CN115228014B - Multi-phase and multi-kind fire disaster treatment method in energy storage shelter - Google Patents
Multi-phase and multi-kind fire disaster treatment method in energy storage shelter Download PDFInfo
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- CN115228014B CN115228014B CN202210715500.8A CN202210715500A CN115228014B CN 115228014 B CN115228014 B CN 115228014B CN 202210715500 A CN202210715500 A CN 202210715500A CN 115228014 B CN115228014 B CN 115228014B
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- preset value
- container
- inflammable
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical group N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-phase multi-kind fire disaster treatment method in an energy storage shelter, which comprises the following steps: when the content of the combustible gas in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, reducing the oxygen ratio in the shelter, and cooling inflammables or explosive substances; when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, reducing the contact between inflammable or explosive substances in the shelter and oxygen, and cooling the inflammable or explosive substances; when the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds the third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds the fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds the fifth preset value, the power-off in the shelter is controlled, and inflammable or explosive substances are sprayed. On the premise of completely disposing the fire, the equipment loss and the occurrence of secondary disasters are reduced to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of safe energy storage, in particular to a multi-phase multi-type fire disaster treatment method in an energy storage shelter.
Background
In recent years, the development speed of the energy storage industry in China is faster and faster, the important effects of peak clipping and valley filling, electric energy quality improvement and the like are achieved on the power generation side, the power transmission and distribution side and the load side of a large power grid, the application of the energy storage industry in the distributed energy of a user side micro power grid is wider and wider, the energy storage of the power grid is an important link of energy consumption in China, and the energy storage market demand is huge. The currently emerging energy storage mode of the lithium ion batteries in China mainly comprises the step of intensively placing a large number of lithium ion batteries in the form of energy storage PACK/cluster/shelter.
The lithium ion battery is an energy-containing substance (lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium ion battery), the temperature is suddenly increased after thermal runaway, fire is extremely easy to occur, and because the internal continuous short circuit occurs, the condition of continuous high temperature can occur before the energy is completely released, so that the fire is extremely easy to burn back, and the fire of the lithium ion battery energy storage cabinet has the characteristics of easy occurrence, high occurrence speed, high spreading speed, easy explosion, easy reburning and the like. After the energy storage battery PACK/cluster is placed in a cluster, the energy density is high, the energy is high, and the energy released by fire or explosion is high. In the face of such serious fire hidden danger, an effective fire prevention and control scheme or technology is still lacking at present, an efficient and reliable fire prevention and control device is lacking, and engineering application theory and practical experience of a fire extinguishing device are also lacking. Once a fire occurs, huge losses are easily caused to social security and life and property security.
Aiming at the fire disaster characteristics of the places, the prevention and control of the fire disaster has special requirements: 1. the fire is controlled rapidly, and the fire is prevented from spreading; 2. the temperature is quickly reduced, and the environmental temperature is reduced; 3. and the explosion suppression is carried out for a long time, so that the re-burning risk is reduced.
At present, research on fire prevention and control technology of a lithium ion battery energy storage shelter is still in an initial stage at home and abroad, although a plurality of institutions carry out related research, the fire extinguishing modes used are single, either the fire cannot be thoroughly controlled, or loss is increased because of excessive treatment means, aiming at the situation that the surface temperature of the battery is not lower than 900 ℃ after the battery is in thermal runaway and forms a fire, the prior art means cannot simultaneously realize the requirements of rapid extinguishment of open fire, rapid later temperature reduction and long-term fire prevention and control inhibition, and ideal fire prevention and control and treatment effects cannot be achieved, so that the problem is to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a multi-phase multi-type fire disaster treatment method in an energy storage shelter, which comprises the following steps:
when the content of the combustible gas in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, reducing the oxygen ratio in the shelter, and cooling inflammables or explosive substances;
when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, reducing the contact between inflammable or explosive substances in the shelter and oxygen, and cooling the inflammable or explosive substances;
when the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds the third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds the fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds the fifth preset value, the power-off in the shelter is controlled, and inflammable or explosive substances are sprayed.
Further, when the content of the combustible gas in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, and liquid nitrogen pre-stored in the first container is controlled to be sprayed to inflammable matters or explosive matters, so that the oxygen ratio in the shelter is reduced, and the inflammable matters or explosive matters are cooled.
Further, when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, and liquid carbon dioxide pre-stored in the second container is controlled to be sprayed to inflammable or explosive substances, so that the contact between the inflammable or explosive substances and oxygen is reduced, and the inflammable or explosive substances are cooled.
Further, after the liquid nitrogen flows out from the first container, cold and heat exchange is carried out between the liquid nitrogen and water stored in the heat preservation water tank, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen flowing out from the first container is guaranteed to be not higher than a sixth preset value, the water in the heat preservation water tank is cooled, and then the liquid nitrogen or nitrogen after the liquid nitrogen and the water in the heat preservation water tank are subjected to heat exchange is controlled to be sprayed to inflammables or explosive substances.
Further, when the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds a third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds a fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds a fifth preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, the liquid nitrogen is controlled to flow out of the first container, then heat exchange is carried out between the liquid nitrogen and water flowing out of the heat preservation water tank, the water temperature is reduced to between 0 and 5 ℃, and then the liquid nitrogen or the nitrogen flowing out of the first container and the water with the water temperature reduced to between 0 and 5 ℃ are controlled to impact inflammables or explosive substances together.
Further, when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds the second preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, liquid nitrogen pre-stored in the first container is controlled to be subjected to cold-heat exchange with liquid carbon dioxide pre-stored in the second container after flowing out of the first container so as to further reduce the temperature of the carbon dioxide which is always kept in the liquid state, and then the liquid nitrogen or nitrogen flowing out of the first container and the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out of the second container are controlled to be used for impacting inflammables or explosive substances together.
According to the invention, the fire disasters occurring in the cabin are treated by adopting a plurality of types of mediums, and different treatment modes are adopted in different scenes, so that the equipment loss and the occurrence of secondary disasters are reduced to the greatest extent on the premise of completely treating the fire disasters.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a multi-phase multi-kind fire disaster treatment method in an energy storage shelter, which comprises the following steps:
when the content of the combustible gas in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, reducing the oxygen ratio in the shelter, and cooling inflammables or explosive substances.
When the content of the combustible gas exceeds a first preset value, smoke is not detected, the ambient temperature does not reach the ignition point of the combustible gas, the situation that although enough combustible media exist in the shelter, a large risk and hidden danger of causing fire exist, open fire or yin fire does not occur, and the situation that hardware in the shelter is not damaged by combustion is indirectly described, at the moment, the shelter is powered off at first, so that the combustible gas suddenly breaks out of fire, meanwhile, the temperature in the shelter is not increased due to the fact that equipment is operated, and meanwhile, the fire can be prevented on the premise that the hardware facilities in the shelter are not damaged by reducing the oxygen ratio in the shelter and the inflammable or explosive substances are cooled.
Specifically, when the content of the combustible gas in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, the power in the shelter is controlled, and the liquid nitrogen pre-stored in the first container is controlled to be sprayed to inflammable matters or explosive matters, so that the oxygen ratio in the shelter is reduced, and the inflammable matters or explosive matters are cooled.
After the liquid nitrogen is sprayed out of the first container, the liquid nitrogen can be gasified rapidly, and the oxygen in the shelter is extruded and diluted, so that the ratio of the oxygen in the shelter is reduced, and meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen gasification process is also a rapid heat absorption process due to the extremely low temperature of the liquid nitrogen, so that inflammables or explosive substances can be cooled rapidly, and the aim of preventing fire is fulfilled.
Further, after the liquid nitrogen flows out from the first container, cold and heat exchange is carried out between the liquid nitrogen and water stored in the heat preservation water tank, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen flowing out from the first container is guaranteed to be not higher than a sixth preset value, the water in the heat preservation water tank is cooled, and then the liquid nitrogen or nitrogen after the liquid nitrogen and the water in the heat preservation water tank are subjected to heat exchange is controlled to be sprayed to inflammables or explosive substances.
Because liquid nitrogen is stored in the pressure container and the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is extremely low, the liquid nitrogen is inevitably polluted to surrounding equipment in the process of spraying inflammable or explosive substances, and the extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen can possibly damage the surrounding equipment.
Therefore, firstly, on the premise that the temperature of the liquid nitrogen flowing out of the first container is not higher than a sixth preset value, the water in the heat preservation water tank is cooled, and the effect is that:
1. the liquid nitrogen is subjected to heating treatment, and the heating range is within a preset range, so that the liquid nitrogen can be effectively prevented from damaging surrounding equipment on the premise of achieving fire extinguishing and cooling and reducing the oxygen concentration;
2. the water in the heat preservation water tank is cooled, and the low temperature is kept in the heat preservation water tank, so that the fire extinguishing effect is added when the water in the follow-up heat preservation water tank is used for extinguishing a fire.
When the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second preset value, the power-off in the shelter is controlled, the contact between inflammable or explosive substances in the shelter and oxygen is reduced, and the inflammable or explosive substances are cooled.
When the smoke content exceeds the second preset value and the environment temperature is not high, the content of the generated combustible gas is in a controllable range, although the fact that open fire or negative fire appears in the shelter possibly causes damage to hardware facilities is shown, the damage degree is limited, and the damage to the hardware facilities can be furthest reduced on the premise of eliminating fire by adopting a mode of reducing contact between inflammables or explosives in the shelter and oxygen and cooling the inflammables or the explosives.
Further, when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, and liquid carbon dioxide pre-stored in the second container is controlled to be sprayed to inflammable or explosive substances, so that the contact between the inflammable or explosive substances and oxygen is reduced, and the inflammable or explosive substances are cooled.
After the liquid carbon dioxide is sprayed out of the second container, the liquid carbon dioxide can be gasified rapidly to become gaseous carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide can form a barrier between inflammable or explosive and oxygen in comparison with air, so that the purpose of reducing contact between inflammable or explosive and oxygen is achieved, the carbon dioxide is flame-retardant gas, the effect of preventing fire from spreading further is obvious, meanwhile, the carbon dioxide is quickly mixed into the air, the content of oxygen in the air can be reduced, and the process of gasifying the liquid carbon dioxide into gaseous carbon dioxide is also an endothermic process, so that the environmental temperature can be effectively reduced, and the fire is further prevented and prevented.
Further, when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds the second preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, the liquid nitrogen pre-stored in the first container is controlled to be subjected to cold-heat exchange with the liquid carbon dioxide pre-stored in the second container after flowing out of the first container so as to further reduce the temperature of the carbon dioxide which is always kept in the liquid state, then the liquid nitrogen or nitrogen flowing out of the first container and the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out of the second container are controlled to be used for impacting inflammables or explosives together, and the carbon dioxide after further cooling has an effect addition in fire extinguishment.
When the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds the third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds the fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds the fifth preset value, the power-off in the shelter is controlled, and inflammable or explosive substances are sprayed.
When the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds a third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds a fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds a fifth preset value, the situation that the fire disaster in the shelter is out of control is indicated, the equipment loss cannot be recovered, the shelter is completely submerged by spraying, and the disposal mode is relatively thorough, so that the fire disaster can be prevented from further spreading.
Further, when the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds a third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds a fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds a fifth preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, the liquid nitrogen is controlled to flow out of the first container and then exchange heat with water in the heat preservation water tank until the water temperature is reduced to between 0 and 5 ℃, and then the liquid nitrogen or the nitrogen which flows out of the first container and the water with the water temperature reduced to between 0 and 5 ℃ are controlled to impact inflammables or explosive substances together.
At this moment, the fire is out of control in the shelter, equipment loss can not be recovered, and the rapid fire extinguishing is needed, prevents the fire from further spreading and even exploding, and through adopting the water that makes liquid nitrogen flow out of the first container and to flow out the water tank to cool down rapidly for the temperature of the water that sprays out is close to the freezing point, can put out the fire more rapidly, reduces the emergence of secondary disaster.
The liquid nitrogen temperature is extremely low, the liquid nitrogen and water are subjected to cold-heat exchange in a non-contact manner, the cooling speed is extremely high, the purpose of cooling water can be met on the premise that the spraying speed is not influenced, and therefore the effect addition in the fire extinguishing process is achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method of multi-phase and multi-type fire disposal in an energy storage shelter, comprising:
when the content of the combustible gas in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, reducing the oxygen ratio in the shelter, and cooling inflammables or explosive substances;
when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, reducing the contact between inflammable or explosive substances in the shelter and oxygen, and cooling the inflammable or explosive substances;
when the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds a third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds a fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds a fifth preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, and spraying inflammable or explosive substances;
when the content of the combustible gas in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, and controlling the liquid nitrogen pre-stored in the first container to be sprayed to inflammable matters or explosive matters so as to reduce the oxygen ratio in the shelter and realize the cooling of the inflammable matters or explosive matters;
after the liquid nitrogen flows out of the first container, cold and heat exchange is carried out on the liquid nitrogen and water stored in the heat preservation water tank, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen flowing out of the first container is ensured to be not higher than a sixth preset value, the water in the heat preservation water tank is cooled, and then the liquid nitrogen or nitrogen after the heat exchange with the water in the heat preservation water tank is controlled to be sprayed to inflammables or explosive substances;
when the combustible gas content in the shelter exceeds a third preset value, the smoke content value exceeds a fourth preset value and the environment temperature exceeds a fifth preset value, controlling the power-off in the shelter, controlling the liquid nitrogen to flow out of the first container, performing heat exchange with water flowing out of the heat preservation water tank, reducing the water temperature to between 0 and 5 ℃, and then controlling the liquid nitrogen or the nitrogen flowing out of the first container and the water with the water temperature reduced to between 0 and 5 ℃ to impact inflammables or explosive substances;
when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second preset value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, the liquid nitrogen pre-stored in the first container is controlled to perform cold-heat exchange with the liquid carbon dioxide pre-stored in the second container after flowing out of the first container so as to further reduce the temperature of the carbon dioxide which is always kept in the liquid state, and then the liquid nitrogen or nitrogen flowing out of the first container and the liquid carbon dioxide flowing out of the second container are controlled to be used for impacting inflammables or explosive substances together.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the smoke content in the shelter exceeds a second predetermined value, the shelter is controlled to be powered off, and the liquid carbon dioxide pre-stored in the second container is controlled to be sprayed to inflammable or explosive substances, so that the contact of the inflammable or explosive substances with oxygen is reduced and the inflammable or explosive substances are cooled.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210715500.8A CN115228014B (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Multi-phase and multi-kind fire disaster treatment method in energy storage shelter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210715500.8A CN115228014B (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Multi-phase and multi-kind fire disaster treatment method in energy storage shelter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115228014A CN115228014A (en) | 2022-10-25 |
| CN115228014B true CN115228014B (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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| CN202210715500.8A Active CN115228014B (en) | 2022-06-23 | 2022-06-23 | Multi-phase and multi-kind fire disaster treatment method in energy storage shelter |
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| US6502421B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2003-01-07 | Igor K. Kotliar | Mobile firefighting systems with breathable hypoxic fire extinguishing compositions for human occupied environments |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN115228014A (en) | 2022-10-25 |
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