CN115210917A - 层系统、具有该类型的层系统的流场板、以及燃料电池、电解槽或氧化还原流电池 - Google Patents

层系统、具有该类型的层系统的流场板、以及燃料电池、电解槽或氧化还原流电池 Download PDF

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CN115210917A
CN115210917A CN202180018242.1A CN202180018242A CN115210917A CN 115210917 A CN115210917 A CN 115210917A CN 202180018242 A CN202180018242 A CN 202180018242A CN 115210917 A CN115210917 A CN 115210917A
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titanium
field plate
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莫里茨·韦格纳
纳兹利姆·巴吉凡
埃德加·舒尔茨
拉迪斯劳斯·多布雷尼茨基
简·马丁·斯顿夫
罗米娜·贝克施泰特
吉万蒂·维维坎南坦
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于涂覆金属基板(2a)以形成流场板(2)的层系统(1)，该层系统包括：‑由金属氧化物制成的至少一个覆盖层(1a)；‑支承覆盖层(1a)的至少一个中间层(1b)；以及‑支承(一个或多个)中间层(1b)的下层(1c)；其中，所述覆盖层(1a)由铟锡氧化物形成；其中，所述铟锡氧化物可选地掺杂有来自包括碳、氮、硼、氟、氢、硅、钛、锡和锆的组中的至少一种元素；其中，所述至少一个中间层(1b)由钛氮化物和/或钛碳化物和/或钛碳氮化物和/或钛铌氮化物和/或钛铌碳化物和/或钛铌碳氮化物和/或铬氮化物和/或铬碳化物和/或铬碳氮化物形成；并且其中，所述下层(1c)由钛或钛‑铌合金或铬形成。本发明还涉及具有该类型的层系统(1)的流场板，并且涉及具有该类型的流场板(2，2')的燃料电池(10)、电解槽或氧化还原流电池。

Description

层系统、具有该类型的层系统的流场板、以及燃料电池、电解 槽或氧化还原流电池
技术领域
本发明涉及用于涂覆金属基板以形成流场板的层系统，该层系统包括由金属氧化物制成的至少一个覆盖层。本发明还涉及包括金属基板和这样的层系统的流场板。此外，本发明涉及包括至少一个这样的流场板的燃料电池、电解槽或氧化还原流电池。
背景技术
从DE 100 58 337 A1已知一种用于燃料电池或电解槽的流场板，其中在金属片材的至少一侧上形成有由金属氧化物制成的导电且耐腐蚀的保护涂层。金属氧化物特别地由来自包括锡、锌和铟的组的元素或合金的氧化物形成。
US 2018/0053948 A1描述了一种用于聚合物电解质燃料电池的隔离件。由铁素体不锈钢制成的隔离件具有铟锡氧化物涂层。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供用于流场板的改进的层系统并且提供这样的流场板。此外，本发明的目的是提出一种具有至少一个这样的流场板的燃料电池、电解槽或氧化还原流电池。
针对用于涂覆金属基板以形成流场板的层系统实现了该目的，形成了包括以下的层系统：由金属氧化物制成的至少一个覆盖层、支承覆盖层的至少一个中间层以及支承(一个或多个)中间层的下层，所述覆盖层由铟锡氧化物(ITO)形成，其中，铟锡氧化物可选地掺杂有来自包括碳、氮、硼、氟、氢、硅、钛、锡和锆的组中的至少一种元素，其中，至少一个中间层由钛氮化物和/或钛碳化物和/或钛碳氮化物和/或钛铌氮化物(TiNbN)和/或钛铌碳化物(TiNbC)和/或钛铌碳氮化物(TiNbCN)和/或铬氮化物(CrN)和/或铬碳化物(CrC)和/或铬碳氮化物(CrCN)形成，并且其中，所述下层由钛(Ti)或钛-铌合金(TiNb)或铬(Cr)形成。
该层系统的特征在于高的长期稳定性，同时具有高电导率和低成本，并且不使用贵金属。此外，层系统确保了对流场板的金属基材或基板的优异的腐蚀防护。
层系统优选地通过PVD或CVD工艺(PVD：物理气相沉积；CVD：化学气相沉积)制成。
在此特别优选的是由具有在70体积％至90体积％范围内的铟含量的铟锡氧化物制成的覆盖层。将特别优选赋予在75体积％至85体积％范围内的铟含量，其具有高导电率。
特别地，下层用作金属基板与至少一个中间层之间的粘合促进剂。此外，下层形成导电氧化物，并且因此为流场板的金属基板提供电化学腐蚀防护。下层优选地具有在1nm至300nm范围内的层厚度。
特别地，中间层还用作下层与覆盖层之间的粘合促进剂。此外，至少一个中间层还形成导电氧化物，并且因此为下层和流场板的金属基板提供电化学腐蚀防护。至少一个中间层还提供了对氢的屏障，使得氢无法在金属基板的方向上进行渗透并损坏金属基板。单个中间层的层厚度优选地在0.1μm至3.0μm范围内选择。然而，可以存在两个或更多个中间层。
覆盖层以机械方式保护下层和(一个或多个)中间层，并且使其免受腐蚀侵蚀。覆盖层特别地具有在0.01μm至15μm范围内、特别地在0.1μm至3μm范围内的层厚度。
根据本发明的包括下层、至少一个中间层和覆盖层的层系统优选地具有在0.1μm至20μm范围内的总厚度。
此外，已经证明以下情况是有用的：如果覆盖层掺杂有为至多35原子％、特别地在0.1原子％至10原子％范围内、特别优选地在1原子％至5原子％范围内的来自包括碳、氮、硼、氟、氢、硅、钛、锡和锆的组中的至少一种元素。在这种情况下，一种或多种掺杂元素结合在铟锡氧化物的氧化物晶格中。
在这种情况下，掺杂可以在覆盖层的层厚度上均匀地存在。替选地，(一种或多种)掺杂元素的量可以在覆盖层的自由表面的方向上增加，使得形成梯度层。一种或多种掺杂元素也可以以仅注入覆盖层的自由表面中的方式存在。
特别优选的是使用碳和/或硅掺杂覆盖层。特别地，氢仅存在于覆盖层的迹线中。
特别地，已经证明以下用于涂覆优选地由钢、特别地由奥氏体钢或奥氏体不锈钢制成的金属基板的层系统有利于形成流场板：
示例1：
下层：TiNb或Ti 层厚度：100nm
中间层：TiNbN 层厚度：300nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例2：
下层：TiNb或Ti 层厚度：100nm
中间层：TiNbCN 层厚度：300nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例3：
下层：TiNb或Ti 层厚度：100nm
1.中间层：TiNbN 层厚度：200nm
2.中间层：TiNbCN 层厚度：200nm
覆盖层：具有90体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例4：
下层：TiNb或Ti 层厚度：100nm
1.中间层： TiNbCN 层厚度：200nm
2.中间层：TiNbN 层厚度：200nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例5：
下层：TiNb或Ti 层厚度：100nm
中间层：TiN 层厚度：300nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例6：
下层：TiNb或Ti 层厚度：100nm
中间层：TiC和/或TiNbC 层厚度：300nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例7：
下层：TiNb或Ti 层厚度：100nm
中间层：TiCN 层厚度：300nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例8：
下层：Cr 层厚度：100nm
中间层：CrN和/或CrCN 层厚度：300nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
示例9：
下层：Cr 层厚度：100nm
中间层：CrC和/或CrCN 层厚度：300nm
覆盖层：具有80体积％铟含量的铟锡氧化物
层厚度：100nm
针对一种包括金属基板和根据本发明的层系统的流场板实现了该目的，其中该流场板具有按以下顺序的流场板的结构：
金属基板，
下层，
(一个或多个)中间层，
覆盖层。
这优选地为具有金属基板或金属承载板的流场板，所述金属基板或金属承载板优选地由刚制成，特别地由奥氏体钢或不锈钢制成。承载板可以设计成一个或更多个部分。
附图说明
图1至图3旨在通过示例的方式说明根据本发明的层系统、利用该层系统形成的流场板以及燃料电池。在附图中：
图1示出了具有层系统的流场板；
图2示意性地示出了包括多个燃料电池的燃料电池系统；
图3示出了穿过通过示例的方式示出的层系统的截面的放大图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有层系统1的流场板2，在此，流场板具有由奥氏体钢制成的金属基板2a或金属承载板。流场板2具有带有开口4的流入区3a和带有另外的开口4'的出口区3b，这些开口用于向燃料电池供应工艺气体以及从燃料电池中去除反应产物。流场板2还在每一侧上具有气体分布结构5，提供该气体分布结构用于与聚合物电解质膜7(见图2)接触。
图2示意性地示出了包括多个燃料电池10的燃料电池系统100。每个燃料电池10包括聚合物电解质膜7，该聚合物电解质膜与流场板2、2'的两侧相邻。与图1中相同的附图标记指示相同的元件。
图3示出了穿过根据图1的层系统1的截面。可以看出，存在覆盖层1a、中间层1b和下层1c。下层1c设置在层系统1的侧B上，该侧B被布置成面向流场板2的基板2a。覆盖层1a设置在层系统1的侧A上，该侧A被布置成背离流场板2的基板2a。替选地，层系统1也可以具有多个中间层1b。
附图标记列表
1 层系统
1a 覆盖层
1b 中间层
1c 下层
2，2' 流场板
2a 金属基板
3a 流入区
3b 出口区
4，4' 开口
5 气体分布结构
7 聚合物电解质膜
10 燃料电池
100 燃料电池系统
A 层系统1的背离基板2a的一侧
B 层系统1的面向基板2a的一侧。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于涂覆金属基板(2a)以形成流场板(2，2')的层系统(1)，包括由金属氧化物制成的至少一个覆盖层(1a)、支承所述覆盖层(1a)的至少一个中间层(1b)和支承所述中间层(1b)的下层(1c)，
其中，所述覆盖层(1a)由铟锡氧化物形成，其中，所述铟锡氧化物可选地掺杂有来自包括碳、氮、硼、氟、氢、硅、钛、锡和锆的组中的至少一种元素，
其中，所述至少一个中间层(1b)由钛氮化物和/或钛碳化物和/或钛碳氮化物和/或钛铌氮化物和/或钛铌碳化物和/或钛铌碳氮化物和/或铬氮化物和/或铬碳化物和/或铬碳氮化物形成，以及
其中，所述下层(1c)由钛或钛-铌合金或铬形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层系统(1)，其中，由铟锡氧化物制成的所述覆盖层(1a)具有在70体积％至90体积％范围内的铟含量。
3.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的层系统(1)，其中，所述下层(1c)具有在1nm至300nm范围内的层厚度。
4.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的层系统(1)，其中，所述至少一个中间层(1b)具有在0.1μm至3.0μm范围内的层厚度。
5.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的层系统(1)，其中，所述覆盖层(1a)具有在0.01μm至15μm范围内的层厚度。
6.根据前述权利要求中一项所述的层系统(1)，其中，所述覆盖层(1a)掺杂有为至多35原子％、特别地在0.1原子％至10原子％的范围内的来自包括碳、氮、硼、氟、氢、硅、钛、锡和锆的组中的至少一种元素。
7.一种包括金属基板(2a)和根据权利要求1至6中一项所述的层系统(1)的流场板(2，2')，所述流场板具有按以下顺序的所述流场板(2，2')的结构：
金属基板(2a)，
下层(1c)，
(一个或多个)中间层(1b)，
覆盖层(1a)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的流场板(2，2')，其中，所述金属基板(2a)由钢形成。
9.一种燃料电池(10)，所述燃料电池特别地为氧-氢燃料电池，或者电解槽或氧化还原流电池，所述燃料电池包括根据权利要求7或8所述的至少一个流场板(2，2')。
10.根据权利要求9所述的燃料电池(10)，包括至少一个聚合物电解质膜(7)。
CN202180018242.1A 2020-05-06 2021-04-16 层系统、具有该类型的层系统的流场板、以及燃料电池、电解槽或氧化还原流电池 Pending CN115210917A (zh)

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