CN106515119A - Degradable vehicle interior decoration composite material and processing process thereof - Google Patents
Degradable vehicle interior decoration composite material and processing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
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- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
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- B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
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- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
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- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
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- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
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Abstract
The invention relates to a degradable vehicle interior decoration composite material and a processing process thereof, and provides a degradable vehicle interior decoration composite material having characteristics of high strength, beautiful outlook and low cost and meeting vehicle interior decoration member base requirements, and a processing process thereof, wherein the degradable vehicle interior decoration composite material comprises, by mass, 35-45% of polylactic acid fibers and 55-65% of natural fibers, wherein the natural fibers are fibrilia, the fibrilia is one or compounding of more than any two selected from hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers and/or sisal fibers, the natural fibers further comprise bamboo fibers, a ratio of the fibrilia to the bamboo fibers is 1:0.1-0.5, and the diameter of the bamboo fibers is 0.1-0.9 mm. According to the present invention, the degradable vehicle interior decoration composite material has advantages of green environmental protection raw materials, light weight, no toxicity, no odor, complete biodegradation and recycling, and the mechanical property, the thermal stability, the combustion characteristics, the organic matter volatility, the odor and other indicators of the product completely meet the technical requirements of the vehicle interior decoration material.
Description
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to shaped composite material technical field, more particularly to biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite and its processing technique for automotive upholstery.
Background technology
In today of auto industry fast development, artificial synthetic fiber material is in automotive trim still in critical positions, it is derived from mostly the macromolecular material of petroleum derivation, as the non-renewable and environmental problem of the energy is increasingly highlighted, substituting Conventional petroleum products with degradable biomaterial becomes development trend.After European Union in 2006 and German legislative branch define the ratio of degradation material used by automotive trim, natural fiber is increasingly widely applied using characteristics such as its specific strength height, high, cheap specific modulus, degradable, renewable, environmental protections in the composite as reinforcement.At present the natural-fiber composite material usage amount of foreign countries' each car is probably in 8-15kg, add people's green, health, environmental consciousness it is growing, natural-fiber composite material has inevitably become the focus of American-European vehicle inside decoration material market.This also result in the extensive attention including the automobile industry big country including China, and each big automaker competitively adopts new raw material, new technology, new technique, it is intended to produce the product for more meeting the market demand.Wherein, natural fiber non-woven composite and degradable biological composite material become the emphasis that each automaker and material enterprise competitively develop.
At present, the degradable biomaterial developed has polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone（PCL）, polyester acrylate（PEA）, poly-beta-hydroxy-butyrate（PHB）, poly butylene succinate（PBS）Etc. various completely biodegradable materials.Wherein, polylactic acid (PLA) is even more the focus of current research, as being a kind of fully biodegradable, eco-friendly aliphatic polyester series macromolecular material, polylactic acid (PLA) derives from Renewable resource, can be degradable by microorganism in nature after its use, it is free from environmental pollution, while having the advantages that good mechanical performance and easy processing so as to become most widely used biodegradated polymer materal.Polylactic acid plastic, fiber or thin film are applied in industrial or agricultural and daily life, it is possible to resolve " white pollution " problem, meet the requirement of environmental protection aspect.However, polylactic acid matter is crisp, toughness is poor, the low shortcoming of heat distortion temperature, limits which and apply in wider field.The material that especially automobile, aircraft etc. are used, needs higher mechanical property and heat resistance.For improving the high temperature dimensional stability of plastic, the method for generally adopting has:1st, improve glass transition temperature；2nd, improve degree of crystallinity；3rd, and fiber composite.For polylactic acid, it is probably a kind of relatively effective method with fiber composite.Natural fiber in the nature especially resource very abundant in plant.Low with price, low-density, easily biological-degradable, CO2 emissions are low, and heat-insulated, sound insulation value is excellent, the advantages of specific modulus is high.At present, for natural fiber strengthens the research of composite mainly using natural plant fibre as reinforcing material, petroleum base derivatives resin is used as matrix.BASF Corp. of Germany produces car enterprises using Corchorus olitorius L. reinforced polypropylene compound material, inhales the standby wheel cover of noise plate, using Folium Agaves Sisalanae/compound polyurethane material production Interior panel for car door, inhales noise plate.At home, the mechanism such as Zhongshan University, National University of Defense technology is also studied to natural fiber and unsaturated-resin and the compound of polyurethane, achieves certain breakthrough at aspects such as material mechanical performance, heat resistances.But the maximum shortcoming of these materials is cannot be degradable.For substituting these petroleum based materials, polylactic acid is applied in broader field, the problem that enhancing modified is worth research is carried out using natural fiber to polylactic acid.Such as Chinese Patent Application No. is 201010269051.6 to disclose a kind of composition material formed by natural fiber matter and synthetic resin or polylactic acid, resin is with the addition of wherein, containing the harmful substance such as formaldehyde or tripolycyanamide, although low cost, but the feature of environmental protection is poor, elastic properties of materials is poor, and fire resistance does not reach UL94-V0.Chinese Patent Application No. discloses a kind of natural fiber/polylactic acid composite material and preparation method thereof for 201210219204.5, the composite is mainly used in the plastic article industries such as thin film, section bar, sheet material and container, material mechanical performance, sound absorption qualities, poor flame retardant properties, are not suitable for used in automotive interior material field.
The content of the invention,
The present invention is directed to problem above, there is provided one kind meets automotive upholstery fundamental importance, and with higher-strength, the biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite of attractive in appearance, low cost and its processing technique.
The technical scheme is that：Component comprising following mass percent,
Acid fiber by polylactic 35-45%；
Natural fiber 55-65%.
The natural fiber is：Described natural fiber is flaxen fiber, and the flaxen fiber is：A kind of or any two or more compoundings in hemp, tossa, flax fiber and/or sisal fiber.
Ratio in the natural fiber also including bamboo fibre, the flaxen fiber and bamboo fibre is 1：0.1-0.5；The bamboo fibre is diameter 0.1-0.9mm.
The processing technique of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1）, acid fiber by polylactic and natural fiber weighed by mass percentage, feeding mixing device is mixed；
2）, by composite fibre feeding opener carry out shredding, make fiber reach dispersity by compact state；
3）, make horizontal, the longitudinal direction of fiber reach quantitative, uniformity by cotton feeder；
4）, thin net state formed by carding machine combing；
5）, feeding lapping machine formed cross folding be multilamellar web layer；
6）, multilamellar web layer feeding acupuncture unit inserting needle thorn fixed, form fine and close state；Obtain numb felt blanket；
7）, glue spraying dipping, toward fiber crops felt blanket one side uniformly spray natural gum；
8）, compound suppressing, take the numb felt blanket for being sprayed with natural gum described at least two panels, glue spraying faces interior, compound suppressing；It is obtained.
The manufacturing procedure of the natural fiber is：
a）, by bamboo burst；
b）, go that bamboo is blue or green, Concretio silicea Bambusae seu schizostachyi；
c）, plane silk, by bamboo chip slicing be diameter 0.1-0.9mm, length more than 50mm thin bamboo silk；
d）, thin bamboo silk mixed with natural fiber.
The thin bamboo silk pH value is dipping 4-10 minutes in the solution of 5-6.
Present invention material environmental protection, quality are slim and graceful, nonpoisonous and tasteless, all biodegradable, recycling.The mechanical property of product, heat stability, combustion characteristics, Organic substance volatile quantity and the index such as odor profiles fully meet the technical requirements of vehicle inside decoration material, the interior material at the positions such as roof of the vehicle, door-plate, trim packing plate, luggage compartment, seat back, hat rack, instrumental panel, hood and gear shift cover be can be applicable to the sheet material made by material hot pressing, with good absorbing sound and lowering noise, breathable insulation, heat-resisting, weatherability and fire resistance, can be degradable, and with higher aesthetic.
Specific embodiment
Component comprising following mass percent,
Acid fiber by polylactic 35-45%；
Natural fiber 55-65%.
The natural fiber is：Described natural fiber is flaxen fiber, and the flaxen fiber is：A kind of or any two or more compoundings in hemp, tossa, flax fiber and/or sisal fiber.
Ratio in the natural fiber also including bamboo fibre, the flaxen fiber and bamboo fibre is 1：0.1-0.2；The bamboo fibre is diameter 0.1-0.9mm.After molding, bamboo silk is presented yellow, increases the aesthetic measure of finished product.
Also include natural gum, the gummy addition is the 10-20% of the acid fiber by polylactic and natural fiber total amount.
The processing technique of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1）, acid fiber by polylactic and natural fiber weighed by mass percentage, feeding mixing device is mixed；
2）, by composite fibre feeding opener carry out shredding, make fiber reach dispersity by compact state；
3）, make horizontal, the longitudinal direction of fiber reach quantitative, uniformity by cotton feeder；
4）, thin net state formed by carding machine combing；
5）, feeding lapping machine formed cross folding be multilamellar web layer；
6）, multilamellar web layer feeding acupuncture unit inserting needle thorn fixed, form fine and close state；Obtain numb felt blanket；
7）, glue spraying dipping, toward fiber crops felt blanket one side uniformly spray natural gum；
8）, compound suppressing, take the numb felt blanket for being sprayed with natural gum described at least two panels, glue spraying faces interior, compound suppressing；It is obtained.
The manufacturing procedure of the natural fiber is：
a）, by bamboo burst；
b）, go that bamboo is blue or green, Concretio silicea Bambusae seu schizostachyi；
c）, plane silk, by bamboo chip slicing be diameter 0.1-0.9mm, length more than 50mm thin bamboo silk；
d）, thin bamboo silk mixed with natural fiber.
The thin bamboo silk pH value is dipping 4-10 minutes in the solution of 5-6.The bamboo silk of formation is presented the golden color with metal-like in finished product.
Embodiment one：
Take 20 kilograms of 30 kilograms of hemp and tossa；The diameter 0.9mm of 4 minutes, thin bamboo silk 5 kilogram of the length more than 50mm is impregnated in the solution that pH value is 6；45 kilograms of acid fiber by polylactic, it is stand-by；
Feeding mixing device is mixed；Obtain composite fibre；
Composite fibre feeding opener is carried out into shredding, makes fiber dispersity be reached by compact state；
Horizontal, the longitudinal direction of fiber is made to reach quantitative, uniformity by cotton feeder；
Thin net state is formed by carding machine combing；
It is multilamellar web layer that feeding lapping machine forms cross folding；
Multilamellar web layer feeding acupuncture unit inserting needle thorn is fixed, fine and close state is formed；Obtain numb felt blanket；
Glue spraying（Natural gum）Dipping, the one side toward fiber crops felt blanket uniformly spray natural gum；
Compound suppressing, takes the numb felt blanket for being sprayed with natural gum described at least two panels, and glue spraying faces interior, compound suppressing；It is obtained.
Embodiment two：
Take 30 kilograms of 35 kilograms of hemp and tossa；The diameter 0.9mm of 10 minutes, thin bamboo silk 13 kilogram of the length more than 50mm is impregnated in the solution that pH value is 5；35 kilograms of acid fiber by polylactic, it is stand-by；
Feeding mixing device is mixed；Obtain composite fibre；
Composite fibre feeding opener is carried out into shredding, makes fiber dispersity be reached by compact state；
Horizontal, the longitudinal direction of fiber is made to reach quantitative, uniformity by cotton feeder；
Thin net state is formed by carding machine combing；
It is multilamellar web layer that feeding lapping machine forms cross folding；
Multilamellar web layer feeding acupuncture unit inserting needle thorn is fixed, fine and close state is formed；Obtain numb felt blanket；
Glue spraying（Natural gum）Dipping, the one side toward fiber crops felt blanket uniformly spray natural gum；
Compound suppressing, takes the numb felt blanket for being sprayed with natural gum described at least two panels, and glue spraying faces interior, compound suppressing；It is obtained.
The present invention is with acid fiber by polylactic（PLA）It is raw material with natural ramie fiber, whole biodegradable, reusable edibles, environmental protection, article texture are slim and graceful, nonpoisonous and tasteless, and feature is strong, good decorative property.With polylactic acid as successive substrates, with natural ramie fiber as reinforcing material, the features such as combining the good processing characteristics of the characteristics such as natural ramie fiber high intensity, high-moduluss, environmental protection and polylactic acid, excellent biocompatibility, suitable mechanical property and discarded recoverable, is a kind of environmental protection new material of high comprehensive performance.Using the densification of nonwoven needled fibre web into felt technique; the composite of high natural fiber content can be prepared; the high porosity of arlt's strata not only reduces the density of composite; realize the lightweight of product; it is also greatly reduced cost of material; with flow process is simple, easy to control, production efficiency is high, the requirement of large-scale production is suitable for.
The product of technical solution of the present invention trial-production can reduce the dependence to non-renewable energy resources.As the present invention is using the polylactic acid and natural ramie fiber for being fully biodegradable, complex components are biodegradable and raw material is renewable.Polylactic acid is referred to as " biomass plastics ", can extract, wide material sources from the various crops such as Semen Maydiss；Natural ramie fiber belongs to Renewable resource, and plantation is simple, without the need for agriculture chemical, cheap, makes raw material more environmental protection.Therefore, research and development of the invention can reduce the dependence to non-renewable energy resources, be conducive to protecting limited petroleum resources.
The present invention adopts biomass plastics acid fiber by polylactic and natural ramie fiber, and technical recipe safety and environmental protection, fully biodegradable are recycled.The features such as formula combines the good processing characteristics of the characteristics such as natural ramie fiber high intensity, high-moduluss, environmental protection and polylactic acid, excellent biocompatibility, suitable mechanical property and discarded recoverable, the more traditional polypropylene of weight（PP）/ flaxen fiber composite heat resisting temperature improves 55 DEG C, reaches 155 DEG C, weight saving about 30%, and improves weatherability and impact strength, with good absorbing sound and lowering noise and flame-retarding characteristic.
It is fine and close into felt technique using nonwoven needled fibre web, with flow process it is simple, easy to control, production efficiency is high the characteristics of, the composite of high natural fiber content can be prepared.Meanwhile, the high porosity of arlt's strata not only reduces the density of composite, realizes the lightweight of product, is also greatly reduced cost of material.
The present invention in follow-up sheet material die press technology for forming without the need for chemical adhesives such as phenolic resin, it is nontoxic residual, the burst size of aldehydes harmful gass can be greatly reduced.
The mixing drying process of the present invention, acid fiber by polylactic and natural ramie fiber raw material is distinguished after selected Weighing, is transported in barrel by transmission belt and is stirred, and be sufficiently mixed, and then discharging material from below is discharged；In whipping process, raw material is dried by the heating of shaft steam, preferably facilitates shredding of the follow-up opener to mixed material, lift the product quality of polylactic acid/natural ramie fiber composite.
Final obtained product has optimal absorbing sound and lowering noise function, tested using sound-absorbing theory analysis and variance, by adopting the ratio of optimal natural ramie fiber and acid fiber by polylactic and using 45 ° of methods for intersecting ply sequence change material structure, obtaining the requirement for meeting material sound absorption qualities and mechanical property.As the frequency range of automobile engine is mainly in 2000Hz or so, and the wind of more than 800Hz to make an uproar all be that air borne reaches in-car, and in this frequency range, can reach 0.46 using the acoustic absorptivity of composite sheet made by this product.Therefore, product obtained in the present invention belongs to high-quality biological matter sound absorption composite material.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite, it is characterised in that the component comprising following mass percent,
Acid fiber by polylactic 35-45%；
Natural fiber 55-65%.
2. a kind of biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the natural fiber is：Described natural fiber is flaxen fiber, and the flaxen fiber is：A kind of or any two or more compoundings in hemp, tossa, flax fiber and/or sisal fiber.
3. a kind of biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the ratio in the natural fiber also including bamboo fibre, the flaxen fiber and bamboo fibre is 1：0.1-0.2；The bamboo fibre is diameter 0.1-0.9mm.
4. the processing technique of a kind of biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）, acid fiber by polylactic and natural fiber weighed by mass percentage, feeding mixing device is mixed；
2）, by composite fibre feeding opener carry out shredding, make fiber reach dispersity by compact state；
3）, make horizontal, the longitudinal direction of fiber reach quantitative, uniformity by cotton feeder；
4）, thin net state formed by carding machine combing；
5）, feeding lapping machine formed cross folding be multilamellar web layer；
6）, multilamellar web layer feeding acupuncture unit inserting needle thorn fixed, form fine and close state；Obtain numb felt blanket；
7）, glue spraying dipping, toward fiber crops felt blanket one side uniformly spray natural gum；
8）, compound suppressing, take the numb felt blanket for being sprayed with natural gum described at least two panels, glue spraying faces interior, compound suppressing；It is obtained.
5. the processing technique of a kind of biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the manufacturing procedure of the natural fiber is：
a）, by bamboo burst；
b）, go that bamboo is blue or green, Concretio silicea Bambusae seu schizostachyi；
c）, plane silk, by bamboo chip slicing be diameter 0.1-0.9mm, length more than 50mm thin bamboo silk；
d）, thin bamboo silk mixed with natural fiber.
6. the processing technique of a kind of biodegradable vehicle interior trim composite according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the thin bamboo silk pH value is for impregnating 4-10 minutes in the solution of 5-6.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111002670A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-14 | 江门市德山复合材料科技有限公司 | Composite natural strong core felt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113580680A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-02 | 苏州弗瑞斯特汽车新材料有限公司 | Method for manufacturing raw hemp for automotive interior |
| CN114953686A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-08-30 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Polylactic acid composite board and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115246261A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-10-28 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel and preparation method thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-09-14 CN CN201510580688.XA patent/CN106515119A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111002670A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-14 | 江门市德山复合材料科技有限公司 | Composite natural strong core felt and preparation method thereof |
| CN113580680A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-02 | 苏州弗瑞斯特汽车新材料有限公司 | Method for manufacturing raw hemp for automotive interior |
| CN115246261A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-10-28 | 齐齐哈尔大学 | China-hemp-fiber-reinforced organic composite material automotive interior panel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114953686A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-08-30 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Polylactic acid composite board and preparation method and application thereof |
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