CN115228013B - Multi-phase fire disaster treatment system in energy storage shelter - Google Patents

Multi-phase fire disaster treatment system in energy storage shelter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115228013B
CN115228013B CN202210715310.6A CN202210715310A CN115228013B CN 115228013 B CN115228013 B CN 115228013B CN 202210715310 A CN202210715310 A CN 202210715310A CN 115228013 B CN115228013 B CN 115228013B
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heat exchange
cold
component
preset value
instant
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CN202210715310.6A
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CN115228013A (en
Inventor
丁伟
朱兴国
张小飞
杜桂新
吕梦强
卢军义
林启明
金中
陈延军
郭书琪
宋伟权
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Anhui Zhongke Zhonghuan Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
Energy Storage Research Institute Of China Southern Power Grid Peak Regulation And Frequency Regulation Power Generation Co ltd
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Energy Storage Research Institute Of China Southern Power Grid Peak Regulation And Frequency Regulation Power Generation Co ltd
Anhui Zhongke Zhonghuan Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiphase fire disaster treatment system in an energy storage shelter, wherein a first sensing unit is used for detecting a first instant concentration of combustible gas in the shelter; the second sensing unit is used for detecting a second instant concentration of smoke in the shelter; the third sensing unit is used for detecting an instant temperature value in the shelter; the first treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component; the second treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component; the main controller is in control connection with the first treatment component and the second treatment component and is used for controlling the first treatment component to input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component when the first instant concentration exceeds a first preset value, the second instant concentration exceeds a second preset value and the instant temperature value exceeds a third preset value, inputting water subjected to cold-heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component by the second treatment component, and then enabling the cooled water to be sprayed to inflammable matters or explosive matters. On the premise of completely disposing the fire, the equipment loss and the occurrence of secondary disasters are reduced to the greatest extent.

Description

Multi-phase fire disaster treatment system in energy storage shelter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of safe energy storage, in particular to a multiphase fire disaster treatment system in an energy storage shelter.
Background
In recent years, the development speed of the energy storage industry in China is faster and faster, the important effects of peak clipping and valley filling, electric energy quality improvement and the like are achieved on the power generation side, the power transmission and distribution side and the load side of a large power grid, the application of the energy storage industry in the distributed energy of a user side micro power grid is wider and wider, the energy storage of the power grid is an important link of energy consumption in China, and the energy storage market demand is huge. The currently emerging energy storage mode of the lithium ion batteries in China mainly comprises the step of intensively placing a large number of lithium ion batteries in the form of energy storage PACK/cluster/shelter.
The lithium ion battery is an energy-containing substance (lithium iron phosphate and ternary lithium ion battery), the temperature is suddenly increased after thermal runaway, fire is extremely easy to occur, and because the internal continuous short circuit occurs, the condition of continuous high temperature can occur before the energy is completely released, so that the fire is extremely easy to burn back, and the fire of the lithium ion battery energy storage cabinet has the characteristics of easy occurrence, high occurrence speed, high spreading speed, easy explosion, easy reburning and the like. After the energy storage battery PACK/cluster is placed in a cluster, the energy density is high, the energy is high, and the energy released by fire or explosion is high. In the face of such serious fire hidden danger, an effective fire prevention and control scheme or technology is still lacking at present, an efficient and reliable fire prevention and control device is lacking, and engineering application theory and practical experience of a fire extinguishing device are also lacking. Once a fire occurs, huge losses are easily caused to social security and life and property security.
Aiming at the fire disaster characteristics of the places, the prevention and control of the fire disaster has special requirements: 1. the fire is controlled rapidly, and the fire is prevented from spreading; 2. the temperature is quickly reduced, and the environmental temperature is reduced; 3. and the explosion suppression is carried out for a long time, so that the re-burning risk is reduced.
At present, research on fire prevention and control technology of a lithium ion battery energy storage shelter is still in an initial stage at home and abroad, although a plurality of institutions carry out related research, the fire extinguishing modes used are single, either the fire cannot be thoroughly controlled, or loss is increased because of excessive treatment means, aiming at the situation that the surface temperature of the battery is not lower than 900 ℃ after the battery is in thermal runaway and forms a fire, the prior art means cannot simultaneously realize the requirements of rapid extinguishment of open fire, rapid later temperature reduction and long-term fire prevention and control inhibition, and ideal fire prevention and control and treatment effects cannot be achieved, so that the problem is to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background technology, the invention provides a multiphase fire disaster treatment system in an energy storage shelter, which comprises: a heat exchange assembly;
the first sensing unit is used for detecting the first instant concentration of the combustible gas in the shelter;
the second sensing unit is used for detecting a second instant concentration of smoke in the shelter;
the third sensing unit is used for detecting an instant temperature value in the shelter;
the first treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component;
the second treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component;
the main controller is in control connection with the first treatment component and the second treatment component and is used for controlling the first treatment component to input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component when the first instant concentration exceeds a first preset value, the second instant concentration exceeds a second preset value and the instant temperature value exceeds a third preset value, inputting water which carries out cold-heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component by the second treatment component, reducing the water temperature to between 0 and 5 ℃, and then spraying the cooled water to inflammables or explosive substances.
Further, the main controller is also used for controlling liquid nitrogen or nitrogen to spray inflammable or explosive substances after cold and heat exchange is carried out between the main controller and water.
Further, the second disposal component is provided with a heat preservation water tank, and the main controller is further used for controlling the first disposal component to output liquid nitrogen and perform heat exchange with water in the heat preservation water tank when the first instant concentration exceeds a fourth preset value so that the output liquid nitrogen or nitrogen temperature is higher than the fifth preset value and then is sprayed to inflammables or explosive substances.
Further, the device also comprises a third disposal component, the master controller is in control connection with the third disposal component, and the master controller is further used for controlling the third disposal component to spray the liquid carbon dioxide to inflammable matters or explosive matters when the second instant concentration exceeds a sixth preset value.
Further, when the second instant concentration exceeds a sixth preset value, the main controller is further used for controlling the first treatment component to input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component, and the third treatment component inputs liquid carbon dioxide which performs cold-heat exchange with the input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component, so that the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is reduced to the seventh preset value and then is sprayed to inflammable matters or explosive matters.
Further, the master controller is also used for spraying liquid nitrogen or nitrogen after heat exchange with the liquid carbon dioxide to inflammables or explosives.
Further, the liquid nitrogen and the water which are input into the cold-heat exchange component are in indirect contact cold-heat exchange with each other.
Further, the combustible gas includes, but is not limited to, one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and combustible VOC gases.
Further, the water output by the second sensing unit is derived from municipal water.
Further, the third sensing unit is further used for detecting the instant water temperature in the heat preservation water tank, and when the first instant concentration exceeds the first preset value, the second instant concentration exceeds the second preset value, the instant temperature value exceeds the third preset value and the instant water temperature is between 0 ℃ and 5 ℃, the main controller is used for preferentially controlling the second treatment assembly to spray the water in the heat preservation water tank to inflammable matters or explosive matters.
According to the invention, the fire disasters occurring in the cabin are treated by adopting a plurality of types of mediums, and different treatment modes are adopted in different scenes, so that the equipment loss and the occurrence of secondary disasters are reduced to the greatest extent on the premise of completely treating the fire disasters.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a multi-phase fire disaster treatment system in an energy storage shelter, which comprises the following components: a heat exchange assembly;
the first sensing unit is used for detecting the first instant concentration of the combustible gas in the shelter;
the second sensing unit is used for detecting a second instant concentration of smoke in the shelter;
the third sensing unit is used for detecting an instant temperature value in the shelter;
the first treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component;
the second treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component;
the main controller is in control connection with the first treatment component and the second treatment component and is used for controlling the first treatment component to input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component when the first instant concentration exceeds a first preset value, the second instant concentration exceeds a second preset value and the instant temperature value exceeds a third preset value, inputting water which carries out cold-heat exchange with the liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component by the second treatment component, reducing the water temperature to between 0 and 5 ℃, and then spraying the cooled water to inflammables or explosive substances.
When the first instant concentration in the shelter exceeds a first preset value, the second instant concentration exceeds a second preset value and the instant temperature value exceeds a third preset value, the situation that the fire in the shelter is out of control, equipment loss cannot be recovered, rapid fire extinguishing is required, loss is prevented from further expanding, the shelter is completely submerged by spraying, the disposal mode is the fastest and the most thorough, the fire is effectively prevented from further spreading, the water subjected to fire extinguishing is rapidly cooled by adopting liquid nitrogen, the temperature of the sprayed water is close to the freezing point, the fire can be more rapidly extinguished, the occurrence of secondary disasters is reduced, the liquid nitrogen and water are reasonably proportioned, and direct contact-free cold-heat exchange is performed.
Further, the main controller is also used for controlling liquid nitrogen or nitrogen to spray inflammable or explosive substances after cold and heat exchange is carried out between the main controller and water.
Further, the second disposal component is provided with a heat preservation water tank, and the main controller is further used for controlling the first disposal component to output liquid nitrogen and perform heat exchange with water in the heat preservation water tank when the first instant concentration exceeds a fourth preset value so that the output liquid nitrogen or nitrogen temperature is higher than the fifth preset value and then is sprayed to inflammables or explosive substances.
When the first instant concentration exceeds the fourth preset value, the second instant concentration does not exceed the second preset value, and the instant temperature value does not exceed the third preset value, the fact that more combustible media exist in the shelter, and the risk and hidden danger of causing fire are large is shown, open fire or negative fire is not generated, meanwhile, the ignition point is not reached, the fact that hardware in the shelter is not damaged is indirectly shown, at the moment, after liquid nitrogen is sprayed out, the oxygen in the shelter is extruded and diluted, and therefore the ratio of oxygen in the shelter is reduced, meanwhile, due to the fact that the liquid nitrogen has extremely low temperature, the liquid nitrogen gasification process is also a rapid heat absorption process, inflammables or explosive objects can be cooled rapidly, and the purpose of preventing the fire is achieved.
Further, since the liquid nitrogen is stored in the pressure vessel, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is extremely low and cannot be regulated, and the liquid nitrogen is inevitably contaminated with surrounding equipment in the process of spraying the liquid nitrogen to inflammables or explosive substances, and the surrounding equipment is possibly damaged by the extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen.
Therefore, firstly, on the premise that the temperature of the liquid nitrogen flowing out of the first container is not higher than a fifth preset value, the water in the heat preservation water tank is cooled, and the effect is that:
1. the liquid nitrogen is subjected to heating treatment, and the heating range is within a preset range, so that the liquid nitrogen can be effectively prevented from damaging surrounding equipment on the premise of achieving fire extinguishment, temperature reduction and oxygen content reduction;
2. the water in the heat preservation water tank is cooled, and the low temperature is kept in the heat preservation water tank, so that the fire extinguishing effect is better when the water in the heat preservation water tank is used for extinguishing a fire subsequently.
Further, the device also comprises a third disposal component, the master controller is in control connection with the third disposal component, and the master controller is further used for controlling the third disposal component to spray the liquid carbon dioxide to inflammable matters or explosive matters when the second instant concentration exceeds a sixth preset value.
Further, when the second instant concentration exceeds a sixth preset value, the main controller is further used for controlling the first treatment component to input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component, and the third treatment component inputs liquid carbon dioxide which performs cold-heat exchange with the input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component, so that the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide is reduced to the seventh preset value and then is sprayed to inflammable matters or explosive matters.
When the second instant concentration exceeds a sixth preset value, the ambient temperature is not high, the generated combustible gas is in a controllable range, although the fact that open fire or negative fire appears in the shelter possibly exists is indicated, the damage degree is in the controllable range, at the moment, liquid carbon dioxide is sprayed to inflammable or explosive substances, the liquid carbon dioxide is quickly gasified to become gaseous carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide is heavier than air, and a barrier is formed between the inflammable or explosive substances and oxygen in the sinking process, so that the aim of reducing the contact between the inflammable or explosive substances and the oxygen is fulfilled, the carbon dioxide is flame-retardant gas, the further spreading effect of fire is obvious, meanwhile, the carbon dioxide is quickly fused into the air, the oxygen concentration in the air is also reduced, the gasification of the liquid carbon dioxide is also an endothermic process, the ambient temperature is effectively reduced, the effect of preventing and preventing the fire is added, and the effect of further cooling the liquefied carbon dioxide is also added.
Further, the master controller is also used for spraying liquid nitrogen or nitrogen after heat exchange with the liquid carbon dioxide to inflammables or explosives.
Further, the liquid nitrogen and the water which are input into the cold-heat exchange component are in indirect contact cold-heat exchange with each other.
Further, the combustible gas includes, but is not limited to, one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and combustible VOC gases.
Further, the water output by the second sensing unit is derived from municipal water.
Further, the third sensing unit is further used for detecting the instant water temperature in the heat preservation water tank, and when the first instant concentration exceeds the first preset value, the second instant concentration exceeds the second preset value, the instant temperature value exceeds the third preset value and the instant water temperature is between 0 ℃ and 5 ℃, the main controller is used for preferentially controlling the second treatment assembly to spray the water in the heat preservation water tank to inflammable matters or explosive matters.
The water in the heat preservation water tank cooled to 0-5 ℃ is preferably selected for fire extinguishment, so that obvious energy-saving effect is achieved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A multi-phase fire handling system in an energy storage shelter, comprising: a heat exchange assembly;
the first sensing unit is used for detecting the first instant concentration of the combustible gas in the shelter;
the second sensing unit is used for detecting a second instant concentration of smoke in the shelter;
the third sensing unit is used for detecting an instant temperature value in the shelter;
the first treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component;
the second treatment component is connected with the cold-heat exchange component;
the main controller is controlled and connected with the first treatment component and the second treatment component, and is used for controlling the first treatment component to input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component when the first instant concentration exceeds a first preset value, the second instant concentration exceeds a second preset value and the instant temperature value exceeds a third preset value, inputting water which exchanges cold and heat with the liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component by the second treatment component, reducing the water temperature to between 0 and 5 ℃, and then spraying the cooled water to inflammables or explosive substances;
the main controller is also used for controlling liquid nitrogen or nitrogen to spray inflammable or explosive substances after cold and heat exchange is carried out between the main controller and water;
the main controller is also used for controlling the first treatment component to output liquid nitrogen and perform heat exchange with water in the heat preservation water tank when the first instant concentration exceeds a fourth preset value so that the output liquid nitrogen or nitrogen is sprayed to inflammables or explosives after the temperature of the liquid nitrogen or nitrogen is higher than a fifth preset value;
the main controller is also used for controlling the third treatment component to spray the liquid carbon dioxide to inflammable or explosive substances when the second instant concentration exceeds a sixth preset value;
the main controller is also used for controlling the first disposal component to input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component when the second instant concentration exceeds a sixth preset value, and the third disposal component inputs liquid carbon dioxide which performs cold-heat exchange between the liquid carbon dioxide and the input liquid nitrogen into the cold-heat exchange component so as to reduce the temperature of the liquid carbon dioxide to the seventh preset value and then spray the liquid carbon dioxide to inflammables or explosive substances;
the main controller is also used for spraying liquid nitrogen or nitrogen after heat exchange with the liquid carbon dioxide to inflammables or explosive substances.
2. The multi-phase fire disposal system in an energy storage shelter of claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen and water fed into the cold-heat exchange assembly are in indirect contact cold-heat exchange with each other.
3. The energy storage shelter internal multi-phase fire treatment system of claim 1, in which the combustible gas comprises but is not limited to one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and combustible VOC gases.
4. The multi-phase fire management system in an energy storage shelter of claim 1, wherein the water output by the second sensing unit is derived from municipal water.
5. The multi-phase fire disposal system in the energy storage shelter of claim 1, wherein the third sensing unit is further configured to detect an instantaneous water temperature in the heat preservation water tank, and the main controller is configured to preferentially control the second disposal assembly to spray water in the heat preservation water tank toward the inflammable or explosive substances when the first instantaneous concentration exceeds the first preset value, the second instantaneous concentration exceeds the second preset value, the instantaneous temperature exceeds the third preset value, and the instantaneous water temperature is between 0 ℃ and 5 ℃.
CN202210715310.6A 2022-06-23 2022-06-23 Multi-phase fire disaster treatment system in energy storage shelter Active CN115228013B (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103016951A (en) * 2012-11-26 2013-04-03 上海裕达实业公司 Residual liquid emptier
CN106693237A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-05-24 山东宏达科技集团有限公司 Snow hail generating and injecting device
CN207018022U (en) * 2017-07-19 2018-02-16 贵州工程应用技术学院 A kind of colliery fireproof fire-extinguishing equipment
CN207755664U (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-08-24 三一汽车制造有限公司 A kind of Special fire fighting vehicle
CN111821615A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-27 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 Fire extinguishing and cooling system of prefabricated cabin type electrochemical energy storage station based on liquid nitrogen
CN112043993A (en) * 2020-08-31 2020-12-08 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 Energy storage battery compartment fire-fighting system and fire-fighting method thereof
WO2022060845A1 (en) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-24 Amphenol Thermometrics, Inc. Thermal runaway detection systems for batteries within enclosures and methods of use thereof

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103016951A (en) * 2012-11-26 2013-04-03 上海裕达实业公司 Residual liquid emptier
CN106693237A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-05-24 山东宏达科技集团有限公司 Snow hail generating and injecting device
CN207018022U (en) * 2017-07-19 2018-02-16 贵州工程应用技术学院 A kind of colliery fireproof fire-extinguishing equipment
CN207755664U (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-08-24 三一汽车制造有限公司 A kind of Special fire fighting vehicle
CN111821615A (en) * 2020-07-10 2020-10-27 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 Fire extinguishing and cooling system of prefabricated cabin type electrochemical energy storage station based on liquid nitrogen
CN112043993A (en) * 2020-08-31 2020-12-08 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 Energy storage battery compartment fire-fighting system and fire-fighting method thereof
WO2022060845A1 (en) * 2020-09-15 2022-03-24 Amphenol Thermometrics, Inc. Thermal runaway detection systems for batteries within enclosures and methods of use thereof

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