CN115219999B - Broadband low-stray shell simulation system - Google Patents
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband low-stray shell simulation system which comprises a host, a control terminal and an antenna. The system has the functions of simulating the projectile trajectory and constructing the electromagnetic interference signal environment. The method solves the problem that the existing electromagnetic interference signal environment function and shell simulation function can not be integrally realized; the problem that the broadband spurious level is difficult to reach 60dBc in the prior art is solved; the problem that interference bandwidth indexes in most of the existing schemes can only be 1GHz is solved; the problem that most of the bandwidth of the adaptive signals of the existing most schemes can only be 1GHz is solved; a projectile trajectory simulation function realized by a simple method; the equipment has rich interference patterns, and can simulate various ground and low-altitude moving targets and air projectile targets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of projectile trajectory simulation and interference, and particularly relates to a broadband low-stray projectile simulation system.
Background
With the development and progress of technology, the artillery army is equipped with a large number of gun position reconnaissance school shooting radars, and the performance is excellent, but the embarrassing situation that the system training can be performed only under the condition of firing practice is faced at present, and the training cost is high. Therefore, the 'projectile trajectory simulation training equipment' needs to be developed, the training of the gun position reconnaissance shooting radar operator under the condition of non-firing is guaranteed through simulated ballistic target echo signals, the training cost is effectively reduced, and the dilemma that the gun position reconnaissance shooting radar can only perform full system training during live action practice at present is solved. In addition, the detection and calibration radar has a lack of training means aiming at a complex electromagnetic environment, and can not guarantee subject training of anti-interference measures such as frequency hopping, antenna turning, electromagnetic silence and the like of a radar operator, so that an electromagnetic interference signal environment comprising noise interference, deception interference and combined interference is necessarily constructed on the basis of shell trajectory simulation training equipment, the capability of the radar operator for identifying a target in the electromagnetic interference environment is trained, and the skill of an operator for applying the radar anti-interference measures is improved.
The prior art scheme realizes the projectile trajectory simulation function and the electromagnetic interference signal environment construction function through two main machines, and has the advantages of larger equipment volume and heavier weight; the spurious of the target analog signal is difficult to reach 60dBc; the interference bandwidth is mostly only 1GHz; the bandwidth of the adaptive signal is mostly only 1GHz; the projectile trajectory simulation function is complex in hardware and implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a broadband low-stray shell simulation system which is used for solving the technical problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a broadband low-spurious projectile simulation system, comprising:
the host computer is used for generating targets and interference signals required by the test;
the control terminal adopts man-machine interface interaction, sets target and interference signal parameters required by the test, and transmits the parameters to the host through a network to remotely control the host;
the antenna is used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals in different wave bands; the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged on an antenna, wherein the heights of the antenna elements are adjusted through lifting rods, and targets with different angles are simulated and generated.
Further, the host includes: the device comprises a main control unit, a signal generation unit, a microwave frequency conversion unit, a transceiver power amplification unit, a single bit unit and a power supply unit;
the main control unit analyzes parameters and control instructions issued by the control terminal and sends the parameters and the control instructions to the signal generation unit; the signal generating unit generates radar radio frequency target echo simulation and radar interference signals required by the test according to the target signal parameters output by the main control unit; the microwave frequency conversion unit realizes up-down frequency conversion of 2-18GHz signals and provides digital processing clock signals for the signal generation unit and the main control unit; the receiving and transmitting power amplification unit receives, filters and amplifies the 2-18GHz radio frequency signal, and transmits the radio frequency signal output by the microwave frequency conversion unit to the antenna after power amplification; the single bit unit is used for quick frequency measurement and quick frequency guidance; the power supply unit provides electric energy for the main control unit, the signal generation unit, the microwave frequency conversion unit, the transceiver power amplification unit and the single-bit unit.
Further, the signal generating unit comprises a target signal generating module and an interference signal generating module;
the target signal generation module comprises a digital frequency storage module, a technology generator, a digital mixing module and a clock distribution network; the clock distribution network adopts a high-speed AD chip to collect intermediate frequency radar signals which are subjected to microwave down-conversion, and controls the digital frequency storage module and the digital frequency mixing module through a technology generator, so that the required intermediate frequency signals with Doppler modulation information are generated, converted into target analog signals through a DA chip, and sent to a microwave frequency conversion unit for up-conversion.
Further, the interference signal generation module comprises a spoofing interference generation module and a suppression interference generation module;
the deception jamming generation module generates various deception jamming signals required by the test according to the jamming pattern and the jamming parameters output by the main control unit; the suppression interference generation module controls the DDS to generate various noise interference signals according to the set interference pattern, the interference parameters and the frequency guide information provided by the single bit unit.
Further, the microwave frequency conversion unit comprises a radio frequency receiving module, a radio frequency modulation module and a frequency combining module;
the radio frequency receiving module is used for receiving radio frequency signals of the tested radar to realize amplitude limiting, attenuation, amplification and stable receiving of the radar radio frequency signals; the radio frequency modulation module is used for carrying out up-conversion, filtering and channel selection on intermediate frequency signals of the target and interference signals generated by the signal generation unit, and then sending the signals to the transceiver amplification unit for power amplification and then radiating the signals through the antenna; the frequency combining module provides local oscillation signals required by frequency conversion for the radio frequency receiving module and the radio frequency modulating module, and provides clock reference signals required for signal generation, so that the clocks of the whole machine are unified.
Further, the radio frequency receiving module comprises a limiter, an adjustable attenuator, a band-pass filter, a variable frequency network and an amplifying circuit;
the limiter has the anti-burnout protection effect on the amplitude limiting of external large signals and the subsequent-stage circuit; the adjustable attenuator is used for adjusting signal power, so that large dynamic receiving is realized; filtering the external non-radar signals by a band-pass filter; the variable frequency network mainly completes the frequency shifting function of signals; the amplifying circuit ensures the signal power before and after mixing.
Further, the radio frequency modulation module comprises a variable frequency network, a filter, a switch selection network and a numerical control attenuator;
the digital control attenuator is adopted to realize output dynamic, the frequency conversion network, the filter and the switch selection network are used for carrying out up-conversion, filtering and channel selection on the intermediate frequency signals of the target and interference signals generated by the signal generating unit, and then the intermediate frequency signals are sent to the receiving and transmitting power amplifying unit for power amplification and then radiated through the antenna.
Further, the frequency matching module comprises a crystal oscillator, a PDRO, a PLL, a power divider, an amplifier, a filter and a control circuit;
generating a reference clock through a crystal oscillator, generating a high-frequency clock signal through a PDRO and a PLL, transmitting the high-frequency clock signal to a power divider to generate a plurality of required local oscillation signals, and outputting the local oscillation signals through an amplifying and filtering circuit; the control circuit is responsible for its internal control.
Further, the antenna comprises an S-band antenna array, a C/X-band antenna array and a Ku-band antenna array, and the host can realize target and interference training of the artillery radar with different bands by being provided with different antennas.
Further, the system also comprises matched accessories, wherein the matched accessories comprise a pallet and a communication cable, and the system is powered by direct current and/or alternating current.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method has the functions of projectile trajectory simulation and electromagnetic interference signal environment construction, and solves the problem that the existing electromagnetic interference signal environment construction function and projectile simulation function cannot be realized in an integrated mode. The target simulation is mainly divided into four dimensions of distance, angle, power, doppler and the like for respectively modulating and demodulating.
The distance delay is designed into a hardware DLVA circuit, the circuit is timely, stable and reliable in response, the overall delay is only about 30ns, the initial error is extremely small, a high-precision time reference is provided for subsequent distance calculation, the distance delay calculation is realized by using an FPGA (field programmable gate array), the FPGA adopts a 300MHz clock, the calculation time of each time is as short as 3.333ns, and the high-precision continuous stable distance change can be realized.
The angle simulation is flexible and stable, the antenna array adopts a fixed-interval integrated design, the distance between each antenna is fixed at the beginning of the design, a stable and high-precision realization basis is provided for the angle change, and the inaccuracy of the angle simulation caused by different personnel assembly is avoided. The system can carry out parameter adjustment according to actual erection conditions and radar conditions when parameters are set, pre-calculates antenna array code words required by each track, switches the antenna array by radar echo pulses through a hardware circuit, and can simulate a false target movement mode according to set angles and tracks in any scene.
The power simulation is stable and reliable, the power pre-calculation is carried out on the target, and the fluctuation of the power is realized through the control of the digital attenuation. The digital control attenuation is essentially switching, is little affected by temperature, vibration and the like, is stable in high-speed switching modulation, and cannot cause output power change due to program change or communication speed problem; the system can calibrate the hardware circuit, select the most proper power code word, and ensure the accuracy and stability of the power.
The Doppler change in the system is realized by adopting an independent Doppler channel, the independent Doppler signal can generate more accurate frequency offset information, and the Doppler can reach 1Hz precision according to the system design. The independent Doppler channel is overlapped with the radar echo signals in a hardware mixing mode, can be flexibly changed pulse by pulse, accurately simulates the signal speed information of each radar echo, and is not influenced by external signals and other factors.
2. The interference pattern uses a fully-open adjustable parameter interface, has patterns of deception, noise, combination and the like, can modulate interference detailed parameters of deception, noise and the like, and can set parameters of deception interference parameters including the number, position, speed, power, interval, doppler interference, pulse slicing and the like of interference decoys; the settable noise parameters comprise frequency, bandwidth, power, sweep frequency period, residence time and other information; the shell analog signal and the interference signal can be simultaneously generated in the test training field, a flexible interference pattern is provided for the countermeasure training of the army, and quantitative cognition is provided for the performance state of the equipment.
3. The spurious suppression ratio of the target signal in the ultra-wide band can reach 60dBc; meanwhile, the interference bandwidth can reach 2GHz; various ground, low-altitude moving targets and air projectile targets can be simulated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a broadband low-spurious projectile simulation system;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a host;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a signal generating unit;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a target signal generation circuit;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a suppression interference generation module;
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of a master control unit control calculation module;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a digital receiver set;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna erection scenario;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an S-band antenna array;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a C/X band antenna array;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a Ku-band antenna array;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a host DC power scenario;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a host AC power scenario;
fig. 14 is a functional block diagram of a receive channel circuit;
FIG. 15 is a schematic block diagram of a transmit channel circuit;
fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a projectile simulation function.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the invention more clear and clear, but should not be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and nature of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise indicated.
As shown in FIG. 1, a broadband low-spurious projectile simulation system comprises a host, a control terminal, an antenna and matched accessories. The host is used for generating targets and interference signals required by the test; the control terminal adopts man-machine interface interaction, sets target and interference signal parameters required by the test, and transmits the parameters to the host through a network to remotely control the host; the antenna is used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals in different wave bands and comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged on the antenna, the height of the antenna elements is adjusted through the lifting rod, and targets with different angles are simulated and generated; the matched accessory is accessory equipment of the whole projectile trajectory simulation and interference integrated electronic countermeasure equipment, and mainly comprises a power supply data cable and a carrying packaging box.
As shown in fig. 2, the host includes a main control unit, a signal generating unit, a microwave frequency conversion unit, a transceiver power amplifier unit, a single bit unit, and a power supply unit.
The main control unit is a domestic SoC processing board based on an ARM Cortex-A9 kernel processor and an FPGA structure, the domestic processing board is provided with a dual-core Cortex-A9 processor, and the FPGA structure is provided with a 1.3M programmable logic gate array. The core module of the main control unit is a control resolving module and mainly comprises level conversion, an interface, parameter resolving, an AXI register set, EDW sorting identification, FIFO buffering, DMA transmission, an ARM controller and the like. The level conversion part realizes the level conversion from the external signal level to the control resolving module; the interface part performs data caching to realize the conversion function of the clock domain and simultaneously provides a reset signal; the parameter resolving part is used for realizing message analysis and parameter calculation of the interference and radiation source; the AXI register group part realizes the parameter configuration of the parameter calculation part by the ARM controller through an AXI bus; the EDW sorting and identifying part realizes parameter filtering and database comparison processing of radar pulse description words and signal sorting; the FIFO buffer part realizes the buffer memory of data and provides buffer memory area for DMA transmission; the DMA transmission part realizes the high-speed transmission of the data inside; the ARM controller part realizes the functions of data storage, message data analysis, interface communication and the like. The control resolving module is shown in fig. 6.
The signal generating unit is mainly composed of a K7 processing board, and its composition is shown in fig. 3. The signal generating unit comprises a target signal generating module and an interference signal generating module, and is used for generating a target echo signal required by a test according to target signal parameters output by the main control unit when the target signal is generated, and realistically simulating the target echo signal by settling the target distance, angle and speed in real time; when the method is used for generating the interference signal, a typical interference pattern can be quickly generated according to the detected signal.
The target signal generating module consists of a digital frequency storage module, a technology generator, a digital frequency mixing module, a clock distribution network, an interface circuit and the like, and has the main functions of acquiring an intermediate frequency radar signal subjected to microwave down-conversion by utilizing a high-speed AD chip, controlling the digital frequency storage module and the digital frequency mixing module by the technology generator so as to generate a required intermediate frequency signal with Doppler modulation information, converting the intermediate frequency signal into a target analog signal by utilizing a DA chip, and transmitting the signal to the microwave frequency conversion unit for up-down conversion. The target signal generation needs to provide a processing clock of 2.2GHz, the frequency range of the input signal is 300-500MHz, and the basic circuit schematic diagram is shown in figure 4.
The interference signal generating module comprises a deception interference generating module and a suppression interference generating module. Specific:
the core of the deception jamming generation module is digital frequency storage, and the deception jamming generation module can generate various deception jamming signals required by experiments according to the jamming pattern and the jamming parameters output by the main control unit when deception jamming is generated, wherein the deception jamming comprises speed dragging jamming, distance (multiple) decoy jamming, dense decoy, responsive speed (Doppler) flickering jamming, distance and speed combination, doppler noise, doppler frequency shift jamming, motion decoy jamming, random decoy jamming and the like.
The generation of the deception jamming signal is to calculate the time delay and Doppler frequency of deception jamming according to the jamming rule under the control of the control circuit, the jamming pattern and the jamming parameter provided by the display control computer, and to simulate the deception jamming signal realistically, a program-controlled attenuator is arranged in the intermediate frequency modulation unit to control the amplitude of the jamming signal in real time.
The suppression interference generation module is mainly used for controlling the DDS to generate various noise interference signals according to the set noise interference pattern, the interference parameters and the frequency guide information provided by the control calculation unit, wherein the noise interference signals comprise aiming noise interference, blocking noise interference, intermittent noise interference, comb noise interference, sweep noise interference and clutter impulse interference. The noise interference generation module mainly comprises a noise modulator, a broadband DDS module, a control interface circuit and the like, and the composition block diagram of the noise interference generation module is shown in fig. 5.
The microwave frequency conversion unit comprises a radio frequency receiving module, a radio frequency modulation module and a frequency combining module, and mainly realizes up-down frequency conversion, and simultaneously provides a digital processing clock signal for the signal generating unit to cover 2-18GHz. Specific:
the radio frequency receiving module mainly receives radio frequency signals of a tested radar to realize amplitude limiting, attenuation, amplification and stable receiving of the radar radio frequency signals, meanwhile, one path of power division of radio frequency input signals is sent to the single-bit unit for quick frequency measurement and guiding, the other path of power division is mixed with the fixed local oscillator to 1.5-2.5GHz, and the power after filtering amplification is divided into two paths: the first path generates detection TTL signals required by a digital frequency storage plate of a signal generating unit through a logarithmic detector, and meanwhile, one path of analog monitoring ports are reserved; the second path and the fast variable local oscillation are mixed to 300-500MHz, filtered and amplified and then sent to the digital frequency storage module to be used as intermediate frequency input for generating target signals or deception interference signals.
In the technical scheme, the radio frequency receiving module mainly comprises an amplitude limiter, an adjustable attenuator, a band-pass filter, a variable frequency network, an amplifying circuit and the like. The limiter mainly completes the anti-burnout protection function of the external large signal limiting and the post-stage circuit; the adjustable attenuator is used for adjusting signal power, so that large dynamic receiving is realized; the band-pass filter mainly filters external non-radar signals; the variable frequency network mainly completes the frequency shifting function of signals; the amplifying circuit ensures the signal power before and after mixing.
The radio frequency modulation module consists of a frequency conversion network, a filter, a switch selection network and a numerical control attenuator, and the numerical control attenuator is adopted to realize output dynamic, mainly performs up-conversion, filtering and channel selection on intermediate frequency signals of targets and interference signals generated by the signal generation unit, and then sends the intermediate frequency signals to the transceiver power amplification unit for power amplification and then radiates the intermediate frequency signals through an antenna.
Spoofing the channel: and mixing the target signal 300-500MHz generated by the signal generating unit to 1.5GHz-2.5GHz through a fixed local oscillator and a 10M stepping slow local oscillator, and mixing to a corresponding frequency band of radio frequency through different fixed local oscillators. According to design requirements, the antenna is divided into an S-band, a C/X-band and a Ku-band, 2.6-3.6G signals are amplified and attenuated singly during up-conversion and then output to an S-band radio frequency output port, 5-6G signals are amplified and attenuated singly and output to a C-band radio frequency output port, 8.5-10.5GHz, 8.97-9.97GHz,9.5-10.5GHz and 10-11GHz are amplified and attenuated uniformly after being switched on and off and then are output to an X-band radio frequency output port, and 15.5-16.5GHz,16.2-17.2GHz and 17-18GHz are amplified and attenuated uniformly after being switched on and then are output to a Ku-band radio frequency output port.
Noise channel: mixing the interference signals 1.15 GHz-2.15 GHz and the fixed local oscillators generated by the signal generating unit to 9-10GHz, then doubling the frequency to 18-20GHz, and finally mixing the interference signals to the corresponding frequency bands of the radio frequency by different local oscillators. According to design requirements, the antenna is divided into an S-band, a C/X-band and a Ku-band, 2.6-3.6G signals are amplified and attenuated independently during up-conversion and then output to an S-band radio frequency output port, 5-6G signals are amplified and attenuated independently and output to a C-band radio frequency output port, 8.5-10.5GHz and 9-11GHz are amplified and attenuated uniformly after being gated by a switch and then are transmitted to an X-band radio frequency output port, and 15.5-17.5GHz, 15.7-17.7GHz and 16-18GHz are amplified and attenuated uniformly after being gated by a switch and then are transmitted to a Ku-band radio frequency output port.
The frequency clamping block comprises a crystal oscillator, a PDRO, a PLL, a power divider, an amplifier, a filter and a control circuit; generating a reference clock through a crystal oscillator, generating a high-frequency clock signal through a PDRO and a PLL, transmitting the high-frequency clock signal to a power divider to generate a plurality of required local oscillation signals, and outputting the local oscillation signals through an amplifying and filtering circuit; the control circuit is mainly responsible for its internal control.
The transceiver power amplifier unit has the receiving capability and the amplifying and transmitting functions. When the device works, the receiving and transmitting switch is controlled by the digital unit to switch in real time, when the device is in a receiving state, an external signal is received, after limiting amplitude, the device is transmitted to the microwave frequency conversion unit through low noise, and when the device is transmitted, a target signal or an interference signal output by the radio frequency modulation unit in a combining way is subjected to power amplification and is transmitted to the tested device through an antenna for radiation. The unit covers 2-18GHz, integrates S-band, C-band, X-band and Ku-band receiving and transmitting power amplification modules, and the receiving and transmitting power amplification modules of all bands are matched with an S-band antenna, a C/X-band antenna and a Ku-band antenna respectively to realize target and interference tests on a artillery radar. Each frequency band transceiver module comprises three radio frequency ports and a power supply control port, wherein the three radio frequency ports are respectively: 1. the received radio frequency signal is sent to a radio frequency port of the microwave frequency conversion unit for down-conversion treatment; 2. a radio frequency port for realizing receiving and transmitting switching by controlling a receiving and transmitting switch through a digital unit is used for connecting corresponding frequency band antennas; 3. and a radio frequency port for receiving the radio frequency signal subjected to up-conversion treatment from the microwave frequency conversion unit and amplifying the radio frequency signal.
The single bit unit receives an externally input radio frequency signal with the bandwidth of 2-18GHz, the radio frequency signal enters the front end of a broadband microwave channel after entering the receiver, the main function of the front end of the broadband microwave channel is to convert the received radio frequency signal with a large dynamic range into a range required by a sampling module of the ultra-high speed sampling processing board, the main function of the ultra-high speed sampling processing board is to realize the direct sampling of the radio frequency signal, the rapid real-time measurement of the signal is finished by means of a high-efficiency rapid digital signal processing algorithm and a high-speed real-time signal processing hardware platform, and related information such as a frequency code, a bandwidth-keeping pulse and the like is generated for subsequent guiding equipment, so that the frequency measurement precision is ensured to meet 1MHz (r.m.s). A digital receiver functional block diagram is shown in fig. 7.
The digital receiver software specifically comprises radar signal receiving and processing software, radar signal sorting and processing software and radar signal intra-pulse analysis software. The radar signal receiving and processing software mainly completes the functions of frequency measurement, signal detection, PDW output and the like; the radar signal sorting processing software unit mainly completes PDW sorting and generates radar signal description words; the radar signal intra-pulse analysis software mainly completes the intra-pulse feature analysis of the specified radiation source.
The power supply unit converts external DC 24V or AC 220V into direct current voltages required by the microwave frequency conversion unit, the signal generation unit, the main control unit and the single bit unit respectively so as to ensure that each unit module can work normally.
The device comprises three antenna arrays, namely an S-band antenna array, a C/X-band antenna array and a Ku-band antenna array. The comparison outline shows that the height from the center of the S-band radar antenna to the ground is 5 m+/-0.5 m, the height from the center of the C/X-band radar antenna to the ground is 3 m+/-0.5 m, and the height from the center of the Ku-band radar antenna to the ground is 3.5 m+/-0.5 m.
Distance between antenna erection in each band:
because the equipment needs to simulate target echo, radar target capturing, tracking and ballistic extrapolation performance are checked, the simulator placement position must meet the quasi-far field condition of the antenna, i.e. the simulator and radar distance meet
Wherein: r is the distance between the simulator and the radar, D2 is the aperture area of the antenna, and lambda is the signal wavelength.
S-band radar: d=3.4m, r=120m;
x-band radar: d2 =3.0×2.3m, r=200m; (C-band radar, r=300m)
Ku band radar: d2 =0.8×0.9m, r=40m.
Total height of antenna array:
the radar reserves pitching lowest wave beam about 2 degrees, considering 3 degrees elevation angle, the radar antenna center height is hr, the total linear array height HA=hr+R is obtained, namely tan (5 degrees), wherein S wave band hr=5m+0.5 m, C/X wave band hr=3m+0.5 m, ku wave band hr=3.5m+0.5m, and the total linear array height of each wave band is calculated as follows:
s wave band: ha=15.5m; x wave band: ha=20.5m; ku band: ha=7m.
Considering that the projectile is lifted off below the shielding angle, the linear array height is therefore slightly lowered:
s wave band: ha=15 (corresponding to pitch angles of 1.76 ° -4.76 °);
x wave band: ha=20 (corresponding to pitch angles of 1.86 ° -4.86 °);
ku band: ha=7 (corresponding to pitch angles 2 ° -5 °).
So the S wave band is a lifting platform which is lifted by 15 m; C/X wave band selects lifting platform with 20m lifting height; the Ku wave band is a lifting platform which is raised by 7m.
Antenna array length and element spacing:
considering that the pitching tracking range of the antenna is larger than 3 degrees, the number of the array elements is larger than 60 because the included angle between the array elements is smaller than 0.05 degrees. Taking the margin and the binary rule into account, the number of array elements takes 64. Combining the total height of the antenna array, the length of the antenna array (the distance between the 1 st array element and the 64 th array element) is obtained:
s wave band: not less than 6.3051 m; x wave band: not less than 10.5105 m; ku band: and is equal to or more than 2.1027 m.
Dividing the length by the array element interval number 63 to obtain the distance between each two oscillators:
s wave band: not less than 100.1 and mm; x wave band: not less than 166.8 mm; ku band: not less than 33.4 and mm.
Considering the processing error, slightly amplifying, and setting the distance between each vibrator:
s wave band: not less than 101 and mm; x wave band: not less than 168 mm; ku band: not less than 34.5. 34.5 mm.
Considering that the intervals of half array elements are left on the upper part and the lower part respectively, the total antenna array length is 64 times of the array element interval, and the antenna array length is obtained:
s wave band: not less than 6.464 m; x wave band: not less than 10.752 m; ku band: 2.208 and m.
In view of portability, the device closure length is typically less than 1.8 meters. The antenna arrays of each band are thus divided as follows:
s wave band: 8 segments of 8 units each with a length of 0.808 m;
x wave band: 8 segments of 8 units each, length 1.344 m;
ku band: 8 segments of 8 units each, length 0.276 m.
The matched accessory comprises a following packing box and a communication cable, the following packing box is convenient for equipment transportation, the system is connected with a power supply through the communication cable to supply power, and the power supply mode is direct current power supply or alternating current power supply. Specific:
as shown in fig. 9, when dc power is supplied to the radar vehicle, the output voltage needs to be boosted and transmitted in consideration of the distance between the radar vehicle and the host. The radar vehicle direct current plug is connected with the DC-DC boosting module, the DC-DC boosting module is respectively connected with the host machine and the optical terminal machine through the light photoelectric hybrid cable, the optical terminal machine is connected with the host machine through a network cable, and the power supply line is connected with the host machine and then supplies power through the internal DC-DC voltage reducing module. The optical fiber interface of the DC-DC boosting module is directly connected and converted into a network cable through an optical transceiver and then connected to an operation terminal.
As shown in fig. 10, the AC plug of the radar vehicle is connected to the docking station, and is connected to the host and the optical transceiver through the light-weight photoelectric hybrid cable, the optical transceiver is connected to the host through a network cable, the power supply line is connected to the host AC input station, and then supplies power to the host, and the other optical fiber interface of the docking station is directly converted into the network cable through the optical transceiver connection and then is connected to the control terminal.
The scheme can realize that the spurious suppression ratio of the target signal reaches 60dBc in an ultra-wide band; meanwhile, the interference bandwidth can reach 2GHz; various ground, low-altitude moving targets and air projectile targets can be simulated. Specific:
spurious suppression ratio 60dBc:
the frequency band of the equipment comprises S-Ku, and the specific frequency band of the receiving channel is divided into: 2.6-3.6GHz,5-6GHz,8.5-9.5GHz,8.97-9.97GHz,9.5-10.5GHz,10-11GHz,15.5-16.5GHz,16.2-17.2GHz and 17-18GHz, down-conversion firstly mixes signals in various frequency bands with a fixed local oscillator to 1.5-2.5GHz, then mixes the signals with a stepping 10MHz slow local oscillator to 7.3-7.5GHz, mixes the signals with the fixed local oscillator to 300-500MHz, and reduces the instantaneous width to 200MHz, so that the spurious suppression ratio in the instantaneous width of the down-converted intermediate frequency signals can reach 65dBc, the working bandwidth is ensured to be the S-Ku ultra-wideband, and the ultra-wideband receiver-single bit is used for detecting radar signals to guide microwaves to correspond to the ultra-wideband working bandwidth of the radar; the DA plays back the data after AD sampling by the signal processing unit, a section of 200MHz narrow-band signal with better spurious suppression by the signal processing unit is taken, 300-500MHz interference/target analog signal is output, and the spurious suppression ratio of the intermediate frequency output signal is ensured to reach 65dBc; then up-converting the microwave to the radio frequency radar signal to ensure that the spurious suppression ratio of the radio frequency signal reaches 60dBc. Through this scheme, can guarantee simultaneously: a. the single-bit receiver is utilized to guide and local oscillation rapidly, so that the ultra-wideband radar working bandwidth is adapted; b. under the condition of ultra-wideband radio frequency input, the maximum instantaneous bandwidth of the radar is 200MHz, so that a narrow band 200MHz is adopted as the instantaneous bandwidth, and 200MHz with better spurious suppression is selected in the instantaneous bandwidth of the signal processing unit, so that the radio frequency output spurious suppression ratio (S-Ku) in the working bandwidth of the radar is ensured to reach 60dBc.
Interference bandwidth 2GHz and spurious suppression ratio better than 40dBc:
according to the scheme, the signal with the instantaneous bandwidth of 1.15-2.15GHz of the signal processing unit is selected to be 1GHz, the signal is mixed to be 9-10GHz through a fixed local oscillator of 11.15GHz, the signal is subjected to frequency doubling to be 18-20GHz, and finally different local oscillators are selected to be mixed to different wavebands through different wavebands, and the filtering amplification groups of the different wavebands are used for guaranteeing the radio frequency output interference bandwidth of 2GHz.
The down-conversion scheme is designed as:
1. and mixing the frequency limit numbers of the frequency bands with the frequency hopping local oscillation signals 1 to obtain 1.5-2.5 GHz.
2. Mixing the signal with 1.5-2.5GHz and a frequency hopping local oscillator 2 (7000-8000 MHz step 10 MHz) to obtain a 5.4GHz-5.6GHz signal.
3. Mixing 5.4GHz-5.6GHz with a point frequency local oscillator 3 (5.1 GHz) to obtain radio frequency signals of various frequency bands, and filtering, amplifying and outputting.
4. The local oscillator frequencies are shown in the following table:
intermediate frequency output spurious is better than 60dBc:
the stray sources of the frequency conversion circuit mainly have two kinds: firstly, the spurious brought by the local oscillator and secondly, the spurious generated by frequency mixing, so that the spurious in two aspects is mainly controlled to realize the low spurious of the broadband.
(1) And (3) controlling local oscillation stray: the local oscillators in the scheme are generated by a phase-locked loop and a filtering amplifying circuit, and the local oscillation spurious used by the scheme is better than the actual measurement and finally better than-65 dBc through modes of power supply filtering, loop parameter adjustment and the like, so that the first problem is solved;
(2) Control mixing-generated spurs: the down-conversion has three frequency mixing, wherein the first frequency mixing is to mix the radio frequency of each frequency band with the frequency hopping local oscillator 1 to obtain an intermediate frequency, so that the frequency conversion from a broadband to a narrowband intermediate frequency (1 GHz) is realized, the second frequency mixing is to mix the 1GHz bandwidth signal with the local oscillator 2 to become a radio frequency signal with 200MHz bandwidth, the bandwidth is further narrowed, the spurious control is facilitated, and the third frequency mixing is to convert the radio frequency signal with 200MHz bandwidth to a 300-500MHz intermediate frequency signal which is needed by people. The first frequency conversion and the third frequency conversion are both frequency mixing of radio frequency signals and local oscillation signals to obtain intermediate frequency signals, the intermediate frequency signals are far away from the radio frequency signals and the local oscillation signals and are easy to filter, so that the key of spurious control is that the spurious control is performed in the second frequency mixing, and 5.4-5.6GHz is selected as intermediate radio frequency transition frequency through calculation and test, so that the spurious control can be realized and can be well controlled.
The up-conversion scheme is designed as follows:
the transmitting channel provides two paths of up-conversion channels and can respectively convert two intermediate frequency signals to obtain one path of radio frequency signal:
spoofing the channel:
1. mixing 300MHz-500MHz intermediate frequency with FD input 2GHz (2 GHz is 8GHz after 4 times frequency multiplication) to obtain 7.5-7.7 GHz.
2. And mixing 7.5-7.7GHz with a frequency hopping local oscillator 4 (5100-6100 MHz step 10 MHz) to obtain a 1.5GHz-2.5GHz signal.
3. Mixing 1.5GHz-2.5GHz with a frequency hopping local oscillator 1 (frequency is shown in figure 15) to obtain radio frequency signals of various frequency bands, and filtering, amplifying and outputting.
Noise channel:
1. mixing the intermediate frequency of 1.65+/-0.25 GHz/1.65+/-0.5 GHz with the local oscillator 4 (11.15 GHz) to obtain 9.25-9.75GHz/9-10 GHz.
2. The frequency of 9.25-9.75GHz/9-10GHz is doubled to obtain 18.5-19.5GHz/18-20GHz signals.
3. The 18.5-19.5GHz/18-20GHz signals are mixed with a frequency hopping local oscillator 5 (the frequency is shown in figure 15) to obtain radio frequency signals of various frequency bands, and the radio frequency signals are filtered, amplified and output.
Radio frequency output spurs are better than 60dBc (spoofing channel):
and in contrast to the receiving channel, the deception channel outputs the 300-500MHz intermediate frequency signal through three frequency conversion, and the spurious control is the same as the receiving channel, and the local oscillation spurious control and the frequency conversion spurious control are the same as the receiving channel. Therefore, the key is to control the frequency conversion spurious, the key of the spurious channel control spurious is that the spurious channel control spurious is not too same as the receiving channel, the third frequency mixing is to mix the intermediate frequency signal of 1.5-2.5GHz with the frequency hopping local oscillator to obtain the broadband radio frequency signal, because the output radio frequency signal is the broadband signal, the local oscillator and the radio frequency are very close, the spurious channel control spurious can only be realized in a sectional filtering mode, and therefore, a switch filtering group is used for filtering signals of various frequency bands.
The shell simulation function implementation scheme comprises the following steps:
the whole implementation scheme is as follows: realizing a shell simulation algorithm at a PS end of a main control module (Zynq), and calculating shell position, speed and elevation information in various shell models (such as 82mm mortar, 120mm mortar, 122mm grenade, 155mm grenade, 122mm rocket gun and 300mm remote rocket gun); transmitting the shell position and speed information to a signal processing module through a message; the elevation information is achieved by controlling the antenna array by the main control. The shell position and speed information is transmitted to the signal processing module by the main control module through a message, the signal processing module calculates corresponding speed and position information at each moment through the message calculating module, and then the time delay (300 MHz) corresponding to the position information is calculated in real time through the parameter calculating module, and the frequency offset value (Fd) corresponding to the speed information is calculated. The elevation information is realized by a main control module through a control signal to control each level of switch on the antenna array, namely 64 arrays in total (the elevation information corresponding to the corresponding array is already introduced in the section of the antenna array), the control signal generated by the main control module passes through one-to-two switches and then reaches each antenna array sub-module through one-to-eight switches in total (8 antenna array sub-modules are used as each antenna array sub-module and 64 antenna array sub-modules are used as each antenna array sub-module), then the elevation information of the projectile track is realized through one-to-eight switches on each antenna array sub-module, each array represents different elevation information, the elevation is calculated through a model, the array number corresponding to the elevation is found through an internal mapping relation, and the corresponding control signal is sent out by the main control module. Through the design of the intervals and the lengths of the antenna elements, the pitch tracking range of the antenna is more than 3 degrees, and the included angle between the array elements is less than 0.05 degrees, so that the accurate shell simulation is realized.
Claims (8)
1. A broadband low-spurious projectile simulation system, comprising: a host, a control terminal and an antenna,
the host is used for generating target and interference signals required by the test and comprises a main control unit, a signal generation unit, a microwave frequency conversion unit, a single bit unit, a transceiver power amplification unit and a power supply unit;
the main control unit analyzes parameters and control instructions issued by the control terminal and sends the parameters and the control instructions to the signal generation unit;
the signal generating unit generates radar radio frequency target echo simulation and radar interference signals required by the test according to the target signal parameters output by the main control unit;
the single bit unit is used for quick frequency measurement and quick frequency guidance;
the microwave frequency conversion unit realizes up-down conversion of 2-18GHz signals and provides digital processing clock signals for the signal generation unit and the main control unit, wherein the method for realizing up-down conversion of the 2-18GHz signals comprises the following steps: the down-conversion firstly mixes the signals of each frequency band with a fixed local oscillator to 1.5-2.5GHz, then mixes the signals with a slow local oscillator with the step of 10MHz to 7.3-7.5GHz, and then mixes the signals with the fixed local oscillator to 300-500MHz through the fixed local oscillator to reduce the instantaneous bandwidth to 200MHz; the radar signal which is rapidly measured by the single bit unit is guided to be cut into corresponding local oscillators, DA plays back data after AD sampling by the signal processing unit, 300-500MHz interference/target analog signals are output, the spurious suppression ratio of intermediate frequency output signals is ensured to reach 65dBc, and then the signals are up-converted to radio frequency radar signals by microwaves; the intermediate frequency selects signals with the instantaneous bandwidth of 1GHz of 1.15-2.15GHz of the signal processing unit, mixes the signals to 9-10GHz through a fixed local oscillator of 11.15GHz, multiplies the signals to 18-20GHz by two times, finally selects different local oscillators to mix the signals to different wavebands through different wavebands, and filters and amplifies the signals through different wavebands;
the receiving and transmitting power amplification unit receives, filters and amplifies the 2-18GHz radio frequency signal, and transmits the radio frequency signal output by the microwave frequency conversion unit to the antenna after power amplification;
the power supply unit provides electric energy for the main control unit, the signal generation unit, the microwave frequency conversion unit, the transceiver power amplification unit and the single-bit unit;
the control terminal adopts man-machine interface interaction, sets target and interference signal parameters required by the test, and transmits the parameters to the host through a network to remotely control the host;
the antenna is used for receiving and transmitting radio frequency signals in different wave bands; the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged on an antenna, wherein the heights of the antenna elements are adjusted through lifting rods, and targets with different angles are simulated and generated; the antenna comprises an S-band antenna array, a C/X-band antenna array and a Ku-band antenna array, and a host can realize target and interference training of the artillery radar with different bands by being provided with different antennas, wherein the antenna arrays with the bands are divided as follows:
s wave band: 8 segments of 8 units each with a length of 0.808 m;
x wave band: 8 segments of 8 units each, length 1.344 m;
ku band: 8 segments of 8 units each, length 0.276 m.
2. The broadband low-spurious projectile simulation system of claim 1, wherein said signal generation unit comprises a target signal generation module and an interfering signal generation module;
the target signal generation module comprises a digital frequency storage module, a technology generator, a digital mixing module and a clock distribution network; the clock distribution network adopts a high-speed AD chip to collect intermediate frequency radar signals which are subjected to microwave down-conversion, and controls the digital frequency storage module and the digital frequency mixing module through a technology generator, so that the required intermediate frequency signals with Doppler modulation information are generated, converted into target analog signals through a DA chip, and sent to the microwave frequency conversion unit for up-down conversion.
3. A broadband low-spurious projectile simulation system according to claim 2, wherein said jamming signal generation module comprises a spoofing jamming generation module and a suppressing jamming generation module;
the deception jamming generation module generates various deception jamming signals required by the test according to the jamming pattern and the jamming parameters output by the main control unit; the suppression interference generation module controls the DDS to generate various noise interference signals according to the set interference pattern, the interference parameters and the frequency guide information provided by the single bit unit.
4. The broadband low-spurious projectile simulation system of claim 1, wherein the microwave frequency conversion unit comprises a radio frequency receiving module, a radio frequency modulation module and a frequency combining module;
the radio frequency receiving module is used for receiving radio frequency signals of the tested radar to realize amplitude limiting, attenuation, amplification and stable receiving of the radar radio frequency signals; the radio frequency modulation module is used for carrying out up-conversion, filtering and channel selection on intermediate frequency signals of the target and interference signals generated by the signal generation unit, and then sending the signals to the transceiver amplification unit for power amplification and then radiating the signals through the antenna; the frequency combining module provides local oscillation signals required by frequency conversion for the radio frequency receiving module and the radio frequency modulating module, and provides clock reference signals required for signal generation, so that the clocks of the whole machine are unified.
5. The broadband low spurious projectile simulation system of claim 4, wherein said radio frequency receiving means comprises a limiter, an adjustable attenuator, a bandpass filter, a variable frequency network and an amplifying circuit;
the limiter has the anti-burnout protection effect on the amplitude limiting of external large signals and the subsequent-stage circuit; the adjustable attenuator is used for adjusting signal power, so that large dynamic receiving is realized; filtering the external non-radar signals by a band-pass filter; the variable frequency network mainly completes the frequency shifting function of signals; the amplifying circuit ensures the signal power before and after mixing.
6. The broadband low spurious projectile simulation system of claim 5, wherein said radio frequency modulation module comprises a variable frequency network, a filter, a switch selection network and a digitally controlled attenuator;
the digital control attenuator is adopted to realize output dynamic, the frequency conversion network, the filter and the switch selection network are used for carrying out up-conversion, filtering and channel selection on the intermediate frequency signals of the target and interference signals generated by the signal generating unit, and then the intermediate frequency signals are sent to the receiving and transmitting power amplifying unit for power amplification and then radiated through the antenna.
7. The broadband low spurious projectile simulation system of claim 6, wherein said frequency block comprises a crystal oscillator, PDRO, PLL, power divider, amplifier, filter and control circuitry;
generating a reference clock through a crystal oscillator, generating a high-frequency clock signal through a PDRO and a PLL, transmitting the high-frequency clock signal to a power divider to generate a plurality of required local oscillation signals, and outputting the local oscillation signals through an amplifying and filtering circuit; the control circuit is responsible for its internal control.
8. A broadband low-straying projectile simulation system according to claim 1, further comprising mating accessories, said mating accessories comprising a pallet and a communication cable, the system being powered by direct current and/or alternating current.
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