CN115245998B - Alloy forming method for hollow air valve - Google Patents
Alloy forming method for hollow air valve Download PDFInfo
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- CN115245998B CN115245998B CN202210674513.5A CN202210674513A CN115245998B CN 115245998 B CN115245998 B CN 115245998B CN 202210674513 A CN202210674513 A CN 202210674513A CN 115245998 B CN115245998 B CN 115245998B
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- air valve
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- hollow air
- valve
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for forming a hollow air valve alloy, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1: the method comprises the steps of manufacturing a hollow air valve forming die, wherein the hollow air valve forming die comprises an outer shell and an inner core rod which are coaxially arranged, the inner core rod is provided with a solid cone head, and the distance between the top point of the solid cone head and the tail end of the rod part of the outer shell is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the rod part of the target hollow air valve; step 2: heating the blank; step 3: mounting the billet and die to an extruder; step 4: the extruder pushes the blank to extrude and shape in the cavity of the die, and when the blank is full of the cavity, the extruder stops working; step 5: taking out the inner core rod; step 6: controlling the extruder to continuously push the blank to finish extrusion forming of the bottom solid part of the rod part; step 7: performing die forging flaring on the head opening of the primary finished product; step 8: cooling; step 9: and (5) plugging the head opening of the primary finished product by using an alloy wafer. The invention solves the technical problems of low production efficiency, high material waste rate and the like of the existing hollow air valve production method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal plastic forming, in particular to a forming method of a hollow air valve alloy.
Background
The valve is a key part of the valve mechanism of the engine, and the opening and closing of the valve enables combustible gas to enter the cylinder and exhaust combusted waste gas. The hollow valve realizes light weight, and the heat conducting performance is effectively improved due to the effect that the hollow part of the hollow valve seals a certain volume of metal sodium. The valve disc part and the valve seat are frequently impacted in the working process of the engine and are eroded by high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas, and particularly, a great load is applied to the valve neck part, so that the valve has high mechanical property, and the valve is required to have the same internal metal streamline direction and appearance, fine internal structure and good cold and hot fatigue property.
The common hollow valve production method is to drill a solid valve, a cross wedge rolling perforation method and a drilling method, wherein the drilling method only can obtain a hollow valve with a hollow rod part and a solid end part, and the production efficiency is low and the material discarding rate is high. The cross wedge rolling perforation method can only produce valve blanks, and the subsequent process flow is long.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems of low production efficiency, high material waste rate and the like in the existing hollow air valve production method, the method for forming the hollow air valve alloy is provided. The invention performs extrusion forming on the heated metal blank through segmented forward hot extrusion and die forging forming, thereby obtaining the hollow air valve with different pipe diameters.
The invention adopts the following technical means:
the method for forming the hollow air valve alloy specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to the size and shape of the head and the rod part of the target hollow air valve, a hollow air valve forming die is manufactured, the hollow air valve forming die comprises an outer shell and an inner core rod which are coaxially arranged, the outer shell and the inner core rod both comprise a head part and a rod part, a solid cone head is arranged at the bottom of the rod part of the inner core rod, and the distance between the vertex of the solid cone head and the tail end of the rod part of the outer shell is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the rod part of the target hollow air valve;
step 2: heating a blank for processing the hollow air valve to an extrusion temperature of 860-1150 ℃ in a heating furnace;
Step 3: transferring the heated blank into a cavity of an extruder, mounting a hollow air valve forming die at a blank outlet of the cavity of the extruder, and enabling the outer shell and the inner core rod to be coaxial, wherein the head of the blank is contacted with the tail end of the rod part of the outer shell;
Step 4: controlling the extruder to push the blank to extrude and shape in the cavity of the hollow air valve forming die at a constant speed, stopping the extruder when the extruder pushes the blank to fill the cavity, and finishing extrusion and shape of the head part and part of the rod part of the hollow air valve;
Step 5: taking out the inner core rod in the advancing direction of the blank pushed by the extruder;
Step 6: controlling the extruder to continuously push the blank to finish extrusion forming of the bottom solid part of the rod part in the outer shell, and cutting off the blank when the length of the solid part reaches 5-8% of the total length of the target solid air valve to obtain a primary finished product of the hollow air valve with an opening head and a hollow upper part and a solid bottom;
Step 7: performing die forging flaring on the head opening of the primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using the waste heat after the primary finished product of the hollow air valve is extruded, so as to meet the head size requirement of a target hollow air valve, and stamping the inside of the rod part of the primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using a long rod die with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the valve rod part of the target hollow air valve after the flaring is finished, thereby eliminating the triangular hollow shape caused by a solid cone head;
Step 8: filling a coolant into a cavity of a primary finished product of the hollow air valve for cooling;
Step 9: and (3) plugging the head opening of the flared primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using an alloy wafer with the same diameter as the head opening of the flared primary finished product of the hollow air valve in a friction welding mode, so as to complete the integral forming of the hollow air valve.
Further, the distance between the apex of the solid cone head and the end of the stem of the outer shell is 1/3 of the length of the stem of the target hollow air stem.
Further, the outer shell of the air valve forming die and the head of the inner core rod have the same shape, and are the same as the head of the target air valve, and the rod part is in transitional connection with the head through an arc section.
Further, in step 2, the charging temperature of the blank is greater than 800 ℃.
Further, the extruder adopted in the step3 is a horizontal extruder with a working stroke of more than or equal to 600 mm.
Further, the blank is martensitic valve steel, and the extrusion temperature is 960-1030 ℃.
Further, the blank is austenitic gas valve steel, and the extrusion temperature is 950-1100 ℃.
Further, the blank is Fe-Ni-based air valve alloy, and the extrusion temperature is 980-1150 ℃.
Further, the blank is made of titanium-based air valve alloy, and the extrusion temperature is 860-980 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method for forming the hollow air valve alloy can be used for producing products with various materials and shapes, and extrusion forming is carried out on heated metal blanks through segmented forward hot extrusion and die forging forming, so that the hollow air valves with different pipe diameters are obtained, the metal streamline direction inside the formed hollow air valve is consistent with the appearance, the metallographic structure is fine, the high mechanical performance can be ensured, meanwhile, the air valve quality is lightened, the energy combustion efficiency is improved, and the cooling effect is improved.
For the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the field of metal plastic forming.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow air valve forming die according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a primary end product of a hollow air valve obtained by the shaping method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a hollow air valve obtained by the shaping method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an inner core rod; 2. an outer shell; 3.a solid cone head.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, the invention provides a method for forming a hollow air valve alloy, which specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: according to the size and shape of the head and the rod part of the target hollow air valve, the size and the type of the target hollow air valve are determined by a specific engine product, a hollow air valve forming die is manufactured, the die comprises an outer shell 2 and an inner core rod 1 which are coaxially arranged, the outer shell 2 and the inner core rod 1 comprise the head and the rod part, a solid cone head 3 is arranged at the bottom of the rod part of the inner core rod 1 and used for promoting better flow of blanks during extrusion forming, and the distance between the top point of the solid cone head 3 and the tail end of the rod part of the outer shell 2 is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the rod part of the target hollow air valve;
the length of the rod parts of the outer shell 2 and the inner core rod 1 is respectively 60-80% of the whole field;
step 2: heating a blank for processing the hollow air valve to an extrusion temperature of 860-1150 ℃ in a heating furnace;
Step 3: transferring the heated blank into a cavity of an extruder, mounting a hollow air valve forming die at a blank outlet of the cavity of the extruder, and enabling the outer shell 2 and the inner core rod 1 to be coaxial, wherein the head of the blank is contacted with the tail end of the rod part of the outer shell 2;
Step 4: controlling the extruder to push the blank to extrude and shape in the cavity of the hollow air valve forming die at a constant speed, stopping the extruder when the extruder pushes the blank to fill the cavity, and finishing extrusion and shape of the head part and part of the rod part of the hollow air valve;
step 5: taking out the inner core rod 1 in the advancing direction of the blank pushed by the extruder;
Step 6: controlling the extruder to continuously push the blank to finish extrusion forming of the bottom solid part of the rod part in the outer shell, and cutting off the blank when the length of the solid part reaches 5-8% of the total length of the target solid air valve to obtain a primary finished product of the hollow air valve with an opening head and a hollow upper part and a solid bottom;
The sectional extrusion forming method provided by the invention can ensure the product size to be more accurate, ensure the continuity of the internal grain structure of the blank, ensure the performance of the product to be high in quality and high in processing yield, and finally obtain the primary finished product of the hollow air valve, wherein the deformation is small in the subsequent die forging step;
Step 7: performing die forging flaring on the head opening of the primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using the waste heat after the primary finished product of the hollow air valve is extruded, so as to meet the head size requirement of a target hollow air valve, and stamping the inside of the rod part of the primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using a long rod die with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the valve rod part of the target hollow air valve after the flaring is finished, thereby eliminating the triangular hollow shape caused by a solid cone head;
when die forging is carried out, the rod part of the primary finished product of the hollow air valve is placed in a die forging die, the rod part is not stressed in the die forging process, and the head part is subjected to final forging to form a disc shape which accords with the head size of the target hollow air valve, so that flaring is completed;
Step 8: filling a coolant into a cavity of a primary finished product of the hollow air valve for cooling, wherein the coolant is mixed metal such as sodium metal, tin and the like;
Step 9: and (3) using an alloy wafer with the same diameter as the opening of the head of the flared primary finished product of the hollow air valve, wherein the thickness of the wafer is 3-15 mm, and plugging the opening of the head of the flared primary finished product of the hollow air valve in a friction welding mode to finish the integral forming of the hollow air valve.
Further, the distance between the apex of the solid cone head 3 and the end of the stem portion of the outer shell 2 is 1/3 of the length of the stem portion of the target hollow air valve.
Further, the outer shell 2 of the air valve forming die and the head of the inner core rod 1 have the same shape, and are the same as the head of the target air valve, and the rod part is in transitional connection with the head through an arc section.
Further, in step 2, the charging temperature of the blank is greater than 800 ℃.
Further, the extruder adopted in the step3 is a horizontal extruder with a working stroke of more than or equal to 600 mm.
The method can realize the processing and forming of the full-hollow martensite air valve, the full-hollow austenite air valve, the full-hollow Fe-Ni air valve and the full-titanium alloy air valve.
Further, the blank is martensitic valve steel, and the extrusion temperature is 960-1030 ℃.
Further, the blank is austenitic gas valve steel, and the extrusion temperature is 950-1100 ℃.
Further, the blank is Fe-Ni-based air valve alloy, and the extrusion temperature is 980-1150 ℃.
Further, the blank is made of titanium-based air valve alloy, and the extrusion temperature is 860-980 ℃.
According to the method for forming the hollow air valve alloy, the precise forming is realized through the replacement of the hot extrusion die, so that the air valve metal tube material deforms under the limitation of the hot extrusion die to form the hollow air valve with the hollow rod part and the hollow head part, the hollow air valve with the hollow head part and the hollow rod part are in transitional connection through the circular arc section, the consistency between the shape and the size of the finally obtained hollow air valve product is good, the overall streamline distribution of metal is reasonable, the structure is uniform, the performance requirement is met, the utilization rate of alloy materials is improved, the weight of the air valve alloy is lightened, the air inlet and exhaust efficiency is improved, the cooling effect is improved, the combustion efficiency is improved, and the energy conservation and emission reduction are facilitated.
The hollow air valve alloy forming method provided by the invention can be used for manufacturing the full hollow air inlet valve and the full hollow air outlet valve of a diesel engine, a gasoline engine and a gas turbine for ships, trains, automobiles and motorcycles, aims at improving the air inlet/outlet efficiency, reducing the engine load, improving the combustion efficiency and has great significance on energy conservation and emission reduction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for forming the hollow air valve alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1: according to the size and shape of the head and the rod part of the target hollow air valve, a hollow air valve forming die is manufactured, the hollow air valve forming die comprises an outer shell and an inner core rod which are coaxially arranged, the outer shell and the inner core rod both comprise a head part and a rod part, a solid cone head is arranged at the bottom of the rod part of the inner core rod, and the distance between the vertex of the solid cone head and the tail end of the rod part of the outer shell is 1/4-1/3 of the length of the rod part of the target hollow air valve;
step 2: heating a blank for processing the hollow air valve to an extrusion temperature of 860-1150 ℃ in a heating furnace;
Step 3: transferring the heated blank into a cavity of an extruder, mounting a hollow air valve forming die at a blank outlet of the cavity of the extruder, and enabling the outer shell and the inner core rod to be coaxial, wherein the head of the blank is contacted with the tail end of the rod part of the outer shell;
Step 4: controlling the extruder to push the blank to extrude and shape in the cavity of the hollow air valve forming die at a constant speed, stopping the extruder when the extruder pushes the blank to fill the cavity, and finishing extrusion and shape of the head part and part of the rod part of the hollow air valve;
Step 5: taking out the inner core rod in the advancing direction of the blank pushed by the extruder;
Step 6: controlling the extruder to continuously push the blank to finish extrusion forming of the bottom solid part of the rod part in the outer shell, and cutting off the blank when the length of the solid part reaches 5-8% of the total length of the target solid air valve to obtain a primary finished product of the hollow air valve with an opening head and a hollow upper part and a solid bottom;
Step 7: performing die forging flaring on the head opening of the primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using the waste heat after the primary finished product of the hollow air valve is extruded, so as to meet the head size requirement of a target hollow air valve, and stamping the inside of the rod part of the primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using a long rod die with the diameter slightly smaller than that of the valve rod part of the target hollow air valve after the flaring is finished, thereby eliminating the triangular hollow shape caused by a solid cone head;
Step 8: filling a coolant into a cavity of a primary finished product of the hollow air valve for cooling;
Step 9: and (3) plugging the head opening of the flared primary finished product of the hollow air valve by using an alloy wafer with the same diameter as the head opening of the flared primary finished product of the hollow air valve in a friction welding mode, so as to complete the integral forming of the hollow air valve.
2. The method of forming a hollow gas valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the apex of the solid cone head and the end of the stem of the outer shell is 1/3 of the length of the stem of the target hollow gas valve.
3. The method for forming a hollow valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein the outer shell of the hollow valve forming die and the head of the inner core rod have the same shape and are the same as the head of the target hollow valve, and the rod part and the head are in transitional connection through an arc section.
4. The method of forming a hollow gas valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein in step 2 the charge temperature of the billet is greater than 800 ℃.
5. The method for forming a hollow valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein the extruder used in the step 3 is a horizontal extruder with a working stroke of not less than 600 mm.
6. The method for forming a hollow valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein the blank is martensitic valve steel and the extrusion temperature is 960-1030 ℃.
7. The method of forming a hollow valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein the blank used is austenitic valve steel and the extrusion temperature is 950-1100 ℃.
8. The method of forming a hollow valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein the blank is an Fe-Ni based valve alloy and the extrusion temperature is 980-1150 ℃.
9. The method of forming a hollow valve alloy according to claim 1, wherein the blank used is a titanium-based valve alloy and the extrusion temperature is 860-980 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210674513.5A CN115245998B (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Alloy forming method for hollow air valve |
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| CN202210674513.5A CN115245998B (en) | 2022-06-14 | 2022-06-14 | Alloy forming method for hollow air valve |
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| CN115245998B true CN115245998B (en) | 2024-05-17 |
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| 中空气门毛坯的终锻过程研究;林喜佳;章争荣;莫东强;吴秀敏;;锻压技术;20151125(第11期);全文 * |
| 空心气门及其制造工艺;胡学根;内燃机配件;20021025(第05期);全文 * |
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