along with the seed discharging disc 4 under the meshing effect to complete seed discharging.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the seal 6 of the air suction chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention. The negative pressure chamber sealing gasket of the embodiment is preferably made of elastic rubber, the bottom of the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is installed in a sealing gasket installation groove 81 on the inner side of the air suction chamber shell 8, and an air inlet 87 is formed in the tail end of the sealing gasket installation groove 81 and used for connecting the negative pressure fan 110 with the air suction chamber; a mounting opening of the negative pressure sensor 10 is formed in the middle of the sealing gasket mounting groove 81 and used for fixing the negative pressure sensor 10; the top of the air suction chamber sealing gasket 6 is tightly attached to the seed discharging plate 4 to form an air suction chamber with good sealing performance, so that the negative pressure value required by seed suction is reduced.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, fig. 11 is a schematic view illustrating an inner side structure of the suction chamber housing 8 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 12 is a schematic view illustrating an outer side structure of the suction chamber housing 8 of fig. 11. And a fan mounting seat is arranged on the outer side of the air suction chamber shell 8 and used for fixing the negative pressure fan 110, and an air outlet 86 is arranged outside the fan mounting seat and used for connecting the positive pressure pipe 9. The negative pressure sensor 10 is connected with the air suction chamber shell 8 through bolts, and a rubber sealing O-shaped ring is arranged at the joint for improving the sealing performance of the joint. Namely, the sealing gasket mounting groove 81 is arranged at the inner side of the air suction chamber shell 8 and is used for fixing the air suction chamber sealing gasket 6, and the tail end of the sealing gasket mounting groove 81 is provided with an air inlet 87 which is used for connecting the negative pressure fan 110 and the air suction chamber; the negative pressure sensor mounting hole 88 is arranged in the middle of the gasket mounting groove 81 and is used for fixing the negative pressure sensor 10; the negative pressure sensor mounting hole 88 is connected with the negative pressure sensor 10 through a bolt, and a rubber sealing O-shaped ring is arranged at the joint for improving the sealing performance of the negative pressure sensor mounting hole 88.
Referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a negative pressure fan 110 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Negative-pressure air fan 110 includes turbine blade 111, motor output shaft 112, and brushless induction motor 113 of direct current, can regulate and control the fan rotational speed through the brushless driver of direct current, negative-pressure air fan 110 is inside to be equipped with hall sensor, can feed back the fan rotational speed in real time. 4 mounting holes are formed in the edge of the direct-current brushless inductive motor 113 and are fixedly connected to a negative-pressure fan mounting seat 89 on the outer side of the air suction chamber shell 8 through bolts; the dc brushless induction motor 113 drives the turbine blades 111 to rotate through the motor output shaft 112 to generate negative pressure airflow. When the turbine blade 111 rotates, a negative pressure region is formed at the top of the turbine blade 111, and a positive pressure region is formed at the peripheral edge of the turbine blade 111, and the air flow flows from the negative pressure region to the positive pressure region.
When the high-speed precision seed metering device works, the positive pressure air flow channel 19 with good sealing performance is adopted, seeds in the seed chamber fall off to form tiny particle suspension under the action of friction or collision, harmful substances including seed coating dust and the like can enter a negative pressure area at the top of the turbine blade 111 from the seed chamber 41 through the air suction chamber sealing gasket 6 and flow to a positive pressure area at the peripheral edge of the turbine blade 111 to form positive pressure air flow along with the negative pressure air flow in the process that the seeds are adsorbed in the seed chamber 41, the positive pressure air flow enters the air flow channel 19 of the seed chamber shell 1 through the positive pressure pipe 9 and the positive pressure connecting port 17 below the seed chamber shell 1 by the turbine blade 111 and simultaneously enters the seed guide pipe along with the seeds, and the positive pressure air flow channel is covered with the seeds after the seed guide pipe is discharged, so that the atmospheric pollution caused by the diffusion of the seeds in the air is avoided.
The invention relates to a seed metering method of a high-speed precise seed metering device, which comprises the following steps:
s100, after the seeds in the seed box are subjected to the flow limiting effect of the upper convex flow limiting plate 13, the seeds enter a seed chamber from the seed inlet 11, and due to the blocking effect of the seed baffle plate 3, the seeds do not directly enter a seed throwing area IV from a seed filling area I, but form a population with a proper quantity in the seed filling area I;
step S200, starting a negative pressure fan 110 to enable a negative pressure environment to be formed in the air suction chamber, enabling the seed chamber to be communicated with the atmosphere and be in a normal pressure state, forming pressure difference on two sides of the seed metering type hole 41, starting forward operation of a seeder carrying a high-speed precision seed metering device after the negative pressure is stable, and starting a seed metering driving motor 7 simultaneously to enable a seed metering disc 4 to rotate anticlockwise and to perform self-adaptive adjustment along with the forward speed of the seeder;
step S300, a seed filling step: the seed discharging disc 4 is contacted with the seed group in the rotating process, the seed disturbing plate 42 on the seed discharging disc 4 generates certain disturbing effect on the seeds on the upper layer of the seed group, so that the accumulated seed group keeps a flowing state, the contact resistance between the seeds is reduced, the seed filling efficiency is improved, the seeds around the shaped hole are easier to be adsorbed by negative pressure airflow, and the seed filling process is completed;
step S400, seed cleaning step: the seeds adsorbed at the holes are separated from the population and rotate anticlockwise along with the seed discharging disc 4 under the adsorption action of the negative pressure air flow of the holes and the supporting and clamping action of the seed disturbing plate 42, the seeds enter a seed cleaning area II from the seed filling area I, the double-arc seed cleaning brushes 2 of the seed cleaning area II brush off the redundant seeds at the holes, each hole is ensured to adsorb only one seed, the brushed seeds return to the seed filling area I again, and the seed cleaning process is finished;
step S500, seeding step: the seeds adsorbed by the seed-metering holes 41 enter the seed-metering area IV through the seed carrying area III, the seed-unloading wheel 52 pushes the seeds adsorbed at the seed-metering holes 41 out of the seed-metering holes 41, the seeds lose the adsorption effect of negative pressure airflow and fall into the seed channel 18 of the seed-metering port 14 under the action of self gravity, and the seed-metering process is completed;
step S600, harmful substances including seed coating dust and the like pass through an air suction chamber from a seed metering hole 41 along with negative pressure air flow, enter a negative pressure region at the top of a turbine blade 111 and flow to a positive pressure region at the peripheral edge of the turbine blade 111 to form positive pressure air flow, and the positive pressure air flow passes through a positive pressure pipe 9 and a positive pressure connecting port 17 below a seed chamber shell 1 from the turbine blade 111 and enters an air flow channel 19 of a seed metering port 14; and
and step S700, the positive pressure air flow containing harmful substances such as seed coating dust enters the seed guide pipe along with the seeds, and the positive pressure air flow is covered by soil along with the seeds after being discharged from the seed guide pipe to finish the earthing process, so that the harmful substances such as seed coating dust are prevented from diffusing into the air to cause air pollution.
The high-speed precise seed sowing device adopts the positive pressure air flow channel 19 with good sealing performance, and positive pressure air containing harmful substances such as seed coating dust and the like discharged by the negative pressure fan 110 flows through the positive pressure air pipe, the seed discharging port 14 of the seed chamber shell 1 and seeds and simultaneously enters the seed guide pipe, and is covered by soil along with the seeds after being discharged from the seed guide pipe. The negative pressure self-feeding technology is adopted, the servo electric drive and turbine fan pressure supply functions of the seeding plate 4 are integrated, and the environment-friendly positive pressure air flow channel 19 structure is adopted, so that the coordination and unification of high-efficiency planting and environment protection are realized.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A high speed precision seed metering device, comprising:
a seed chamber housing;
the air suction chamber shell is connected with the seed chamber shell and forms a seed discharging working area together with the seed chamber shell, and the seed discharging working area comprises a seed filling area, a seed cleaning area, a seed carrying area and a seed discharging area;
the seed metering driving motor is arranged on the air suction chamber shell and is positioned in the seed metering working area;
the seed discharging disc is connected with the seed discharging driving motor, is positioned in the seed discharging working area, is close to one side of the seed chamber shell, and forms a seed chamber together with the seed chamber shell, and a plurality of seed discharging type holes are uniformly distributed on the seed discharging disc close to the outer edge;
the double-arc-shaped seed cleaning brush is arranged in the seed cleaning area corresponding to the seed discharging disc and is used for cleaning redundant seeds adsorbed at the position of the seed discharging hole and keeping single-hole single seeds to enter the seed feeding area;
the seed discharging mechanism is arranged in the air suction chamber shell and is used for ejecting the seeds adsorbed by the seed discharging type holes and enabling the seeds to fall into the seed guide pipe;
the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is arranged in the air suction chamber shell and is tightly attached to the seed sowing plate to form a closed air suction chamber;
the negative pressure fan is hermetically connected with the air inlet of the air suction chamber shell and is used for providing negative pressure required by seed suction;
the negative pressure sensor is arranged on the air suction chamber shell and used for detecting and feeding back a negative pressure value in the air suction chamber; and
and one end of the positive pressure pipe is connected with the air outlet of the negative pressure fan, and the other end of the positive pressure pipe is connected with the positive pressure seed blowing port of the seed chamber shell and used for providing positive pressure air flow for seeds separated from the seed discharging disc.
2. The high-speed precision seed sowing device according to claim 1, further comprising a seed baffle plate, wherein a baffle plate mounting groove is arranged on the inner side of the seed chamber shell, the seed baffle plate is mounted on the baffle plate mounting groove and used for blocking seeds from directly moving from the seed filling area to the seed sowing area, the seed baffle plate comprises a seed baffle main body and seed baffle bristles, and the seed baffle bristles are mounted on the seed baffle main body and are tightly attached to the seed sowing disc.
3. The high-speed precision seed sowing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed chamber shell is provided with a seed box connecting plate, a seed inlet and a seed sowing port, and an upper convex flow limiting plate is arranged above the seed inlet and used for limiting the seed flow entering the seed chamber; the seed metering port is arranged below the seed chamber shell and connected with the seed guide pipe, the seed metering port comprises a seed channel and an air flow channel, seeds enter the seed channel after being separated from the seed metering disc and fall into a seed bed through the seed guide pipe, and the air flow channel is connected with the positive pressure air pipe to carry out air flow conveying on the seeds entering the seed guide pipe.
4. The high-speed precision seed sowing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the double-arc seed cleaning brush comprises an inner seed brush holder, inner seed bristles, an outer seed brush holder and outer seed bristles, and the inner seed bristles and the outer seed bristles are respectively correspondingly arranged on the inner seed brush holder and the outer seed brush holder; the inner seed brush seat and the outer seed brush seat are respectively arranged on the inner side of the seed chamber shell, the inner seed brush hair and the outer seed brush hair are distributed on two sides of the seed discharging type hole, and the distance between the tail ends of the inner seed brush hair and the outer seed brush hair is equal to the average grain diameter of the sowed seeds.
5. The high-speed precision seed sowing device of claim 4, wherein the double-arc-shaped seed cleaning brush further comprises an inner seed brush spring leaf and an outer seed brush spring leaf, and the inner seed brush seat and the outer seed brush seat are respectively arranged on the seed cleaning brush mounting seat on the inner side of the seed chamber shell through the inner seed brush spring leaf and the outer seed brush spring leaf.
6. The high-speed precision seed sowing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed sowing type holes close to one side of the seed chamber are of a combination structure of a semi-cylinder and a semi-circular table, one side of each seed sowing type hole is provided with a seed disturbing plate, and the seed disturbing plate is an arc-shaped boss; the seed metering type hole close to one side of the air suction chamber is of a horn mouth-shaped reducing structure, and the aperture close to one side of the seed chamber is smaller than the aperture close to one side of the air suction chamber.
7. The high-speed precise seed sowing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed sowing driving motor is a direct current servo pan-tilt motor, a driver is integrated in the seed sowing driving motor, and CAN bus communication is supported for rotating speed adjustment.
8. A high-speed precision seed sowing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is made of elastic rubber, the bottom of the negative pressure chamber sealing gasket is arranged in the sealing gasket mounting groove at the inner side of the air suction chamber shell, and the top of the air suction chamber sealing gasket is tightly attached to the seed sowing plate.
9. The high-speed precise seed sowing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seed discharging mechanism comprises a seed discharging shaft and a seed discharging wheel, the seed discharging wheel is mounted on the seed discharging shaft, the seed discharging shaft is mounted inside the air suction chamber shell, a spring is arranged between the seed discharging shaft and the air suction chamber shell, and the spring is used for enabling the seed discharging shaft to be tightly attached to the seed sowing plate; the outer edge of the seed discharging wheel is provided with a conical bulge, the conical bulge is meshed with the seed metering hole, and the seed discharging wheel rotates along with the seed metering disc under the meshing action to complete seed discharging.
10. A seed metering method of a high-speed precision seed metering device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, seeds in the seed box pass through the upper convex flow limiting plate and then enter a seed chamber from a seed inlet, and the seed baffle plate stops the seeds from forming a population in a seed filling area;
s200, starting a negative pressure fan to enable a negative pressure environment to be formed in the air suction chamber, enabling the seed chamber to be communicated with the atmosphere and be in a normal pressure state, forming pressure difference on two sides of the seed metering hole, starting forward operation of a seeder carrying the high-speed precision seed metering device after the negative pressure is stable, and starting a seed metering driving motor simultaneously to enable a seed metering disc to rotate anticlockwise and perform self-adaptive adjustment along with the forward speed of the seeder;
s300, seed filling: the seed metering disc rotates, the seed disturbing plate generates disturbance on seeds on the upper layer of the seed population, so that the seed population keeps flowing, and the seeds around the seed metering holes are ensured to be adsorbed by negative pressure airflow;
s400, seed cleaning: under the adsorption of negative pressure airflow and the supporting and clamping effects of the seed disturbing plate, seeds adsorbed at the positions of the seed discharging holes are separated from the seed groups and rotate anticlockwise together with the seed discharging disc, the seeds enter a seed cleaning area II from the seed charging area I, redundant seeds at the positions of the seed discharging holes are brushed away by a double-arc seed cleaning brush in the seed cleaning area II, each seed discharging hole is ensured to adsorb only one seed, and the brushed-away seeds return to the seed charging area I again;
s500, seeding: the seeds adsorbed by the seed-metering holes enter the seed-metering area IV through the seed carrying area III, the seed-discharging wheel pushes the seeds adsorbed by the seed-metering holes out of the seed-metering holes, the seeds lose the adsorption effect of negative pressure airflow and fall into a seed channel of the seed-metering opening under the action of self gravity;
s600, seed coating dust passes through an air suction chamber along with negative pressure air flow from a seed metering hole, enters a negative pressure area at the top of the turbine blade and flows to a positive pressure area at the peripheral edge of the turbine blade to form positive pressure air flow, and the positive pressure air flow passes through a positive pressure connection port below a positive pressure pipe and a seed chamber shell by the turbine blade and enters an air flow channel of a seed metering port; and
and S700, allowing positive pressure air flow containing seed coating dust to enter a seed guide pipe along with the seeds, and covering the seeds with soil after the seeds are discharged from the seed guide pipe to finish the earthing process.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102804955A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2012-12-05 | 葛俊峰 | Air suction type precision seeding apparatus |
| CN209314271U (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-08-30 | 黑龙江精播科技开发有限公司 | A kind of air-suction seeding unit |
| CN112369169A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-19 | 河南农业大学 | Auxiliary seed filling air suction type precise seed sowing device with negative pressure air chamber concave-convex sealing structure |
| CN114271077A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-05 | 河北农业大学 | Positive and negative pressure combined type soybean precision seed sowing device |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102804955A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2012-12-05 | 葛俊峰 | Air suction type precision seeding apparatus |
| CN209314271U (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-08-30 | 黑龙江精播科技开发有限公司 | A kind of air-suction seeding unit |
| CN112369169A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-02-19 | 河南农业大学 | Auxiliary seed filling air suction type precise seed sowing device with negative pressure air chamber concave-convex sealing structure |
| CN114271077A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-05 | 河北农业大学 | Positive and negative pressure combined type soybean precision seed sowing device |
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