CN115217065A - Drawer type accumulation catching cage net and coastal erosion prevention and control system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a drawer type accumulation catching cage net and a coastal erosion prevention and control system. The coastal erosion prevention and control system comprises a giant kelp planting area, a zigzag-shaped one-way sand blocking wall, a drawer type accumulation catching cage net, a gravel coverage area and a zigzag-shaped one-way sand blocking barrier which are sequentially arranged along the sea to the land direction, wherein the giant kelp, the zigzag-shaped one-way sand blocking wall, the drawer type accumulation catching cage net, the gravel coverage area and the zigzag-shaped one-way sand blocking barrier are respectively parallel to a coastline and are arranged in a plurality of ways. The invention combines five measures with various functions to form a coast erosion protection system, and the supply of water sand and wind sand sediment to the shore is larger than the loss to the sea from the near-shore seabed to the land beach, thereby promoting the siltation of the seabed and the beach, sustainably improving the height of the seabed and the beach, weakening wave energy and inhibiting the occurrence of coast erosion.

Description

Drawer type accumulation catching cage net and coastal erosion prevention and control system

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of coastal ecological environment treatment, and particularly relates to a drawer type accumulation catching cage net and a coastal erosion prevention and control system.

Background

Coastal erosion with global trends has generally attracted attention in marine disasters. Coastal erosion refers to a destructive process of coast retreat caused by that supply of sand along the shore is less than loss of sand along the shore under the action of ocean power.

In order to alleviate the damage caused by coast erosion, the currently used method is to change the migration pattern of the near-shore silt in a local coast section through engineering measures so as to accumulate the silt. The main protection projects include the following:

firstly, the seawall is a traditional human coast protection method, is built in a higher region of a beach, is a building for dividing a seashore land area and a sea area, and generally runs parallel to a coastline. Although it plays a great role in fixing the coast and preventing moisture and waves. It is not generally applicable to the conservation of beach and is not suitable as a long-term protection against waves unless it is used as an aid or emergency under other engineering measures. Therefore, the engineering structure is generally only suitable for the coast with small sea waves or the coast silted to prevent abnormal sea sinking;

and secondly, the spur dikes and the spur dike groups are coastal buildings nearly perpendicular to a coastline, and have the function of intercepting silt conveyed from the upstream of the coastline to form a wide beach to protect the coastline. The spur dike is mature in the muddy coast and can be applied to the muddy coast region. The spur dike and the spur dike group achieve the aim of protecting the coast by the intercepted silt, so that the spur dike is not beneficial to intercepting a large amount of silt to form a beach for rivers such as yellow river with the annual reduction of the sand transportation amount, and the protection method has the defects, particularly for sandy coast;

and thirdly, constructing a breakwater which is approximately parallel to the shoreline in a sea area at a certain distance outside the shoreline, wherein the breakwater is called an offshore breakwater and is called an offshore breakwater for short. It acts like a spur dike and can cause siltation of the beach on the upstream side of the bank. Boulders or various concrete blocks may be used as a facing. However, the offshore bank has a small opening, and the pollution is easy to accumulate in the bay and is difficult to discharge. Therefore, the problem of environmental pollution should be considered when the offshore bank is selected as the coastal protection project;

fourthly, artificial beach sand supplement, collecting proper sand from the sea or on land and supplementing the sand to the eroded beach is the most natural countermeasure for solving the coastal erosion. Beach sand replenishment has proven to be an economically effective measure and has less impact on downstream beaches than other protective facilities. Because the sand artificially filled on the beach can still be washed away under various marine environmental conditions, particularly under the action of sea waves, the beach must be supplemented with sand every few years.

Although the coastal protection project has more forms, the coastal protection project has respective defects, and by combining the above analysis, the coastal protection project has the advantages that firstly, except the fourth artificial beach sand supplementing measure, other measures are all arranged in the seawater, the coastal protection project does not play a role in protecting the sandy beach above the high tide line, and sand grains can still be brought into the seawater by wind erosion; secondly, various dams play a role in reducing waves and depositing silt to the bank, but a large amount of sea sand is still washed and brought back to the sea, and both sides of the dam play a role in blocking the silt, so that the supply amount and the depositing effect of the silt to the bank are reduced; in addition, various dams are rigid structures, only one dam is arranged, waves passing through the dam have large energy and can erode the coast at any time, and the dams are high in cost and long in construction period.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a drawer type accumulation catching cage net and a coastal erosion prevention and control system so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

In order to achieve the aforementioned object, the embodiment of the present invention adopts a technical solution that includes:

the embodiment of the invention provides a drawer type catching cage net, which comprises: more than one drawer type accumulation catching cage and an accumulation catching net; a first opening and a second opening are respectively formed in one side surface facing the shore and one side surface facing the sea of the drawer type catching cage, and the first opening is larger than the second opening; the drawer type catching cage is fixed on the seabed through the catching cage fixing mechanism and is positioned in an intertidal zone, and the catching net is laid on the sea side of the drawer type catching cage and is connected with the drawer type catching cage into a whole.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a coastal erosion prevention and control system which comprises a giant kelp planting area, a fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking wall, the drawer type accumulation-capturing cage net, a gravel coverage area and a fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking barrier which are sequentially arranged towards the land direction along the ocean direction, wherein the giant kelp, the fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking wall, the drawer type accumulation-capturing cage net, the gravel coverage area and the fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking barrier are respectively parallel to the coastline and are arranged in a plurality of ways.

Furthermore, the kelp planting area is distributed with a breeding rope vertically arranged in a water area with the depth of 5-20m below the lowest tide level, and the breeding rope is used for planting kelp.

Furthermore, the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand blocking walls are distributed in a strip-shaped area which is positioned in an intertidal zone and is 40-150 m away from the highest tide level line; and the fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking wall comprises a plurality of cement boards which are arranged in a fold-line shape and are parallel to a coastline, a directional open-close type brush fence is arranged between every two adjacent cement boards on one side close to the shore, and a blocking net is arranged between every two adjacent cement boards on one side close to the sea.

Further, the gravel covering area is laid near the highest tide level line of the intertidal broken wave zone, the thickness of the gravel covering area is 30-60cm, and the width of the zonal area covered by the gravel covering area is 5-20m.

Furthermore, the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand barrier is arranged on a beach above the highest tide level line, the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand barrier comprises a plurality of sand blocking nets arranged in a fold line shape parallel to the coastline, and an upright post is arranged between every two adjacent sand blocking nets.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The drawer type accumulation catching cage net is designed in a one-way open mode, sea sand returning to the sea can be effectively caught and stored, the transmission of the sea sand to the shore is not influenced, the supply of sediments to the shore is greater than the loss to the sea, and the siltation of a shore line is promoted; when the accumulation net is filled with sea sand, the drawer type accumulation cage can be lifted upwards along the upright posts, and the hook-shaped fixing drill rods of the accumulation net are lifted upwards, so that the integral body of the drawer type accumulation cage net is lifted, the elevation of the ground surface is continuously increased, and the functions of shoreline siltation and erosion prevention are realized.

(2) According to the coastal erosion control system, in seawater, the giant kelp can reduce the energy of ocean currents and wave tides in deep water areas, and the proliferation of marine biological resources and the sustainable development of an ecological system are promoted; the one-way passing structure formed by the fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking wall enables sediments from the peripheral seabed to continuously deposit on one side of the shore; the drawer type catching cage net can reduce the scouring effect of waves on the surface of the sea bed and promote the deposition of sea sand in the cage net; gravel covers the broken wave zone mainly between the tides, effectively inhibits the wave from scouring and stabilizes the surface of the sea bed; on the beach on the high tide line, the zigzag one-way sand barrier has simple structure and convenient construction and maintenance, can ensure that the delivery quantity of the sea sand to the shore is larger than the loss quantity to the sea, realize the accumulation of the sand on the beach and reduce the occurrence of erosion; five measures with various functions are arranged in multiple ways parallel to a coastline according to the topographic conditions of the beach, and are combined with each other to form a coast erosion protection system, so that the supply of water sand and wind sand sediments to the shore is greater than the loss to the sea from a deep sea area to a land beach area, the siltation of the seabed and the beach is promoted, the elevation of the sea bed surface and the beach is continuously improved, the wave energy is weakened, and the occurrence of coast erosion is inhibited; particularly aiming at sandy shorelines and islands, the method is an effective measure for comprehensive treatment of near-shore water sand and wind sand.

(3) According to the coastal erosion control system, the kelp plants swing along with waves and ocean currents to form a spectacular submarine forest, so that the impact of wave tides on a shoreline can be effectively relieved, the natural breakwater is a natural breakwater, good inhabitation and bait-seeking places can be provided for the natural and cultured aquatic organisms near the shore, and the proliferation of marine organism resources and the sustainable development of an ecological system are promoted.

(4) According to the coastal erosion prevention system, the one-way passing structure is formed by the zigzag one-way sand retaining walls, so that sediments from the peripheral seabed continuously deposit on one side of the bank, manual sand supplement is not needed, and the cost of transportation and hydraulic filling materials is saved; the unidirectional filamentous interception net brush is made of a filamentous high-strength polyethylene (HDPE) material, is resistant to seawater corrosion, and has the advantages of flexibility and wave dissipation; the wire bundle of net brush penetrates the support steel pipe, later pours into grout into in the steel pipe, makes a plurality of wire bundle adhesive fixation on the bracing piece like this, becomes a whole, and the reinforced concrete structure that forms has the advantage that intensity is high.

(5) The coastal erosion prevention and control system disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the gravel covering area is formed by paving gravels with certain thickness and different sizes, so that the wave energy can be reduced, the wave impact and the erosion of the coast can be prevented, and particularly in a wave breaking zone with steep terrain and strong wave impact, the wave erosion can be effectively inhibited and the sea bed surface can be stabilized.

(6) The coast erosion prevention and control system provided by the invention has the advantages that the provided fold line-shaped one-way sand barrier is simple in structure and convenient to construct and maintain; under the condition of wind heading to the shore, the sand-carrying wind can be smoothly conveyed to the land direction through the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand-blocking barrier; under the condition of facing sea wind, the zigzag unidirectional sand barrier can block sand grains from passing through; the design of the one-way valve realizes that only sand can be transported to the shore, inhibits the transportation of the sand to the sea, ensures that the transportation quantity of the sea sand to the shore is greater than the loss quantity to the sea, realizes the siltation of the beach and reduces the occurrence of erosion; because the single-side sand accumulation is more, when the sand accumulation on the side of the sand barrier facing the shore reaches 2/3 of the height of the sand barrier, the upright post and the sand blocking net can be manually lifted, so that the aims of recycling the sand blocking net and the upright post, conveniently lifting the height of the sand barrier and prolonging the service life of the project can be realized, the cost is saved, and the aims of continuously lifting the earth surface and promoting silt to make the land are fulfilled.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a drawer-type accumulation cage net according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a coastal erosion control system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the fold-line-shaped unidirectional sand retaining wall in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the brush-shaped barrier in an open-close orientation in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the zigzag unidirectional sand barrier in fig. 2.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a drawer type accumulation catching cage; 11. a first/second collar; 2. a drawer-shaped accumulation catching net; 21. fixing the brazing rod in a hook shape; 22. a lockage rope; 3. a column; 4. a fold-line-shaped one-way sand retaining wall; 41. directional opening and closing brush-shaped fences; 411. a support bar; 412. a transverse connecting rod; 413. a net brush backup rod; 414. a wire-shaped interception net brush; 42. a barrier net; 43. a cement board; 5. a giant kelp planting area; 51. building blocks; 52. a breeding rope; 6. a fold-line-shaped unidirectional sand barrier; 61. a column; 62. a sand blocking net; 7. a highest tide line; 8. a sea bed surface; 9. a protected area; 10. a land surface; 12. a gravel footprint; 13. and (5) connecting the steel pipes.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed embodiment.

One aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a drawer-type accumulation cage net, including: more than one drawer type accumulation catching cage and accumulation catching net; a first opening and a second opening are respectively formed in one side surface facing the shore and one side surface facing the sea of the drawer type catching cage, and the first opening is larger than the second opening; the drawer type catching cage is fixed on the seabed through the catching cage fixing mechanism and is positioned in an intertidal zone, and the catching net is laid on the sea side of the drawer type catching cage and is connected with the drawer type catching cage into a whole.

In some preferred embodiments, the drawer-type capture cage mesh is located in a banded region in the intertidal zone and at a distance of 10m to 60m from the highest tide line.

In some preferred embodiments, the drawer-type containment cage network comprises a plurality of drawer-type containment cages arranged in parallel along a shoreline direction.

In some preferred embodiments, the drawer-type containment cage is sloped downwardly with the shoreside side of the drawer-type containment cage higher than the seaside.

In some preferred embodiments, the retaining means comprises a plurality of first collars disposed on opposite sides of the drawer-type capture cages, the first collars being adapted to receive the posts and retain the drawer-type capture cages on the seabed.

In some preferred embodiments, the drawer-type catch cage is provided with a plurality of second loops on the sea-facing side, the second loops being adapted to receive a connecting pipe therethrough, and the catch net is wrapped around and bound to the connecting pipe.

In some preferred embodiments, the edge part of the gathering net is also provided with a lockage rope, and the lockage rope is fixed on the seabed surface through a plurality of hook-shaped fixing drill rods.

In some preferred embodiments, the drawer-type entrapment cage is cast from concrete panels.

In some preferred embodiments, each drawer-type entrapment cage has a length along the shoreline of 1.5-2.5m, a width of 0.5-1m, and a height of the shoreline opening of 20-30cm and a height of the sea opening of 5-10cm.

The length of the accumulation screen in the direction of the shoreline depends on the number of accumulation cages, and in preferred embodiments a plurality of drawer-type accumulation cages are engaged by an accumulation screen.

In some preferred embodiments, the length of the catch net is 15-25m and the width perpendicular to the shoreline direction is 5-10m.

In some preferred embodiments, the length of the upright post is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter is 30-40mm, and the height of the exposed sea bed surface is 0.8-1.3m.

In some preferred embodiments, the post may include, but is not limited to, a galvanized steel tube.

In some preferred embodiments, the hook-shaped fixing pin is made of a steel bar, and the top portion is bent downward in a hook shape.

In some preferred embodiments, the hook-shaped fixing pins have a diameter of 2 to 3cm and a length of 70 to 90cm.

The drawer type accumulation catching cage net provided by the embodiment of the invention is designed in a one-way open manner, can effectively catch and store the sea sand returning to the sea, but does not influence the transmission of the sea sand to the shore, realizes that the supply of sediments to the shore is greater than the loss to the sea, and promotes the siltation of a shore line; when the accumulation net is filled with sea sand, the drawer type accumulation catching cage can be lifted upwards along the upright posts, and the hook-shaped fixing drill rods of the accumulation net are pulled upwards, so that the drawer type accumulation catching cage net is integrally lifted, the elevation of the ground surface is continuously increased, and the functions of shore line sedimentation and erosion prevention are realized.

The invention provides a coastal erosion prevention system, which comprises a giant kelp planting area, a zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking wall, a drawer-type accumulation-trapping cage net, a gravel coverage area and a zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking barrier which are sequentially arranged along the ocean direction to the land direction, wherein the giant kelp, the zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking wall, the drawer-type accumulation-trapping cage net, the gravel coverage area and the zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking barrier are respectively parallel to a coastline and are arranged in a plurality of ways.

In some preferred embodiments, the kelp planting area is distributed with a culture rope vertically arranged in a water area with the depth of 5-20m below the lowest tide level, and the culture rope is used for planting kelp.

In some more preferred embodiments, 15-20 artificially cultivated 15cm long kelp julians are clamped per 2m long cultivation rope.

In some more preferable embodiments, the diameter of the breeding rope is 3-4cm, the length of the breeding rope is 5-20m, and the bottom of the breeding rope is fixed on a building block buried in the seabed.

The kelp is 15-50 m in length, 80 m in length, is the largest seaweed of the whole world and is mainly distributed in the United states and the west coast of Mexico. The kelp has high economic value, can be used as feed and bait for livestock and fish, and even can be used as vegetable for eating; the giant kelp contains various amino acids, and can be used for extracting medicines, algin, mannitol, iodine, potassium and other chemical raw materials to produce fertilizers and the like; the kelp can generate combustible gas methane through fermentation, and can provide new energy for people; the water area in which the fish grows is also suitable for breeding various fishes, shrimps and shellfishes.

The life of the kelp is 4-8 years generally, the maximum life can reach 12 years, the kelp is one of the fastest-growing marine plants, and the kelp can rapidly grow at a speed of 60 centimeters per day. Most giant kelp can grow to several tens of meters. The kelp is favored to grow on the seabed rock with the rapid water depth and is positioned in the continental shelf sea area 5-20 meters deep below the low tide line. In a water area with high transparency, the survival depth can reach 30 meters, and the growth is most flourishing at 18-20 meters. The optimal water temperature for growth is 8-20 ℃.

The kelp giant kelp seaweed plants swing along with waves and ocean currents to form a spectacular submarine forest which can effectively slow down the impact of wave tides on a shoreline and is a natural breakwater. Can provide good inhabitation and bait-requesting places for the natural and cultured aquatic organisms near the shore, and promote the proliferation of marine organism resources and the sustainable development of an ecological system.

In some preferred embodiments, the zigzag unidirectional sand blocking walls are distributed in a strip-shaped area which is positioned in an intertidal zone and is 40-150 m away from the highest tide line; and the fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking wall comprises a plurality of cement boards which are arranged in a fold-line shape and are parallel to a coastline, a directional open-close type brush fence is arranged between every two adjacent cement boards on one side close to the shore, and a blocking net is arranged between every two adjacent cement boards on one side close to the sea.

In some preferred embodiments, the fold line type unidirectional sand blocking wall is vertically arranged.

In some preferred embodiments, 2-4 fold-line-shaped unidirectional sand-blocking walls are arranged in the intertidal zone.

In some preferred embodiments, the cement board has a height of 1.5-2m, a height of 0.8-1.3m from the surface of the sea bed, a width of 1-1.5m, and a thickness of 5-10cm.

In some preferred embodiments, the included angle between two adjacent cement boards is 70-90 degrees, and the distance is 10-20cm.

In some preferred embodiments, the directionally opening and closing brush-like barrier comprises two adjacent upright support bars, two wire-like intercepting net brushes and a plurality of net brush backing bars; each supporting rod is fixedly provided with a filamentous intercepting net brush, the filamentous intercepting net brush comprises a plurality of wire bundles distributed along the length direction of the supporting rod, each wire bundle extends to the middle part of the directional opening-closing type brush-shaped fence, any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes are arranged in parallel and partially overlapped, and a vertical net brush leaning rod is further arranged at the overlapped part of any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes and on one side facing the sea; when waves in the shore direction impact the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, the tail end of each wire bundle bends in the shore direction, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes are separated from each other, solid matters carried by the waves pass through the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, and when waves in the sea direction impact the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence, the tail end of each wire bundle is blocked by the corresponding net brush leaning rod, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes are kept in an overlapped state, and the solid matters carried by the waves are blocked from passing through the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence.

In some preferred embodiments, the support rods penetrate through the reinforcing steel bar fixing rings poured on the edges of the cement boards, and the lower portions of the support rods are embedded in the beaches and are vertically arranged.

In some preferred embodiments, the length of the support rod is 1.5m-2.0m, the diameter is 30mm-40mm, the height of the exposed sea bed surface is 0.8m-1.3m, and the distance between two adjacent support rods is 10-20cm.

In some preferred embodiments, the support rod may include, but is not limited to, a galvanized steel pipe.

In some preferred embodiments, the bundle of filaments is comprised of a plurality of HDPE filaments having a diameter of 1-2mm and a length of 12-19cm.

In some preferred embodiments, the bundle has a diameter of 10-20mm and a length of 12-19cm.

In some preferred embodiments, the distance between adjacent wire bundles on the same support rod is 10-20mm.

In some preferred embodiments, each bundle extends out of the support rods by a length of 9-16cm.

In some preferred embodiments, each bundle extends 3cm inside the support rod.

In some preferred embodiments, the length of the overlapping portion of any two adjacent filamentary intercepting net brushes is 4-6cm.

In some preferred embodiments, the bundle includes a plurality of filaments radially penetrating the support rod, and the plurality of filaments are fixed to the support rod by cement grout poured into the lumen of the support rod.

In some preferred embodiments, the lower portion of the net brush is embedded in the beach.

In some preferred embodiments, the length of the net brush rest is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter is 10-20mm, and the height of the exposed sea bed surface is 0.8-1.3m.

In some preferred embodiments, the mesh brush holder may include, but is not limited to, steel rebar or galvanized steel tubing.

In some preferred embodiments, two adjacent support bars and one net brush bar are further connected to each other via a plurality of transverse connecting bars to form a single body.

In some preferred embodiments, two adjacent supporting rods of the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence penetrate through a reinforcing steel bar fixing ring poured on the edge of the cement board, so that the two adjacent cement boards are connected and fixed.

In some preferred embodiments, the barrier net is made of HDPE mesh with a porosity of 20-35%.

In some preferred embodiments, the HDPE mesh is wound around two adjacent support rods, and the two adjacent support rods penetrate through the steel bar fixing ring cast on the edge of the cement board, so that the two adjacent cement boards are connected and fixed.

According to the fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking wall provided by the embodiment of the invention, due to the unique one-way opening and closing design of the directional opening and closing type brush-shaped fence, the opening and closing opening can be opened by the wave to the shore, and sediment such as sand grains are gathered along the cement board along with water flow and waves and enter the shore-facing side of the fence through the opening and closing opening; when the waves retreat to the ocean, the seawater can smoothly pass through the blocking net, but sand grains are blocked by the blocking net and the closed cement plate and are fixed on the shore side of the sand blocking wall, the opening and closing port of the brush-shaped fence is automatically closed, and the unidirectional wire-shaped blocking net brush of the fence allows the seawater to pass through but blocks the sand grains on the shore side of the fence and cannot be brought into the ocean; therefore, the process is a flexible process which can be opened and closed at any time along with surge, and the accumulation of sand particles on the surface of the sea bed is promoted.

In some preferred embodiments, the gravel covering area is laid near the highest tide line of the intertidal breaker zone, the thickness of the gravel covering area is 30-60cm, and the width of the zonal area covered by the gravel covering area is 5-20m.

In some preferred embodiments, the diameter of the gravel in the gravel-covered zone is 5-60cm.

The gravel covering area provided by the embodiment of the invention is formed by paving gravels with certain thickness and different sizes, can reduce wave energy, prevent wave impact and erosion of the coast, and can effectively inhibit wave erosion and stabilize the surface of the sea bed particularly in a broken wave zone with steep terrain and strong wave impact.

In some preferred embodiments, the zigzag unidirectional sand-blocking barrier is arranged on a beach above a highest tide level line, and comprises a plurality of zigzag unidirectional sand-blocking nets arranged parallel to a coastline, and a stand column is arranged between two adjacent zigzag unidirectional sand-blocking nets.

In some preferred embodiments, the sand screen has a width of 2-4m, a height of 0.8-1.5m, and a porosity of 25% -35%.

In some preferred embodiments, the included angle between two adjacent sand blocking nets is 60-90 degrees.

In some preferred embodiments, the height of the columns is 1.5-2.2m and the height of the escape beach is 0.8-1.5m.

In some preferred embodiments, a distance is set between two adjacent columns on the shoreside side, the distance is 10-20cm, and two adjacent columns on the sea side are closely connected.

In some preferred embodiments, the columns may include, but are not limited to, concrete columns or log columns.

The zigzag unidirectional sand barrier provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenience in construction and maintenance; under the condition of wind heading to the shore, the sand-carrying wind can be smoothly conveyed to the land direction through the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand-blocking barrier; under the condition of facing to sea wind, the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand barrier can block sand particles from passing through; the design of the one-way valve realizes that the sand can only be transported to the shore, inhibits the sand transportation to the sea, ensures that the transporting amount of the sea sand to the shore is larger than the loss amount to the sea, realizes the beach siltation and reduces the occurrence of erosion; because the single-side sand accumulation is more, when the sand accumulation on the side of the sand barrier facing the shore reaches 2/3 of the height of the sand barrier, the upright post and the sand blocking net can be manually lifted, so that the aims of recycling the sand blocking net and the upright post, conveniently lifting the height of the sand barrier and prolonging the service life of the project can be realized, the cost is saved, and the aims of continuously lifting the earth surface and promoting silt to make the land are fulfilled.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a drawer-type catch basin net, comprising more than one drawer-type catch basin 1 and catch basin 2; a first opening and a second opening are respectively arranged on one side surface facing the shore and one side surface facing the sea of the drawer type catching cage 1, and the first opening is larger than the second opening; the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1 is fixed on the seabed by the accumulation catching cage fixing mechanism and is positioned in an intertidal zone, and the accumulation catching net 2 is laid on the sea side of the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1 and is connected with the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1 into a whole.

In the implementation process, the drawer type accumulation catching cage is arranged in a strip-shaped area which is between the intertidal zone and 10-60 m away from the highest tide level, the top surface of the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1 is downwards inclined, so that the shoreside side of the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1 is higher than the sea side; the accumulation catching cage fixing mechanism comprises a plurality of first lantern rings 11 arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1, and the first lantern rings 11 can be used for allowing the stand column to penetrate through and fixing the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1 on the seabed; a plurality of second sleeves 11 are arranged on the sea side surface of the drawer type accumulation catching cage 1, connecting pipes 13 can penetrate through the second sleeves 11, and the accumulation catching net 2 is wound and bound on the connecting pipes 13; the edge part of the catch net 2 is also provided with a lockstitching rope 22, and the lockstitching rope 22 is fixed on the sea bed surface through a plurality of hook-shaped fixing brazes 21.

In the embodiment, the drawer-type accumulation catching cages 1 are formed by pouring cement boards, the length of each drawer-type accumulation catching cage 1 along the direction of a shore line is 1.5-2.5m, the width of each drawer-type accumulation catching cage is 0.5-1m, the height of an opening facing the shore is 20-30cm, and the height of an opening facing the sea is 5-10cm; the length of the accumulation catching net 2 along the shore line direction is determined according to the number of the accumulation catching cages 1, generally, one accumulation catching net 2 is arranged on ten drawer type accumulation catching cages 1, the length of the accumulation catching net 2 is 15-25m, and the width of the accumulation catching net 2 perpendicular to the shore line direction is 5-10m; the length of the upright post 3 is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter is 30-40mm, and the height of the exposed sea bed surface is 0.8-1.3m; the upright post 3 is made of galvanized steel pipe, the hook-shaped fixing brazes 21 are made of steel bars, and the tops of the hook-shaped fixing brazes are bent downwards to form hook shapes; the diameter of the hook-shaped fixing rod 21 is 2-3cm, and the length is 70-90cm.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a coastal erosion prevention system, which includes a macroalgae growing area 5, a polygonal one-way sand-blocking wall 4, the drawer-type accumulation-capturing cage net of embodiment 1, a gravel coverage area 12, and a polygonal one-way sand-blocking barrier 6, which are sequentially arranged along a sea direction toward a land direction, wherein the macroalgae growing area 5, the polygonal one-way sand-blocking wall 4, the drawer-type accumulation-capturing cage net, the gravel coverage area 12, and the polygonal one-way sand-blocking barrier 6 are respectively parallel to a coastline and are arranged in multiple ways.

In the embodiment, the kelp planting area 5 is planted by the culture ropes 52 vertically arranged in the water area with the depth of 5-20m below the lowest tide level, and 15-20 artificially cultured 15 cm-long kelp young algae are respectively clamped by every 2 m-long culture rope; the diameter of the breeding rope 52 is 3-4cm, the length is 5-20m, and the bottom of the breeding rope 52 is fixed on the building block 51 buried in the seabed.

The fold line-shaped unidirectional sand blocking walls 4 are distributed in a strip-shaped area which is positioned in an intertidal zone and is 740-150 m away from the highest tide level line; moreover, as shown in fig. 3, the fold-line-shaped unidirectional sand-blocking wall 4 comprises a plurality of cement boards 43 arranged in a fold-line shape parallel to the coastline, a directional open-close type brush-shaped fence 41 is arranged between two adjacent cement boards 43 on the side close to the shore, and a blocking net 42 is arranged between two adjacent cement boards 43 on the side close to the sea; the fold-line-shaped one-way sand-blocking walls 4 are vertically arranged, and 2-4 fold-line-shaped one-way sand-blocking walls 4 are arranged in the intertidal zone; the height of the cement plate 43 is 1.5-2m, the height of the leaked sea bed surface 7 is 0.8-1.3m, the width is 1-1.5m, and the thickness is 5-10cm;

the included angle between two adjacent cement boards 43 is 70-90 degrees, and the distance is 10-20cm.

In the specific implementation process, the specific structure of the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence 41, as shown in fig. 4, includes two upright supporting rods 411, two wire-shaped intercepting net brushes 414 and a plurality of net brush leaning rods 413; wherein, each supporting rod 411 is fixed with a filiform intercepting net brush 414, the filiform intercepting net brush 414 comprises a plurality of wire bundles distributed along the length direction of the supporting rod 411, each wire bundle extends to the middle part of the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence 41, any two adjacent filiform intercepting net brushes 414 are arranged in parallel and partially overlapped, and a vertical net brush leaning rod 413 is arranged at the overlapped part of any two adjacent filiform intercepting net brushes 414 and towards the sea side; when waves in the shore direction impact the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence 41, the tail end of each wire bundle bends in the shore direction, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes 414 are separated from each other, solid matters carried by the waves pass through the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence 41, and when waves in the sea direction impact the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence 41, the tail end of each wire bundle is blocked by the corresponding net brush leaning rod 413, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes 414 are kept in an overlapped state, and the solid matters carried by the waves are blocked from passing through the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence 41.

The lower parts of the supporting rods 411 are embedded in the mudflat and vertically arranged, the length of each supporting rod 411 is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter of each supporting rod is 30-40mm, the height of the supporting rod 411 exposed out of the sea bed surface 7 is 0.8-1.3m, the distance between every two adjacent supporting rods 411 is 10-20cm, each supporting rod 411 is a galvanized steel pipe, each wire bundle is composed of a plurality of HDPE (high-density polyethylene) thin wires, the diameter of each HDPE thin wire is 1-2mm, the length of each HDPE thin wire is 12-19cm, the diameter of each wire bundle is 10-20mm, the length of each wire bundle is 12-19cm, the distance between every two adjacent wire bundles on the same supporting rod 411 is 10-20mm, and the length of each wire bundle extending out of the supporting rod 411 is 9-16cm; the length of the overlapped part of any two adjacent filament-shaped intercepting net brushes 414 is 4-6cm, the filament bundle comprises a plurality of filaments which penetrate into the supporting rod 411 along the radial direction, and the plurality of filaments are fixed on the supporting rod 411 by cement paste poured into the inner cavity of the supporting rod 411.

The lower part of the net brush leaning rod 413 is embedded in the mud flat, the length of the net brush leaning rod 413 is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter is 10-20mm, the height of the exposed sea bed surface 7 is 0.8-1.3m, the net brush leaning rod 413 is made of steel bars or galvanized steel pipes, and the two supporting rods 411 and one net brush leaning rod 413 are further connected with each other through a plurality of transverse connecting rods 412 to form a whole; two adjacent support rods 411 of the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence 41 penetrate through the reinforcing steel bar fixing ring poured on the edge of the cement board 43, so that the two adjacent cement boards 43 are connected and fixed.

The barrier net 42 is made of HDPE net, the porosity is 20-35%, the HDPE net is wound and fixed on two adjacent support rods, and the two adjacent support rods penetrate through reinforcing steel bar fixing rings poured on the edges of the cement boards 43, so that the two adjacent cement boards 43 are connected and fixed.

The gravel covering area 12 is laid near the highest tide line 7 of the intertidal breaker zone, the thickness of the gravel covering area 12 is 30-60cm, the width of the zone covered by the gravel covering area 12 is 5-20m, and the diameter of gravel in the gravel covering area 12 is 5-60cm.

As shown in fig. 5, the fold-line-shaped unidirectional sand-blocking barrier 6 is arranged on the beach (land surface 10) above the highest tide level line 7, and the fold-line-shaped unidirectional sand-blocking barrier 6 comprises a plurality of sand-blocking nets 62 arranged in a fold-line shape parallel to the coastline, and a stand column 61 is arranged between two adjacent sand-blocking nets 62; the width of the sand blocking net 62 is 2-4m, the height is 0.8-1.5m, the porosity is 25% -35%, and the included angle between two adjacent sand blocking nets 62 is 60-90 degrees; the height of the upright post 61 is 1.5-2.2m, and the height of the leaking sand beach (land surface 10) is 0.8-1.5m; the distance between two adjacent upright columns 61 on the shoreside side is 10-20cm, the two adjacent upright columns 61 on the sea side are tightly connected, and the upright columns 61 can be cement columns or log columns.

According to the coastal erosion control system provided by the embodiment, in seawater, the giant kelp 5 can reduce the energy of ocean currents and waves in a deep water area, and promote the proliferation of marine biological resources and the sustainable development of an ecological system; the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand retaining wall 4 forms a unidirectional passing structure, so that sediment from the peripheral seabed continuously deposits on one side of the shore; the drawer type catching cage net can reduce the scouring effect of waves on the surface of the sea bed and promote the deposition of sea sand in the cage net; the gravel covering area 12 covers a main intertidal wave breaking zone, so that the wave scouring is effectively inhibited and the sea bed surface is stabilized; on the beach on the high tide line, the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand barrier 6 has simple structure and convenient construction and maintenance, can ensure that the shore-oriented conveying quantity of the sea sand is larger than the sea-oriented loss quantity, realizes the sand accumulation on the beach and reduces the occurrence of erosion; five measures with various functions are arranged in multiple ways parallel to a coastline according to the topographic conditions of the beach, and are combined with each other to form a coast erosion protection system, so that the supply of water sand and wind sand sediments to the shore is greater than the loss to the sea from a deep sea area to a land beach area, the siltation of the seabed and the beach is promoted, the elevation of the sea bed surface and the beach is continuously improved, the wave energy is weakened, and the occurrence of coast erosion is inhibited; especially for sandy shorelines and islands, the method is an effective measure for comprehensive treatment of water-sand and wind-sand near the shore.

The aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the present invention should be considered as illustrative in all respects and not intended to be limiting of the invention, the scope of which is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.

The use of headings and chapters in this disclosure is not meant to limit the disclosure; each section may apply to any aspect, embodiment, or feature of the disclosure.

Throughout this specification, where a composition is described as having, containing, or comprising specific components or where a process is described as having, containing, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that the composition of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and the process of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited process steps.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, use of the terms "comprising", "including", "having" or "having" is generally to be understood as open-ended and not limiting.

It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which particular actions are performed is not critical, so long as the teachings of the invention remain operable. Further, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.

In addition, the inventors of the present invention have also made experiments with other materials, process operations, and process conditions described in the present specification with reference to the above examples, and have obtained preferable results.

While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated any use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.

Claims (10)

1. A drawer-type accumulation catching cage net is characterized by comprising: more than one drawer type accumulation catching cage and accumulation catching net; a first opening and a second opening are respectively formed in one side surface facing the shore and one side surface facing the sea of the drawer type catching cage, and the first opening is larger than the second opening; the drawer type catching cage is fixed on the seabed through the catching cage fixing mechanism and is positioned in an intertidal zone, and the catching net is laid on the sea side of the drawer type catching cage and is connected with the drawer type catching cage into a whole.

2. The drawer-type catch basin net of claim 1, wherein: the drawer type accumulation catching cage net is arranged in a strip-shaped area which is in an intertidal zone and is 10-60 m away from the highest tide line;

and/or the drawer type catching cage net comprises a plurality of drawer type catching cages which are arranged in parallel along the direction of a shore line; and/or the top surface of the drawer type trapping cage is inclined downwards, so that the side of the drawer type trapping cage facing the shore is higher than the side facing the sea; and/or the accumulation catching cage fixing mechanism comprises a plurality of first lantern rings arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the drawer type accumulation catching cage, and the first lantern rings can be used for the upright posts to penetrate and fix the drawer type accumulation catching cage on the seabed; and/or a plurality of second lantern rings are arranged on the sea side surface of the drawer type accumulation catching cage, the second lantern rings can be used for a connecting pipe to pass through, and the accumulation catching net is wound and bound on the connecting pipe; and/or the edge part of the gathering net is also provided with a lockage rope which is fixed on the sea bed surface through a plurality of hook-shaped fixing drill rods.

3. The drawer-type catch basin net of claim 2, wherein: the length of the upright post is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter is 30-40mm, and the height of the exposed sea bed surface is 0.8-1.3m; and/or the upright post comprises a galvanized steel pipe; and/or the hook-shaped fixing anchor is made of a steel bar, and the top of the hook-shaped fixing anchor is bent downwards to form a hook shape; and/or the diameter of the hook-shaped fixing rod is 2-3cm, and the length of the hook-shaped fixing rod is 70-90cm.

4. The drawer-type catch basin net of claim 1, wherein: the drawer-type collecting cage is formed by pouring cement boards, and/or the length of each drawer-type collecting cage along the direction of a shore line is 1.5-2.5m, the width of each drawer-type collecting cage is 0.5-1m, the height of an opening facing the shore is 20-30cm, and the height of the opening facing the sea is 5-10cm;

and/or wherein a plurality of drawer-type catchment cages are fitted with a catchment net; and/or the length of the accumulation catching net is 15-25m, and the width perpendicular to the shoreline direction is 5-10m.

5. A coastal erosion prevention system is characterized by comprising a giant kelp planting area, a zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking wall, the drawer-type accumulation cage net according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a gravel coverage area and a zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking barrier which are sequentially arranged in the direction from the ocean to the land, wherein the giant kelp, the zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking wall, the drawer-type accumulation cage net, the gravel coverage area and the zigzag-shaped one-way sand-blocking barrier are respectively parallel to a coastline and are arranged in a plurality of ways.

6. The coastal erosion control system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the kelp planting area is provided with culture ropes vertically distributed in a water area with the depth of 5-20m below the lowest tide level, and the culture ropes are used for planting kelp; preferably, 15-20 artificially cultured 15 cm-long megalophyta juvenile algae are clamped in each 2 m-long breeding rope; preferably, the diameter of the breeding rope is 3-4cm, the length of the breeding rope is 5-20m, and the bottom of the breeding rope is fixed on a building block buried in a seabed.

7. The coastal erosion control system of claim 5, wherein: the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand blocking walls are distributed in a strip-shaped area which is positioned in an intertidal zone and is 40m-150m away from the highest tide level line; the zigzag unidirectional sand-blocking wall comprises a plurality of cement boards which are arranged in a zigzag shape and parallel to a coastline, a directional open-close type brush-shaped fence is arranged between every two adjacent cement boards on one side close to the shore, and a blocking net is arranged between every two adjacent cement boards on one side close to the sea;

and/or the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand blocking walls are vertically arranged; and/or 2-4 fold-line-shaped one-way sand blocking walls are arranged in the intertidal zone;

and/or the height of the cement board is 1.5-2m, the height of the surface of the leaked sea bed is 0.8-1.3m, the width is 1-1.5m, and the thickness is 5-10cm; and/or the included angle between two adjacent cement boards is 70-90 degrees, and the distance is 10-20cm.

8. The coastal erosion control system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence comprises two adjacent support rods which are vertically arranged, two wire-shaped intercepting net brushes and a plurality of net brush backing rods; each supporting rod is fixedly provided with a filamentous intercepting net brush, the filamentous intercepting net brush comprises a plurality of wire bundles distributed along the length direction of the supporting rod, each wire bundle extends to the middle part of the directional opening-closing brush-shaped fence, any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes are arranged in parallel and partially overlapped, and a vertical net brush leaning rod is further arranged at the overlapped part of any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes and on one side facing sea; when waves in the shore direction impact the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence, the tail end of each wire bundle bends in the shore direction, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes are separated from each other, solid matters carried by the waves pass through the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence, and when waves in the sea direction impact the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence, the tail end of each wire bundle is blocked by the corresponding net brush leaning rod, so that any two adjacent wire-shaped intercepting net brushes are kept in an overlapped state, and the solid matters carried by the waves are blocked from passing through the directional open-close type brush-shaped fence;

and/or the support rods penetrate through the reinforcing steel bar fixing circular rings cast at the edges of the cement boards and are vertically arranged; and/or the length of the support rod is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter is 30-40mm, the height of the exposed sea bed surface is 0.8-1.3m, and the distance between two adjacent support rods is 10-20cm; and/or the support rod comprises a galvanized steel pipe;

and/or the filament bundle consists of a plurality of HDPE filaments, the HDPE filaments have the diameter of 1-2mm and the length of 12-19cm; and/or the diameter of the silk bundle is 10-20mm, and the length is 12-19cm; and/or the distance between adjacent wire bundles on the same supporting rod is 10-20mm; and/or the length of each wire bundle extending to the middle part of the directional opening-closing brush-shaped fence is 9-16cm; and/or the length of each wire bundle extending inside the supporting rod is 3cm; and/or the length of the overlapping part of any two adjacent filamentous intercepting net brushes is 4-6cm; and/or the filament bundle comprises a plurality of filaments which penetrate into the supporting rod along the radial direction, and the plurality of filaments are fixed on the supporting rod by cement paste poured into the inner cavity of the supporting rod;

and/or the lower part of the net brush leaning rod is embedded in the mud flat, and/or the length of the net brush leaning rod is 1.5-2.0m, the diameter is 10-20mm, and the height of the exposed sea bed surface is 0.8-1.3m; and/or the net brush leaning rod comprises a steel bar or a galvanized steel pipe;

and/or two adjacent support rods and one net brush leaning rod are also connected with each other through a plurality of transverse connecting rods to form a whole;

and/or two adjacent support rods of the directional opening and closing brush-shaped fence penetrate through a reinforcing steel bar fixing ring poured on the edge of the cement board, so that the two adjacent cement boards are connected and fixed;

and/or, the barrier net is made of HDPE net, and the porosity is 20-35%; and/or the HDPE net is wound and fixed on the two adjacent support rods, and the two adjacent support rods penetrate through the reinforcing steel bar fixing circular ring poured on the edge of the cement board, so that the two adjacent cement boards are connected and fixed.

9. The coastal erosion control system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the gravel covering area is laid near the highest tide level line of the intertidal broken wave zone, the thickness of the gravel layer is 30-60cm, and the width of a belt-shaped area covered by the gravel layer is 5-20m; and/or the diameter of the gravel in the gravel-covered area is 5-60cm.

10. The coastal erosion control system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the fold line-shaped unidirectional sand-blocking barrier is arranged on a beach above the highest tide level line, and comprises a plurality of fold line-shaped sand-blocking nets arranged parallel to a coastline, and an upright post is arranged between two adjacent sand-blocking nets;

and/or the width of the sand blocking net is 2-4m, the height is 0.8-1.5m, and the porosity is 25% -35%; and/or the included angle between two adjacent sand blocking nets is 60-90 degrees;

and/or the height of the upright post is 1.5-2.2m, and the height of the leaking sand beach is 0.8-1.5m; and/or a distance is arranged between two adjacent upright columns at one side facing the shore, the distance is 10-20cm, and the two adjacent upright columns at one side facing the sea are tightly connected; and/or the upright column comprises a cement column or a log column.

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