CN115224398A - Thermal management system of energy storage device for electric locomotive and control method thereof - Google Patents

Thermal management system of energy storage device for electric locomotive and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN115224398A
CN115224398A CN202210728263.9A CN202210728263A CN115224398A CN 115224398 A CN115224398 A CN 115224398A CN 202210728263 A CN202210728263 A CN 202210728263A CN 115224398 A CN115224398 A CN 115224398A
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container
storage device
energy storage
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heat
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张翮辉
邓畅
常春平
左青松
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Huachuang Ruineng New Energy Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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Xiangtan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a heat management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive, which comprises a main container (1), a first sub-container (2) and a second sub-container (3), wherein heat insulation cotton (4) covers the surface of each container, which is in contact with the external environment, an energy storage device (5), a heat exchanger (6) and a temperature sensor (8) which are respectively and electrically connected with a controller (9) are arranged in the main container (1), the heat exchanger (6) is communicated with a cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7) through a pipeline, the main container (1) is filled with insulating heat conduction oil which can immerse the energy storage device (5), the heat exchanger (6) and the temperature sensor (8), and first and second solid-liquid phase change materials are respectively filled in the first sub-container (2) and the second sub-container (3); the invention also provides a control method of the system, and the controller (9) measures the temperature T of the insulated heat-conducting oil in real time through the temperature sensor (8) and controls the work of the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7). The system and the control method fully utilize the electric energy of the power grid to store heat or cold in advance, the electric energy utilization rate is high, the operation is stable, and the volume and the cost of the energy storage device can be saved.

Description

Thermal management system of energy storage device for electric locomotive and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric locomotives, in particular to a thermal management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive and a control method thereof.
Background
Electric locomotives such as subways and motor vehicles are widely applied to the field of rail transit, and electric energy is usually obtained from a power grid through a pantograph in the operation process of the electric locomotives. However, when the electric locomotive passes through some bridges, tunnels, power connection sections of different power grids, and power grid power failure and other emergency situations, the electric locomotive cannot obtain electric energy from the power grid due to objective condition limitation, and only can obtain electric energy from an energy storage device carried by the electric locomotive to supply the electric locomotive to operate for a period of time.
Currently, the energy storage device for the electric locomotive is generally a lithium ion battery or a combination of the lithium ion battery and a super capacitor. These energy storage devices need to work in a proper temperature range, and the energy storage devices themselves can release certain heat during the working process, and the environment temperature of the electric locomotive is variable during the running process, and even the electric locomotive experiences severe cold and hot summer in the same day, so that the energy storage devices need to be thermally managed by using heat regulation equipment such as an air conditioner. Taking the lithium ion battery as an example, the suitable temperature in the working process is between 10 ℃ and 40 ℃.
In the prior art, the energy storage device is usually thermally managed by air cooling, liquid cooling and other methods, a part of energy of the energy storage device during discharging is provided for an object served by the energy storage device, and the other part of energy is used for self thermal management energy consumption. Taking a pure electric vehicle belonging to the field of transportation as an example, the battery pack continuously discharges in the driving process, and the released electric energy is used for driving the vehicle to work on one hand and driving the vehicle-mounted air conditioner to carry out heat management on the vehicle-mounted air conditioner on the other hand. However, unlike the pure electric vehicle, the energy storage device of the electric locomotive does not need to be discharged to the outside in most of the time, and the discharge of the energy storage device is only relied when the electric locomotive cannot get electricity from the power grid. Therefore, there is a need to optimize a thermal management system of an energy storage device of an electric locomotive and a control method thereof according to the working characteristics of the electric locomotive: when the electric locomotive gets electricity from the power grid, the electric energy of the power grid is fully utilized to pre-store heat or cold for the thermal management system as much as possible; when the energy storage device needs to discharge outwards, the pre-stored heat and cold are utilized as much as possible to carry out heat management, the power consumption of the heat management system is reduced, and the electric energy of the energy storage device is used for the operation of the locomotive as much as possible. The energy storage device can meet the operation requirement of the locomotive with less capacity, so that the volume, the weight and the cost of the energy storage device are saved, the electric energy conversion times are reduced, the electric energy utilization rate is improved, and the cycle life of the energy storage device is prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a thermal management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive and a control method thereof, wherein the thermal management system has the advantages of simple and compact structure, high and stable operation, simple logic of the corresponding control method, good adaptability and convenient and flexible adjustment, is beneficial to improving the electric energy utilization rate and the cycle life of the energy storage device, and saves the volume, the weight and the cost of the energy storage device.
According to one aspect of the invention, a heat management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive is provided, which comprises a main container, a first sub container and a second sub container, wherein the first sub container and the second sub container are respectively provided with a common wall surface with the main container so as to realize heat exchange between the substances in the first sub container and the second sub container and the substances in the main container, and the surfaces of the main container, the first sub container and the second sub container, which are in contact with the external environment, are covered with heat insulation cotton; the energy storage device, the heat exchanger and the temperature sensor are arranged in the main container, the heat exchanger is communicated with a cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner arranged outside the main container through a pipeline, and the temperature sensor and the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner are both electrically connected with a controller arranged outside the main container; the main container is filled with insulating heat conduction oil, and the energy storage device, the heat exchanger and the temperature sensor are immersed in the insulating heat conduction oil; the first sub-container is filled with a first solid-liquid phase-change material, the second sub-container is filled with a second solid-liquid phase-change material, and the melting points of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the second solid-liquid phase-change material are a and b respectively, wherein a is between 15 ℃ and 17 ℃, and b is between 35 ℃ and 37 ℃.
According to the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, the energy storage device is any one of two forms of a lithium ion battery pack and a combination of the lithium ion battery pack and a super capacitor.
According to the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, the effective volumes of the first sub-container and the second sub-container are 30% -50% of the effective volume of the main container.
According to the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, the common wall surfaces of the first sub-container, the second sub-container and the main container are both of the rugged zigzag structure, so that heat exchange areas as large as possible are formed among the first sub-container, the second sub-container and the main container, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the common wall surface of the first sub-container, the second sub-container and the main container is made of aluminum or copper.
In the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, the volume of the insulating heat conduction oil filled in the main container is 90-95% of the effective volume of the main container; when the first solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the first solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the first sub-container is 90-95% of the effective volume of the first sub-container; when the second solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the second solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the second sub-container is 90% to 95% of the effective volume of the second sub-container.
According to the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, when the locomotive gets electricity from a power grid in the operation process of the locomotive, the cold and hot air conditioner obtains electric energy through the power grid to operate; when the locomotive does not get electricity from the power grid, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner obtains electric energy through the energy storage device to supply the locomotive to operate.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control method for a thermal management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive, during operation of the locomotive, a controller measures the temperature T of the insulated heat conducting oil in real time through a temperature sensor and controls the operation of a cold and hot air conditioner:
(i) If T<T min Enabling the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner to be in a heating mode, and releasing heat to the insulated heat conducting oil through the heat exchanger;
(ii) If T>T max Enabling the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner to be in a refrigeration mode, and absorbing heat to the insulating heat conduction oil through the heat exchanger;
(iii) If T min ≤T≤T max If so, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner does not work;
t is the temperature measurement value of the insulated heat conduction oil, T min And T max Respectively a temperature control lower limit value and a temperature control upper limit value;
when the energy storage device supplies power to the locomotive, the temperature is controlled to be lower limit value T min Is taken as T min = a- Δ T, upper limit value of temperature control T max Is taken as T max = b + Δ T; when the energy storage device does not supply power to the locomotive, the lower limit value T of the temperature control min Is taken as T min = a + Δ T, upper limit value T of temperature control max Is taken as T max = b- Δ T; a and b are respectively the melting points of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the second solid-liquid phase-change material, and delta T is between 1 and 3 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention fully utilizes the property of phase change material with larger phase change latent heat, and can absorb or release larger heat near the melting point of the phase change material, thereby playing a role in cold storage or heat storage. When the electric locomotive gets electricity from the power grid, the electric energy of the power grid is fully utilized to pre-store heat or cold for the thermal management system as much as possible; when the energy storage device needs to discharge outwards, the pre-stored heat and cold are utilized as much as possible to carry out heat management, the power consumption of the heat management system is reduced, and the electric energy of the energy storage device is used for the operation of the locomotive as much as possible. The energy storage device can meet the operation requirement of the locomotive with less capacity, so that the volume, the weight and the cost of the energy storage device are saved, the electric energy conversion times are reduced, the electric energy utilization rate is improved, and the cycle life of the energy storage device is prolonged.
Specifically, a first solid-liquid phase-change material and a second solid-liquid phase-change material with melting points a and b are selected, wherein a is significantly smaller than b, and a working temperature range which is suitable for the energy storage device is just between a and b.
When the energy storage device does not supply power to the locomotive, namely the locomotive gets power from the power grid, the electric energy of the power grid is fully utilized at the momentTo store cold or heat, the lower limit value T of temperature control in the control method min Slightly higher than the melting point of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the upper limit value T of temperature control max The melting point of the second solid-liquid phase-change material is slightly lower, so that the first solid-liquid phase-change material is maintained to be a liquid state for storing heat, and the second solid-liquid phase-change material is maintained to be a solid state for storing cold.
When the energy storage device supplies power to the locomotive, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the energy storage device for thermal management as much as possible, the control method appropriately expands the range between the upper limit and the lower limit of the temperature control, so that the lower limit T of the temperature control min Slightly lower than the melting point of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the upper limit value T of temperature control max Slightly above the melting point of the second solid-liquid phase-change material.
When the locomotive is switched from a power-taking state of a power grid to a power-taking state of an energy storage device, if the energy storage device has a temperature reduction trend due to factors such as low temperature of the external environment and the like, the temperature of the first solid-liquid phase-change material is reduced to be solidified after the temperature is reduced to a certain degree, heat is released to the energy storage device through the insulating heat conduction oil so as to slow down the temperature reduction trend, and the heating work of the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner is started only when the first solid-liquid phase-change material is completely solidified and the temperature of the insulating heat conduction oil is reduced to be lower than a-delta T; if the energy storage device has a trend of temperature rise, the temperature of the second solid-liquid phase change material rises to be molten after the temperature rises to a certain degree, the heat is absorbed from the energy storage device through the insulating heat conduction oil, so that the trend of temperature rise is relieved, and the refrigeration work of the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner is started only when the second solid-liquid phase change material is completely molten and the temperature of the insulating heat conduction oil rises to be higher than b + delta T.
Therefore, the heat management system and the control method thereof can reduce the power consumption of the energy storage device for self heat management as much as possible, and the energy storage device can meet the requirements of the electric locomotive with smaller capacity; meanwhile, the power consumption of the energy storage device in heat management is directly from the power grid as much as possible instead of the self-energy storage device in advance from the charging of the power grid, so that an electric energy storage link is reduced, and the improvement of the electric energy utilization efficiency and the cycle life of the energy storage device are facilitated. In addition, the heat management system does not contain power parts except a cold and hot air conditioner, does not have a complex pipeline valve, has simple control logic, can adapt to various cold and hot alternate climatic conditions in the running process of the electric locomotive, and ensures that the energy storage device is kept in a proper temperature range, so the heat management system has simple and compact structure, high and stable running efficiency, simple logic of a corresponding control method, good adaptability and convenient and flexible adjustment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive in an embodiment of the present invention, in which fig. 1 is a main container, 2 is a first sub-container, 3 is a second sub-container, 4 is heat preservation cotton, 5 is an energy storage device, 6 is a heat exchanger, 7 is a cold and hot air conditioner, 8 is a temperature sensor, and 9 is a controller.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a thermal management system for an energy storage device for an electric locomotive comprises a main container 1, a first sub container 2 and a second sub container 3, wherein the first sub container 2 and the second sub container 3 both have a common wall surface with the main container 1 to realize heat exchange between substances inside the main container and the substances inside the main container, and the surfaces of the main container 1, the first sub container 2 and the second sub container 3, which are in contact with the external environment, are covered with insulation cotton 4; an energy storage device 5, a heat exchanger 6 and a temperature sensor 8 are arranged in the main container 1, the heat exchanger 6 is communicated with a cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 arranged outside the main container 1 through a pipeline, and the temperature sensor 8 and the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 are both electrically connected with a controller 9 arranged outside the main container 1; insulating heat conduction oil is filled in the main container 1, and the energy storage device 5, the heat exchanger 6 and the temperature sensor 8 are immersed in the insulating heat conduction oil; the first sub-container 2 is filled with a first solid-liquid phase-change material, the second sub-container 3 is filled with a second solid-liquid phase-change material, and the melting points of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the second solid-liquid phase-change material are a and b respectively, wherein a is between 15 ℃ and 17 ℃, and b is between 35 ℃ and 37 ℃.
In the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, the energy storage device 5 is any one of two forms of a lithium ion battery pack and a combination of the lithium ion battery pack and a super capacitor.
According to the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, the effective volumes of the first sub-container 2 and the second sub-container 3 are 30% to 50% of the effective volume of the main container 1.
Above-mentioned heat management system of energy memory for electric locomotive, the common wall that first sub-container 2 and second sub-container 3 and main container 1 have is unevenness's sawtooth structure to all have heat transfer area as far as possible between messenger's first sub-container and second sub-container and the main container, help promoting heat exchange efficiency.
Preferably, the common wall surface of the first sub-tank 2 and the second sub-tank 3 and the main tank 1 is made of aluminum or copper.
In the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, the volume of the insulating heat conduction oil filled in the main container 1 is 90-95% of the effective volume of the main container 1; when the first solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the first solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the first sub-container 2 is 90 to 95 percent of the effective volume of the first sub-container 2; when the second solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the second solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the second sub-tank 3 is 90% to 95% of the effective volume of the second sub-tank 3.
According to the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive, when the locomotive gets electricity from a power grid in the operation process of the locomotive, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 obtains electric energy through the power grid to operate; when the locomotive does not take electricity from the power grid, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 obtains electric energy through the energy storage device 5 to operate.
The control method applied to the heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive is characterized in that during the running of the locomotive, the controller 9 measures the temperature T of the insulated heat conducting oil in real time through the temperature sensor 8 and controls the cold and hot air conditioner 7 to work:
(i) If T<T min The cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 is in a heating mode, and heat is released to the insulating heat conduction oil through the heat exchanger 6;
(ii) If T>T max The cold and hot air conditioner 7 is in a refrigeration mode, and heat is conducted to the insulated heat conduction oil through the heat exchanger 6Absorbing heat;
(iii) If T min ≤T≤T max If so, the cold and hot air conditioner 7 does not work;
t is the temperature measurement value of the insulated heat conduction oil, T min And T max Respectively a temperature control lower limit value and a temperature control upper limit value;
when the energy storage device 5 supplies power to the locomotive, the lower limit value T of the temperature control min Is taken as T min = a- Δ T, upper limit value of temperature control T max Is taken as T max = b + Δ T; when the energy storage device 5 does not supply power to the locomotive, the lower limit value T of the temperature control min Is taken as T min = a + Δ T, upper limit value T of temperature control max Is taken as T max = b- Δ T; a and b are respectively the melting points of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the second solid-liquid phase-change material, and delta T is between 1 and 3 ℃.
Examples
The driving route of a certain motor vehicle spans tropical, temperate and cold zones, the energy storage device 5 is a lithium iron phosphate lithium ion battery pack positioned at the bottom of the carriage floor, and a schematic diagram of a thermal management system is shown in figure 1. The first sub-container 2 is filled with a first solid-liquid phase-change material with the melting point of a =16.7 ℃, and the first solid-liquid phase-change material is paraffin with 16 carbon atoms; the second sub-tank 3 is filled with a second solid-liquid phase-change material having a melting point b =36.7 ℃, and is paraffin having a carbon number of 20. The effective volume of first sub-container 2 and second sub-container 3 is 40% of main container 1 effective volume, and the common wall that first sub-container 2 and second sub-container 3 and main container 1 have is copper and makes and be unevenness's sawtooth structure to all have heat transfer area as far as possible and help promoting heat exchange efficiency between messenger's first sub-container and second sub-container and the main container.
Considering the thermal expansion and cold contraction properties of the object, the volume of the insulating heat conduction oil filled in the main container 1 is 90% of the effective volume of the main container 1; when the first solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the first solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the first sub-tank 2 is 90% of the effective volume of the first sub-tank 2; when the second solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the second solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the second sub-tank 3 is 90% of the effective volume of the second sub-tank 3.
In the embodiment, the delta T is 2 ℃, and when the energy storage device 5 supplies power to the locomotive, the temperature controls the lower limit value T min = a- Δ T =14.7 ℃, upper limit value T of temperature control max Is taken as T max = b + Δ T =38.7 ℃; when the energy storage device 5 does not supply power to the locomotive, the temperature control lower limit value T min Is taken as T min = a + Δ T =18.7 ℃, upper limit value T of temperature control max Is taken as T max ＝b-ΔT＝34.7℃。
Under most conditions of the running process of the electric locomotive, the energy storage device 5 does not supply power to the locomotive, namely the electric locomotive gets power from a power grid, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 can be switched among three modes of heating, refrigerating and non-working, so that the temperature of the insulating heat conduction oil in the main container 1 is maintained between 18.7 ℃ and 34.7 ℃, and correspondingly, the first solid-liquid phase change material filled in the first sub-container 2 is maintained in a liquid state, and the second solid-liquid phase change material filled in the second sub-container 3 is maintained in a solid state.
Some sections of the electric locomotive running process require the energy storage device 5 to supply power to the locomotive, and these sections cover the tropical, warm and cold zones. When the energy storage device 5 supplies power to the locomotive, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 can be switched among three modes of heating, refrigerating and non-working, but the temperature allowable range of the insulating heat conducting oil in the main container 1 is expanded to be between 14.7 ℃ and 38.7 ℃; the air conditioner 7 for both cooling and heating performs heating or cooling only when the temperature of the insulating heat transfer oil is lower than 14.7 ℃ or higher than 38.7 ℃. In most cases, the temperature of the insulating thermal oil is maintained by means of the release of the heat energy stored in advance by the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the cold energy stored in advance by the second solid-liquid phase-change material. For example, when the electric locomotive runs in a tropical or temperate zone, and the energy storage device 5 supplies power to the locomotive and has a temperature rising trend, when the temperature rises to be above 36.7 ℃, the second solid-liquid phase-change material is melted to absorb heat, so that the temperature rising trend is reduced, and the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner 7 is started to refrigerate only when the temperature rises to be 38.7 ℃ in an extreme case; when the energy storage device 5 supplies power to the locomotive and has a temperature descending trend, the first solid-liquid phase-change material is solidified to release heat when the temperature is reduced to below 16.7 ℃, the temperature descending trend is slowed down, and the cold and hot air conditioner 7 is started to heat only when the temperature is reduced to 14.7 ℃ under an extreme condition.
The embodiment makes full use of the property that the phase-change material has large phase-change latent heat, and can absorb or release large heat near the melting point of the phase-change material, thereby playing a role in cold storage or heat storage. When the electric locomotive gets electricity from the power grid, the electric energy of the power grid is fully utilized to pre-store heat or cold quantity for the heat management system as much as possible; when the energy storage device needs to discharge outwards, the pre-stored heat and cold are utilized as much as possible to carry out heat management, the power consumption of the heat management system is reduced, and the electric energy of the energy storage device is used for the operation of the locomotive as much as possible. The energy storage device can meet the operation requirement of the locomotive with less capacity, so that the volume, the weight and the cost of the energy storage device are saved, the electric energy conversion times are reduced, the electric energy utilization rate is improved, and the cycle life of the energy storage device is prolonged.
Specifically, a first solid-liquid phase-change material and a second solid-liquid phase-change material with melting points a and b are selected, wherein a is significantly smaller than b, and a working temperature range suitable for the energy storage device is just between a and b.
When the energy storage device does not supply power to the locomotive, namely the locomotive gets power from the power grid, the electric energy of the power grid is fully utilized to store cold or heat at the moment, and the temperature control lower limit value T in the control method min Slightly above the melting point of the first solid-liquid phase change material and the upper limit value T of temperature control max Slightly lower than the melting point of the second solid-liquid phase-change material, so that the first solid-liquid phase-change material is maintained in a liquid state for storing heat, and the second solid-liquid phase-change material is maintained in a solid state for storing cold.
When the energy storage device supplies power to the locomotive, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the energy storage device for heat management as much as possible, the control method appropriately expands the range between the upper limit and the lower limit of the temperature control, so that the lower limit T of the temperature control is realized min Slightly lower than the melting point of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the upper limit value T of temperature control max Slightly above the melting point of the second solid-liquid phase-change material.
When a locomotive is switched from a power-taking state of a power grid to a power-taking state of an energy storage device, if the energy storage device has a temperature reduction trend due to factors such as low temperature of the external environment and the like, the temperature of the first solid-liquid phase change material is reduced to a certain degree and solidified, heat is released to the energy storage device through insulating heat conduction oil so as to slow down the temperature reduction trend, and the heating work of the cold-hot dual-purpose air conditioner is started only when the first solid-liquid phase change material is completely solidified and the temperature of the insulating heat conduction oil is reduced to be below a-delta T; if the energy storage device has a trend of temperature rise, the temperature of the second solid-liquid phase change material rises to be molten after the temperature rises to a certain degree, the heat is absorbed from the energy storage device through the insulating heat conduction oil, so that the trend of temperature rise is relieved, and the refrigeration work of the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner is started only when the second solid-liquid phase change material is completely molten and the temperature of the insulating heat conduction oil rises to be higher than b + delta T.
Therefore, the heat management system and the control method thereof can reduce the power consumption of the energy storage device for self heat management as much as possible, and the energy storage device can meet the requirement of the electric locomotive with smaller capacity; meanwhile, the power consumption of the energy storage device is directly sourced from the power grid as much as possible instead of the self-powered energy storage from the power grid in advance, so that an electric energy storage link is reduced, and the improvement of the electric energy utilization efficiency and the cycle life of the energy storage device are facilitated. In addition, the heat management system does not contain power components except for a cold and hot air conditioner, does not have a complex pipeline valve, has simple control logic, can adapt to various cold and hot alternate climatic conditions in the operation process of the electric locomotive, and ensures that the energy storage device is kept in a proper temperature range, so the heat management system has simple and compact structure, high-efficiency and stable operation, simple corresponding control method logic, good adaptability and convenient and flexible adjustment.

Claims (7)

1. The heat management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive is characterized by comprising a main container (1), a first sub container (2) and a second sub container (3), wherein the first sub container (2) and the second sub container (3) have a common wall surface with the main container (1) so as to realize heat exchange between substances in the main container and the substances in the main container, and the surfaces of the main container (1), the first sub container (2) and the second sub container (3) which are in contact with the external environment are covered with heat insulation cotton (4); an energy storage device (5), a heat exchanger (6) and a temperature sensor (8) are arranged in the main container (1), the heat exchanger (6) is communicated with a cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7) arranged outside the main container (1) through a pipeline, and the temperature sensor (8) and the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7) are electrically connected with a controller (9) arranged outside the main container (1); insulating heat conduction oil is filled in the main container (1), and the energy storage device (5), the heat exchanger (6) and the temperature sensor (8) are immersed in the insulating heat conduction oil; the first sub-container (2) is filled with a first solid-liquid phase-change material, the second sub-container (3) is filled with a second solid-liquid phase-change material, and the melting points of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the second solid-liquid phase-change material are a and b respectively, wherein a is between 15 ℃ and 17 ℃, and b is between 35 ℃ and 37 ℃.
2. The thermal management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that said energy storage device (5) is any one of two forms of a lithium ion battery pack and a combination of a lithium ion battery pack and a supercapacitor.
3. The thermal management system for an energy storage device for an electric locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that the effective volume of the first sub-tank (2) and the second sub-tank (3) is 30% to 50% of the effective volume of the main tank (1).
4. The thermal management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive according to claim 1, wherein the common wall surfaces of the first sub-tank (2) and the second sub-tank (3) and the main tank (1) are both of a rugged saw-tooth structure.
5. The thermal management system for the energy storage device for the electric locomotive according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the insulating heat transfer oil filled in the main container (1) is 90% to 95% of the effective volume of the main container (1); when the first solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the first solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the first sub-container (2) is 90-95% of the effective volume of the first sub-container (2); when the second solid-liquid phase-change material is in a liquid state, the volume of the second solid-liquid phase-change material filled in the second sub-container (3) is 90% to 95% of the effective volume of the second sub-container (3).
6. The thermal management system of an energy storage device for an electric locomotive according to claim 1, wherein during operation of the locomotive, when the locomotive takes electricity from the power grid, the cold and hot air conditioner (7) obtains electric energy through the power grid for self-operation; when the locomotive does not take electricity from the power grid, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7) obtains electric energy through the energy storage device (5) to supply the locomotive to run.
7. The control method applied to the thermal management system of the energy storage device for the electric locomotive is characterized in that during operation of the locomotive, the controller (9) measures the temperature T of the insulated heat conducting oil in real time through the temperature sensor (8) and controls the operation of the cold and hot air conditioner (7):
(i) If T<T min Enabling the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7) to be in a heating mode, and releasing heat to the insulated heat conducting oil through the heat exchanger (6);
(ii) If T>T max Enabling the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7) to be in a refrigeration mode, and absorbing heat to the insulating heat conduction oil through the heat exchanger (6);
(iii) If T min ≤T≤T max If so, the cold and hot dual-purpose air conditioner (7) does not work;
t is the temperature measurement value of the insulated heat conduction oil, T min And T max Respectively a temperature control lower limit value and a temperature control upper limit value;
when the energy storage device (5) supplies power to the locomotive, the temperature controls the lower limit value T min Is taken as T min = a- Δ T, upper limit value of temperature control T max Is taken as T max = b + Δ T; when the energy storage device (5) does not supply power to the locomotive, the lower limit value T of the temperature control min Is taken as T min = a + Δ T, upper limit value T of temperature control max Is taken as T max = b- Δ T; a and b are respectively the melting points of the first solid-liquid phase-change material and the second solid-liquid phase-change material, and delta T is between 1 and 3 ℃.
CN202210728263.9A 2022-06-24 2022-06-24 Thermal management system of energy storage device for electric locomotive and control method thereof Pending CN115224398A (en)

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