CN113608183B - Hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system, which comprises: the system comprises a radar signal receiving frequency conversion module, a target delay digital frequency storage module, a Doppler signal generation module, an instantaneous frequency measurement module, a signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module, a broadband local oscillation module and a control module. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the characteristics of the distance change, doppler frequency shift and amplitude change of the radio frequency simulation target can be accurately controlled to generate the hypersonic radio frequency simulation target, so that the hypersonic radio frequency simulation target is consistent with a real hypersonic moving target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar target simulation, and particularly relates to a hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system, in particular to hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation generating equipment of a ship-borne radar, which can solve the problem that the ship-borne radar lacks hypersonic target matching in training.
Background
At present, with the development of hypersonic weapons, military strong countries such as the United states and Russia sequentially disclose hypersonic missiles and hypersonic unmanned aerial vehicle development plans, and the target flying speed can reach more than Mach 6. The high overspeed motion of the target can cause the change rate of the radial distance of the target to be changed to the higher power, so that the radar is difficult to record and track the target, and the defending difficulty is extremely high. Many radar target simulation devices are currently being developed. The function of these devices is mainly to simulate the generation of conventional target signals, mainly for the simulation of conventional common moving speed targets, and there is no method and device for specifically generating hypersonic speed target signals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system which can provide a radio frequency simulation target with a maximum speed reaching 13 Mach for a radar and is used for detecting performance inspection and efficiency evaluation of the radar on the hypersonic target.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system, comprising: the system comprises a radar signal receiving frequency conversion module, a target delay digital frequency storage module, a Doppler signal generation module, an instantaneous frequency measurement module, a signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module, a broadband local oscillation module and a control module; wherein,
The radar signal receiving frequency conversion module is used for filtering and linearly amplifying the received radar signal with low noise, mixing the radar signal with a local oscillation signal generated by the broadband local oscillation module to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, outputting the intermediate frequency signal to the target delay digital frequency storage module, and reading the time delay value of the target in the control module to realize the range change simulation of the hypersonic moving target; then adding Doppler frequency shift modulation information through a Doppler signal generation module, and reading Doppler frequency shift values from a control module to realize the speed simulation of the hypersonic radio frequency target; finally, calculating an attenuation value of the target at the current distance in real time by a control module, and realizing accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude through a signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module; the instantaneous frequency measurement module accurately measures the frequency of radar signals in real time, provides accurate tested radar radiation signal frequency for the target delay digital frequency storage module and the Doppler signal generation module through the control module, and realizes the intermingling of the simulated hypersonic radio frequency target signal and the tested radar signal.
Preferably, the radar signal receiving frequency conversion module is used for receiving a radar radiation signal, performing amplitude adjustment and low-noise amplification on the received radar radiation signal, mixing the radar radiation signal with a local oscillation signal of the broadband local oscillation module to a frequency band required by digital frequency storage, and outputting the frequency band to the target delay digital frequency storage module.
Preferably, the target delay digital frequency storage module is used for carrying out distance delay on a target and simulating the occurrence distance of a moving target under different radar antenna scanning periods; according to the position of the simulation target, the control module calculates the time delay value of the echo signal of the simulation target relative to the transmission pulse of the tested radar; under the synchronization of detection pulses of the detected radar transmitting signals, the control module reads corresponding intermediate frequency pulse signals stored in the digital radio frequency memory according to the time delay value, and simulates target echoes corresponding to different distances.
Preferably, the Doppler signal generating module is used for carrying out Doppler modulation on the echo information of the target; the control module calculates the required Doppler signal frequency according to the target speed and the tested radar signal carrier frequency, and controls the direct digital frequency synthesizer to generate two orthogonal Doppler signals; the intermediate frequency digital signal which is output by the target delay digital frequency storage module and is subjected to distance modulation is subjected to I/Q quadrature decimator to form a quadrature signal; and carrying out quadrature mixing on the I/Q two paths of intermediate frequency digital signals and the two orthogonal paths of Doppler signals generated by the direct digital frequency synthesizer, and finally outputting the signals to be the echo intermediate frequency signals after Doppler frequency modulation.
Preferably, the instantaneous frequency measurement module is used for accurately measuring the signal frequency output by the radar signal receiving and frequency conversion module; the control module calculates the frequency of the radar radiation signal to be tested according to the frequency of the broadband local oscillation module and the output of the instantaneous frequency measurement module so as to calculate the Doppler frequency of the simulation target.
Preferably, the signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module is used for realizing the modulation of the amplitude of a target signal, recovering an intermediate frequency signal of an analog target output by distance delay and Doppler modulation to the original signal frequency of a tested radar, amplifying the analog target signal to a required power level, and transmitting the amplified analog target signal to generate a hypersonic radio frequency target signal which is received by the radar; the control module calculates the attenuation value of the target at the current distance in real time according to the initial distance and the initial attenuation amount of the simulation target, and controls the program-controlled attenuator to realize the accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude.
Preferably, the wideband local oscillation module is used for generating the frequency mixing local oscillation signals required by the receiving down-conversion circuit and the transmitting up-conversion circuit according to the working frequency of the tested radar signal.
Preferably, the control module generates a current time delay value of the simulation target in real time according to the tested radar and the simulation target parameters and transmits the current time delay value to the target time delay digital frequency storage module so as to realize the distance modulation of the simulation target; calculating the frequency of a tested radar signal according to the frequency of the broadband local oscillation module and the output of the instantaneous frequency measurement module, generating the Doppler frequency shift of the analog target in real time, and transmitting the Doppler frequency shift to the Doppler signal generation module to realize Doppler modulation of the analog target signal; the control parameters for generating signal amplitude modulation are transmitted to the signal amplitude and broadband power amplifier module, so that the accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude is realized; and the corresponding modules are controlled in real time.
Preferably, the signal amplitude and broadband power amplifier module realizes the modulation of the target signal amplitude by a high-speed radio frequency range controlled attenuator.
Preferably, the Doppler modulation is controlled by the signal processing circuit, and the Doppler frequency modulation signal output by the signal processing circuit is up-converted to a 1.5GHz center frequency as a local oscillation signal of the signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module.
The hypersonic radio frequency simulation target signal generated by the invention has obvious characteristics and is easy to be received and measured by a radar; a broadband system design is adopted to reach the frequency coverage range of 2-18 GHz; the method can simulate the target which generates the maximum relative radial velocity reaching Mach 13, and can be used for detecting performance inspection and efficiency evaluation of the radar on hypersonic targets.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hypersonic target radio frequency simulation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of simulated target delay;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a digital Doppler modulation technique implementation;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of doppler shift synthesis.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, in which like or identical parts are given the same reference numerals, and in which the shape, thickness or height of each component may be enlarged or reduced in practical use. The examples set forth herein are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any obvious modifications or alterations to the invention, as would be apparent, are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system, comprising: the system comprises a radar signal receiving frequency conversion module, a target delay digital frequency storage module, a Doppler signal generation module, an instantaneous frequency measurement module, a signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module, a broadband local oscillation module and a control module. The method can accurately control the characteristics of the distance change, doppler frequency shift and amplitude change of the radio frequency simulation target to generate the hypersonic radio frequency simulation target, and achieve the consistency with the real hypersonic moving target. The implementation functions of the modules are as follows:
The radar signal receiving frequency conversion module is used for receiving the radar radiation signal, carrying out amplitude adjustment and low-noise amplification on the received radar radiation signal, mixing the radar radiation signal with the local oscillation signal of the broadband local oscillation module to a frequency band required by digital frequency storage, and outputting the frequency band to the target delay digital frequency storage module.
And the target delay digital frequency storage module is used for carrying out distance delay on the target, and the purpose of the delay is to simulate the occurrence distance of the moving target under different radar antenna scanning periods. The control module calculates the next appearance distance of the simulation target according to the movement speed and the time difference of the target, and converts the next appearance distance into delay time. In the system of the invention, the appearance distance of the simulated radio frequency target echo on the radar screen must be strictly controlled, and the target echo can be acquired and tracked by the radar. For this reason, it is necessary to make a high-precision distance delay for the distance of the analog target. In order to realize the time delay (distance) simulation of the broadband frequency agile radar analog echo signal, a broadband digital frequency storage circuit is adopted. According to the position of the simulation target, the control module calculates the time delay value of the echo signal of the simulation target relative to the transmission pulse of the tested radar; under the synchronization of the detection pulses of the radar emission signals to be tested, the control module reads corresponding intermediate frequency pulse signals stored in the digital radio frequency memory according to the delay values, and accurately simulates each target echo corresponding to different distances (delay values), as shown in fig. 2.
And the Doppler signal generation module is used for carrying out Doppler modulation on the target echo information. The Doppler signal generation module utilizes a digital algorithm to realize frequency modulation of radar signals, and replaces the traditional method of utilizing microwave devices such as a mixer, a filter and the like to realize frequency modulation of analog signals. The specific implementation method is shown in fig. 3: the control module calculates the required Doppler signal frequency according to the target speed and the tested radar signal carrier frequency, and controls the direct digital frequency synthesizer to generate two orthogonal Doppler signals; the intermediate frequency digital signal which is output by the target delay digital frequency storage module and is subjected to distance modulation is subjected to I/Q quadrature decimator to form a quadrature signal; and carrying out quadrature mixing on the I/Q two paths of intermediate frequency digital signals and the two orthogonal paths of Doppler signals generated by the direct digital frequency synthesizer, and finally outputting the signals to be the echo intermediate frequency signals after Doppler frequency modulation.
The analog accuracy of the doppler frequency depends on the accuracy of the selection of the radar signal frequency. In order to realize hypersonic speed target simulation of the frequency agile radar, an instantaneous frequency measuring module is added in the invention, and the frequency of the signal output by the radar signal receiving and frequency converting module is accurately measured. The control module calculates the frequency of the radar radiation signal to be tested according to the frequency of the broadband local oscillation module and the output of the instantaneous frequency measurement module, and can accurately calculate the Doppler frequency of the simulation target according to the frequency.
The instantaneous frequency measurement module is used for accurately measuring the output signal (intermediate frequency signal) of the radar signal receiving frequency conversion module, accurately measuring the frequency and phase information of the signal and transmitting the information to the control module.
The signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module is used for realizing the modulation of the target signal amplitude by a broadband and high-speed radio frequency range controlled attenuator, recovering the analog target intermediate frequency signal output by the range delay and Doppler modulation to the original signal frequency of the tested radar, amplifying the analog target signal to the required power level and transmitting the amplified signal to generate a hypersonic radio frequency target signal, and receiving the hypersonic radio frequency target signal by the radar. The control module calculates the attenuation value of the target at the current distance in real time according to the initial distance and the initial attenuation amount of the simulation target, and controls the program-controlled attenuator to realize the accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude.
And the broadband local oscillation module is used for generating a frequency mixing local oscillation signal required by the receiving down-conversion circuit and the transmitting up-conversion circuit according to the working frequency of the tested radar signal.
The control module generates a current time delay value of the simulation target in real time according to the tested radar and the simulation target parameters and transmits the current time delay value to the target time delay digital frequency storage module so as to realize the distance modulation of the simulation target; calculating the frequency of a tested radar signal according to the frequency of the broadband local oscillation module and the output of the instantaneous frequency measurement module, generating the Doppler frequency shift of the analog target in real time, and transmitting the Doppler frequency shift to the Doppler signal generation module to realize Doppler modulation of the analog target signal; the control parameters for generating signal amplitude modulation are transmitted to the signal amplitude and broadband power amplifier module, so that the accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude is realized; and the corresponding modules are controlled in real time.
According to the hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system, the radar signal receiving frequency conversion module is used for filtering and linearly amplifying the received radar signal with low noise, and then mixing with the local oscillation signal generated by the broadband local oscillation module to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, outputting the intermediate frequency signal to the target delay digital frequency storage module, and reading the time delay value of the target in the control module to realize the range change simulation of the hypersonic moving target; then adding Doppler frequency shift modulation information through a Doppler signal generation module, and reading Doppler frequency shift values from a control module to realize the speed simulation of the hypersonic radio frequency target; finally, calculating an attenuation value of the target at the current distance in real time by a control module, and realizing accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude through a signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module; the instantaneous frequency measurement module accurately measures the frequency of radar signals in real time, provides accurate tested radar radiation signal frequency for the target delay digital frequency storage module and the Doppler signal generation module through the control module, and realizes the intermingling of the simulated hypersonic radio frequency target signal and the tested radar signal.
The key point of the simulation generation of hypersonic radio frequency simulation target signals is to precisely control three aspects of delay distance change, doppler frequency shift quantity and signal amplitude change characteristics of the radio frequency simulation target signals. The purpose of the delay distance change is to simulate the change of the displacement of a moving object, the purpose of adding Doppler frequency shift (change of phase and frequency) to a simulated radio frequency signal is to simulate the Doppler effect of a real high-speed moving object, and the purpose of the amplitude change of the signal is to simulate the change of signal energy received by a radar when the objects are at different distances.
(1) Target distance simulation
In the system of the invention, the appearance distance of the simulated radar echo on the radar screen must be strictly controlled, and the true value data can be provided for the radar. For this reason, it is necessary to perform a high-precision distance delay on the distance of the target, and the delay of the distance may be equivalent to a delay of time in the present system. The implementation method comprises the following steps: the radar signal receiving frequency conversion module is used for outputting an intermediate frequency signal (an analog signal), and the purpose of reducing the radar signal to be tested into the intermediate frequency signal after mixing is convenient for subsequent processing. The target delay digital frequency storage module performs digital sampling on the intermediate frequency signal and then converts the intermediate frequency signal into a digital signal (the purpose of converting the intermediate frequency signal into the digital signal is to accurately control delay time), after the conversion from the analog signal to the digital signal, the digital signal is sent into the time delay circuit, envelope extraction is performed on the radar pulse signal, the rising edge signal is used as a detection pulse reference pulse, and under the synchronization of the detection pulse of the detected radar emission signal, the target delay digital frequency storage module reads the intermediate frequency emission pulse stored in the digital radio frequency memory according to the delay value tau n of the analog target calculated by the control module, and accurately simulates target echoes corresponding to different delay values. The control module calculates the next appearance distance of the simulation target according to the motion speed and the time difference of the simulation target, and converts the next appearance distance into delay time tau n.
(2) Doppler shift simulation of targets
In addition to the distance delay to the target, the target echo information is also required to be doppler modulated, and the doppler shift is added in real time at high speed, so that hypersonic speed simulation can be realized. The implementation method is as follows: the output signal of the target delay digital frequency storage module is an intermediate frequency digital signal added with a delay value (distance modulation), and the Doppler signal generation module carries out I/Q quadrature extraction on the intermediate frequency digital signal to form an I intermediate frequency digital signal and a Q intermediate frequency digital signal; as shown in fig. 3, the control module calculates the required doppler signal frequency according to the set analog target speed and the tested radar signal carrier frequency, generates a frequency control word, and controls the direct digital frequency synthesizer to generate orthogonal I doppler signals and Q doppler signals; the Doppler signal generating module carries out quadrature frequency mixing on the I intermediate frequency digital signal and the Q intermediate frequency digital signal, the I Doppler signal and the Q Doppler signal, and finally outputs the echo intermediate frequency signal after Doppler frequency modulation.
The Doppler modulation circuit is controlled by the signal processing circuit, and up-converts the Doppler frequency modulation signal output by the signal processing circuit to a center frequency of 1.5GHz to be used as a local oscillation signal of the signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module. The Doppler frequency shift range is-0.5 MHz, which corresponds to the motion target with the relative radial velocity reaching 13 Mach when the radar working frequency is 18GHz, and the functional block diagram is shown in figure 4. In the process of twice frequency conversion of the Doppler modulation circuit, a filter circuit design is added after the twice frequency conversion, so that the spurious emission is ensured to be less than 50dBc.
(3) Target intensity simulation
In order to simulate the strength of a target echo signal, according to the technical parameters of a tested radar, the radar cross section area of the simulated target, the distance from the target to the radar, the fluctuation characteristic of the amplitude of the target and other factors influencing the strength of the simulated radio frequency target signal, the pulse signal strength of the target echo is calculated, and according to the strength of the output signal of a radio frequency channel and the maximum effective radiation power of the system, the attenuation value required for controlling the amplitude of the output signal is calculated, and an attenuator in the radio frequency channel is controlled, so that the strength of the echo signal reaching a receiving antenna of the tested radar is equal to the calculated value. The RF target signal simulation mode can realistically simulate coherent and non-coherent target echo signals of pulse compression, frequency agility and pulse Doppler radar.
The analog target intermediate frequency signal output by the Doppler signal generating module is subjected to distance modulation and Doppler modulation, the signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module mixes the intermediate frequency signal with the local oscillation signal of the broadband local oscillation module to obtain the frequency the same as that of the tested radar signal, and then the signal is subjected to power amplification and transmitted to generate a hypersonic radio frequency target signal which is received by the radar. The control module calculates the attenuation value of the target at the current distance in real time according to the initial distance and the initial attenuation amount of the simulation target, and controls the signal amplitude and the program-controlled attenuator of the broadband power amplifier module to realize the accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. A hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system, comprising: the system comprises a radar signal receiving frequency conversion module, a target delay digital frequency storage module, a Doppler signal generation module, an instantaneous frequency measurement module, a signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module, a broadband local oscillation module and a control module; wherein,
The radar signal receiving frequency conversion module is used for filtering and linearly amplifying the received radar signal with low noise, mixing the radar signal with a local oscillation signal generated by the broadband local oscillation module to obtain an intermediate frequency signal, outputting the intermediate frequency signal to the target delay digital frequency storage module, and reading the time delay value of the target in the control module to realize the range change simulation of the hypersonic moving target; then adding Doppler frequency shift modulation information through a Doppler signal generation module, and reading Doppler frequency shift values from a control module to realize the speed simulation of the hypersonic radio frequency target; finally, calculating an attenuation value of the target at the current distance in real time by a control module, and realizing accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude through a signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module; the instantaneous frequency measurement module accurately measures the frequency of a radar signal in real time, provides accurate frequency of a tested radar radiation signal for the target delay digital frequency storage module and the Doppler signal generation module through the control module, and realizes the intermingling of an analog hypersonic radio frequency target signal and the tested radar signal;
The radar signal receiving frequency conversion module is used for receiving a radar radiation signal, carrying out amplitude adjustment and low-noise amplification on the received radar radiation signal, mixing the radar radiation signal with a local oscillation signal of the broadband local oscillation module to a frequency band required by digital frequency storage, and outputting the frequency band to the target delay digital frequency storage module;
the target delay digital frequency storage module is used for carrying out distance delay on the target and simulating the occurrence distance of the moving target under different radar antenna scanning periods; according to the position of the simulation target, the control module calculates the time delay value of the echo signal of the simulation target relative to the transmission pulse of the tested radar; under the synchronization of detection pulses of the detected signals of the radar to be tested, the control module reads corresponding intermediate frequency pulse signals stored in the digital radio frequency memory according to the time delay value, and simulates each target echo corresponding to different distances;
The Doppler signal generation module is used for carrying out Doppler modulation on the echo information of the target; the control module calculates the required Doppler signal frequency according to the target speed and the tested radar signal carrier frequency, and controls the direct digital frequency synthesizer to generate two orthogonal Doppler signals; the intermediate frequency digital signal which is output by the target delay digital frequency storage module and is subjected to distance modulation is subjected to I/Q quadrature decimator to form a quadrature signal; carrying out quadrature mixing on the I/Q two paths of intermediate frequency digital signals and two paths of orthogonal Doppler signals generated by a direct digital frequency synthesizer, and finally outputting the signals to be echo intermediate frequency signals after Doppler frequency modulation;
the instantaneous frequency measurement module is used for accurately measuring the signal frequency output by the radar signal receiving and frequency conversion module; the control module calculates the frequency of the radar radiation signal to be tested according to the frequency of the broadband local oscillation module and the output of the instantaneous frequency measurement module so as to calculate the Doppler frequency of the simulation target;
The signal amplitude and broadband power amplification module is used for realizing the modulation of the amplitude of a target signal, recovering an analog target intermediate frequency signal output by the range delay and Doppler modulation to the original signal frequency of a tested radar, amplifying the analog target signal to a required power level and transmitting the amplified analog target signal to generate a hypersonic radio frequency target signal, and receiving the hypersonic radio frequency target signal by the radar; the control module calculates an attenuation value of the target at the current distance in real time according to the initial distance and the initial attenuation amount of the simulation target, and controls the program-controlled attenuator to realize accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude;
The control module generates a current time delay value of the simulation target in real time according to the tested radar and the simulation target parameters and transmits the current time delay value to the target time delay digital frequency storage module so as to realize the distance modulation of the simulation target; calculating the frequency of a tested radar signal according to the frequency of the broadband local oscillation module and the output of the instantaneous frequency measurement module, generating the Doppler frequency shift of the analog target in real time, and transmitting the Doppler frequency shift to the Doppler signal generation module to realize Doppler modulation of the analog target signal; the control parameters for generating signal amplitude modulation are transmitted to the signal amplitude and broadband power amplifier module, so that the accurate simulation of the target signal amplitude is realized; and the corresponding modules are controlled in real time.
2. The hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system of claim 1, wherein the broadband local oscillator module is configured to generate a mixing local oscillator signal required by the receiving down-conversion circuit and the transmitting up-conversion circuit according to an operating frequency of the radar signal under test.
3. The hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system according to claim 1, wherein the signal amplitude and broadband power amplifier module modulates the target signal amplitude by a high-speed radio frequency controlled attenuator.
4. The hypersonic broadband radio frequency target simulation system of claim 3, wherein the doppler modulation is controlled by a signal processing circuit, and the doppler frequency modulation signal output by the signal processing circuit is up-converted to a center frequency of 1.5GHz as a local oscillation signal of the signal amplitude and broadband power amplifier module.
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| CN116626619A (en) * | 2023-03-31 | 2023-08-22 | 隔空（上海）智能科技有限公司 | Doppler radar target simulator and microwave radar sensing test system |
| CN116136584B (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-06-30 | 北京中科睿信科技有限公司 | FPGA and DDR 4-based large-bandwidth beyond-view-range radar distance simulation device and method |
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