CN115201635A - Multi-branch distribution network fault location method and device based on traveling waves - Google Patents
Multi-branch distribution network fault location method and device based on traveling waves Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault location method and a fault location device for a multi-branch power distribution network based on traveling waves, and relates to the technical field of power grid fault location; the device comprises a fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and a controller, wherein the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at an endpoint of a trunk line, and the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at an interval branch connection point; the method comprises the step of ranging, wherein the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device obtains the arrival time of the fault voltage traveling wave at the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, and the arrival time comprises a zero-mode time t 0 And alpha mode time t α Acquiring that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and acquiring the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α Calculating the time difference delta t to obtain the distance of the fault point; the fault point location in the branch line of the fault-free voltage traveling wave extraction device is realized through the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, the controller and the like which are arranged at intervals, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grid fault location, in particular to a multi-branch power distribution network fault location method and device based on traveling waves.
Background
In recent years, the traveling wave fault location technology has been developed greatly, and the fault location of two points in the power grid and one line can be accurate to ten meters. However, in the power distribution network, due to the complex network frame topological structure and various load types, the single fault positioning technology is difficult to apply. How to control the ranging cost while guaranteeing the fault ranging accuracy becomes a problem to be solved.
The authorized announcement number is CN 103901324B, and the name is a power distribution network hybrid line combined type distance measuring method based on single-ended fault information. The method can effectively extract the initial wave head and various reflected wave heads of the traveling wave in the fault, is applied to the occasions without double-end traveling wave ranging to realize accurate fault ranging, and overcomes the defect of fault ranging of the existing power distribution network hybrid line. On the basis of realizing fault location by current traveling waves, the voltage traveling wave location result is comprehensively considered, and the reliability and accuracy of location determination are improved.
The authorized announcement number is CN 109581149B, and the name is traveling wave distance measurement method and system under the mode that the arc suppression coils are connected with the small resistors in parallel and grounded. The mode of signal injection during live-line operation is adopted, one-time equipment investment is not required to be increased, the distance measurement can be completed by utilizing the existing small parallel resistors, the number of devices is required to be small, synchronous sampling is not required, the overall cost is reduced, and the accuracy of the distance measurement is remarkably improved.
In combination with the above two patent documents and the prior art solutions, the inventors have analyzed and found that the following technical problems exist in the prior art solutions. The current fault location adopts a multi-end traveling wave fault location method, and fault location devices are arranged at all branch points and at both ends of a main line. After a fault occurs, according to fault traveling waves acquired by each distance measuring device, a section positioning method is adopted to acquire the section where the fault point is located, namely, whether the fault point is located on a main line or a branch line is firstly acquired, then, a double-end traveling wave fault distance measuring method is utilized to judge the distance of the fault point of the main line, and a modulus wave velocity difference method is adopted to position the fault point of the branch line. According to the distance measurement method, all fault distance measurement devices are synchronously timed through the GPS, each fault distance measurement device respectively obtains the time when the fault traveling wave reaches the fault distance measurement device and calculates the distance between a fault point and the fault distance measurement device, the principle is simple, the distance measurement precision is high, the fault distance measurement device needs to be arranged at the branch point of each branch line, and the distance measurement cost is invisibly improved.
Problems and considerations in the prior art:
how to solve the technical problem that the power grid fault point distance measurement cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of fault location of a power grid fault point by providing a multi-branch power distribution network fault location method and device based on traveling waves.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a multi-branch distribution network fault location device based on traveling waves comprises a fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and a controller, wherein a distribution network is a trunk line with branch lines, the joints of the branch lines and the trunk line are branch connection points, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at the end points of the trunk line, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at the spaced branch connection points, and the controller is connected with and communicates with each fault voltage traveling wave extraction device.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is used for obtaining a fault voltage traveling wave and reaching the fault voltage traveling waveThe arrival time of the extraction device is sent to the controller, and the arrival time comprises zero module time t 0 And alpha mode time t α The controller obtains arrival time, obtains that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and obtains zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α The time difference deltat is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device comprises a first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and a second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, a branch connection point of one branch line and a trunk line is a second reference point on the trunk line, a first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged on one side of the second reference point, a second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged on the other side of the second reference point, the position of the first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device on the trunk line is a first reference point, the position of the second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device on the trunk line is a third reference point, the first reference point is an end point or a branch connection point of the trunk line, the third reference point is an end point or a branch connection point of the trunk line, and a line on the trunk line between the first reference point and the third reference point is the trunk line.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the distance measuring module is also used for calculating and obtaining the distance of the fault point by the controller according to the formula (3) and the formula (10),
Δt＝t 0 -t α (3)
in equation (3), the zero mode time t 0 The time when the zero mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device is unit s; time t of alpha mode α The time when the alpha mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device is unit s; Δ t is the zero-modulo time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α Time difference of (d), unit s;
in the formula (10), i is a reference point label, i takes on one or three, and ithThe reference point is a first reference point or a third reference point; l is i Calculating the distance from the fault point to the second reference point by taking the ith reference point as a ranging center, wherein the unit is m; v. of 0 Zero modulus wave velocity in m/s; v. of α Is the wave velocity of alpha modulus in m/s; Δ t being the zero-modulo time t 0 After the time t of alpha mode α Time difference to the ith reference point, in units of s; l i The physical length of the trunk line between the ith reference point and the second reference point is m.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and the distance measurement module is also used for calculating the distance of the fault point according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point by the controller.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the distance measuring module is further used for the controller to obtain a distance from a fault point taking the first reference point as a distance measuring center to the second reference point as a first fault distance, obtain a distance from the fault point taking the third reference point as a distance measuring center to the second reference point as a second fault distance, obtain an average value of the first fault distance and the second fault distance as a fault point distance, and divide the sum of the first fault distance and the second fault distance by 2.
A fault location method of a multi-branch distribution network based on traveling waves comprises the step of location, wherein the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device obtains the arrival time of the fault voltage traveling waves to the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, and the arrival time comprises a zero mode time t 0 And alpha mode time t α Acquiring that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and acquiring the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α The time difference Δ t of (a) is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point.
The further technical scheme is as follows: in the distance measuring step, the distance of the fault point is obtained through calculation according to the formula (3) and the formula (10), or the distance of the fault point is obtained through calculation according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point, or the average value of the first fault distance and the second fault distance is obtained and serves as the distance of the fault point.
A traveling wave based multi-branch power distribution network fault location device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the corresponding steps.
A traveling-wave based multi-branch power distribution network fault ranging apparatus includes a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the corresponding steps described above.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in:
a multi-branch distribution network fault location device based on traveling waves comprises a fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and a controller, wherein a distribution network is a trunk line with branch lines, the joints of the branch lines and the trunk line are branch connection points, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at the end points of the trunk line, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at the spaced branch connection points, and the controller is connected with and communicates with each fault voltage traveling wave extraction device. According to the technical scheme, fault point distance measurement in a branch line of the fault-free voltage traveling wave extraction device is realized through the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, the controller and the like which are arranged at intervals, and the cost is reduced.
The fault voltage traveling wave extraction device obtains the arrival time of the fault voltage traveling wave to the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, and the arrival time comprises a zero-mode time t 0 And alpha mode time t α Acquiring that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and acquiring the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α The time difference Δ t of (a) is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point. According to the technical scheme, fault point ranging in a branch line of the fault-free voltage traveling wave extraction device is realized through ranging steps and the like, and the cost is reducedThe method is as follows.
See detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a distribution diagram of a fault voltage traveling wave extraction apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of a multi-branch power supply model;
FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of a fault occurring in a distribution trunk line;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a distribution of faults occurring in branches with ranging devices;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of a fault occurring in a non-ranging device branch;
FIG. 6 is a distribution diagram of faults occurring at the end of a line;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a fault ranging method;
FIG. 8 is a data flow diagram of fault ranging;
FIG. 9 is a distribution diagram of an AE segment simulation model;
FIG. 10 is a distribution diagram of a section IB simulation model;
FIG. 11 is a first screenshot;
FIG. 12 is a second screen shot;
FIG. 13 is a third screen shot;
FIG. 14 is a fourth screen shot;
FIG. 15 is a fifth screenshot;
FIG. 16 is a sixth screen shot;
FIG. 17 is a seventh screenshot;
FIG. 18 is an eighth screen shot;
FIG. 19 is a ninth screen shot;
FIG. 20 is a tenth screenshot;
FIG. 21 is an eleventh screenshot;
FIG. 22 is a twelfth screenshot;
FIG. 23 is a thirteenth screen shot;
FIG. 24 is a fourteenth screen shot;
FIG. 25 is a fifteenth screenshot;
FIG. 26 is a sixteenth screenshot;
FIG. 27 is a seventeenth screen shot;
FIG. 28 is an eighteenth screenshot;
FIG. 29 is a nineteenth screenshot;
fig. 30 is a twentieth screenshot.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the application, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application, but the present application may be practiced in other ways than those described herein, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a fault location device for a multi-branch distribution network based on traveling waves, which comprises a fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, a controller and a location module, wherein when a distribution line is a trunk line, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is distributed at an end point of the trunk line, when the trunk line is provided with branch lines, the connection positions of the branch lines and the trunk line are branch connection points, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices are distributed at the branch connection points at intervals, and the controller is wirelessly connected with and communicates with each fault voltage traveling wave extraction device.
As shown in fig. 1, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device includes first to fourth fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices, the first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is installed at a first node, which is one end a of the trunk line, the fourth fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is installed at a sixth node, which is the other end B of the trunk line, the second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is installed at a third node, which is the E of the trunk line, the third fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is installed at a fifth node, which is the I of the trunk line, and the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is not installed at the second node, which is the D of the trunk line, and the fourth node, which is the H of the trunk line.
As shown in fig. 1, the controller calculates the distance to the fault point according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point, where the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point is the first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device or the third fault voltage traveling wave extraction device.
A branch connection point D of the first branch line CD and the trunk line is a second reference point on the trunk line, a first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is installed on one side of the second reference point, a second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is installed on the other side of the second reference point, a position a of the first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device on the trunk line is a first reference point, a position E of the second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device on the trunk line is a third reference point, the first reference point is an end point of the trunk line, the third reference point is a branch connection point of the trunk line, and a line on the trunk line between the first reference point and the third reference point is a trunk line AE.
The distance measurement module is a program module and is used for the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device to obtain the arrival time of the fault voltage traveling wave to the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and send the arrival time to the controller, and the arrival time comprises zero-mode time t 0 And alpha mode time t α The controller obtains arrival time, knows that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, calculates and obtains the distance of the fault point according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point, and obtains the distance of the fault point according to the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of alpha mode α The time difference deltat is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point. That is, the controller calculates according to the equations (3) and (10)And obtaining the distance of the fault point.
Δt＝t 0 -t α (3)
In equation (3), the zero mode time t 0 The time when the zero mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device is unit s; time t of alpha mode α The time when the alpha mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device is unit s; Δ t being the zero-modulo time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α Time difference of (c), unit s.
In the formula (10), i is a reference point label, i takes a value of one or three, and the ith reference point is a first reference point or a third reference point; l is i Calculating the distance from the obtained fault point to the second reference point by taking the ith reference point as a ranging center, wherein the unit is m; v. of 0 Zero modulus wave velocity in m/s; v. of α Is the wave velocity of the alpha modulus in m/s; Δ t being the zero-modulo time t 0 After the time t of alpha mode α Time difference to the ith reference point, in units of s; l i Is the physical length of the trunk line between the ith reference point and the second reference point, in m.
The controller is a single chip microcomputer, and the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, the single chip microcomputer and the corresponding communication connection technology are not described in detail in the prior art.
Example 2:
the invention discloses a fault location method for a multi-branch distribution network based on traveling waves, which is based on the device of embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device obtains the arrival time of the fault voltage traveling wave at the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and sends the arrival time to the controller, wherein the arrival time comprises a zero-mode time t 0 And alpha mode time t α The controller obtains arrival time, obtains that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and calculates the arrival time according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault pointObtaining the distance of the fault point, and controlling the controller according to the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α The time difference Δ t of (a) is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point. Namely, the controller obtains the distance of the fault point according to the calculation of the formula (3) and the formula (10).
Example 3:
the invention discloses a traveling wave-based multi-branch distribution network fault location device which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program, wherein the computer program is stored in the memory and can run on the processor, and the steps of embodiment 2 are realized when the processor executes the computer program.
Example 4:
the present invention discloses a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in embodiment 2.
Example 5:
With respect to the above embodiments, the controller may also be a computer.
Example 6:
example 6 differs from example 2 in that the controller is a computer by calculation by manual means.
The invention discloses a multi-branch power distribution network fault location method based on traveling waves, which comprises the following steps:
the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device obtains the arrival time of the fault voltage traveling wave at the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and sends the arrival time to the controller, wherein the arrival time comprises a zero-mode time t 0 And alpha mode time t α The controller obtains the arrival time and the staff gets throughThe over-controller knows the arrival time, knows that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and a worker calculates and obtains the distance of the fault point according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point, namely according to the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of alpha mode α The time difference deltat is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point. Namely, the distance between the fault points is calculated according to the formula (3) and the formula (10).
The purpose of the application is as follows:
aiming at the problems that the current power distribution network is complex in structure and various in fault location technology and cannot be generally suitable for various types of power supply networks, a novel fault location method and a configuration scheme of a traveling wave extraction device are provided, and the required number of the traveling wave extraction devices is reduced while the distance measurement precision is ensured.
Technical contribution of the present application:
a technical method for fault location and a configuration scheme of a traveling wave extraction device.
Description of the technical solution:
the current fault location adopts a multi-end traveling wave fault location method, namely fault location devices are arranged at all branch points and at both ends of a main line. After the fault occurs, judging a main line fault point by using a double-end traveling wave fault location method according to fault traveling waves acquired by each location device; and (4) positioning the fault point of the branch line by a modulus wave velocity difference method. The principle of the distance measuring mode is simple, the distance measuring precision is high, but a fault distance measuring device is required to be arranged at each branch point of each branch line and GPS synchronous time service is carried out on the fault distance measuring device, and the distance measuring cost is invisibly improved.
Fault voltage traveling waves are mostly non-grounded systems with neutral points in a power distribution network, and when a ground fault occurs, the current traveling waves are not obvious, the waveforms are smooth, and the waveforms are not easy to analyze, so that the fault voltage traveling waves are adopted.
Aiming at the current distance measurement scheme, a double-end-line zero-mode wave velocity difference based fault positioning method is provided.
As shown in fig. 2, a multi-branch power supply model is common in power grids.
As shown in FIG. 2, AB is the trunkThe lines CD, EF, GH and IK are branch lines on the trunk line. l 1 ～l 9 Different from the traditional method, the method is characterized in that voltage traveling wave extraction devices are arranged at four points A, E, I and B, namely voltage traveling wave extraction devices are arranged at the two sides of the line and at the end point of an interval branch line, and GPS synchronous time service is carried out. CD. GH is a branch line without a distance measuring device. The single-phase earth fault occurrence positions in the model are divided into the following four cases: faults in the trunk line include fault of a branch line containing the fault distance measuring device, fault of a branch line not containing the fault distance measuring device and fault of the tail end of the line.
According to the fault classification, the AB section power transmission line structure can be further refined into three sections: AE. EI and IB. A fault in section IB is only possible on the main distribution line due to the absence of a branch line. When a branch line is added to the section IB, the topological structure is the same as that of the previous two sections. The case of a missing branch for the end line will be demonstrated separately in the subsequent analysis. The AE and EI sections have three conditions for fault occurrence (AE/EI main line, EF/IK line including ranging device, CD/GH no ranging device branch), and the following is detailed analysis by taking the AE section as an example.
1) Failure occurs in the distribution main line
As shown in fig. 3, when a fault occurs in the AE section, i.e., the fault occurs in the case of the distribution main.
The traveling wave head is diverged to the distance measuring device from the fault point to two sides, the fault traveling waves of the traveling waves at the four positions A, E, I and B are analyzed, and the fault can be positioned in an AE section. If the traveling wave head is at T a When the time arrives at the end A first, the A is taken as the distance measuring center to carry out fault distance measurement, and the time point T recorded by the distance measuring device E closest to the A is utilized E And (4) performing calculation.
According to the double-end traveling wave fault location formula, the distance L of the fault distance according to the point A can be known 1 Is represented by formula (1):
in the formula (1), L 1 The distance from the fault point to the traveling wave extraction device at the position A is in unit of meter; t is A The unit s is the time when the fault traveling wave reaches the traveling wave extraction device at the position A; t is a unit of E The time when the fault traveling wave reaches the traveling wave extraction device at the E position is unit s; v. of α Is the wave velocity of the alpha modulus in m/s; l 1 The length is the physical length of the AD section of the transmission line, and the unit is m; and the unit is the physical length of the DE section transmission line.
In the formula (1), the wave velocity v of the alpha modulus α Is an important factor for ensuring the distance measurement precision. Therefore, the fault location is carried out by selecting the positive sequence voltage traveling wave of the fault voltage traveling wave subjected to Clarke transformation, namely, the alpha mode voltage traveling wave speed.
This method can be used to calculate the fault in other sections as long as the fault occurs in the main line. However, it should be noted that the farther the two distance measurement devices are separated, the more branches the fault traveling wave passes before reaching the distance measurement point, the generated traveling wave attenuation and loss may reduce the precision of the traveling wave fault distance measurement, and the measurement should be performed by using the nearest distance measurement point at the fault point as much as possible.
The content in step 1) can be directly simplified to a double-end ranging method, which is the prior art.
2) The fault occurring in a branch with a distance measuring device
As shown in fig. 4, when a power distribution branch (e.g., EF) containing a ranging device fails, a point of failure condition occurs.
And extracting fault traveling waves emitted by the fault point by using a traveling wave fault location device at the branch starting point E, and extracting positive sequence and zero sequence components, namely alpha modulus and zero mode components, of the voltage traveling waves by using a phase-mode transformation theory. Fault location is carried out by using modulus wave velocity difference method, and the distance from fault point to E end is assumed to be L 2 The distance measurement formula is as shown in formula (2):
in the formula (2), L 2 The distance from the fault point of the fault point to the traveling wave extraction device at the position E is in a unit of m; v. of α Is the wave velocity of the alpha modulus,the unit m/s; v. of 0 Zero modulus wave velocity in m/s; Δ t is the time difference, in units of s.
Δt＝t 0 -t α (3)
In the formula (3), t 0 The time when the zero mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device at the branch point E is the unit s; t is t α The time when the alpha mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device at the branch point E is unit s; the propagation speed of the linear mode, namely the wave speed of the alpha mode, is greater than the wave speed of the zero mode, and delta t is the time difference of the linear mode to the distance measuring point after the zero mode, and is unit s.
The content in step 2) can be directly simplified into a modulus wave speed difference distance measurement method, which is the prior art.
3) Branch with fault occurring without distance measuring device
As shown in fig. 5, when a power distribution branch (e.g., CD) without a distance measuring device fails, a point of failure condition occurs.
Because the branch starting point D is provided with the voltage traveling wave extraction device, the required fault traveling wave cannot be extracted, and the fault distance measurement devices on the two sides are required to be used for matching distance measurement.
After a fault occurs at a certain position on the branch CD, fault traveling waves firstly reach the end D and are transmitted to the two sides A and E. According to the principle of double-end traveling wave fault location, the fault distance measured by taking the point A as the location center is l 1 And the fault distance measured by taking the point E as the distance measurement center is l 3 . Although the absolute distances of the distance measurement are different, the distance measurement is only carried out to the branch point D, namely, only interval positioning can be carried out, the specific fault position point cannot be determined, and at the moment, fault positioning is carried out by using a double-end-line zero mode wave velocity difference method.
As shown in fig. 8, a is taken as a distance measurement center to receive the fault voltage traveling wave emitted from the fault point, phase-mode conversion and wavelet analysis are performed on the fault voltage traveling wave, the time for reaching the alpha-mode and zero-mode voltage traveling waves is extracted, and distance measurement is performed according to the traveling wave speeds of the alpha-mode and zero-mode voltage traveling waves.
The ranging formula is formula (4):
formula (5) is obtained after simplification:
in the formula (5), L 3 The distance from the fault point to the pivot point at the position D is calculated by taking the position A as a distance measuring center, and the unit is m.
Similarly, the fault distance obtained by performing fault location with the position E as the center is expressed by formula (6):
in formula (6), L 4 And calculating the distance from the obtained fault point to the traveling wave extraction device at the position D by taking the position E as a ranging center in a unit of m.
In order to improve the ranging accuracy, the final ranging result is the average value of the ranging result and the reference value, as shown in formula (7):
in the formula (7), L is an average value in m.
In the method, the fault distance measuring devices at the positions H and B can be used for measuring the distance, or the fault distance values obtained by the multipoint distance measuring devices are used for averaging to calculate more accurate fault positions, and detailed analysis is not needed.
The content in the step 3) is an innovation point which is equivalent to that the traveling wave extraction device at the tail end of the branch line is replaced by the traveling wave extraction devices at two sides.
4) The fault occurs at the end of the line
As shown in fig. 6, when the IB segment at the end of the line has a fault, since the line does not include a branch line, and both sides I and B have fault location devices, the fault location method can be simplified to the common double-end traveling wave fault location. And when the IB section at the line end has a fault, the fault point is the condition.
If the traveling wave head is at T B When the time arrives at the B end first, the B is taken as the distance measuring center to carry out fault distance measurement, and the measured fault distance L 5 Is represented by formula (8):
in formula (8), L 5 The distance from the fault point to the traveling wave extraction device at the position B is in a unit of m; t is B The time when the fault traveling wave reaches the traveling wave extraction device at the position B is unit s; t is I The unit s is the time when the fault traveling wave reaches the traveling wave extraction device at the position I; l 9 And the physical length of the IB section transmission line is in the unit m.
The traveling wave velocity used in the above calculation is also the α -mode wave velocity.
In summary, after the range finding device is used to determine the section, the failure point determining steps in four cases are as follows:
(1) When the fault occurs in the main line, the distance measuring device is used for recording the time of the traveling wave reaching the two sides, then the wave speed of the alpha mode is obtained, and the fault position can be obtained by using a double-end distance measuring formula.
(2) When a fault occurs in a branch line comprising a distance measuring device, the fault distance measuring device at the starting point of the branch is used for extracting voltage traveling waves and carrying out phase-mode conversion, and fault positioning is carried out according to a single-ended modulus wave velocity difference method.
(3) When a fault occurs in a branch line without a distance measuring device, firstly, fault section positioning is carried out on a main line by using a double-end distance measuring method; and after the fault point is positioned to the branch point, positioning the fault point by using any distance measuring point on two sides of the branch and adopting a double-end-line zero-mode wave velocity difference method. And performing phase-mode conversion on the fault traveling wave received at the distance measurement point, calculating the distance of the fault point according to the modulus wave velocity difference delta v and the time difference delta t, and finally subtracting the traveling wave transmission distance l on the trunk line to obtain the position of the fault point on the branch line.
(4) When the fault occurs at the tail end of the non-branched line, the line fault location is converted into the simple double-end traveling wave fault location because the section does not contain the branched line. The specific calculation method can be calculated by referring to the fault condition of the power distribution main line.
The distance measurement method in the step 4) is the same as that in the step 1), and double-end fault distance measurement is adopted.
As shown in fig. 7, the fault location method is simplified into a flowchart, and the double-end-line zero-mode differential wave speed fault location method is simplified into a flowchart.
Assuming that there are n branch lines in the medium-voltage distribution ring network, according to the configuration scheme of the traditional double-end traveling wave fault location device, namely, the tail end of each line is additionally provided with a location device, and n +2 location devices are needed. According to the distance measurement theory proposed herein, the configuration number expression of the distance measurement device is as follows (9):
in the formula (9), x is the number of the required distance measuring devices, and n is the number of the branch lines.
Compared with the traditional double-end traveling wave fault location method, the number of the location devices is almost halved while the accuracy of the traveling wave fault location is ensured, and the more branches, the more economical efficiency can be embodied.
Meanwhile, the subway medium-voltage distribution ring network ranging algorithm provided by the method has reference significance for ranging faults of other types of distribution networks. When the topological structure of the power supply network is more complex, if a plurality of slave branch lines exist in the main branch line, the topological structure can be decomposed, and each stage of branch lines can be configured with a fault distance measuring device according to the model and complete accurate positioning of faults.
In addition, the determination of the zero mode wave speed in the distance measurement method has a great influence on the distance measurement precision of the modulus wave speed difference method, the frequency variation characteristic of the zero mode wave speed is obvious, and great attenuation and loss are generated along with the increase of the distance of the power transmission line, which is also an important reason that the modulus wave speed difference method cannot be applied to the fault distance measurement of the long-distance line. Many solutions are proposed for this, such as combining the number of the li-wave values of the null-mode head, using an iterative algorithm, etc., but since the problem of the change of the null-mode wave velocity in the long-distance transmission process is not solved well due to the difficulty of calculation, the change of the null-mode wave velocity needs to be researched and calculated. In the metro medium-voltage distribution ring network, the length of the tail end branch is between hundreds of meters and kilometers, the application of the zero-mode wave velocity has practical significance, and practical verification is carried out in a later simulation test.
Fault simulation:
single phase fault simulation analysis
As shown in fig. 9, the simplified model, the AE section contains three fault cases.
As shown in FIG. 9, | 1 ＝5000m、l 2 ＝600m、l 3 ＝3000m、l 4 ＝700m。
As shown in FIG. 10, take IB block (line end). l. the 9 ＝3000m。
A fault simulation model for the fault simulation models shown in the figures 9 and 10 is built by utilizing a Matlab/simulink platform, the value of the transition resistance in the simulation model is set to be 200 omega, the initial phase angle of a power supply is set to be 0 degrees, and the simulation is carried out in a time interval: 0.0 s-0.1 s, sampling frequency of 5MHz, and single-phase earth fault occurrence time of 0.02s.
5.1 Single-phase Fault simulation
5.1.1 faults occur in the distribution backbone
Suppose that a B-phase single-phase earth fault occurs 3km from point a. Firstly, all distance measuring devices of the main line are used for carrying out section positioning, and a fault section is determined to be an AD section. And thirdly, positioning and ranging specific fault points according to the fault ranging devices at the points A and E.
As shown in fig. 11, the a-mode fault traveling wave is received at point a. As shown in fig. 12, the wavelet received at point a transforms the d1 waveform. The local amplification is carried out near a 0.02s mutation point of the d1 waveform, and the arrival time T of the alpha-mode fault traveling wave head is positioned A ＝0.020019s。
As shown in fig. 13, the alpha mode fault traveling wave received at point E. As shown in fig. 14, the wavelet received at point E transforms the d1 waveform. Positioning alpha mode fault traveling wave first wave head arrival time T E ＝0.020031s。
Selecting positive sequence modulus traveling wave velocity as T α ＝167.3×10 6 m/s, calculating the fault distance by using the formula (1), and obtaining the result:
the calculated result differs from the actual fault point 3000m by 170m, i.e. by an absolute error of 170m.
5.1.2 Fault occurrences in Branch with Range device
And (5) assuming that the fault occurs at a distance of 200m from the E point, ranging by using an E point fault ranging device.
As shown in fig. 15, the alpha mode fault traveling wave received at point E. As shown in fig. 16, the wavelet transform d1 waveform received at the point E. Positioning alpha-mode fault traveling wave first wave head arrival time T α ＝0.020002s。
As shown in fig. 17, a 0-mode fault traveling wave is received at point E. As shown in fig. 18, the wavelet received at point E transforms the d1 waveform. Positioning arrival time T of 0-mode fault traveling wave head 0 ＝0.020004s。
Selecting the wave velocity v of 0-mode traveling wave 0 ＝89.07×10 6 m/s. The distance to failure can be calculated according to formula (4) in 4.2.2:
the absolute error is 181m.
5.1.3 Branch where Fault occurs without ranging device
And (4) assuming that the B-phase single-phase ground fault occurs at a distance of 300m from the D point, and ranging by using a fault ranging device at the A point.
As shown in fig. 19, the a-mode fault traveling wave received at point a. As shown in fig. 20, the wavelet transform d1 waveform received at point a. Positioning alpha-mode fault traveling wave first wave head arrival time T α ＝0.020033s。
As shown in fig. 21, a point a receives a 0-mode fault traveling wave. As shown in fig. 22, the a-point receives a wavelet transform d1 waveform. Positioning 0-mode fault traveling wave first wave head arrival time T 0 ＝0.020060s。
The fault distance is calculated according to equation (6) as:
157m away from the actual fault occurrence point.
As shown in fig. 23, the E-point fault location device is used to perform ranging, and the received α -mode fault traveling wave is obtained.
As shown in fig. 24, the received wavelet transformed d1 waveform is measured by the E-point trouble distance measuring device.
Positioning alpha-mode fault traveling wave first wave head arrival time T α ＝0.020021s。
As shown in fig. 25, the traveling wave of 0-mode fault is received at point E. As shown in fig. 26, the E-point receives a wavelet transform d1 waveform. Positioning arrival time T of 0-mode fault traveling wave head 0 ＝0.02038s。
The fault distance is calculated according to equation (7) as:
the difference between the actual fault occurrence distance and the actual fault occurrence distance is 62m, and L is taken 3 And L 4 The mean of both is the final calculation result, i.e.
The absolute error is 109.5m, and the error of the ranging result meets the requirement.
5.1.4 line end failure
And (3) assuming that the A-phase single-phase earth fault occurs at a position 1km away from the point B, and ranging by using a fault ranging device at the points I and B.
As shown in fig. 27, the alpha mode fault traveling wave received at point I. As shown in fig. 28, a wavelet-transformed d1 waveform is received at the I point. Positioning time T of first wave head of alpha-mode fault traveling wave to I point I ＝0.020013s。
As shown in fig. 29, the α -mode fault traveling wave received at the point B is as shown in fig. 30, and the wavelet transform d1 waveform received at the point B. Positioning alpha mode fault traveling wave headTime T of arrival at B point B ＝0.020007s。
The distance is calculated according to equation (9):
the difference between the calculation result and the actual fault point 1000m is 2m, namely the absolute error is 2m. And selecting different fault points to continue the four fault simulation simulations, and summarizing the results to the table 1.
Table 1: single-phase fault simulation distance measurement calculation result table
In table 1, the fault distance is a distance from the ranging reference point.
As shown by the statistical data in Table 1, the absolute error of the ranging is the largest when the fault occurs in the branch without the ranging device, and the maximum error is 198m. This is because the zero mode wave velocity is unstable and attenuates relatively fast to the line mode wave velocity, and there is an error in the calculation process and the actual situation. Meanwhile, the traveling wave transmission process passes through the branch point, and the produced refraction and reflection can also influence the traveling wave transmission process.
5.2 interphase fault simulation analysis
5.1, the simulation of the single-phase high-resistance earth fault is completed aiming at four fault positions, and the fault distance and the distance measurement error are calculated. This section will perform a centralized analysis of simulation for other types of faults. The simulation process is similar to that in section 5.1, which is not described herein, and the simulation results are summarized and classified, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2: interphase fault simulation distance measurement calculation result table
Analyzing the simulation results of table 2 can lead to the following conclusions:
(1) The two-phase high-resistance earth fault can be positioned, and the maximum absolute error of the positioning result is 114m. The fault location method can not finish accurate location for two-phase interphase short circuit faults, three-phase high-resistance grounding and interphase short circuit faults, can only locate the faults of the main transmission line, and can only locate the faults occurring in the branch line to the branch point.
(2) When the two-phase interphase short-circuit fault occurs in the power transmission line branch, the fault positioning can not be carried out, because no zero-mode voltage traveling wave is generated during the interphase short-circuit fault, the zero-mode waveform wave head can not be identified.
(3) When a three-phase fault occurs, the vector sum of the zero-mode components of the three phases is zero, and the zero-mode voltage traveling wave amplitude is zero in a simulation result. This makes it impossible to perform zero mode waveform-head recognition and also to perform fault point localization in the branch. Like a two-phase interphase short-circuit fault, only the branch point can be detected in the actual fault location.
After the application runs secretly for a period of time, the feedback of field technicians has the advantages that:
1. a universal distance measurement method is provided for a complex power distribution network topological structure, and fault location can be performed for different types of power supply networks.
2. Reduce traveling wave extraction element nearly half, reduced the required cost of fault location greatly.
At present, the technical scheme of the invention has been subjected to a pilot plant test, namely a small-scale test of the product before large-scale mass production; after the pilot test is finished, the investigation for the use of the user is carried out in a small range, and the investigation result shows that the satisfaction degree of the user is higher; the preparation of products for official production for industrialization (including intellectual property risk early warning investigation) has been started.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a many branches distribution network fault location device based on travelling wave, distribution network are the trunk line that has the branch circuit, and the junction of branch circuit and trunk line is the branch tie point, its characterized in that: the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at an end point of a trunk line, the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged at an interval branch connection point, and the controller is connected with and communicates with each fault voltage traveling wave extraction device.
2. The traveling-wave based multi-branch power distribution network fault location apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is used for extracting fault voltage traveling waves from a fault voltage traveling wave, and the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is used for extracting fault voltage traveling waves from the fault voltage traveling wave 0 And alpha mode time t α The controller obtains the arrival time, obtains the fault point on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and obtains the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of alpha mode α The time difference Δ t of (a) is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point.
3. The traveling wave based multi-branch distribution network fault location apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device comprises a first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device and a second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, a branch connection point of one branch line and a trunk line is a second reference point on the trunk line, a first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged on one side of the second reference point, a second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device is arranged on the other side of the second reference point, the position of the first fault voltage traveling wave extraction device on the trunk line is a first reference point, the position of the second fault voltage traveling wave extraction device on the trunk line is a third reference point, the first reference point is an end point or a branch connection point of the trunk line, the third reference point is an end point or a branch connection point of the trunk line, and a line on the trunk line between the first reference point and the third reference point is the trunk line.
4. A traveling wave based multi-branch distribution network fault location apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the distance measuring module is also used for calculating and obtaining the distance of the fault point by the controller according to the formula (3) and the formula (10),
Δt＝t 0 -t α (3)
in equation (3), the zero mode time t 0 The time when the zero mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device is unit s; alpha mode time t α The time when the alpha mode reaches the traveling wave extraction device is unit s; Δ t is the zero-modulo time t 0 After the time t of alpha mode α Time difference of (d), unit s;
in the formula (10), i is a reference point label, the value of i is one or three, and the ith reference point is a first reference point or a third reference point; l is i Calculating the distance from the fault point to the second reference point by taking the ith reference point as a ranging center, wherein the unit is m; v. of 0 Zero modulus wave velocity in m/s; v. of α Is the wave velocity of the alpha modulus in m/s; Δ t being the zero-modulo time t 0 After the time t of alpha mode α Time difference to the ith reference point, in units of s; l. the i Is the physical length of the trunk line between the ith reference point and the second reference point, in m.
5. The traveling-wave based multi-branch power distribution network fault location apparatus of claim 2, wherein: and the distance measurement module is also used for calculating the distance of the fault point according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point by the controller.
6. The traveling wave based multi-branch distribution network fault location apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the distance measuring module is further used for the controller to obtain a distance from a fault point taking the first reference point as a distance measuring center to the second reference point as a first fault distance, obtain a distance from the fault point taking the third reference point as a distance measuring center to the second reference point as a second fault distance, obtain an average value of the first fault distance and the second fault distance as a fault point distance, and divide the sum of the first fault distance and the second fault distance by 2.
7. A multi-branch power distribution network fault location method based on traveling waves is characterized in that: the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device based on claim 1, comprising a ranging step, wherein the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device obtains the arrival time of the fault voltage traveling wave to the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device, and the arrival time comprises a zero-mode time t 0 And alpha mode time t α Acquiring that the fault point is positioned on a branch line between two adjacent fault voltage traveling wave extraction devices based on a section positioning algorithm according to the arrival time, and acquiring the zero-mode time t 0 After the time t of the alpha mode α The time difference deltat is calculated to obtain the distance of the fault point.
8. The traveling wave based multi-branch distribution network fault location method of claim 7, wherein: in the distance measuring step, the distance of the fault point is obtained through calculation according to the formula (3) and the formula (10), or the distance of the fault point is obtained through calculation according to the arrival time obtained by the fault voltage traveling wave extraction device closest to the fault point, or the average value of the first fault distance and the second fault distance is obtained and serves as the distance of the fault point.
9. A traveling wave based multi-branch power distribution network fault ranging apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: the processor when executing the computer program realizes the respective steps in claim 7 or 8.
10. A traveling-wave based multi-branch distribution network fault ranging apparatus comprising a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein: which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the respective steps of claim 7 or 8.
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| CN116754900A (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2023-09-15 | 国网山东省电力公司日照供电公司 | Fault distance measurement method, system, medium and equipment for distribution network with multiple undetectable branches |
| CN117929928A (en) * | 2024-03-21 | 2024-04-26 | 高唐县恒诚建筑工程有限公司 | Circuit updating and fault detection method, system and medium based on Internet of things |
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| CN116754900A (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2023-09-15 | 国网山东省电力公司日照供电公司 | Fault distance measurement method, system, medium and equipment for distribution network with multiple undetectable branches |
| CN116754900B (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2023-11-14 | 国网山东省电力公司日照供电公司 | Fault distance measurement method, system, medium and equipment for distribution network with multiple undetectable branches |
| CN117929928A (en) * | 2024-03-21 | 2024-04-26 | 高唐县恒诚建筑工程有限公司 | Circuit updating and fault detection method, system and medium based on Internet of things |
| CN117929928B (en) * | 2024-03-21 | 2024-06-07 | 高唐县恒诚建筑工程有限公司 | Circuit updating and fault detection method, system and medium based on Internet of things |
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