CN115243885A - 拱肩板 - Google Patents
拱肩板 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115243885A CN115243885A CN202180017892.4A CN202180017892A CN115243885A CN 115243885 A CN115243885 A CN 115243885A CN 202180017892 A CN202180017892 A CN 202180017892A CN 115243885 A CN115243885 A CN 115243885A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- spandrel
- dielectric layer
- top dielectric
- equal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- ZARVOZCHNMQIBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-) titanium(4+) zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4] ZARVOZCHNMQIBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxotin;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn]=O KYKLWYKWCAYAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon zirconium Chemical compound [Si].[Zr] UVGLBOPDEUYYCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 102100029469 WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 Human genes 0.000 claims 1
- 101710097421 WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 9
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000005329 float glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005787 opaque polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002397 thermoplastic olefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Sn] GZCWPZJOEIAXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitride Chemical compound [Zr]#N ZVWKZXLXHLZXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/023—Optical properties
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
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- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
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- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/225—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
- C03C17/2453—Coating containing SnO2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
- C03C17/245—Oxides by deposition from the vapour phase
- C03C17/2456—Coating containing TiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种拱肩板,该拱肩板包括第一基板、由聚合物材料制成的中间膜、以及不透明的第二基板,该拱肩的特征在于,第一基板涂覆有至多两层,这些层沉积在位于面向由聚合物材料制成的中间膜的一侧上的表面上,并且包括至少一个上部介电层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及结合了至少一个嵌装玻璃板的拱肩板,这些拱肩板旨在放置在立面的不透射光的区域中。因此,拱肩板的作用是在窗户占用的部分之间掩盖该立面的某些部分。更特别地,本发明披露了与相邻的透明窗玻璃相协调的拱肩板,从而确保良好的美感。本发明的拱肩板是至少两个基板的组件,其中的一个基板是透明的,另一个基板是不透明的。外部基板(即相对于建筑物的外部)很好地透射光,这意味着本发明的拱肩板使其自身适合在其中插入光伏电池。因此,这种拱肩板旨在用于在立面中形成所谓的光伏建筑物一体化(BIPV)。
现有技术
在许多现代建筑中,嵌装玻璃墙包括透明区域和非透明区域。窗户本身可以是相对透明的或相对反射的,这取决于玻璃所承载的涂层的性质。这些涂层几乎是不可或缺的,它们赋予窗玻璃有利的热性能,诸如阳光控制性能和低辐射性能。适当地选择材料和/或其厚度允许在反射和/或透射中实现令人愉快的颜色,诸如蓝色、绿色、青铜色或中性色彩,这些色彩通常是优选的色彩。可能需要窗玻璃具有的其他性能是,例如,自清洁特性、防雾特性、或客户要求的或环境所需要的任何其他性能。
根据另一个方面,并且出于多种不同原因,旨在用于这种建筑物的窗玻璃必须进行热处理、尤其是出于安全原因,这意味着它们必须经受超过500℃、或甚至超过600℃的温度达几分钟,并且根据本领域众所周知的方法。这意味着玻璃所承载的任何涂层必须能够经受这种处理而不被降解,即,它们的光学性能和能量性能不能被热处理改变、或改变得不多。
拱肩板或者是本质上不透明的,或者是通过各种覆盖物或涂层系统制成不透明的。然而,即使拱肩板对可见光是不透明的,它们也必须与相邻窗户的反射色调相协调。无论从哪个视角看,在光的反射方面以及其色调的阴影方面,整个嵌玻璃立面都必须从外部看起来在光学上是均匀的。
提供合适的拱肩板的多种方式在本领域中是已知的。长期以来,人们已经知道如何用彩色釉质使玻璃基板不透明。特别地,US3951525建议在反射性金属氧化物上沉积不透明的釉质,该金属氧化物与用于立面的窗户的金属氧化物相同。此解决方案的问题是:协调性是次优的,且随时间推移不稳定。
WO 2004092522 A1建议采取双层窗玻璃形式的拱肩板,其内部玻璃(即建筑物侧的玻璃)具有非常低的透光率(低于15%)以防止人们往里看,并且其外部玻璃涂覆有阳光控制叠层。这种建筑是昂贵的,并且不能完全满足现代玻璃立面的审美需求。
例如在EP 0441011或EP 3172175中,也已经提出了不透明的金属层。这些金属层通常包括在较复杂的叠层中。上面两个文献特别提出了折射率与吸收系数之间的特殊关系。叠层还需要有电介质存在,以调整光学性能。
EP 2517877披露了一种层压窗玻璃,该层压窗玻璃的外部基板通过吸收性叠层变得不透明,该吸收性叠层与用作两个基板之间的粘合剂的PVB接触。该发明的基本特征是:涂覆有不透明叠层的玻璃是超透明玻璃,该超透明玻璃含有少量铁,并且因此其本身的吸收率非常低。根据发明人,该特征具有使得可以避免剧烈热处理的优点。然而,所述专利没有提到色调与窗户的协调的方面,并且此外,这种解决方案不可避免地会导致储存成本的问题。
总之,釉质和涂料是有限且昂贵的解决方案(额外的加热步骤),并且并不总是能满足审美需求。简单地由釉质或涂料着色的面板的视觉外观不符合当前的需求。现有的解决方案都不允许对玻璃板进行热处理。有时,出于库存管理的原因,该解决方案是不可接受的。经常不能满足色调协调方面的需求。
此外,除了这些美感、成本和耐久性的问题,当前的环境问题也带来了新的挑战。建筑物越来越多地配备有光伏电池以收集来自太阳的能量并将其转化为电能。尽管第一批光伏电池主要安装在屋顶上,但现在对允许将它们安装在立面上的解决方案的需求日益增长。第一解决方案在于将光伏电池安装在窗户中,然后需要找到将光伏电池隐藏起来或使它们在审美上被接受的方法。另一种可能性是将它们隐藏在拱肩板中,但这显然需要采取措施,以允许光到达光伏电池而不会对效率造成太大的损失,同时也不会对建筑群的美感造成不利影响。
当今的建筑师希望有满足美感(颜色、反射、协调)和热性能方面要求的交钥匙解决方案。没有现有技术解决方案是提供制造成本可接受、符合审美需求、并且此外允许结合光伏电池的拱肩板的交钥匙解决方案。这正是本发明所提出的,并且此外它还具有良好的耐化学性和机械强度。
发明目的
诸位发明人已经发现,可以有利地通过借助于被提供用于粘合目的的聚合物材料的中间片层压第一基板和第二基板来形成拱肩板。在此整个文本中,第一基板是离建筑物最远的基板,且因此是最外面的基板。
第一基板覆盖有顶部介电层,其特征在于,一方面有足够高的折射率,并且另一方面有足够低的吸收系数。这些特征允许实现令人愉快的色调的外部反射和良好的光透射。外部反射中的色调可以通过适当选择层的厚度和/或其性质来调整。适当选择材料的性质允许满足耐热处理和耐久性方面的要求。
第一基板通过中间聚合物材料联结到第二基板,以形成层压件。顶部介电层沉积在第一基板上的将朝向中间聚合物材料定向的面上(即在位置P2)。
根据第一实施例,顶部介电层与第一基板直接接触。
根据第二实施例,本发明的第一基板被放置在第一基板与顶部介电层之间的底层所覆盖。该底层是阻挡层,其作用是在本发明的层的性质不能提供足够的对热处理的抵抗力时保护该层。
在每个实施例中,第二基板是不透明的。
优选地,顶部介电层和底层是仅有的沉积在第一基板上的层。
在本发明的一个特别实施例中,光伏电池被放置在根据上述实施例中任一个实施例的层压件的两个基板之间。
附图说明
为了便于其理解,下面给出的附图没有按比例绘制。
图1旨在用于第一实施例的第一基板的截面。
图2旨在用于第二实施例的第一基板的截面。
图3根据本发明的第一实施例的层压件的截面。
图4根据本发明的第二实施例的层压件的截面。
图5本发明的一个特别实施例的截面,该特别实施例带有根据第一实施例的光伏电池。
图6本发明的一个特别实施例的截面,该特别实施例带有根据第二实施例的光伏电池。
图7根据本发明的替代性实施例的层压件的截面,在该替代性实施例中,第二基板是由PET黑膜制成的不透明的平常的玻璃块。
图8本发明的一个特别实施例的截面,该特别实施例带有根据图7所示的替代性实施例的光伏电池。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种层压组件(层压件),该层压组件包括第一基板和第二基板,这两个基板通过聚合物材料的中间片保持在一起,该中间片在两个基板中的每个基板的至少一个区域上延伸。
第一基板是外部基板,即,离建筑物最远的基板。优选地,该第一基板是玻璃基板。所谓玻璃,是指主要由二氧化硅制成的透明矿物玻璃,特别是包括普通的钠钙浮法玻璃,其厚度包括在0.5mm与20mm之间,优选地在1.5mm与10mm之间,并且更优选地在2mm与6mm之间。有利地,该第一基板可以由更透明或甚至是超透明的钠钙玻璃制成,这意味着其特征在于以Fe2O3表示的总铁含量低,并且尤其是以Fe2O3表示的总铁含量在超透明玻璃的情况下为至多0.015wt%,在透明玻璃的情况下为至多0.1wt%。如此低的铁含量的结果是,玻璃的能量透射率要好得多,并且特别地,超透明玻璃的能量透射率高于90%,而厚度5mm的平常的浮法玻璃的能量透射率为82%。改进的能量透射率的优点是,当光伏电池放置在这种玻璃后面时,能获得更好的效率。
光反射率和透射率是根据标准EN 410(2011)给出的。它们是使用根据国际照明委员会(CIE)指定的标准照明体D65的光源以2°的立体角度进行测量的。
外部反射率,即玻璃的未涂覆面的一侧上的反射率,针对单片玻璃块(即非层压玻璃块)表示为Rg,并且在层压件的情况下,表示为Rext。
颜色参数是从CIELAB颜色空间中的坐标获得的。所谓a*Rg和b*Rg是指从单片基板的外部反射中测量的(即在玻璃的无涂层侧上测量的)颜色参数a*和b*。YRg和LRg*分别是在玻璃的无涂覆侧上测量的以百分比表示的反射率和以百分比表示的发光强度(亮度)。在层压件的外侧上,即在第一基板的无涂覆侧上测量的对应颜色参数表示为Rext、a*ext和b*ext。
用于单片玻璃块的反射涂层侧表示为Rc。对应的颜色参数是从CIELAB颜色空间的坐标获得的。所谓a*Rc和b*Rc是指在单片基板上的反射涂层侧上测量的颜色参数a*和b*。YRc和LRc*是指在玻璃的涂覆侧上测量的以百分比表示的反射率和以百分比表示的发光强度(亮度)。可见光谱中的透光率是根据标准EN 410(2011)。它被表示为Tv,并且对应的颜色参数由a*Tv和b*Tv给出。
能量透射率(TE)对应于太阳光谱中比可见光的透射更大的部分的透射。当感兴趣的是易于与光伏电池相互作用的透射光能时,该信息尤其重要。在本说明中,能量透射率是根据标准EN 410(2011)针对波长包括在300nm与2500nm之间的光进行测量的。就它们而言,能量透射率的模拟是对波长包括在390nm与2500nm之间的光进行的。
混合的氧化物或氮化物的组成由代表电介质的两种成分的重量百分比的比率指示,第一个数字与所讨论的的第一种元素相关。因此,TZO 65/35是指由65wt%的氧化钛和35wt%的氧化锆组成的混合钛-锆氧化物。类似地,SiZrN 60/40是指由60wt%的氮化硅和40wt%的氮化锆组成的混合氮化物。混合氧化物ZSO5 52/48对应于由52wt%的氧化锌和48wt%的氧化锡组成的混合锌锡氧化物,即ZSO5是锡酸锌(Zn2SnO4)。
顶部介电层的特征在于高折射率和低吸收系数。优选地,顶部介电层的折射率为至少2.0,并且优选地为至少2.1。有利地,介电层的吸收系数为至多0.1,并且优选地为至多0.05。折射率对审美外观(反射中的颜色)有影响,而低吸收系数允许更高的能量透射率。
有利地,顶部介电层选自混合氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物,即氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物是混合的,因为它们包括至少两种不同的氧化物、至少两种不同的氮化物、至少两种不同的氮氧化物(或至少一种氧化物和两种不同元素的一种氮化物)。在氮化物的情况下,特别有可能的是部分氧化导致混合氮氧化物的形成。
优选地,构成本发明的介电层的氧化物或氮化物选自以下元素的氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物,这些元素选自硅、钛、锌、锡、锆、铝和铌,诸如混合钛-锆氧化物(TZO)或混合硅-锆氮化物(SiZrN)。
在所有情况下,形成顶层组成一部分的每种氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物的存在比例按重量计不低于20%、优选地不低于25wt%,并且甚至更优选地按重量计不低于30%。更特别地,当介电层是锆-钛氧化物时,氧化钛的重量百分比包括在62wt%与68wt%之间。在混合氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物方面的该选择使得可以将混合物的氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物中的一种的光学性能与混合物的另一种氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物的耐久性能有利地组合。
顶部介电层的光学厚度及其组成是根据所期望的反射色调来选择的。该厚度有利地为至少40nm,并且优选地为至少50nm。
有利地,该光学厚度为至多110nm,优选地为至多80nm,并且甚至更优选地为至多70nm。
在层压件中,涂层位于外部基板的内部部分上,即位于聚合物材料片的一侧上。本领域技术人员通常将这面称为位置2,放置在建筑物中的窗玻璃的玻璃片的面从外部到内部进行编号。
根据本发明的第二实施例,在所述基板与顶部介电层之间的第一基板上沉积底层。底层的作用是保护顶部介电层,并且它可以是能够发挥该作用的任何氧化物、氮化物或氮氧化物。举例来说,可以提到一种或多种元素的氧化物,这些元素选自硅、锡、锌、钛、铝、铌和锆。有利地,该阻挡层的性质和厚度被选择成使得其不修改由顶部介电层给予第一基板的光学特性。更特别地,混合锌锡氧化物(ZSO)层,并且更特别地是锡酸锌层,非常适合发挥该阻挡层作用。有利地,底层的几何厚度至少等于5nm、并且优选地至少等于10nm,并且小于或等于25nm、并且优选地小于或等于20nm。
在每个实施例中,可以使用阴极溅射技术(溅射是PVD的类型)在本领域中与这种技术一起使用的众所周知的常规条件下施加底层和顶部介电层。使用金属靶,在氮气和氩气的反应性气氛中沉积氮化物,并且在氧气和氩气的反应性气氛中沉积氧化物。作为变体,使用被称为PECVD(等离子体增强化学气相沉积)的众所周知的技术施加介电层。
有利地,经涂覆的第一基板具有由表1中给出的值表征的玻璃侧的光反射率(Rg)和玻璃侧的反射色调。表1中的值针对钢化后的单片玻璃块。
表1
参数 | 优选值 | 最优选值 |
Y<sub>Rg</sub>(%) | 18至30 | 21至27 |
a*<sub>Rg</sub> | -4至0 | -2至-1 |
b*<sub>Rg</sub> | -13至-6 | -12至-8 |
该经涂覆和钢化的第一基板的特征在于足够高的能量透射率。在所有情况下,波长包括在300nm与2500nm之间的光的能量透射率高于0.68,优选地高于0.70,并且更优选高于0.72,并且甚至更优选地高于0.74。
第一基板有利地经受的热处理在于以本领域技术人员众所周知的方式将基板加热到高于500°,或甚至高于600°的温度超过4分钟的时间。
根据本发明的两个实施例,通过插入在两个基板之间的至少一个聚合物材料的中间膜将第一基板与第二基板层压。本发明的目的中的一个目的是使因此形成的拱肩板符合某些审美标准(参见下表2)。本发明的层压组件的第二基板是不透明的。该第二基板实质上可以是有机的或矿物的,或者在复合材料的情况下实质上甚至可以是有机和矿物的。有利地,本发明的层压件的第二基板是不透明的聚合物,诸如,例如聚氟乙烯,尤其是由杜邦公司(DuPont)以“Tedlar”的名称出售的聚氟乙烯。在另一个实施例中,第二基板是玻璃基板,该玻璃基板例如使用黑色涂料被制成不透明的,以便形成由欧洲AGC玻璃公司以“Lacobelblack classic”的名称出售的组件。在一个替代性实施例中,第二基板也可以由多种(有机和矿物)元素组成,这些元素连续地沉积在聚合物材料的中间膜上。作为说明,根据一个替代性实施例,不透明的聚合物膜(例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的黑色膜)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)层和最后的先前钢化的浮法玻璃块已被如此沉积,诸如以获得可以如下表示的层压件(所述层压件也在图7和图8中示意性地示出):
经涂覆的第一基板/中间膜/黑色PET/EVA/普通玻璃
在每个实施例中,聚合物材料的中间膜有利地选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氨酯(PU)、离聚物或具有所需性能的任何其他聚合物,诸如,陶氏公司的热塑性聚烯烃。聚合物材料的中间膜的厚度包括在0.3mm与2mm之间。该中间膜可以是多个相同材料或不同材料的片材的叠加。两个基板使用本领域技术人员众所周知的方法进行组装,并且例如WO 2003084744 A1或BE 876681A中描述的方法。第一基板被聚合物片材覆盖,该聚合物片材从卷筒被拉出,并且然后在第二基板铺设在其上面之前,将所述片材切割成第一基板的尺寸。如此形成的组件在脱气后进行压延和高压灭菌。该组装方法通过说明的方式给出,并且组装层压件的任何其他方法都可以用于本发明的目的。
根据本发明的任何实施例获得的层压件的特征在于所寻求的光学性能,诸如表2中整理的。因此,目标值主要与反射外侧的审美外观有关(外部反射率和外部反射中的颜色参数)。
表2
优选实施例 | 更优选的实施例 | |
Y<sub>Rext</sub>(%) | 10至20 | 12至18 |
a*<sub>Rext</sub> | -4至0 | -2至-1 |
b*<sub>Rext</sub> | -13至-6 | -12至-7 |
有利地,由于第一基板具有高能量透射率,因此可以在层压件的第一基板与第二基板之间添加光伏电池,并利用聚合物材料的中间片来固定它们。在这种情况下,在用第一聚合物材料中间膜覆盖第一基板后,将光伏电池放置在该膜上,与电池进行电气连接,并用第二聚合物材料膜覆盖由此形成的组件。最后,将第二基板放置在第二聚合物材料膜上,并且使用本领域技术人员众所周知的方法(参见上文)层压由此形成的组件。第二基板可以是矿物性质的(玻璃)、有机性质的(Tedlar等)或复合性质的(不透明的膜和玻璃)。
在其中第二基板由透明玻璃制成的替代性实施例的情况下,层压组件可以表示如下:
经涂覆的基板1/聚合物膜/光伏电池/聚合物膜/黑色PET/EVA/基板2
因此,在该特定实施例中,本发明产生了具有特别有利的审美并且配备有几乎不可能看到的光伏电池的拱肩板。因此,这种拱肩板在用于立面上时形成BIPV元件,并且具有美感的优点和收集太阳能的价值。
有利地,每个中间聚合物膜的厚度包括在0.3mm与2mm之间,因为光伏电池的厚度包括在0.1mm与1.0mm之间。
出于审美原因,已知要掩盖电池的边缘,或至少掩盖电气连接件和任何可能在成品外观中生成中断部的部分。本发明的非常大的优点中的一个优点是,凭借不透明的第二基板,电池的大部分仍然无法从外部看到,并且只有少数特别高反射的连接件必须被隐藏,例如使用黑色的聚氟乙烯或涂料涂层。接线盒的作用是收集面板产生的电力,它可以有利地位于拱肩板的后面或旁边。
具体实施方式
现在将通过附图和示例来描述本发明。然而,需要注意的是,示例仅仅是以说明的方式给出的,并且绝不限制本发明。
定义
所谓拱肩板,这里是指旨在用于建筑物立面上的窗户间的区域中的不透明板。
所谓不透明的基板,是指通过基板的透光率为至多4%,优选地为至多1%,并且甚至更优选地为至多0.5%。
所谓光学厚度,是指材料的几何厚度乘以其折射率的乘积。默认情况下,并且除非另有说明,否则这是几何厚度的问题。
折射率和消光系数是本领域技术人员众所周知的概念。在本说明中,并且除非另有指示,否则折射率、消光系数和光学厚度的值是针对589nm的波长给出的,并且通过光学模拟软件包CODE-Theiss进行估算。
通过指示,表3整理了一些介电材料的折射率和消光系数的值。除非另有说明,否则所提供的值是模拟值,如上所指示。消光系数的值为零意味着模拟值低于0.0001。对于表中所示的混合氧化物或氮化物,添加比率指示其组分的对应重量百分比。例如,TZO 65/35意味着由65wt%的氧化钛和35wt%的氧化锆组成的混合氧化物。这些值将用于本文其余部分中提到的材料。
表3
介电复合物 | n(589nm) | K(589nm) |
TiO<sub>2</sub> | 2.47 | 0 |
ZrO2 | 2.21* | 0* |
SiO2 | 1.47 | 0.0018 |
SiN | 2.03 | 0.0099 |
ZrN | 3.2* | 0.5 |
TZO 65/35 | 2.34 | 0.015 |
TZO 75/25 | 2.34 | 0.0054 |
TZO 50/50 | 2.29 | 0.0063 |
ZSO5 52/48 | 2.02 | 0.0006 |
SiZrN 68/32 | 2.21 | 0.015 |
*Wood和Nassau,应用光学,第21卷,第16期,第2978-2981页(1982)
附图
图1以截面展示了本发明的层压件的第一基板(S1),所述基板旨在用于第一实施例。第一基板具有两个主面(1)和(2)。根据本发明,通过PVD或PECVD在面(2)上沉积顶部介电层L。
图2以截面展示了本发明的层压件的第一基板(S1),所述基板旨在用于第二实施例。第一基板具有两个主面(1)和(2)。在面(2)上沉积第一底层B,并且然后根据本发明,在底层B上沉积顶部介电层L。两个层都通过PVD或PECVD进行沉积。
图3以截面展示了根据本发明的第一实施例的层压件。第一基板(图1所示)通过沉积在第一基板的面(2)侧上的聚合物材料的中间片(P1)与第二基板(S2)层压,该面是涂覆有顶部介电层(L)的面。
图4以截面展示了根据本发明的第二实施例的层压件。第一基板(图2所示)通过沉积在第一基板的面(2)侧上的聚合物材料的中间片(P1)与第二基板(S2)层压,该面是涂覆有底层(B)和顶部介电层(L)的面。
图5以截面展示了本发明的特定实施例,其中,向图3所展示的层压件添加了聚合物材料的第二中间片(P2),并且在两个中间片(P1)和(P2)之间放置了光伏电池(PV)。
图6以截面展示了本发明的特定实施例,其中,向图4所展示的层压件添加了聚合物材料的第二中间片(P2),并且在两个中间片(P1)和(P2)之间放置了光伏电池(PV)。
图7以截面展示了替代性实施例,其中第二基板是普通的玻璃块,该玻璃块通过由PET制成的黑色聚合物膜制成不透明的,并且其与玻璃的粘附力通过由EVA制成的膜来保证。图7所示的替代性实施例展示了第二实施例,其中在顶部介电层(L)下面放置了底层(B)。
图8以截面展示了本发明的特定实施例,其中,向图7所展示的层压件添加了聚合物材料的第二中间片(P2),并且在两个中间片(P1)和(P2)之间放置了光伏电池(PV)。
示例
根据第一实施例,本发明的顶部介电层沉积在第一基板上。表4示出了通过TheissCODE系统针对由各种类型的电介质制成的顶部介电层进行模拟而获得的光学参数。在这些示例中,电介质的几何厚度为27nm,并且沉积在3.85mm厚的透明玻璃上,这种玻璃由AGC公司以Clearlite的名称销售。模拟值针对单片基板给出。针对包括在390nm与2500nm之间的波长范围,基于根据标准EN 410(2011)的计算来模拟能量透射率。
表4
还是根据第一实施例,模拟了以TZO 65/35作为介电层沉积在第一基板上的窗玻璃(3.85mm浮法玻璃)。表5给出了针对不同厚度的TZO 65/35获得的光学参数。这些厚度是几何厚度并且单位是nm。这些值是通过使用Theiss CODE系统进行的模拟获得的。模拟值针对单片基板给出。针对包括在390nm与2500nm之间的波长范围,基于根据标准EN 410(2011)的计算来模拟能量透射率。
表5
根据第一实施例实现本发明的示例1至示例4
将4mm厚的超透明玻璃板引入磁控阴极溅射设备的真空室中。该真空室配备有由钛-锆氧化物(65/35)制成的陶瓷阴极。使用本领域技术人员众所周知的方法,在氧气和氩气的气氛中,将TZO 65/35层沉积在玻璃基板上。调整条件以便获得表6中描述的4个经涂覆的示例,这些示例在沉积层的厚度上有所不同。
表6
对样品进行热处理(在670℃下保持4分钟)。在各自情况下,热处理之前和之后测量的反射或透射中的所有光学参数(Y、L*、a*、b*)都保持稳定。
多个样品通过EVA聚合物膜与Tedlar基板层压,并以结合光伏电池的方式进行层压。通过Ultrascan分光光度计测量层压组件的光学参数,并在表7中给出。颜色参数针对反射外侧给出,即来自层压件的玻璃基板的未涂覆侧。
表7
不透明的第二基板的存在和所获得的有利反射率是第一基板后面的一切事物光学消失的原因。因为其特别有吸引力的审美外观,所以可以将该层压件用作拱肩板。
根据第二实施例实现本发明的示例8至示例9
在本发明的第二实施例中,在沉积本发明的介电层之前,在第一基板上沉积了阻挡层。将4mm厚的超透明玻璃板引入磁控涂覆设备的第一真空室中。真空室配备有锌-锡合金阴极(52%的Zn)。使用本领域技术人员众所周知的方法,在氧气和氩气的气氛中,在玻璃基板上沉积ZSO5层。然后,将基板转移到第二真空室,该真空室配备有由钛-锆氧化物(65/35)制成的阴极。使用本领域技术人员众所周知的方法,在氧气和氩气的气氛中,在第一阻挡层上沉积TZO 65/35层。对所获得的样品进行热处理(在670℃下保持4分钟)。
表8整理了在根据本发明的第二实施例的经涂覆的第一基板上测量的光学参数。光学参数是在外部反射中的那些光学参数,即在钢化后从第一单片基板的玻璃侧反射的光学参数。针对包括在290nm与2500nm之间的波长范围,根据标准EN 410(2011)来测量能量透射率被。
表8
然后通过EVA将上面所示的示例与第二Tedlar基板层压。将光伏电池插入EVA中。然后使用Ultrascan分光光度计测量层压组件的某些光学参数。测量值与外部反射有关,即来自第一基板的玻璃侧的反射,并在表9中给出。
表9
将光伏电池插入本发明的层压件中
在一个有利的实施例中,在EVA沉积在第一基板(经涂覆的玻璃,对应于参考5)上之后,将光伏电池布置在适当的位置,沉积第二EVA膜,并且最后将不透明的第二基板定位在适当的位置。在标准测试条件(STC)下评估由此形成的并配备有光伏电池的该层压件的效率,这要求电池保持在25℃的温度下,以每平方米1000瓦的功率用空气质量1.5倍频谱进行照射(标准EN 50380,2003)。因此,已经示出,当光伏电池通过承载其层的第一基板接收光时,与通过未涂覆玻璃的测量结果相比,效率降低至多20%,优选地降低至多15%,并且甚至更优选地降低至多10%。通过测量电池的千瓦峰值(瓦数峰值)来计算效率,这对于本领域技术人员来说是众所周知的,并且它允许对光伏板的性能进行评估,以便预测它们在最佳条件下能够产生的电量。
Claims (16)
1.一种拱肩板,所述拱肩板包括第一基板、聚合物材料的中间膜、以及不透明的第二基板,其特征在于,所述第一基板涂覆有至多两层,所述至多两层沉积在位于所述聚合物材料的中间膜的一侧上的表面上,并且至少包括顶部介电层。
2.如前一项权利要求所述的拱肩板,其特征在于,所述顶部介电层的特征在于折射率至少等于2.0、且优选地至少等于2.1,并且所述顶部介电层的特征在于吸收系数低于0.1、且优选地低于0.05。
3.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征在于,所述顶部介电层是氧化物层、氮化物层或氮氧化物层,包括选自硅、钛、锌、锡、锆、铝和铌的至少两种不同元素。
4.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征在于,所述顶部介电层是混合的钛-锆氧化物或混合的硅-锆氮化物。
5.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,所述拱肩板的顶部介电层的光学厚度至少等于40nm、优选地至少等于50nm,并且至多为110nm、优选地至多为80nm。
6.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征在于,在所述基板和所述顶部介电层之间的所述第一基板上沉积底层。
7.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征在于,所述底层是包括至少两种不同元素的氧化物、氮化物或氧氮化物层,所述至少两种不同元素选自硅、钛、锌、锡、锆、铝和铌。
8.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征在于,所述底层是混合的锌-锡氧化物。
9.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征在于,所述底层的几何厚度至少等于5nm、优选地至少等于6nm,并且小于或等于30nm、优选地小于或等于25nm。
10.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,所述拱肩板的第一基板的特征为,波长包括在300nm与2500nm之间的光的能量透射率高于0.68、优选地高于0.70、更优选地高于0.72、甚至更优选地高于0.74。
11.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征为,在外侧上测量到的反射率包括在10%与20%之间、且优选地在12%与18%之间。
12.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其特征为,外部反射中的颜色,其参数a*包括在-4与0之间、且优选地在-2与-1之间,并且其参数b*包括在-13与-6之间、且优选地在-12与-7之间。
13.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,所述拱肩板的第二基板是通过聚合物膜或不透明的合成基板制成不透明的普通玻璃。
14.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其中,所述聚合物材料的中间膜的厚度包括在0.3mm与2mm之间,并且选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氨酯(PU)或离聚物。
15.如前述权利要求之一所述的拱肩板,其中,光伏电池插入在所述第一基板与所述第二基板之间。
16.如前一项权利要求所述的拱肩板,其光伏效率在标准测试条件(STC)下相对于透明玻璃降低至多20%、优选地降低至多15%、甚至更优选地降低至多10%。
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GB2311791A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1997-10-08 | Glaverbel | Gold-tinted glazing panels |
EP2517877A2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-31 | Pilkington Deutschland AG | Spandrel panel |
US20130022821A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2013-01-24 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) | Spandrel coating and method |
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US3869198A (en) | 1972-09-22 | 1975-03-04 | Ppg Industries Inc | Heat and light reflecting spandrel |
BE876681A (fr) | 1978-06-14 | 1979-11-30 | Bfg Glassgroup | Procede de fabrication d'un panneau comprenant au moins une cellule photovoltaique et panneau comprenant au moins une telle cellule |
DE4003851C1 (zh) | 1990-02-06 | 1991-07-04 | Flachglas Ag, 8510 Fuerth, De | |
US6514621B1 (en) * | 1997-12-24 | 2003-02-04 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Patterned coated articles and methods for producing the same |
BE1014750A3 (fr) | 2002-04-09 | 2004-03-02 | Glaverbel | Assemblage de vitrages feuilletes. |
US20040202803A1 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-10-14 | Pilkington North America, Inc. | Spandrel panel with low visible light transmittance pane |
EP3172175B1 (fr) | 2014-07-25 | 2023-01-11 | AGC Glass Europe | Panneau de verre décoratif |
FR3087383B1 (fr) * | 2018-10-18 | 2022-09-09 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage comprenant un revetement fonctionnel et un revetement d'ajustement colorimetrique |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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GB2311791A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1997-10-08 | Glaverbel | Gold-tinted glazing panels |
US20130022821A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2013-01-24 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) | Spandrel coating and method |
EP2517877A2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-10-31 | Pilkington Deutschland AG | Spandrel panel |
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