CN108896874A - A kind of fault positioning method for transmission line of end connection short-term road - Google Patents

A kind of fault positioning method for transmission line of end connection short-term road Download PDF

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CN108896874A
CN108896874A CN201810756249.3A CN201810756249A CN108896874A CN 108896874 A CN108896874 A CN 108896874A CN 201810756249 A CN201810756249 A CN 201810756249A CN 108896874 A CN108896874 A CN 108896874A
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fault
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CN108896874B (en
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梁睿
彭楠
徐皓远
叶开
周鲁天
孟祥震
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088Aspects of digital computing

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法。该方法需要在线路首端、中点和末端各布置一个电流行波测量点,但不要求精确同步。首先,利用线路两端模量行波时间差的绝对差值,结合波头极性,确定故障发生在短线路还是输电线路;其次,当故障发生在输电线路,利用线路两端模量行波到达时间差的比值,确定故障区段;最后,计算三个测量点线模电流行波前两个波头到达时间差,并和理论值比较,确定第二个波头的来源,采用前两个波头到达时间差与故障距离的关系实现精确测距。本发明无需各测量点精确同步,不受短线路、故障位置、故障电阻、故障初相角影响,具有较高的精度、可靠性。

The invention discloses a distance measurement method for transmission line faults whose terminals are connected with short lines. This method needs to arrange a current traveling wave measurement point at the head end, middle point and end of the line, but does not require precise synchronization. First, use the absolute difference of the modulus traveling wave time difference at both ends of the line, combined with the polarity of the wave head, to determine whether the fault occurs on the short line or the transmission line; secondly, when the fault occurs on the transmission line, use the modulus traveling wave at both ends of the line to arrive at The ratio of the time difference to determine the fault section; finally, calculate the arrival time difference of the first two wave heads of the line mode current traveling wave at the three measurement points, and compare with the theoretical value to determine the source of the second wave head, using the first two wave heads The relationship between the arrival time difference and the fault distance realizes accurate distance measurement. The invention does not require accurate synchronization of each measuring point, is not affected by short circuit, fault location, fault resistance, and fault initial phase angle, and has high precision and reliability.

Description

一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法A transmission line fault location method with short lines connected at the end

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及输电线路故障测量领域,尤其是一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法。The invention relates to the field of transmission line fault measurement, in particular to a method for distance measurement of a transmission line fault whose end is connected to a short line.

背景技术Background technique

随着近几年经济的快速发展,用电负荷的规模和数量在不断增加,某些地区的用电负荷可能集中在几个较小的区域中,这使得对其长距离输电的输电线路末端会接有数条较短的线路。末端接有短线路的输电线路的快速准确故障定位对于减少经济损失和提高系统可靠性具有重要意义。With the rapid economic development in recent years, the scale and number of power loads are increasing, and the power loads in some areas may be concentrated in several smaller areas, which makes the end of the transmission line for long-distance transmission There will be several shorter lines connected. Fast and accurate fault location of transmission lines terminated with short lines is of great significance for reducing economic losses and improving system reliability.

目前,输电线路故障定位方法可分为阻抗法和行波法。阻抗法利用故障距离与计算阻抗的关系进行故障定位,方法虽然简单,但是易受故障电阻、电弧等因素的影响。行波法一般是通过检测初始暂态行波首波头到达输电线路两端测量点的时刻,利用这些时刻与故障距离之间的内在逻辑关系进行故障定位,其定位精度高、不受电弧等因素影响,应用越来越广。近年来,随着信号处理技术的发展,行波法又得到了进一步地发展。Currently, transmission line fault location methods can be divided into impedance method and traveling wave method. The impedance method uses the relationship between the fault distance and the calculated impedance to locate the fault. Although the method is simple, it is easily affected by factors such as fault resistance and arc. The traveling wave method generally detects the moment when the head of the initial transient traveling wave arrives at the measurement points at both ends of the transmission line, and uses the internal logical relationship between these moments and the fault distance to locate the fault. Influenced by factors, the application is getting wider and wider. In recent years, with the development of signal processing technology, the traveling wave method has been further developed.

目前,末端接有短线路的输电线路故障测距存在的问题主要有:(1)很难判断故障发生在输电线路还是短线路上;(2)很难判断第二个行波反射波头的来源;(3)对于近端故障难以精确测距。因此研究原理简单、实用性强、可靠性高的末端接有短线路的输电线路故障测距方法不仅具有理论研究价值,而且对于工程实践具有重要的现实意义。At present, the main problems in fault location of transmission lines with short lines at the end are: (1) It is difficult to judge whether the fault occurs on the transmission line or the short line; (2) It is difficult to judge the source of the second traveling wave reflection wave head ; (3) It is difficult to accurately measure distances for near-end faults. Therefore, the fault location method of transmission lines with short lines at the end is not only of theoretical research value, but also has important practical significance for engineering practice.

发明内容Contents of the invention

发明目的:为了解决目前末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距所存在的问题,本发明提出一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法。Purpose of the invention: In order to solve the problems existing in fault location of transmission lines connected to short lines at the end, the present invention proposes a method for fault location of transmission lines connected to short lines at the end.

为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,该方法包括依次执行的步骤(1)至(7):A method for fault location of a transmission line whose end is connected to a short line, the method comprising steps (1) to (7) performed in sequence:

(1)在输电线路(不包含末端短线路)的首端、中点和末端分别设置一个测量点,记首端、中点、末端的测量点分别为Ps、Ph、Pr;假设故障发生在F1点,在输电线路的保护装置动作后,分别利用测量点Ps、Ph、Pr处安装的电流互感器提取电流行波信号,然后对提取的电流行波信号进行相模变换,得到相应的线模电流行波信号和零模电流行波信号;(1) Set up a measurement point at the head end, middle point and end of the transmission line (not including the end short line), record the measurement points at the head end, middle point, and end as P s , P h , P r respectively; suppose The fault occurs at point F1. After the protection device of the transmission line operates, the current traveling wave signals installed at the measurement points P s , P h , and P r are respectively extracted, and then the phase model of the extracted current traveling wave signals is carried out. Transform to obtain the corresponding line-mode current traveling wave signal and zero-mode current traveling wave signal;

(2)获取各测量点处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时刻,记测量点Ps处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时间差为Δts_F1,测量点Pr处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时间差为Δtr_F1(2) Obtain the arrival time of the head of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling waves at each measurement point, record the arrival time difference of the head of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling waves at the measurement point P s as Δt s_F1 , and the measurement point P The arrival time difference of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling wave head at r is Δt r_F1 ;

(3)根据步骤(2)的计算结果,计算Δts_F1和Δtr_F1差值的绝对值ΔtF1(3) According to the calculation result of step (2), calculate the absolute value Δt F1 of the difference between Δt s_F1 and Δt r_F1 :

ΔtF1=|Δts_F1-Δtr_F1|Δt F1 = |Δt s_F1 -Δt r_F1 |

(4)当故障发生在短线路中任意点F2时,理论上测量点Ps和Pr处线模、零模电流行波到达时间的差值为ΔtF2(4) When the fault occurs at any point F 2 in the short line, theoretically the difference between the arrival time of line-mode and zero-mode current traveling waves at measurement points P s and P r is Δt F2 :

其中,v1和v0分别为线模波速和零模波速,Ls-r为输电线路的长度;Among them, v 1 and v 0 are line-mode wave velocity and zero-mode wave velocity respectively, and L sr is the length of transmission line;

(5)确定故障发生位置,包括步骤:(5) Determining the location of the fault, including steps:

(5-1)判断ΔtF1与ΔtF2是否满足公式:(5-1) Judging whether Δt F1 and Δt F2 satisfy the formula:

|ΔtF1-ΔtF2|<δ|Δt F1 -Δt F2 |<δ

其中,δ为预先设定的阈值。Among them, δ is a preset threshold.

若满足,则判定故障发生在输电线路,执行步骤(5-3),否则执行步骤(5-2);If it is satisfied, it is determined that the fault occurs in the transmission line, and step (5-3) is executed, otherwise step (5-2) is executed;

(5-2)判断测量点Ps和Pr测得的线模行波首波头极性关系是否满足:(5-2) Judging whether the polarity relationship of the first wave head of the linear mode traveling wave measured at the measurement points P s and P r satisfies:

Ws=-Wr W s = -W r

其中,Ws和Wr分别表示测量点Ps和Pr处的线模行波初始波头极性因子;若满足,则判定故障发生在输电线路,转入步骤(5-3);若不满足,则判定故障发生在短线路,所述故障测距方法结束;Among them, W s and W r represent the initial wave head polarity factors of the linear mode traveling wave at the measurement points P s and P r respectively; if they are satisfied, it is determined that the fault occurs in the transmission line, and then go to step (5-3); if If it is not satisfied, it is determined that the fault occurs in a short circuit, and the fault location method ends;

(5-3)当判断出故障发生在输电线路上时,计算Δts_F1和Δtr_F1的比值,根据计算结果判断故障区段:(5-3) When it is judged that the fault occurs on the transmission line, calculate the ratio of Δt s_F1 to Δt r_F1 , and judge the fault section according to the calculation result:

进一步的,在当判断出故障发生在输电线路上后,根据步骤(5)的计算结果进行故障精确测距,包括步骤:Further, after it is judged that the fault occurred on the transmission line, the precise distance measurement of the fault is carried out according to the calculation result of step (5), including steps:

(a)记Ln-s和Lm-r分别为输电线路首端和末端所连接短线路中最短的线路长度,判断是否满足Ln-s≤Lm-r;若是,则转入步骤(b),否则,转入步骤(c);(a) Record L ns and L mr as the shortest line length among the short lines connected to the head end and the end of the transmission line respectively, and judge whether L ns ≤ L mr is satisfied; if so, go to step (b), otherwise, go to step (c);

(b)当故障发生在前半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:(b) When the fault occurs in the first half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

其中,xest为故障发生位置距离传输线路首端母线Bs的距离;ε为一个小的正数;ts、th和tr分别为测量点Ps、Ph和Pr处测得的线模电流行波前两个波头到达的时间差;Among them, x est is the distance between the location of the fault and the bus B s at the head end of the transmission line; ε is a small positive number; t s , t h and t r are measured at the measurement points P s , Ph and P r respectively The arrival time difference of the two wave fronts of the linear mode current traveling wave;

当故障发生在后半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:When the fault occurs in the second half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

(c)当故障发生在前半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:(c) When the fault occurs in the first half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

当故障发生在后半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:When the fault occurs in the second half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

进一步的,所述步骤(2)中通过Teager能量算子和离散小波变换相结合的波头识别方法得到各测量点处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时刻,包括步骤:Further, in the described step (2), obtain the arrival time of each measuring point place linear mode, zero-mode electric current traveling wave first wave head by the wave head recognition method that Teager energy operator and discrete wavelet transform combine, comprise steps:

①获取测量点处的线模电流行波信号;① Obtain the linear mode current traveling wave signal at the measurement point;

②采用db6小波,对所获得线模电流行波信号进行4层小波分解,提取d1层细节系数;②Use db6 wavelet to decompose the obtained line-mode current traveling wave signal into 4-layer wavelet, and extract d1 - layer detail coefficients;

③采用同样的母小波对d1层细节系数进行小波重构,得到相应的重构细节系数,记为:d[j]=[d1,d2,...,dk],其中j为原始线模电压行波信号的长度;③ Use the same mother wavelet to perform wavelet reconstruction on the detail coefficients of layer d 1 to obtain the corresponding reconstructed detail coefficients, recorded as: d[j]=[d 1 ,d 2 ,...,d k ], where j is the length of the original line-mode voltage traveling wave signal;

④计算该重构系数的Teager能量向量Te:④ Calculate the Teager energy vector Te of the reconstruction coefficient:

Te([d[j]])=d[j]2-d[j-1]·d[j+1]Te([d[j]])=d[j] 2 -d[j-1]·d[j+1]

在向量Te中,最大值元素对应的时刻即为首波头到达时刻T1,第二个局部极大值元素对应的时刻即为第二个波头到达时刻T2In the vector Te, the time corresponding to the maximum value element is the arrival time T 1 of the first wave, and the time corresponding to the second local maximum element is the arrival time T 2 of the second wave head.

进一步的,所述步骤(5)中,阈值δ的取值由下式和采样精度计算:Further, in the step (5), the value of the threshold δ is calculated by the following formula and sampling accuracy:

进一步的,所述步骤(5)中,电流行波首波头极性因子的计算步骤如下:Further, in the step (5), the calculation steps of the current traveling wave head polarity factor are as follows:

①获取输电线路首末端线模电流行波信号;① Obtain the line-mode current traveling wave signal at the head and end of the transmission line;

②以线模电流行波首波头到达时刻T1为起始时刻,向后取Ns个数据窗长度的信号作为原始行波首波头信号;②Take the arrival time T 1 of the head of the linear-mode current traveling wave as the starting time, and take the signal of N s data window length backward as the original head signal of the traveling wave;

③记取得的线路首端和末端线模电流行波首波头信号分别为Is(k)和Ir(k)(k=1,2,...,Ns);计算参考信号Iref(k)为:③Record the obtained line-mode current traveling wave head signals at the head end and end line mode current respectively as I s (k) and I r (k) (k=1, 2,..., N s ); calculate the reference signal I ref (k) is:

其中,e(k)为与Is(k)或Ir(k)长度相同的单位向量;Wherein, e(k) is a unit vector with the same length as I s (k) or I r (k);

④计算Iref(k)相应的差值信号:④ Calculate the corresponding difference signal of I ref (k):

其中,Isd(k)或Ird(k)分别为线路首端和末端线模电流行波首波头差值信号;Among them, I sd (k) or I rd (k) are respectively the head end and end line mode current traveling wave head difference signals;

⑤计算相应测点的线模电流行波首波头极性因子:⑤ Calculate the polarity factor of the line-mode current traveling wave head of the corresponding measuring point:

其中,w为相应测点的极性因子;Id(k)为相应测点的差值信号;sign()为符号函数。Among them, w is the polarity factor of the corresponding measuring point; I d (k) is the difference signal of the corresponding measuring point; sign() is the sign function.

进一步的,所述ε取采样频率1MHz下的最小采样间隔1μsFurther, the ε takes the minimum sampling interval of 1 μs at a sampling frequency of 1 MHz

有益效果:本发明无需各测量点精确同步,不受过渡电阻与故障初始角的影响,能快速、准确识别出故障区域,并进行故障精准定位,具有较高的可靠性和工程实践意义。Beneficial effects: the present invention does not require accurate synchronization of each measurement point, is not affected by transition resistance and initial fault angle, can quickly and accurately identify fault areas, and accurately locate faults, and has high reliability and engineering practice significance.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明流程图;Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present invention;

图2为末端连接短线路的输电线路的拓扑结构图;Fig. 2 is a topological structure diagram of a transmission line whose end is connected with a short line;

图3为末端连接短线路的输电线路行波传播路径图;Fig. 3 is a traveling wave propagation path diagram of a transmission line connected to a short line at the end;

图4为l1-2和l2-4发生近端故障线路首末端测点差值信号图。Figure 4 is a signal diagram of the difference signal at the head and end of the near-end fault lines of l 1-2 and l 2-4 .

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

一个典型的末端连接短线路的输电线路的拓扑结构如图2所示,本发明提出了一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,其整体流程如图1所示,包括如下步骤:The topology of a typical transmission line whose end is connected to a short line is shown in Figure 2. The present invention proposes a fault location method for a transmission line whose end is connected to a short line. The overall process is shown in Figure 1, including the following steps:

(1)在输电线路(不包含末端短线路)的首端、中点和末端分别设置一个测量点,记首端、中点、末端的测量点分别为Ps、Ph、Pr;假设故障发生在F1点,在输电线路的保护装置动作后,分别利用测量点Ps、Ph、Pr处安装的电流互感器提取电流行波信号,然后对提取的电流行波信号进行相模变换,得到相应的线模电流行波信号和零模电流行波信号;(1) Set up a measurement point at the head end, middle point and end of the transmission line (not including the end short line), record the measurement points at the head end, middle point, and end as P s , P h , P r respectively; suppose The fault occurs at point F1. After the protection device of the transmission line operates, the current traveling wave signals installed at the measurement points P s , P h , and P r are respectively extracted, and then the phase model of the extracted current traveling wave signals is carried out. Transform to obtain the corresponding line-mode current traveling wave signal and zero-mode current traveling wave signal;

(2)利用离散小波变换和Teager能量算子相结合的波头识别方法,获取各测量点线模、零模电流行波首波头到达时刻,计算测量点Ps和Pr处模量电流行波到达时间差Δts_F1和Δtr_F1(2) Use the wave head recognition method combining discrete wavelet transform and Teager energy operator to obtain the arrival time of the first wave head of the line mode and zero-mode current traveling wave at each measurement point, and calculate the modulus electric current at the measurement point P s and P r The arrival time difference Δt s_F1 and Δt r_F1 of the prevailing wave:

Δts_F1=ta_s-tz_s Δt s_F1 =t a_s -t z_s

Δtr_F1=ta_r-tz_r Δt r_F1 =t a_r -t z_r

其中,ta_s、tz_s和ta_r、tz_r分别代表在测量点Ps和Pr获取的线模、零模电压行波的实际到达时刻。Among them, t a_s , t z_s and t a_r , tz_r represent the actual arrival time of the linear-mode and zero-mode voltage traveling waves obtained at the measurement points P s and P r respectively.

(3)根据步骤(2)的计算结果,计算Δts_F1和Δtr_F1差值的绝对值ΔtF1(3) According to the calculation result of step (2), calculate the absolute value Δt F1 of the difference between Δt s_F1 and Δt r_F1 :

ΔtF1=|Δts_F1-Δtr_F1|Δt F1 = |Δt s_F1 -Δt r_F1 |

其中,Δts_F1和Δtr_F1分别是Ps和Pr处模量电流行波到达时间差。Among them, Δt s_F1 and Δt r_F1 are the arrival time difference of the modulus current traveling wave at P s and P r , respectively.

(4)当故障发生在短线路任意点F2时,理论上测量点Ps和Pr处线模、零模电流行波到达时间的差值为ΔtF2(4) When the fault occurs at any point F 2 of the short line, theoretically the difference between the arrival time of line-mode and zero-mode current traveling waves at measurement points P s and P r is Δt F2 :

其中,v1和v0为线模和零模波速,Ls-r是输电线路的长度。Among them, v 1 and v 0 are line-mode and zero-mode wave velocities, and L sr is the length of the transmission line.

(5)确定故障发生在输电线路而不是两端短线路的判据如下:(5) The criterion for determining that the fault occurs on the transmission line rather than the short line at both ends is as follows:

(a)比较ΔtF1与ΔtF2之间的差值:(a) Compare the difference between Δt F1 and Δt F2 :

|ΔtF1-ΔtF2|<δ|Δt F1 -Δt F2 |<δ

其中,δ为预先设定的正数,取值由下式和采样精度计算,在本实施例中取为44ps。Wherein, δ is a preset positive number, and its value is calculated by the following formula and sampling accuracy, and it is taken as 44 ps in this embodiment.

其中,v1和v0为线模和零模波速,其值分别取2.98×108m/s和2.8×108m/s。Ls-r是输电线路的长度,仿真中取200km。Among them, v 1 and v 0 are linear-mode and zero-mode wave velocities, and their values are 2.98×10 8 m/s and 2.8×10 8 m/s, respectively. L sr is the length of the transmission line, which is 200km in the simulation.

(b)计算测量点Ps和Pr处的线模行波首波头极性因子,判断两处的电流初始行波波头的极性是否满足下式关系:(b) Calculate the polarity factor of the line-mode traveling wave head at the measurement points P s and P r , and judge whether the polarity of the initial traveling wave head of the current at the two places satisfies the following relationship:

Ws=-Wr W s = -W r

其中,Ws和Wr代表测点Ps和Pr处线模电流行波首波头极性因子。Among them, W s and W r represent the polarity factors of the traveling wave head of the line-mode current at the measuring points P s and P r .

若测量点Ps和Pr处的模量时间差ΔtF1与ΔtF2满足判据(a)的关系,判断故障发生在输电线路上,若不满足,再利用判据(b),根据测量点Ps和Pr处线模电流行波首波头的极性判断故障位置,如果二者极性相反,故障发生在输电线路上,反之,故障发生在短线路上。If the modulus time difference Δt F1 and Δt F2 at the measurement points P s and P r meet the relationship of criterion (a), it is judged that the fault occurred on the transmission line; The polarity of the line-mode current traveling wave head at P s and P r judges the fault location. If the polarities of the two are opposite, the fault occurs on the transmission line, otherwise, the fault occurs on the short line.

(6)当判断故障发生在输电线路上时,计算Δts_F1和Δtr_F1的比值,利用以下判据判断故障区段:(6) When it is judged that the fault occurs on the transmission line, calculate the ratio of Δt s_F1 to Δt r_F1 , and use the following criteria to judge the fault section:

(7)假设输电线路两端连接短线路中,母线Bn-s、母线Bm-r和母线Bs之间的短线路为所有短线路中最短的两条,其长度分别为Ln-s和Lm-r,且Ln-s≤Lm-r。前半段线路上P1和P2为两个临界点,其中点P1和测量点Ps之间的距离等于Ln-s;点P2和测量点Ps之间的距离等于Lm-r。前半段线路被这两个临界点分为三个线路区段。(7) Assume that among the short lines connected at both ends of the transmission line, the short lines between bus B ns , bus B mr and bus B s are the shortest two of all short lines, and their lengths are L ns and L mr respectively, and L ns ≤ L mr . P 1 and P 2 are two critical points on the first half of the line, where the distance between point P 1 and measurement point P s is equal to L ns ; the distance between point P 2 and measurement point P s is equal to L mr . The first half of the line is divided into three line sections by these two critical points.

当故障发生在点P2和测量点Ph之间线路区段上任意一点F3(F3与测量点Ps之间的距离记为xa)时,由于xa>Lm-r,测量Ps和Pr处第二个线模电流行波波头为经母线Bn-s与Bm-r的反射波。此时,线路中间的测量点Ph处检测到的第二个行波波头为经母线Bs的反射波,可利用Ph处检测到的前两个线模行波波头计算故障位置;当故障发生在点P1和P2之间线路区段上任意一点F2(F2与测量点Ps之间的距离记为xb)时,由于Lm-r>xb>Ln-s,测量点Ps处检测到的第二个行波波头为经母线Bn-s的反射波;测量点Pr处检测到的第二个行波波头为经过对端母线Bs的反射波,可利用测量点Pr处检测到的前两个线模行波波头计算故障位置;当故障发生在测点Ps和点P1之间线路区段上任意一点F1(F1与测量点Ps之间的距离记为xc)时,由于xc>Ln-s,测量点Ps处检测到的第二个行波波头为经故障点F1的发射波;测量点Pr处检测到的第二个行波波头为对端母线Bs的反射波,测量点Ps和Pr处检测到的前两个线模行波波头都可用来计算故障距离。When the fault occurs at any point F 3 on the line section between point P 2 and measurement point P h (the distance between F 3 and measurement point P s is denoted as x a ), since x a > L mr , measure P The second line-mode current traveling wave head at s and P r is the reflected wave via bus B ns and B mr . At this time, the second traveling wave head detected at the measurement point Ph in the middle of the line is the reflected wave through the bus B s , and the fault location can be calculated by using the first two line-mode traveling wave heads detected at Ph ; when the fault occurs At any point F 2 on the line section between points P 1 and P 2 (the distance between F 2 and the measurement point P s is denoted as x b ), since L mr > x b > L ns , the measurement point P s The second traveling wave head detected at is the reflected wave through the bus B ns ; the second traveling wave head detected at the measuring point P r is the reflected wave passing through the opposite bus B s , which can be detected at the measuring point P r The first two line-mode traveling wave heads to calculate the fault position; when the fault occurs at any point F 1 on the line section between the measuring point P s and the point P 1 (the distance between F 1 and the measuring point P s is recorded as x c ), since x c > L ns , the second traveling wave head detected at the measurement point P s is the transmitted wave passing through the fault point F 1 ; the second traveling wave head detected at the measurement point P r is the opposite end The reflected wave of bus B s , the first two line-mode traveling wave heads detected at measurement points P s and P r can be used to calculate the fault distance.

所以,故障发生在前半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:Therefore, when the fault occurs in the first half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

其中,xest为故障发生位置距离传输线路首端母线Bs的距离;ε为一个小的正数,取采样频率1MHz下最小采样间隔1μs;ts、th和tr分别为测量点Ps、Ph和Pr处测得的线模电流行波前两个波头到达的时间差;Among them, x est is the distance between the location of the fault and the bus B s at the head end of the transmission line; ε is a small positive number, and the minimum sampling interval is 1 μs at a sampling frequency of 1 MHz; t s , t h and t r are the measurement points P The arrival time difference of the two front wave fronts of the line-mode current traveling wave measured at s , P h and P r ;

当故障发生在后半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:When the fault occurs in the second half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

若Ln-s≥Lm-r,故障发生在前半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:If L ns ≥ L mr , when the fault occurs in the first half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

若Ln-s≥Lm-r,故障发生在后半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:If L ns ≥ L mr , when the fault occurs in the second half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows:

上述方案中,行波波头识别通过Teager能量算子和离散小波变换相结合的波头识别方法实现,Teager能量算子是非线性的,它能够有效地反映信号幅值,频率和瞬时能量的显著变化。因此,本发明将离散小波变换和Teager能量算子结合起来,得到电流模量行波信号的到达时间,这与利用含有噪声的单小波变换相比,具有更好的效果。该方法的详细步骤如下:In the above scheme, the traveling wave head recognition is realized by the wave head recognition method combining Teager energy operator and discrete wavelet transform. Teager energy operator is nonlinear, which can effectively reflect the significant changes of signal amplitude, frequency and instantaneous energy. Therefore, the present invention combines the discrete wavelet transform and the Teager energy operator to obtain the arrival time of the current modulus traveling wave signal, which has a better effect than using the single wavelet transform containing noise. The detailed steps of this method are as follows:

①获取测量点线模电流行波信号;① Obtain the traveling wave signal of the line-mode current at the measurement point;

②采用db6小波,对所获得信号进行4层小波分解,提取d1层细节系数;② Use db6 wavelet to decompose the obtained signal into 4 layers of wavelets, and extract d 1 layer detail coefficients;

③采用同样的母小波对d1层细节系数进行小波重构,得到相应的重构细节系数,记为:d[j]=[d1,d2,...,dk],其中j为原始线模电压行波信号的长度;③ Use the same mother wavelet to perform wavelet reconstruction on the detail coefficients of layer d 1 to obtain the corresponding reconstructed detail coefficients, recorded as: d[j]=[d 1 ,d 2 ,...,d k ], where j is the length of the original line-mode voltage traveling wave signal;

④计算该重构系数的Teager能量向量Te:④ Calculate the Teager energy vector Te of the reconstruction coefficient:

Te([d[j]])=d[j]2-d[j-1]·d[j+1]Te([d[j]])=d[j] 2 -d[j-1]·d[j+1]

在向量Te中,最大值元素对应的时刻即为首波头到达时刻T1,第二个局部极大值元素对应的时刻即为第二个波头到达时刻T2In the vector Te, the time corresponding to the maximum value element is the arrival time T 1 of the first wave, and the time corresponding to the second local maximum element is the arrival time T 2 of the second wave head.

电流行波首波头极性因子的计算方法为:The calculation method of the current traveling wave head polarity factor is:

为了确定线路两端测量点电流行波首波头的极性,提出行波波头极性因子计算法。该算法根据行波首波头信号的差值信号积分求解出极性因子的符号以确定波头极性。具体方法步骤如下:In order to determine the polarity of the traveling wave head of the measured point current at both ends of the line, a calculation method of the polarity factor of the traveling wave head is proposed. The algorithm solves the sign of the polarity factor according to the difference signal integral of the traveling wave head signal to determine the wave head polarity. The specific method steps are as follows:

①获取线路首末端线模电流行波信号;① Obtain the traveling wave signal of the line-mode current at the beginning and end of the line;

②以电流行波首波头到达时刻T1为起始时刻,向后取Ns个数据窗长度的信号作为原始行波首波头信号。仿真中Ns取50。②Take the arrival time T1 of the current traveling wave head as the starting time, and take the signal of N s data window length backward as the original traveling wave head signal. N s is taken as 50 in the simulation.

⑧记取得的线路首端和末端行波首波头信号分别为Is(k)和Ir(k)(k=1,2,...,Ns)。根据下式计算参考信号Iref(k):⑧ Note that the traveling wave head signals obtained at the head end and end end of the line are I s (k) and I r (k) (k=1, 2, . . . , N s ) respectively. The reference signal I ref (k) is calculated according to the following formula:

其中,e(k)为与Is(k)或Ir(k)长度相同的单位向量。Wherein, e(k) is a unit vector with the same length as I s (k) or I r (k).

④计算相应的差值信号:④ Calculate the corresponding difference signal:

其中,Isd(k)或Ird(k)分别为线路首端和末端行波首波头差值信号。Wherein, I sd (k) or I rd (k) are the head difference signals of the traveling wave head and the end of the line respectively.

⑤计算相应测点的行波首波头极性因子:⑤ Calculate the polarity factor of the traveling wave head at the corresponding measuring point:

其中,w为相应测点的极性因子;Id(k)为相应测点的差值信号;sign()为符号函数。仿真验证Among them, w is the polarity factor of the corresponding measuring point; I d (k) is the difference signal of the corresponding measuring point; sign() is the sign function. Simulation

为了检验本发明的有效性与可靠性,在PSCAD/EMTDC上搭建末端连接短线路的输电线路仿真模型,末端连接短线路的输电线路行波传播路径如图3所示。输电线路总长为200km,系统基频为60Hz,电压等级为500kV。线路左右两端各带2条短线路,其长度分别为:L1-2=10km、L3-2=30km、L4-5=40km、L4-6=25km。输电线路采用符合实际的依频特性模型。导线和避雷线的型号分别为:4×LGJ-400/35和GJ-80。电源和变压器参数如图所示。仿真中,在线路首端母线2、中点和末端母线4处设置三个电流行波测量点(分别表示为P2、Pmid和P4),其采样频率为1MHz。这三个测量点将输电线路分为两段,第一段为P2和Pmid之间的线路段,第二段为Pmid和P4之间的线路段。故障相对测距误差er定义如下:In order to test the effectiveness and reliability of the present invention, a simulation model of a transmission line with a short line at the end is built on PSCAD/EMTDC, and the traveling wave propagation path of the transmission line with the short line at the end is as shown in Figure 3. The total length of the transmission line is 200km, the basic frequency of the system is 60Hz, and the voltage level is 500kV. There are 2 short lines at the left and right ends of the line, the lengths of which are: L 1-2 =10km, L 3-2 =30km, L 4-5 =40km, L 4-6 =25km. The transmission line adopts the actual frequency-dependent characteristic model. The models of wires and lightning conductors are: 4×LGJ-400/35 and GJ-80. The power supply and transformer parameters are shown in the figure. In the simulation, three current traveling wave measurement points (respectively denoted as P 2 , P mid and P 4 ) are set at the bus 2 at the head end, the middle point and the bus 4 at the end of the line, and the sampling frequency is 1 MHz. These three measurement points divide the transmission line into two sections, the first section is the line section between P2 and P mid , and the second section is the line section between P mid and P4 . The fault relative ranging error e r is defined as follows:

其中,xr为实际故障距离。Ls-r为输电线路总长度,其值为200km。Among them, x r is the actual fault distance. L sr is the total length of the transmission line, and its value is 200km.

为了验证提出方法的有效性,分别在母线1和母线2之间短线路距离母线2为2km、输电线路上距离母线1为2km、15km和50km处模拟单相接地故障,故障电阻为10Ω,故障初相角为90°。表1为在以上四个位置发生故障后,故障线路确定结果,l1-2和l2-4发生近端故障线路首末端测点差值信号如图4所示,其中,FLN表示故障线路;Δt2和Δt4分别为母线2和4处计算得到的模量电流行波到达时间差;l1-2和l2-4分别表示母线1和2之间的短线路及母线2和4之间的输电线路;FLDR代表故障线路定位结果;FD为故障点距离输电线路测量点P2的距离;CS1为确定故障发生在输电线路而不是两端短线路的判据符号;W为极性因子向量,包含两个元素,分别为测点P2和P4线模电流行波首波头极性因子。表2为输电线路l2-4上发生故障时故障测距结果。其中,LS1表示第一个线路段。t2、tmid和t4分别表示测量点P2、Pmid和P4处线模电流行波前两个波头到达时间差;CS2为故障精确测距方程的选择判据符号;FDC为计算的故障距离。所提出方法对于不同位置的故障,均能够精确计算出故障距离,不受线路两端短线路的影响。In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a single-phase ground fault is simulated at the short line between bus 1 and bus 2 at a distance of 2km from bus 2, and at the distances of 2km, 15km and 50km from bus 1 on the transmission line. The fault resistance is 10Ω, and the fault The initial phase angle is 90°. Table 1 shows the determination results of the faulty line after the faults occurred in the above four locations. The difference signals of the measuring points at the beginning and end of the near-end faulty line in l 1-2 and l 2-4 are shown in Figure 4, where FLN represents the faulty line ; Δt 2 and Δt 4 are the arrival time difference of the modulus current traveling wave calculated at bus 2 and 4, respectively; l 1-2 and l 2-4 represent the short line between bus 1 and 2 and the bus FLDR represents the location result of the fault line; FD is the distance between the fault point and the measurement point P2 of the transmission line ; CS 1 is the criterion symbol for determining that the fault occurs on the transmission line rather than the short line at both ends; W is the polarity The factor vector contains two elements, which are respectively the polarity factors of the traveling wave head of the line-mode current at the measurement points P 2 and P 4 . Table 2 shows the fault distance measurement results when a fault occurs on the transmission line 12-4. Among them, LS 1 represents the first line segment. t 2 , t mid and t 4 represent the arrival time difference of the two front wave heads of the line-mode current traveling wave at measurement points P 2 , P mid and P 4 respectively; CS 2 is the selection criterion symbol of the precise fault location equation; FDC is Calculated distance to fault. The proposed method can accurately calculate the fault distance for faults at different locations, and is not affected by short lines at both ends of the line.

表1故障线路确定结果Table 1 Determination results of fault lines

表2故障精确测距结果Table 2 Accurate fault location results

以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,其特征在于,包括依次执行的步骤(1)至(7):1. A transmission line fault distance measurement method with a terminal connected to a short circuit, characterized in that, comprising steps (1) to (7) performed sequentially: (1)在输电线路的首端、中点和末端分别设置一个测量点,记首端、中点、末端的测量点分别为Ps、Ph、Pr;假设故障发生在F1点,在输电线路的保护装置动作后,分别利用测量点Ps、Ph、Pr处安装的电流互感器提取电流行波信号,然后对提取的电流行波信号进行相模变换,得到相应的线模电流行波信号和零模电流行波信号;(1) Set a measurement point at the head end, middle point and end of the transmission line respectively, record the measurement points at the head end, middle point, and end as P s , P h , and P r respectively; assuming that the fault occurs at point F 1 , After the protection device of the transmission line is activated, the current traveling wave signals are extracted by the current transformers installed at the measuring points Ps, Ph , and Pr respectively, and then the phase-mode transformation is performed on the extracted current traveling-wave signals to obtain the corresponding line mode Current traveling wave signal and zero-mode current traveling wave signal; (2)获取各测量点处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时刻,记测量点Ps处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时间差为Δts_F1,测量点Pr处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时间差为Δtr_F1(2) Obtain the arrival time of the head of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling waves at each measurement point, record the arrival time difference of the head of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling waves at the measurement point P s as Δt s_F1 , and the measurement point P The arrival time difference of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling wave head at r is Δt r_F1 ; (3)根据步骤(2)的计算结果,计算Δts_F1和Δtr_F1差值的绝对值ΔtF1(3) According to the calculation result of step (2), calculate the absolute value Δt F1 of the difference between Δt s_F1 and Δt r_F1 : ΔtF1=|Δts_F1r_F1|Δt F1 =|Δt s_F1r_F1 | (4)当故障发生在短线路中任意点F2时,计算理论上测量点Ps和Pr线模、零模电流行波到达时间的差值为ΔtF2(4) When the fault occurs at any point F 2 in the short line, calculate the difference between the arrival time of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling waves at the theoretical measurement point P s and Pr as Δt F2 : 其中,v1和v0分别为线模波速和零模波速,Ls-r为输电线路的长度;Among them, v 1 and v 0 are line-mode wave velocity and zero-mode wave velocity respectively, and L sr is the length of transmission line; (5)确定故障发生位置,包括步骤:(5) Determining the location of the fault, including steps: (5-1)判断ΔtF1与ΔtF2是否满足公式:(5-1) Judging whether Δt F1 and Δt F2 satisfy the formula: |AtF1-ΔtF2|<δ|At F1 -Δt F2 |<δ 其中,δ为预先设定的阈值;Among them, δ is a preset threshold; 若满足,则判定故障发生在输电线路,执行步骤(5-3),否则执行步骤(5-2);If it is satisfied, it is determined that the fault occurs in the transmission line, and step (5-3) is executed, otherwise step (5-2) is executed; (5-2)判断测量点Ps和Pr测得的线模行波初始波头极性关系是否满足:(5-2) Judging whether the initial wave head polarity relationship of the line-mode traveling wave measured at the measurement points P s and P r satisfies: Ws=-Wr W s = -W r 其中,Ws和Wr分别表示测量点Ps和Pr处的线模电流行波首波头极性因子;若满足,则判定故障发生在输电线路,转入步骤(5-3);若不满足,则判定故障发生在短线路,所述故障测距方法结束;Among them, W s and W r represent the polarity factors of the line-mode current traveling wave head at the measurement points P s and P r respectively; if they are satisfied, it is determined that the fault occurs in the transmission line, and turn to step (5-3); If not satisfied, then it is judged that the fault occurs in the short circuit, and the fault location method ends; (5-3)当判断出故障发生在输电线路上时,计算Δts_F1和Δtr_F1的比值,根据计算结果判断故障区段:(5-3) When it is judged that the fault occurs on the transmission line, calculate the ratio of Δt s_F1 to Δt r_F1 , and judge the fault section according to the calculation result: 2.根据权利要求1所述一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,其特征在于,在当判断出故障发生在输电线路上后,根据步骤(5)的计算结果进行故障精确测距,包括步骤:2. according to claim 1, a kind of transmission line fault distance measurement method that terminal is connected with short circuit, it is characterized in that, after judging that fault occurs on transmission line, carry out accurate fault measurement according to the calculation result of step (5) distance, including steps: (a)记Ln-s和Lm-r分别为输电线路首端和末端所连接短线路中最短的线路长度,判断是否满足Ln-s≤Lm-r;若是,则转入步骤(b),否则,转入步骤(c);(a) Record L ns and L mr as the shortest line length among the short lines connected to the head end and the end of the transmission line respectively, and judge whether L ns ≤ L mr is satisfied; if so, go to step (b), otherwise, go to step (c); (b)当故障发生在前半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:(b) When the fault occurs in the first half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows: 其中,xest为故障发生位置距离传输线路首端母线Bs的距离;ε为一个小的正数;ts、th和tr分别为测量点Ps、Ph和Pr处测得的线模电流行波前两个波头到达的时间差;Among them, x est is the distance between the location of the fault and the bus B s at the head end of the transmission line; ε is a small positive number; t s , t h and t r are measured at the measurement points P s , Ph and P r respectively The arrival time difference of the two wave fronts of the linear mode current traveling wave; 当故障发生在后半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:When the fault occurs in the second half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows: (c)当故障发生在前半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:(c) When the fault occurs in the first half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows: 当故障发生在后半段线路时,故障精确测距方程如下:When the fault occurs in the second half of the line, the precise fault location equation is as follows: 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中通过Teager能量算子和离散小波变换相结合的波头识别方法得到各测量点处线模、零模电流行波首波头的到达时刻,包括步骤:3. the transmission line fault location method of a kind of terminal connection short line according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the described step (2), by the wave head identification method that Teager energy operator and discrete wavelet transform combine Obtain the arrival time of the line-mode and zero-mode current traveling wave head at each measurement point, including steps: ①获取测量点处的线模电流行波信号;① Obtain the linear mode current traveling wave signal at the measurement point; ②采用db6小波,对所获得线模电流行波信号进行4层小波分解,提取d1层细节系数;②Use db6 wavelet to decompose the obtained line-mode current traveling wave signal into 4-layer wavelet, and extract d1 - layer detail coefficients; ③采用同样的母小波对d1层细节系数进行小波重构,得到相应的重构细节系数,记为:d[j]=[d1,d2,...,dk],其中j为原始线模电压行波信号的长度;③ Use the same mother wavelet to perform wavelet reconstruction on the detail coefficients of layer d 1 to obtain the corresponding reconstructed detail coefficients, recorded as: d[j]=[d 1 ,d 2 ,...,d k ], where j is the length of the original line-mode voltage traveling wave signal; ④计算该重构系数的Teager能量向量Te:④ Calculate the Teager energy vector Te of the reconstruction coefficient: Te([d[j]])=d[j]2-d[j-1]·d[j+1]Te([d[j]])=d[j] 2 -d[j-1]·d[j+1] 在向量Te中,最大值元素对应的时刻即为首波头到达时刻T1,第二个局部极大值元素对应的时刻即为第二个波头到达时刻T2In the vector Te, the time corresponding to the maximum value element is the arrival time T 1 of the first wave, and the time corresponding to the second local maximum element is the arrival time T 2 of the second wave head. 4.根据权利要求3所述的一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中,阈值δ的取值由下式和采样精度计算:4. a kind of transmission line fault location method that end connects short circuit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, in described step (5), the value of threshold value δ is calculated by following formula and sampling accuracy: 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中,电流行波首波头极性因子的计算步骤如下:5. the transmission line fault location method of a kind of terminal connection short circuit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in the described step (5), the calculation steps of current traveling wave first wave head polarity factor are as follows: ①获取输电线路首末端线模电流行波信号;① Obtain the line-mode current traveling wave signal at the head and end of the transmission line; ②以线模电流行波首波头到达时刻T1为起始时刻,向后取Ns个数据窗长度的信号作为原始行波首波头信号;②Take the arrival time T 1 of the head of the linear-mode current traveling wave as the starting time, and take the signal of N s data window length backward as the original head signal of the traveling wave; ⑧记取得的线路首端和末端线模电流行波首波头信号分别为Is(k)和Ir(k)(k=1,2,...,Ns);计算参考信号Iref(k)为:⑧Remember that the line-mode current traveling wave head signals at the head end and end line mode current are respectively I s (k) and I r (k) (k=1, 2, ..., N s ); calculate the reference signal I ref (k) is: 其中,e(k)为与Is(k)或Ir(k)长度相同的单位向量;Wherein, e(k) is a unit vector with the same length as I s (k) or I r (k); ④计算Iref(k)相应的差值信号:④ Calculate the corresponding difference signal of I ref (k): 其中,Isd(k)或Ird(k)分别为线路首端和末端线模电流行波首波头差值信号;Among them, I sd (k) or I rd (k) are respectively the head end and end line mode current traveling wave head difference signals; ⑤计算相应测点的线模电流行波首波头极性因子:⑤ Calculate the polarity factor of the line-mode current traveling wave head of the corresponding measuring point: 其中,w为相应测点的极性因子;Id(k)为相应测点的差值信号;sign()为符号函数。Among them, w is the polarity factor of the corresponding measuring point; I d (k) is the difference signal of the corresponding measuring point; sign() is the sign function. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种末端连接短线路的输电线路故障测距方法,其特征在于:所述ε取采样频率1MHz下的最小采样间隔1μs。6 . The fault location method of a transmission line connected to a short line at the end according to claim 5 , wherein the ε takes a minimum sampling interval of 1 μs at a sampling frequency of 1 MHz. 7 .
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