CN115246261A - China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior board and a preparation method thereof belong to the field of automotive interior boards, and particularly relate to a China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior board and a preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems of large pollution, difficult degradation and difficult recovery in the preparation process of the conventional automotive interior trim panel. The hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel comprises a heat insulation layer, a sound absorption bearing layer, a first sound absorption core layer, a sound absorption skeleton layer, a second sound absorption core layer and a sound absorption surface layer, wherein the sound absorption bearing layer, the first sound absorption core layer, the sound absorption skeleton layer, the second sound absorption core layer and the sound absorption surface layer sequentially form the sound absorption layer, and the sound absorption bearing layer is connected with the heat insulation layer. The method comprises the following steps: 1. preparing a heat insulation paper layer; 2. preparing a sound absorption layer; 3. and (6) assembling. The advantages are that: has good heat preservation effect and sound absorption performance, and can not damage the environment. The method is mainly used for preparing the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of interior decoration plates of vehicles, and particularly relates to a China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material interior decoration plate of a vehicle and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The existing interior trimming panels for vehicles mostly adopt polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC) and the like as raw materials, and the raw materials have good antibacterial performance and antistatic performance, but the pollution is large in the preparation process, the degradation and the recovery are difficult, and the damage to the ecological environment is increasingly serious. People are interested in finding composite materials taking recyclable, biodegradable and other natural fibers meeting sustainable development requirements as reinforcements. The hemp bast fiber has excellent performances of strong toughness, high tensile strength, excellent fiber mechanical property and the like, and has wide application prospect as a substitute product of artificial synthetic fiber in the new century. About 90 percent of China hemp fibers are produced in China globally, and Heilongjiang province becomes a main production area of China hemp natural fibers by means of unique China hemp planting regional advantages. Therefore, the research and development of the hemp fiber reinforced composite material are accelerated, the application field of the hemp fiber reinforced composite material is expanded, and the hemp fiber reinforced composite material has important significance for exerting the unique advantages of China, constructing circular economy and enhancing the sustainable and green healthy development of the material field.
China-Hemp (Hemp) planted in China belongs to fiber type Hemp, also called industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L), the composite material with Hemp bast fiber as a reinforcement has excellent performances of good air permeability, moisture absorption, heat insulation, sound absorption and the like, the Hemp bast fiber as the reinforcement and different polymer matrixes such as degradable polylactic acid, polycaprolactone and other resins are added with a small amount of modifier and additive, and the high-performance natural fiber composite material with light weight, high strength, noise reduction and the like is prepared by molding processes such as mixing, melting or laminating, and related research and development are hot spots of global research, and the Hemp bast fiber composite material becomes an important direction in the field of research of new environmental materials at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large pollution, difficult degradation and difficult recovery of the existing automotive interior trim panel in the preparation process, and provides a China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite automotive interior trim panel and a preparation method thereof.
A hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel comprises a heat insulation layer, a sound absorption bearing layer, a first sound absorption core layer, a sound absorption framework layer, a second sound absorption core layer and a sound absorption surface layer, wherein the sound absorption bearing layer, the first sound absorption core layer, the sound absorption framework layer, the second sound absorption core layer and the sound absorption surface layer form a sound absorption layer, the other side of the sound absorption bearing layer, which is deviated from the heat insulation layer, is connected with one side of the first sound absorption core layer, the other side of the first sound absorption core layer, which is deviated from the direction of the sound absorption bearing layer, is connected with one side of the sound absorption framework layer, the other side of the sound absorption framework layer, which is deviated from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer, is connected with one side of the second sound absorption core layer, the other side of the second sound absorption core layer, which is deviated from the direction of the sound absorption framework layer, is connected with one side of the sound absorption surface layer, and the total thickness of the sound absorption layer is not less than 9mm; one side surface of the sound absorption bearing layer, which deviates from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer, is connected with the heat insulation layer.
A preparation method of a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. preparing a heat insulation paper layer: (1) weighing 35-65 parts of hemp fiber, 1-5 parts of basalt fiber, 20-30 parts of polylactic acid fiber and 5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose in parts by weight; the length of the hemp fiber is 3 mm-12 mm, the length of the basalt fiber is 3 mm-12 mm, and the length of the polylactic acid fiber is 3 mm-12 mm; (2) immersing the hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers weighed in the step two (1) in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain mixed fiber slurry I; (3) dissolving the carboxymethyl cellulose weighed in the step two (1) in water to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose solution; (4) adding a carboxymethyl cellulose solution and the basalt fibers weighed in the step two (1) into the mixed fiber slurry I, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain a mixed fiber slurry II; (5) using a sheet making machine to make the mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet mixed fiber layer I; (6) drying the wet mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a heat insulation paper layer; the thickness of the heat insulation paper is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm;
2. preparing a sound absorption layer:
a. preparing a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing China hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (3) drying the wet China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I according to the required thickness to obtain a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of China-hemp fibers in the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 70-80%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 20-30%;
b. preparing a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing the China-hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain China-hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (3) drying the wet mixed fiber layer II in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II according to the required thickness to obtain a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of hemp fibers in the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 30-60%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 40-70%;
c. and (3) needling: firstly, stacking a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, and then vertically needling the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer by using a needling machine to obtain a low-hemp and high-hemp composite fiber felt;
d. molding: (1) the low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt, the porous core layer framework and the low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt are sequentially stacked in the mode of taking the porous core layer framework layer as a sound-absorbing framework layer, taking the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as a sound-absorbing bearing layer and a sound-absorbing surface layer, taking the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as materials of a first sound-absorbing core layer and a second sound-absorbing core layer, and the two opposite sides of the porous core layer framework are respectively connected with one side of the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer of the low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt in a glue brushing mode to obtain a fiber blank; (2) placing the fiber blank in an oven for thermosetting molding to obtain a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section; (3) adjusting the distance between the two hot rollers according to the required thickness, and then carrying out surface finishing on the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section by using the hot rollers to obtain a sound absorbing layer;
3. assembling: and (3) taking the heat insulation paper layer as a heat insulation layer, and connecting the heat insulation layer and one side of the sound absorption bearing layer of the sound absorption layer, which deviates from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer, through glue brushing to obtain the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior decorative plate.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel takes the heat insulation layer as the surface layer, and the sound absorption layer is isolated from the outside by the heat insulation layer, so that good heat insulation effect is achieved. 2. The sound absorption bearing layer, the first sound absorption core layer, the second sound absorption core layer and the sound absorption surface layer of the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel are made of China hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers, the sound absorption bearing layer and the first sound absorption core layer or the sound absorption bearing layer and the first sound absorption core layer are pre-connected by a needling method, two opposite sides of a porous core layer framework are respectively connected with the first sound absorption core layer and the second sound absorption core layer in a glue brushing mode, the sound absorption layer is obtained through thermosetting forming and surface finishing, the sound absorption performance of the China hemp fibers is related to airflow resistance, the airflow resistance reflects the resistance of air passing through unit materials, and needling can improve the sound absorption performance of medium and low frequency regions. The invention adopts a needling method to ensure that the sound absorption layer has good sound absorption performance. 3. Most of the raw materials adopted by the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel can be degraded or recycled, so that the environment cannot be damaged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material interior trim panel for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a honeycomb core skeleton.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a multi-layer corrugated reinforced core framework.
In the drawings: 1-a heat insulation layer, 2-a sound absorption bearing layer, 3-a first sound absorption core layer, 4-a sound absorption skeleton layer, 5-a second sound absorption core layer and 6-a sound absorption surface layer.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is a china hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material interior trim panel for a vehicle, which includes a heat insulating layer 1, a sound absorbing receiving layer 2, a first sound absorbing core layer 3, a sound absorbing skeleton layer 4, a second sound absorbing core layer 5, and a sound absorbing surface layer 6, wherein the sound absorbing receiving layer 2, the first sound absorbing core layer 3, the sound absorbing skeleton layer 4, the second sound absorbing core layer 5, and the sound absorbing surface layer 6 constitute a sound absorbing layer, the other side of the sound absorbing receiving layer 2 away from the heat insulating layer 1 is connected to one side of the first sound absorbing core layer 3, the other side of the first sound absorbing core layer 3 away from the sound absorbing receiving layer 2 is connected to one side of the sound absorbing skeleton layer 4, the other side of the sound absorbing layer 4 away from the first sound absorbing core layer 3 is connected to one side of the second sound absorbing core layer 5, the other side of the second sound absorbing core layer 5 away from the sound absorbing skeleton layer 4 is connected to one side of the sound absorbing surface layer 6, and the total thickness of the sound absorbing layer 2 is not less than 9mm; one side surface of the sound absorption bearing layer 2 departing from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer 3 is connected with the heat insulation layer 1.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment differs from the present embodiment in that: the thickness of the heat insulation layer 1 is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The insulation layer 1 cannot be too thin or otherwise not effective for insulation.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the sound absorption bearing layer 2 and the sound absorption surface layer 6 are the same in thickness, the first sound absorption core layer 3 and the second sound absorption core layer 5 are the same in thickness, the thickness ratio of the first surface layer 1 to the sound absorption skeleton layer 3 is (0.5-1.5): 3, and the thickness ratio of the first core layer 2 to the sound absorption skeleton layer 3 is (1-2): 3. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is as follows: the heat insulation layer 1 is a heat insulation paper layer; the first sound-absorbing core layer 3 and the second sound-absorbing core layer 5 are both high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layers; the sound-absorbing bearing layer 2 and the sound-absorbing surface layer 6 are both low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layers; the sound-absorbing skeleton layer 4 is a porous core layer skeleton layer. The others are the same as the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: with reference to fig. 2 and 3, the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the porous core layer framework layer is a honeycomb layer core layer framework or a multi-layer corrugated enhanced core layer framework. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
In this embodiment, the honeycomb core skeleton or the multi-layer corrugated reinforced core skeleton is selected from SiO 2 Preparation of aerogel/fiber composite heat-insulating packaging material and research on heat-insulating mechanism (Harbin engineering university, 2014, phd paper, zhao Gong, pages 11-12).
The process method of the multi-layer corrugated enhanced core layer framework comprises the following steps: directionally laying fibers to prepare a corrugated board, cutting the corrugated board along the thickness direction to obtain a corrugated strip, and then flatly laying the corrugated strip towards the thickness direction by a corrugated pore channel to prepare a multi-layer corrugated enhanced core layer framework; on the one hand, the corrugated pore channel is used as a sound absorption structure, so that the multi-layer corrugated enhanced type core layer framework has attractive performance, on the other hand, part of fibers in the multi-layer corrugated enhanced type core layer framework are arranged along the thickness direction, and the fiber micro pore channel can further enhance the sound absorption performance of the multi-layer corrugated enhanced type core layer framework.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is as follows: the heat-insulating paper layer is formed by compounding 35-65 parts by weight of hemp fiber, 1-5 parts by weight of basalt fiber, 20-30 parts by weight of polylactic acid fiber and 5 parts by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose. The rest is the same as the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is formed by compounding hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers, wherein the mass fraction of the hemp fibers in the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fibers is 30-50%, and the mass fraction of the polylactic acid fibers is 50-70%; the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is formed by compounding hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers, wherein the mass fraction of the hemp fibers in the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fibers is 70-80%, and the mass fraction of the polylactic acid fibers is 20-30%. The others are the same as in the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: with reference to fig. 1, the embodiment is a method for manufacturing an interior trim panel made of a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material for a vehicle, and the method is specifically completed according to the following steps:
1. preparing a heat insulation paper layer: (1) weighing 35-65 parts of hemp fiber, 1-5 parts of basalt fiber, 20-30 parts of polylactic acid fiber and 5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose according to parts by weight; the length of the hemp fiber is 3 mm-12 mm, the length of the basalt fiber is 3 mm-12 mm, and the length of the polylactic acid fiber is 3 mm-12 mm; (2) immersing the hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers weighed in the step two (1) in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain mixed fiber slurry I; (3) dissolving the carboxymethyl cellulose weighed in the step two (1) in water to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose solution; (4) adding a carboxymethyl cellulose solution and the basalt fibers weighed in the step two (1) into the mixed fiber slurry I, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain a mixed fiber slurry II; (5) using a sheet making machine to make the mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet mixed fiber layer I; (6) drying the wet mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a heat insulation paper layer; the thickness of the heat insulation paper is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm;
2. preparing a sound absorption layer:
a. preparing a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing China hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (3) drying the wet China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I according to the required thickness to obtain a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of hemp fibers in the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 70-80%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 20-30%;
b. preparing a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing the hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (3) drying the wet mixed fiber layer II in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II according to the required thickness to obtain a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of hemp fibers in the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 30-60%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 40-70%;
c. and (3) needling: firstly, stacking a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, and then vertically needling the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer by using a needling machine to obtain a low-hemp and high-hemp composite fiber felt;
d. molding: (1) the method comprises the following steps of taking a porous core layer framework layer as a sound absorption framework layer 4, taking a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as a sound absorption bearing layer 2 and a sound absorption surface layer 6, taking a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as materials of a first sound absorption core layer 3 and a second sound absorption core layer 5, sequentially stacking a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, a porous core layer framework layer, a low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt and a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber felt according to the forms of the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, and gluing and connecting two opposite sides of the porous core layer framework with one side of the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer of the low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt respectively to obtain a fiber blank; (2) placing the fiber blank in an oven for thermosetting molding to obtain a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section; (3) adjusting the distance between the two hot rollers according to the required thickness, and then carrying out surface finishing on the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section by using the hot rollers to obtain a sound absorbing layer;
3. assembling: and (3) taking the heat insulation paper layer as a heat insulation layer 1, and connecting the heat insulation layer 1 and one side of the sound absorption bearing layer 2 of the sound absorption layer, which deviates from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer 3, through glue brushing to obtain the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment is different from the eighth embodiment in that: and in the second step, a needle machine is adopted to carry out vertical needling by using fine needles under the needling force of 5N-20N, uniform vertical needling is carried out according to the space of 1 mm-10 mm, after 1 time of single-side uniform vertical needling, the turnover continues vertical needling, and 2-5 times of single-side vertical needling are carried out to obtain the fiber felt. The rest is the same as the embodiment eight.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the eighth embodiment is different from the ninth embodiment in that: the thermosetting molding in the step two (d 2) is specifically performed as follows: thermosetting at 100-220 deg.c for 10-30 min; the temperature of the hot roll in step two d (3) is 100 to 220 ℃. The others are the same as the embodiments eight or nine.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The following experiments are adopted to verify the effect of the invention:
example 1: as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a method for manufacturing a china-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite automotive interior panel includes a heat insulation layer 1, a sound absorption receiving layer 2, a first sound absorption core layer 3, a sound absorption skeleton layer 4, a second sound absorption core layer 5 and a sound absorption surface layer 6, wherein the sound absorption receiving layer 2, the first sound absorption core layer 3, the sound absorption skeleton layer 4, the second sound absorption core layer 5 and the sound absorption surface layer 6 constitute a sound absorption layer, the other side of the sound absorption receiving layer 2 away from the heat insulation layer 1 is connected to one side of the first sound absorption core layer 3, the other side of the first sound absorption core layer 3 away from the sound absorption receiving layer 2 is connected to one side of the sound absorption skeleton layer 4, the other side of the sound absorption skeleton layer 4 away from the first sound absorption core layer 3 is connected to one side of the second sound absorption core layer 5, the other side of the second sound absorption core layer 5 away from the skeleton layer 4 is connected to one side of the sound absorption surface layer 6, and the total thickness of the sound absorption layer is 15mm; one side surface of the sound absorption bearing layer 2, which is deviated from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer 3, is connected with the heat insulation layer 1; the thickness of the heat insulation layer 1 is 0.3mm; the sound absorption receiving layer 2 and the sound absorption surface layer 6 have the same thickness, the first sound absorption core layer 3 and the second sound absorption core layer 5 have the same thickness, the thickness ratio of the first surface layer 1 to the sound absorption skeleton layer 3 is 1:3, and the thickness ratio of the first core layer 2 to the sound absorption skeleton layer 3 is 2.5; the heat insulation layer 1 is a heat insulation paper layer; the first sound-absorbing core layer 3 and the second sound-absorbing core layer 5 are both high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layers; the sound absorption bearing layer 2 and the sound absorption surface layer 6 are both low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layers; the sound-absorbing framework layer 4 is a porous core layer framework layer; the porous core layer framework layer is a multi-layer corrugated enhanced core layer framework;
the method comprises the following steps:
1. preparing a heat insulation paper layer: (1) weighing 50 parts of hemp fiber, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 25 parts of polylactic acid fiber and 5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose according to parts by weight; the length of the hemp fiber is 8mm, the length of the basalt fiber is 8mm, and the length of the polylactic acid fiber is 8mm; (2) immersing the hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers weighed in the step two (1) in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain mixed fiber slurry I; (3) dissolving the carboxymethyl cellulose weighed in the step two (1) in water to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose solution; (4) adding a carboxymethyl cellulose solution and the basalt fibers weighed in the step two (1) into the mixed fiber slurry I, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain a mixed fiber slurry II; (5) using a sheet making machine to make the mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet mixed fiber layer I; (6) drying the wet mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a heat insulation paper layer;
2. preparing a sound absorption layer:
a. preparing a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing China hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (3) drying the wet China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I according to the required thickness to obtain a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of China-hemp fibers in the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 75%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 25%;
b. preparing a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing the hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (3) drying the wet mixed fiber layer II in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II according to the required thickness to obtain a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of China-hemp fibers in the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 45%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 55%;
c. and (3) needling: firstly, stacking a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, and then vertically needling the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer by using a needling machine to obtain a low-hemp and high-hemp composite fiber felt;
d. molding: (1) the method comprises the following steps of taking a porous core layer framework layer as a sound absorption framework layer 4, taking a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as a sound absorption bearing layer 2 and a sound absorption surface layer 6, taking a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as materials of a first sound absorption core layer 3 and a second sound absorption core layer 5, sequentially stacking a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, a porous core layer framework layer, a low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt and a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber felt according to the forms of the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, and gluing and connecting two opposite sides of the porous core layer framework with one side of the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer of the low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt respectively to obtain a fiber blank; (2) placing the fiber blank in an oven for thermosetting molding to obtain a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section; (3) adjusting the distance between the two hot rollers according to the required thickness, and then carrying out surface finishing on the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section by using the hot rollers to obtain a sound absorbing layer;
3. assembling: and (3) taking the heat-insulating paper layer as the heat-insulating layer 1, and connecting the heat-insulating layer 1 and one side of the sound-absorbing bearing layer 2 of the sound-absorbing layer, which deviates from the direction of the first sound-absorbing core layer 3, by brushing glue to obtain the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel.
In the second step of example 1, a needle machine is used to perform vertical needling with fine needles under a needling force of 10N, the uniform vertical needling is performed according to the spacing of 5mm, the single-side uniform vertical needling is performed for 1 time, then the reverse side continuous vertical needling is performed, and the single-side total vertical needling is performed for 2 times to obtain the fiber felt.
The thermosetting molding operation in step two (2) of example 1 is as follows: thermosetting at 160 deg.C for 10min; the temperature of the hot roll in step two d (3) is 160 ℃.
Example 2: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the thermosetting molding in the step two (d 2) is specifically performed as follows: thermosetting at 160 deg.C for 20min. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the thermosetting molding in the step two (d 2) is specifically performed as follows: thermosetting at 160 deg.C for 30min; the rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 4: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the porous core layer framework layer is a honeycomb layer core layer framework. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 5: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that: the thermosetting molding in the step two (d 2) is specifically performed as follows: thermosetting at 160 deg.C for 20min. The rest is the same as in example 4.
Example 6: the present embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that: the thermosetting molding in the step two (d 2) is specifically performed as follows: thermosetting at 160 deg.C for 30min; the rest is the same as in example 4.
The thermal conductivity of the interior panels of hemp fiber reinforced organic composite materials obtained in examples 1 to 6 was measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the table 1, the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel obtained by the invention has good heat insulation performance.
The sound absorption coefficient and the sound pressure change of the interior decorative plate of the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material obtained in examples 3 to 6 under different frequencies were measured by a standing wave tube method, and the measurement results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
According to the table 2, the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel obtained by the invention has good sound absorption performance.
The mechanical properties of the low-hemp dual-melting-point composite fiber layers obtained in the second step of examples 1 to 6 were measured, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
| Elongation (%) | Breaking length (km) | Tensile strength (kN) | Tensile Strength (kN/m) | Tensile index (N m/g) | |
| Example 1 | 5.9 | 1.14 | 67.4 | 4.49 | 11.1 |
| Example 2 | 6.1 | 1.06 | 63.2 | 4.21 | 10.4 |
| Example 3 | 6.8 | 1.16 | 68.9 | 4.59 | 11.4 |
| Example 4 | 6.5 | 1.13 | 68.7 | 4.58 | 11.5 |
| Example 5 | 6.5 | 1.15 | 68.9 | 4.59 | 11.3 |
| Example 6 | 5.5 | 1.16 | 68.6 | 4.57 | 11.3 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel obtained by the invention has good mechanical properties.
Claims (10)
1. A hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel is characterized by comprising a heat insulation layer (1), a sound absorption bearing layer (2), a first sound absorption core layer (3), a sound absorption skeleton layer (4), a second sound absorption core layer (5) and a sound absorption surface layer (6), wherein the sound absorption bearing layer (2), the first sound absorption core layer (3), the sound absorption skeleton layer (4), the second sound absorption core layer (5) and the sound absorption surface layer (6) form a sound absorption layer, the other side of the sound absorption bearing layer (2) deviating from the heat insulation layer (1) is connected with one side of the first sound absorption core layer (3), the other side of the sound absorption core layer (3) deviating from the sound absorption bearing layer (2) is connected with the other side of the sound absorption skeleton layer (4), the sound absorption skeleton layer (4) deviates from the first sound absorption core layer (3) and is connected with one side of the second sound absorption core layer (5), the other side of the second sound absorption layer (5) deviating from the sound absorption layer (4) is connected with the other side of the sound absorption skeleton layer (6), and the sound absorption surface layer (6) is not lower than 9mm in total thickness; one side of the sound absorption bearing layer (2) departing from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer (3) is connected with the heat insulation layer (1).
2. The automotive interior panel made of hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thermal insulation layer (1) is 0.1mm to 0.5mm.
3. The automotive interior panel made of hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material according to claim 2, wherein the sound absorption receiving layer (2) and the sound absorption surface layer (6) have the same thickness, the first sound absorption core layer (3) and the second sound absorption core layer (5) have the same thickness, the thickness ratio of the first surface layer (1) to the sound absorption skeleton layer (3) is (0.5-1.5): 3, and the thickness ratio of the first core layer (2) to the sound absorption skeleton layer (3) is (1-2): 3.
4. The China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the thermal insulation layer (1) is a thermal insulation paper layer; the first sound-absorbing core layer (3) and the second sound-absorbing core layer (5) are both high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layers; the sound-absorbing bearing layer (2) and the sound-absorbing surface layer (6) are both low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layers; the sound-absorbing framework layer (4) is a porous core layer framework layer.
5. The China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the porous core layer framework layer is a honeycomb layer core layer framework or a multi-layer corrugated reinforced core layer framework.
6. The China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel according to claim 4, wherein the heat insulation paper is compounded by 35 to 65 parts by weight of China hemp fibers, 1 to 5 parts by weight of basalt fibers, 20 to 30 parts by weight of polylactic acid fibers and 5 parts by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose.
7. The China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel according to claim 4, wherein the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber is formed by compounding China-hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers, wherein the China-hemp fibers in the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber are 30-50% by mass, and the polylactic acid fibers are 50-70% by mass; the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber is formed by compounding hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers, wherein the mass fraction of the hemp fibers in the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber is 70-80%, and the mass fraction of the polylactic acid fibers is 20-30%.
8. A preparation method of a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. preparing a heat insulation paper layer: (1) weighing 35-65 parts of hemp fiber, 1-5 parts of basalt fiber, 20-30 parts of polylactic acid fiber and 5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose in parts by weight; the length of the hemp fiber is 3 mm-12 mm, the length of the basalt fiber is 3 mm-12 mm, and the length of the polylactic acid fiber is 3 mm-12 mm; (2) immersing the hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers weighed in the step two (1) in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain mixed fiber slurry I; (3) dissolving the carboxymethyl cellulose weighed in the step two (1) in water to obtain a carboxymethyl cellulose solution; (4) adding a carboxymethyl cellulose solution and the basalt fibers weighed in the step two (1) into the mixed fiber slurry I, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain a mixed fiber slurry II; (5) using a sheet making machine to make the mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet mixed fiber layer I; (6) drying the wet mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a heat insulation paper layer; the thickness of the heat insulation paper is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm;
2. preparing a sound absorption layer:
(1) Preparing a Gao Mashuang melting point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing China hemp fibers and polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry I into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (3) drying the wet China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer I according to the required thickness to obtain a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of hemp fibers in the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 70-80%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 20-30%;
(2) And preparing a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer: (1) immersing the hemp fibers and the polylactic acid fibers in water for swelling, and then adding water for defibering to uniformly distribute the fibers in the water to obtain hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II; (2) using a sheet making machine to make the hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber slurry II into sheets to obtain a wet hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (3) drying the wet mixed fiber layer II in the shade to obtain a single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II; (4) alternately laying the single-layer China hemp/polylactic acid mixed fiber layer II according to the required thickness to obtain a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer; the mass fraction of hemp fibers in the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer is 30-60%, and the mass fraction of polylactic acid fibers is 40-70%;
(3) And (3) needling: firstly, stacking a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, and then vertically needling the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer and the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer by using a needling machine to obtain a low-hemp and high-hemp composite fiber felt;
(4) And forming: the method comprises the following steps of taking a porous core layer framework layer as a sound absorption framework layer (4), taking a low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as a sound absorption bearing layer (2) and a sound absorption surface layer (6), taking a high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer as materials of a first sound absorption core layer (3) and a second sound absorption core layer (5), sequentially stacking a low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt, a porous core layer framework and a low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt according to the forms of the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer, the porous core layer framework and the low-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber felt, and brushing and connecting two opposite sides of the porous core layer framework with one side of the high-hemp double-melting-point composite fiber layer of the low-hemp-high-hemp composite fiber felt respectively to obtain a fiber blank; (2) placing the fiber blank in an oven for thermosetting molding to obtain a hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section; (3) adjusting the distance between the two hot rollers according to the required thickness, and then carrying out surface finishing on the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite section by using the hot rollers to obtain a sound absorbing layer;
3. assembling: and (3) taking the heat insulation paper layer as a heat insulation layer (1), and connecting the heat insulation layer (1) and one side of the sound absorption bearing layer (2) of the sound absorption layer, which deviates from the direction of the first sound absorption core layer (3), through glue brushing to obtain the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior trim panel.
9. The method for preparing the hemp fiber reinforced organic composite vehicular interior trim panel according to claim 8, wherein in the second step (4), a needle machine is used for carrying out vertical needle punching by using fine needles with a needle punching force of 5N-20N, uniform vertical needle punching is carried out according to the interval of 1 mm-10 mm, the single-side uniform vertical needle punching is carried out for 1 time, then the turnover surface is continuously subjected to vertical needle punching, and the single-side uniform vertical needle punching is carried out for 2-5 times in total to obtain the fiber felt.
10. The method for preparing the China hemp fiber reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel according to claim 9, wherein the operating parameters of the hot pressing in the second step (5) (1) are as follows: the hot pressing temperature is 100-130 ℃, the pressure is 0.2-0.8 MPa, and the hot pressing time is 3-5 min; the thermosetting molding in the step three (5) and (1) is specifically operated as follows: thermosetting at 100-220 deg.c for 10-30 min; the temperature of the hot roll in step three (5) (1) is 100 to 220 ℃.
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