CN104965151A - Fault distance detecting method based on voltage fault component of fault point - Google Patents
Fault distance detecting method based on voltage fault component of fault point Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault distance detecting method based on a voltage fault component of a fault point. The method comprises the following steps of firstly performing calculation to acquire a fault point voltage and the voltage fault component of the fault point; then setting up a quadratic equation with the fault distance as the unknown according to the principle that the fault point voltage and the voltage fault component of the fault point share the same phase; and further solving the equation to acquire the fault distance. The method which is suitably for line single-phase faults and inter-phase faults further has the characteristics of great practicality, high calculating precision and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power systems, and particularly relates to a single-end distance measurement method for short-circuit faults of a power transmission line.
Background
The power transmission line is a basic device for power generation, transmission, and the like in the power system, and plays a very important role in the power system. When the transmission line has a fault, if the fault cannot be timely removed or removed by mistake, the main system is greatly influenced, and serious accidents such as power grid disconnection, transformer override trip and the like are easily caused. The protection of high voltage/extra-high voltage lines is an important task of power transmission and is an important hub of a power system. They are extremely expensive in construction cost, once damaged due to a fault, have large overhauling difficulty and long time, and cause huge direct and indirect losses to national economy.
The single-end fault location method of the power transmission line only utilizes the electric quantity at one end of the power transmission line to locate the fault, does not need communication and data synchronization equipment, has low operation cost and stable algorithm, and is widely applied to the power transmission line. The method for measuring the single-end fault of the power transmission line mainly comprises a traveling wave method and an impedance method. The traveling wave method utilizes the transmission property of fault transient traveling waves to carry out single-end fault location, has high precision, is not influenced by an operation mode, transition resistance and the like, has high requirement on the sampling rate, needs a special wave recording device and has high application cost. The impedance method calculates the impedance of a fault loop by using the voltage and the current after the fault, carries out single-end fault location according to the characteristic that the length of a line is in direct proportion to the impedance, is simple and reliable, but the fault location precision is seriously influenced by factors such as transition resistance, load current and the like, and particularly when the transition resistance is large, the fault distance measurement result can be seriously deviated from the real fault distance due to the influence of the additional fault distance caused by the transition resistance, and even fault location failure occurs.
Chinese patent: the invention discloses a line interphase fault locating method without voltage memory before a fault, which is disclosed by the invention with the application publication number of CN104090212A and the publication date of 2014, 10, 8, and comprises the steps of firstly measuring two fault phase voltage break variables, two fault phase current break variables and normal phase voltages at the protection installation position of a power transmission line, calculating the fault interphase voltage of the power transmission line in normal operation by using the normal phase voltages, and then realizing the line interphase short-circuit fault single-end locating by using the characteristic that the amplitude of the voltage break variable of an interphase short-circuit fault point after the line fault is the maximum (namely, the amplitude of the fault interphase voltage of the power transmission line in normal operation) and monotonically decreases from the interphase short-circuit fault point to the two ends of the. Although the method does not need to memorize the voltage before the line fault, the relay protection hardware does not need to set a voltage holding loop before the line fault, but the method is only suitable for the line phase-to-phase fault, the application range is narrow, the fixed step length is substituted for comparison to solve, the calculation accuracy is not enough when the step length is large, and the calculation time is too long when the step length is small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of narrow application range, low calculation precision and low efficiency in the prior art, and provides a fault location method based on a fault point voltage mutation quantity, which is wide in application range, high in calculation precision and high in efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fault location method based on a fault point voltage break variable sequentially comprises the following steps:
step 1: the protection device samples voltage and current waveforms of a line transformer at the installation position of the protection device to obtain a voltage and current instantaneous value;
step 2: if the fault is a single-phase fault, the Fourier algorithm is adopted, and the fault phase current at the protective installation position is calculated according to the voltage current instantaneous value obtained by samplingProtecting phase voltages at installation sitesZero sequence current I in single-phase earth fault0The phasor form of (a); if the fault is interphase fault, adopting a Fourier algorithm to obtain a voltage current instantaneous value according to sampling to obtain fault interphase voltage at the protection installation positionProtection of fault phase-to-phase currents at installationsWherein,three phases a, b and c representing lines;
and step 3: the fault point voltage U' is found from equation 1:
U′＝U-IZlx formula 1
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Zlthe positive sequence impedance per kilometer, and x is the fault distance from the protection installation position to a short-circuit fault point;
if the fault is a single-phase fault, thenk is a zero sequence compensation coefficient;
if it is a phase-to-phase fault, then
And 4, step 4: firstly, N cycle sampling points before the fault and M cycle sampling points after the fault are taken, and then the method of the step 2 is adopted to calculate the fault phase/interphase voltage U at the protection installation position before the fault1Fault phase/interphase current I at pre-fault protection installation1Fault phase/interphase voltage U at post-fault protection installation2Fault phase/interphase current I at post-fault protection installation2Then, the method of step 3 is adopted to calculate the voltage U 'of the fault point after the fault'2Fault point voltage U 'before fault'1And finally obtaining U'1、U'2The voltage break amount Δ U' at the fault point is obtained by the equation 2:
ΔU'＝U'2-U'1formula 2
Wherein M, M are all positive integers;
and 5: substituting the U 'obtained in the step 3 and the delta U' obtained in the step 4 into the formula 3, and obtaining a quadratic equation of a unary about the fault distance x from the protective installation position to the short-circuit fault point by combining the formula 4, and further calculating the numerical value:
C＝1.0∠(180°-(ArgZl(+) formula 4
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Arg(Zl) And the system impedance angle is larger than the line positive sequence impedance angle, Im (-) is an imaginary part of the variable, Re (-) is a real part of the variable, and C is a vector with the amplitude being 1.
In the step 4, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than the failure duration frequency, and N is 1 or 2.
In the step 5, if the fault is a single-phase fault, the fault is-8 degrees to 0 degrees; if the phase-to-phase fault occurs, the angle is 0 DEG to +4 deg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the fault location method based on the fault point voltage break variable lists a quadratic equation with the unknown fault distance from the protective installation position to the short-circuit fault point by utilizing the phase relation between the two vectors of the fault point voltage break variable and the fault point voltage break variable. Therefore, the invention not only has wide application range, but also has high calculation precision and efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a line ground short fault according to the present invention.
In the figure, the fault phase current at the installation site is protectedProtecting phase voltages at installation sitesFault point voltage U', fault point current IfAnd a fault distance x from the protection installation to the short-circuit fault point.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
A fault location method based on a fault point voltage break variable sequentially comprises the following steps:
step 1: the protection device samples voltage and current waveforms of a line transformer at the installation position of the protection device to obtain a voltage and current instantaneous value;
step 2: if the fault is a single-phase fault, a Fourier algorithm is adopted according toSampling to obtain instantaneous voltage and current values to calculate fault phase current at protection installation positionProtecting phase voltages at installation sitesZero sequence current I in single-phase earth fault0The phasor form of (a); if the fault is interphase fault, adopting a Fourier algorithm to obtain a voltage current instantaneous value according to sampling to obtain fault interphase voltage at the protection installation positionProtection of fault phase-to-phase currents at installationsWherein,three phases a, b and c representing lines;
and step 3: the fault point voltage U' is found from equation 1:
U′＝U-IZlx formula 1
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Zlthe positive sequence impedance per kilometer, and x is the fault distance from the protection installation position to a short-circuit fault point;
if the fault is a single-phase fault, thenk is a zero sequence compensation coefficient;
if it is a phase-to-phase fault, then
And 4, step 4: firstly, sampling points of N cycles before failure and M cycles after failure, and then adopting the method in the step 2Method for calculating fault phase/interphase voltage U of protection installation position before fault1Fault phase/interphase current I at pre-fault protection installation1Fault phase/interphase voltage U at post-fault protection installation2Fault phase/interphase current I at post-fault protection installation2Then, the method of step 3 is adopted to calculate the voltage U 'of the fault point after the fault'2Fault point voltage U 'before fault'1And finally obtaining U'1、U'2The voltage break amount Δ U' at the fault point is obtained by the equation 2:
ΔU'＝U'2-U'1formula 2
Wherein M, M are all positive integers;
and 5: substituting the U 'obtained in the step 3 and the delta U' obtained in the step 4 into the formula 3, and obtaining a quadratic equation of a unary about the fault distance x from the protective installation position to the short-circuit fault point by combining the formula 4, and further calculating the numerical value:
C＝1.0∠(180°-(ArgZl(+) formula 4
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Arg(Zl) And the system impedance angle is larger than the line positive sequence impedance angle, Im (-) is an imaginary part of the variable, Re (-) is a real part of the variable, and C is a vector with the amplitude being 1.
In the step 4, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than the failure duration frequency, and N is 1 or 2.
In the step 5, if the fault is a single-phase fault, the fault is-8 degrees to 0 degrees; if the phase-to-phase fault occurs, the angle is 0 DEG to +4 deg.
The principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
the method is applied to high-voltage, ultrahigh-voltage and extra-high-voltage lines of a power system, and the influence of load current and grounding resistance on grounding distance protection is better eliminated according to the principle that the voltage break variable of a fault point and the voltage of the fault point are in the same phase. The specific calculation process is as follows:
the voltage sudden change quantity delta U' is equal to-I at fault pointfZΣ(IfAs fault point current, ZΣAs the total impedance seen from the fault point, i.e. the system equivalent impedance), and both single-phase fault and phase-to-phase fault belong to resistive grounding, i.e. the fault point current IfIn phase with the fault point voltage U ', so that U ' leads by Δ U ' (180-Arg (Z)Σ) Degree) to Arg (Z)Σ)＝Arg(Zl) +, wherein Arg (Z)l) The impedance angle of the line positive sequence is an angle that the system impedance angle is larger than the impedance angle of the line positive sequence;
let C equal to 1.0 angle (180 ° - (ArgZ)l(+)) then Arg (Δ U '. C) to Arg (U'), i.e., Δ U '. C, U', the two phasors are at equal angles, so their real part divided by the imaginary part are equal, the following equation can be set forth:
While
ΔU'＝U'2-U'1＝U2-I2Zix-(U1-I1Zix)＝(U2-U1)-(I2-I1)Zix＝ΔU-ΔIZlx，
U'＝U-IZlx
Wherein, delta U is a voltage sudden change before and after a fault, and delta I is a current sudden change before and after the fault;
equation 3 can become:
multiplying (1) by the other to obtain (2):
Re(ΔU.C)Im(U)-x.Re(ΔU.C)Im(IZl)-xRe(ΔIZlC)Im(U)+x2Re(ΔIZlC)Im(IZl)＝
Im(ΔU.C)Re(U)-x.Im(ΔU.C)Re(IZl)-xIm(ΔIZlC)Re(U)+x2Im(ΔIZlC)Re(IZl)
(2)
finishing the equation to obtain (3):
x2[Re(ΔIZlC)Im(IZl)-Im(ΔIZlC)Re(IZl)]+
x[Im(ΔU.C)Re(IZl)+Im(ΔIZlC)Re(U)-Re(ΔU.C)Im(IZl)-Re(ΔIZlC)Im(U)]+ (3)
Re(ΔU.C)Im(U)-Im(ΔU.C)Re(U)＝0
the above equation is a quadratic equation with x as an unknown number, and one of the quadratic equations is a reasonable solution, i.e. the fault distance from the protection installation to the short-circuit fault point.
M: in order to avoid the decay time of the DC component, M should be greater than or equal to 2.
Example 1:
the fault location method is used for carrying out fault location on the ground fault (the fault position is 350 kilometers, and the ground resistance is 100 ohms) of a certain line B according to the method, and the method is shown in figure 1;
the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step 1: the protection device samples voltage and current waveforms of a line transformer at the installation position of the protection device to obtain a voltage and current instantaneous value;
step 2: the Fourier algorithm is adopted to calculate the fault phase current at the protective installation position according to the voltage and current instantaneous value obtained by samplingProtecting phase voltages at installation sitesZero sequence current I in single-phase earth fault0In a phasor form of (a), wherein,b represents the b phase of the line;
and step 3: the fault point voltage U' is found from equation 1:
U′＝U-IZlx formula 1
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
k is the zero sequence compensation coefficient, ZlThe positive sequence impedance per kilometer, and x is the fault distance from the protection installation position to a short-circuit fault point;
and 4, step 4: firstly, sampling points of 1 cycle before fault and 2 cycles after fault are obtained, and then the method of the step 2 is adopted to calculate the fault phase voltage U at the protection installation position before fault1Fault phase current I at pre-fault protection installation1And a fault phase voltage U at the post-fault protection installation2Fault phase current I at post-fault protection installation2Then, the method of step 3 is adopted to calculate the voltage U 'of the fault point after the fault'2Fault point voltage U 'before fault'1And finally obtaining U'1、U'2Taking formula 2 to calculate the voltage break delta U' of the fault point;
ΔU'＝U'2-U'1formula 2
And 5: substituting the U 'obtained in the step 3 and the delta U' obtained in the step 4 into the formula 3, and obtaining a quadratic equation of a unary about the fault distance x from the protective installation position to the short-circuit fault point by combining the formula 4, and further calculating the numerical value:
C＝1.0∠(180°-(ArgZl(+) formula 4
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Arg(Zl) The line positive sequence impedance angle is an angle of which the system impedance angle is larger than the line positive sequence impedance angle, Im (-) is an imaginary part of a variable, Re (-) is a real part of the variable, and C is a vector of which the amplitude is 1;
because the impedance angle of the system is unknown, but is about the same as the impedance angle of the line and slightly larger than the impedance angle of the line, when a single-phase fault occurs, zero-sequence current exists, and the zero-sequence impedance angle of the line is smaller than the positive-sequence impedance angle of the line and can be set to be-6 degrees.
Solved to obtain x1＝-11，x2348. X is taken as2348, i.e., the fault location is 348 km from the protection installation, very close to 350 km from the actual location of the fault.
Example 2:
fault location is carried out on the AB phase-to-phase ground fault (the fault position is 350 kilometers, and the ground resistance is 50 ohms) of a certain line according to the method;
the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step 1: the protection device samples voltage and current waveforms of a line transformer at the installation position of the protection device to obtain a voltage and current instantaneous value;
step 2: adopting Fourier algorithm to calculate fault interphase voltage at protective installation position according to voltage and current instantaneous value obtained by samplingProtection of fault phase-to-phase currents at installationsWherein,a and b representing lines are alternated;
and step 3: the fault point voltage U' is found from equation 1:
U′＝U-IZlx formula 1
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Zlthe positive sequence impedance per kilometer, and x is the fault distance from the protection installation position to a short-circuit fault point;
and 4, step 4: firstly, sampling points of 1 cycle before fault and 2 cycles after fault are obtained, and then the method of the step 2 is adopted to calculate the fault phase-to-phase voltage U at the protection installation position before fault1Fault interphase current I at location of protection installation before fault1Fault interphase voltage U at fault post-protection installation2Fault phase-to-phase current I at fault post-protection installation2Then, the method of step 3 is adopted to calculate the voltage U 'of the fault point after the fault'2Fault point voltage U 'before fault'1And finally obtaining U'1、U'2Taking formula 2 to calculate the voltage break delta U' of the fault point;
ΔU'＝U'2-U'1formula 2
And 5: substituting the U 'obtained in the step 3 and the delta U' obtained in the step 4 into the formula 3, and obtaining a quadratic equation of a unary about the fault distance x from the protective installation position to the short-circuit fault point by combining the formula 4, and further calculating the numerical value:
C＝1.0∠(180°-(ArgZl(+) formula 4
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Arg(Zl) The line positive sequence impedance angle is an angle of which the system impedance angle is larger than the line positive sequence impedance angle, Im (-) is an imaginary part of a variable, Re (-) is a real part of the variable, and C is a vector of which the amplitude is 1;
in the case of phase-to-phase faults, the zero sequence current is not available, so that the value of +2 degrees can be obtained.
Solved to obtain x1＝-19，x2348. X is taken as2349, i.e. 349 km from the protection installation site and 350 km from the actual location of the faultAre often close.
The above embodiments show that the method of the present invention has high practicability and calculation accuracy.
Claims (3)
1. A fault location method based on a fault point voltage break variable is characterized in that:
the method sequentially comprises the following steps:
step 1: the protection device samples voltage and current waveforms of a line transformer at the installation position of the protection device to obtain a voltage and current instantaneous value;
step 2: if the fault is a single-phase fault, the Fourier algorithm is adopted, and the fault phase current at the protective installation position is calculated according to the voltage current instantaneous value obtained by samplingProtecting phase voltages at installation sitesZero sequence current I in single-phase earth fault0The phasor form of (a); if the fault is interphase fault, adopting a Fourier algorithm to obtain a voltage current instantaneous value according to sampling to obtain fault interphase voltage at the protection installation positionProtection of fault phase-to-phase currents at installationsWherein,three phases a, b and c representing lines;
and step 3: the fault point voltage U' is found from equation 1:
U′＝U-IZlx formula 1
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Zlthe positive sequence impedance per kilometer, and x is the fault distance from the protection installation position to a short-circuit fault point;
if the fault is a single-phase fault, then k is a zero sequence compensation coefficient;
if it is a phase-to-phase fault, then
And 4, step 4:firstly, N cycle sampling points before the fault and M cycle sampling points after the fault are taken, and then the method of the step 2 is adopted to calculate the fault phase/interphase voltage U at the protection installation position before the fault1Fault phase/interphase current I at pre-fault protection installation1Fault phase/interphase voltage U at post-fault protection installation2Fault phase/interphase current I at post-fault protection installation2Then, the method of step 3 is adopted to calculate the voltage U 'of the fault point after the fault'2Fault point voltage U 'before fault'1And finally obtaining U'1、U'2The voltage break amount Δ U' at the fault point is obtained by the equation 2:
ΔU'＝U'2-U'1formula 2
Wherein M, M are all positive integers;
and 5: substituting the U 'obtained in the step 3 and the delta U' obtained in the step 4 into the formula 3, and obtaining a quadratic equation of a unary about the fault distance x from the protective installation position to the short-circuit fault point by combining the formula 4, and further calculating the numerical value:
C＝1.0∠(180°-(ArgZl(+) formula 4
In the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
Arg(Zl) And the system impedance angle is larger than the line positive sequence impedance angle, Im (-) is an imaginary part of the variable, Re (-) is a real part of the variable, and C is a vector with the amplitude being 1.
2. The fault location method based on the voltage break variable of the fault point according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step 4, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and less than the failure duration frequency, and N is 1 or 2.
3. The fault location method based on the voltage break amount of the fault point as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein:
in the step 5, if the fault is a single-phase fault, the fault is-8 degrees to 0 degrees; if the phase-to-phase fault occurs, the angle is 0 DEG to +4 deg.
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| CN109088402A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-25 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Transmission line of electricity time domain Full wave shape protective device and its phase Sudden Changing Rate direction determination process |
| CN109245057A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-18 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Transmission line of electricity time domain Full wave shape protective device and alternate Sudden Changing Rate direction determination process |
| CN109270402A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-25 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of change time limit distance protection junior range method and system for serial supplementary line |
| CN109270402B (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2022-03-04 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Time-limited distance protection auxiliary ranging method and system for series compensation circuit |
| CN109901013A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-06-18 | 郭润生 | A method of differentiating distribution network failure direction using electric current, voltage jump amount polarity |
| CN113433417A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-09-24 | 湖南大学 | Power distribution network fault positioning method and system based on measured voltage difference |
| CN113433417B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-06-14 | 湖南大学 | Power distribution network fault positioning method and system based on measured voltage difference |
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