CN110560544A - Large-section-difference hollow structural member axial compression expansion forging process method - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
- B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
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Abstract
一种中空零件成形方法，特别涉及一种大截面差空心结构件轴压胀锻工艺方法。本发明解决了目前大截面差零件内高压成形存在的壁厚减薄的问题。方法如下：先制造大截面差预成形坯，然后在内部充填流体介质，相当于将管材变为实心棒材，再沿轴向压缩大径区，在内部介质支撑下，随着压缩进行各部位逐渐贴模；最后再进一步压缩大径区使其长度缩短壁厚增厚到目标值，成形结束。本发明是提高该类零件壁厚均匀性的方法，同时还能起到提高形状精度的作用。
The invention relates to a forming method of a hollow part, in particular to an axial pressure expansion forging process method of a hollow structural part with a large cross-section difference. The invention solves the problem of wall thickness reduction existing in the internal high-pressure forming of parts with large cross-section difference at present. The method is as follows: firstly manufacture a preform with a large cross-section difference, and then fill the inside with a fluid medium, which is equivalent to turning the pipe into a solid bar, and then compress the large-diameter area in the axial direction. Gradually paste the mold; finally, further compress the large-diameter area to shorten the length and thicken the wall thickness to the target value, and the forming is completed. The invention is a method for improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of such parts, and at the same time, it can also play the role of improving the shape precision.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及工业制造技术领域的一种成形方法，尤其涉及一种大截面差空心结构件轴压胀锻工艺方法。The invention relates to a forming method in the technical field of industrial manufacturing, in particular to an axial pressure expansion forging process for a hollow structural part with a large cross-section difference.
背景技术Background technique
大截面差变径管是汽车排气系统关键形状，其特征是截面变径率大，一般都超过1.5。对于该大变径率零件，最早是采用焊接拼装的方法制造，存在工序多，焊缝易腐蚀，焊接热变形大等不足。随着汽车对该类零件质量要求的提高，焊接拼装工艺不能满足高品质制造需求。近几年液压成形被用来制造该类零件。液压成形避免了焊缝的引入，但存在壁厚减薄问题，大径区的壁厚减薄率超过20％，严重降低了零件使用性能。专利CN106311857A提出了能降低壁厚减薄的成形方法，但该方法是对横截面进行压缩，即所成形的零件其截面周长是减小的，因此不能用于截面变大的零件的制造。更为重要的是它没有改善壁厚的作用即不能使零件沿轴向壁厚均匀。针对此问题，本发明提出了一种提高该类零件壁厚均匀性的方法，同时还能起到提高形状精度的作用。The large cross-section differential reducer is the key shape of the automobile exhaust system. It is characterized by a large cross-sectional diameter reduction ratio, generally exceeding 1.5. For the parts with large diameter reduction ratio, it was first manufactured by welding and assembling, which has the disadvantages of many processes, easy corrosion of weld seams, and large welding thermal deformation. With the improvement of the quality requirements of automobiles for such parts, the welding and assembly process cannot meet the high-quality manufacturing requirements. In recent years hydroforming has been used to manufacture such parts. Hydroforming avoids the introduction of welds, but there is a problem of wall thickness reduction. The wall thickness reduction rate in the large diameter area exceeds 20%, which seriously reduces the performance of parts. Patent CN106311857A proposes a forming method that can reduce wall thickness reduction, but this method is to compress the cross section, that is, the section circumference of the formed part is reduced, so it cannot be used for the manufacture of parts with enlarged section. More importantly, it does not have the effect of improving the wall thickness, that is, it cannot make the wall thickness of the part uniform in the axial direction. Aiming at this problem, the present invention proposes a method for improving the uniformity of the wall thickness of this type of parts, and at the same time, it can also play a role in improving the shape accuracy.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了一种大截面差空心结构件轴压胀锻工艺方法。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a process method of axial pressure expansion forging of a hollow structural member with a large cross-section difference.
本发明所采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
步骤一、成形出大截面差预成形零件1，可以通过液压成形或者旋压等变径工艺；为表述方便将预成形零件1划分为三个特征区，大径区a、过渡区b和小径区c；在前述变径工艺过程中大径区壁厚肯定小于过渡区和小径区的壁厚，对预成形零件1的预成型质量要求是其小径区的形状与终成形零件7的小径区形状相同；过渡区形状接近终成形零件7，具体讲形状误差不超过30％；大径区的长度大于终成形零件7的大径区长度，具体讲比终成形零件7的大径区长度大1％-50％；大径区的截面轮廓周长不大于终成形零件7的截面轮廓周长，具体比终成形零件7的大径区的截面轮廓周长小0-20％；Step 1. Form a preformed part 1 with a large cross-section difference, which can be changed by hydroforming or spinning; for the convenience of expression, the preformed part 1 is divided into three characteristic areas, the large diameter area a, the transition area b and the small diameter area Zone c; in the aforementioned process of reducing the diameter, the wall thickness of the large diameter zone must be smaller than the wall thickness of the transition zone and the small diameter zone. The preform quality requirement for the preformed part 1 is the shape of the small diameter zone and the small diameter of the final formed part 7. The shape of the zone is the same; the shape of the transition zone is close to that of the final formed part 7, specifically the shape error is no more than 30%; the length of the large diameter zone is greater than the length of the large diameter zone of the final formed part 7, specifically speaking, it is larger The length of the diameter area is 1%-50% larger; the perimeter of the cross-sectional profile of the large-diameter area is not greater than the perimeter of the cross-sectional profile of the final formed part 7, specifically 0-50% smaller than the perimeter of the cross-sectional profile of the large-diameter area of the final formed part 7 20%;
步骤二、终成形模具，包括端部冲头2、端部冲头3、上模4和下模5，将预成形零件1放入下模5中，合模，然后将预成形零件1内部填充满流体介质，并密封，相当于将其转为实心结构，Step 2, the final forming mold, including the end punch 2, the end punch 3, the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5, put the preformed part 1 into the lower mold 5, close the mold, and then put the preformed part 1 The interior is filled with fluid medium and sealed, which is equivalent to turning it into a solid structure,
步骤三、端部冲头2和端部冲头3沿轴向推压大径区，在内部流体介质的支撑下管坯材料向未贴模区域移动，填充满模具型腔，变形模式类似于闭式模锻，Step 3: The end punch 2 and the end punch 3 push the large-diameter area in the axial direction, and under the support of the internal fluid medium, the tube blank material moves to the non-mold area and fills the mold cavity. The deformation mode is similar to closed die forging,
步骤四、当贴模度达到90％以上时，通过调压阀6控制内部流体介质的支撑压力p，内压p需保证在步骤五中已经贴靠模具的管坯始终贴合在模具型腔上，Step 4. When the degree of mold attachment reaches over 90%, control the support pressure p of the internal fluid medium through the pressure regulating valve 6. The internal pressure p needs to ensure that the tube blank that has been attached to the mold in step 5 is always attached to the mold cavity superior,
步骤五、端部冲头2和端部冲头3沿轴向继续相向移动，对大径区进行压缩，因此大径区轴向长度缩短，则大径区的壁厚增厚，当大径区壁厚增厚至目标值时，停止压缩，Step 5: The end punch 2 and the end punch 3 continue to move toward each other in the axial direction to compress the large-diameter area, so the axial length of the large-diameter area is shortened, and the wall thickness of the large-diameter area is thickened. When the wall thickness of the zone increases to the target value, the compression is stopped,
步骤六、排除内部流体介质，打开模具取出零件7。Step 6, remove the internal fluid medium, open the mold and take out the part 7.
上述实施方式并非是对本发明的限制，本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的技术方案范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换，也均属于本发明的保护范围。The above-mentioned embodiments are not limitations to the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples, and changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention also belong to this invention. protection scope of the invention.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1.相比焊接拼装的制造方法，不存在焊缝，零件的耐腐蚀好，美观且形状精度高；1. Compared with the manufacturing method of welding and assembling, there is no weld seam, and the parts have good corrosion resistance, beautiful appearance and high shape precision;
2.所成形零件大径区不存在壁厚减薄，结构性能优异；2. There is no wall thickness reduction in the large diameter area of the formed part, and the structural performance is excellent;
3.通过推压使各处贴模而不是通过升高内压使零件像吹气球一样膨胀贴模，所需要的压力很小，特别是能成形出锐利的轮廓线；3. By pushing and pressing, instead of increasing the internal pressure to make the parts expand and fit the mold like a balloon, the pressure required is very small, especially the sharp contour can be formed;
4.成形过程中始终为压缩变形，材料受三向压应力作用，不易破裂，因此本技术能用于低塑性材料成形；4. The forming process is always compressed and deformed. The material is subjected to three-dimensional compressive stress and is not easy to break. Therefore, this technology can be used for forming low plastic materials;
本发明设计合理、工作可靠、效果显著，具有较强的推广价值。The invention is reasonable in design, reliable in operation, remarkable in effect and has strong popularization value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1初始零件和终成形模具示意图。Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of initial part and final forming die.
图2将预成型零件放入终成形模具合模示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of placing the preformed part into the final forming mold.
图3沿轴向推压大径区贴模具90％示意图。Fig. 3 is a 90% schematic diagram of axially pressing the large-diameter area to attach the mold.
图4调压管坯贴合在模具型腔上示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the fitting of the pressure regulating tube blank on the mold cavity.
图5端部冲头和端部冲头相向移动，对大径区进行压缩示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of compressing the large-diameter area with the end punch and the end punch moving toward each other.
图6成型零件7示意图。Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the molded part 7.
1-预成形零件 2-端部冲头 3-端部冲头 4-上模 5-下模 6-调压阀 7-终成形零件1- Preformed part 2- End punch 3- End punch 4- Upper die 5- Lower die 6- Pressure regulating valve 7- Final formed part
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1-6所示，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。As shown in Figures 1-6, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
方式一：步骤一、成形出大截面差预成形零件1，可以通过液压成形或者旋压等变径工艺；为表述方便将预成形零件1划分为三个特征区，大径区a、过渡区b和小径区c；在前述变径工艺过程中大径区壁厚肯定小于过渡区和小径区的壁厚。对预成形零件1的预成型质量要求是其小径区的形状与终成形零件7的小径区形状相同；过渡区形状接近终成形零件7，具体讲形状误差不超过30％；大径区的长度大于终成形零件7的大径区长度，具体讲比终成形零件7的大径区长度大1％-50％；大径区的截面轮廓周长不大于终成形零件7的截面轮廓周长，具体比终成形零件7的大径区的截面轮廓周长小0-20％；Method 1: Step 1, forming a preformed part 1 with a large cross-section difference, which can be reduced by hydroforming or spinning; for the convenience of expression, the preformed part 1 is divided into three characteristic areas, the large diameter area a, and the transition area b and the small-diameter area c; in the aforementioned process of reducing the diameter, the wall thickness of the large-diameter area must be smaller than the wall thickness of the transition area and the small-diameter area. The preforming quality requirement for the preformed part 1 is that the shape of the small diameter area is the same as that of the final formed part 7; the shape of the transition area is close to the final formed part 7, specifically, the shape error does not exceed 30%; the large diameter area The length is greater than the length of the large-diameter area of the final formed part 7, specifically 1%-50% greater than the length of the large-diameter area of the final formed part 7; The perimeter of the section profile is specifically 0-20% smaller than the perimeter of the section profile of the large diameter area of the final formed part 7;
步骤二、终成形模具，包括端部冲头2、端部冲头3、上模4和下模5，将预成形零件1放入下模5中，合模，然后将预成形零件1内部填充满流体介质，并密封，相当于将其转为实心结构，Step 2, the final forming mold, including the end punch 2, the end punch 3, the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5, put the preformed part 1 into the lower mold 5, close the mold, and then put the preformed part 1 The interior is filled with fluid medium and sealed, which is equivalent to turning it into a solid structure,
步骤三、端部冲头2和端部冲头3沿轴向推压大径区，在内部流体介质的支撑下管坯材料向未贴模区域移动，填充满模具型腔，变形模式类似于闭式模锻，Step 3: The end punch 2 and the end punch 3 push the large-diameter area in the axial direction, and under the support of the internal fluid medium, the tube blank material moves to the non-mold area and fills the mold cavity. The deformation mode is similar to closed die forging,
步骤四、当贴模度达到90％以上时，通过调压阀6控制内部流体介质的支撑压力p，内压p需保证在步骤五中已经贴靠模具的管坯始终贴合在模具型腔上，Step 4. When the degree of mold attachment reaches over 90%, control the support pressure p of the internal fluid medium through the pressure regulating valve 6. The internal pressure p needs to ensure that the tube blank that has been attached to the mold in step 5 is always attached to the mold cavity superior,
步骤五、端部冲头2和端部冲头3沿轴向继续相向移动，对大径区进行压缩，因此大径区轴向长度缩短，则大径区的壁厚增厚，当大径区壁厚增厚至目标值时，停止压缩，Step 5: The end punch 2 and the end punch 3 continue to move toward each other in the axial direction to compress the large-diameter area, so the axial length of the large-diameter area is shortened, and the wall thickness of the large-diameter area is thickened. When the wall thickness of the zone increases to the target value, the compression is stopped,
步骤六、排除内部流体介质，打开模具取出零件7。Step 6, remove the internal fluid medium, open the mold and take out the part 7.
方式二：本实施方式中的支撑压力p为1-1000MPa。其他与具体实施方式一相同。Mode 2: The support pressure p in this embodiment is 1-1000 MPa. Others are the same as the first embodiment.
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| CN111451351A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-28 | 初冠南 | A formative integration method of tubular member |
| CN111451351B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-08-09 | 初冠南 | Forming and integrating method for tubular part |
| CN113878016A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-01-04 | 上海孚庭科技有限公司 | Forming method of pipe fitting with complex section |
| CN113878016B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2024-03-08 | 上海孚庭科技有限公司 | A method for forming complex cross-section pipe fittings |
| CN114653806A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-06-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Preforming method for high-strength steel variable-diameter tubular part |
| CN114653806B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2023-12-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Preforming method for high-strength steel reducing tubular part |
| CN114789217A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of automobile axle housing, automobile axle housing mold, and forming method |
| CN114789217B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2025-04-11 | 广东轻量科技发展有限责任公司 | Automobile axle housing, automobile axle housing mold, and forming method |
| CN116078908A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-05-09 | 宁波帕沃尔精密液压机械有限公司 | Sealing tool for air inflation forming and sealing method thereof |
| CN119373970A (en) * | 2023-07-26 | 2025-01-28 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A reducing sleeve, mold, manufacturing method and use method for pipeline girth weld repair |
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