CN110927510B - Frequency domain method for power transmission line double-end traveling wave fault location - Google Patents

Frequency domain method for power transmission line double-end traveling wave fault location Download PDF

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CN110927510B
CN110927510B CN201910989942.XA CN201910989942A CN110927510B CN 110927510 B CN110927510 B CN 110927510B CN 201910989942 A CN201910989942 A CN 201910989942A CN 110927510 B CN110927510 B CN 110927510B
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traveling wave
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杨东升
王道浩
周博文
罗艳红
张化光
刘振伟
杨波
门娇
解相鹏
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Northeastern University China
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088—Aspects of digital computing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

Abstract

The invention discloses a frequency domain method for power transmission line double-end traveling wave fault location, which comprises the following steps: 1) when the transmission line has a fault, the measuring elements at two ends of the line detect and record the three-phase fault transient current by a full cycle method; 2) obtaining current line mode and ground mode components by using Karenbauer transformation; 3) wavelet packet transformation is carried out on the traveling wave line mode and ground mode components, the frequency band where the natural frequency is located is determined according to the wavelet coefficient energy maximum principle, the line mode and ground mode natural frequency is calculated, and a distance measurement formula is constructed to calculate the fault distance. The method does not need wave velocity information and data synchronization, avoids the problem that the reflection of a time domain wave head is not easy to extract, reduces error influence caused by uncertain parameters, and a large number of experimental simulations show that the method can effectively improve the ranging precision based on the natural frequency of the traveling wave, thereby effectively improving the fault positioning precision of the power transmission line.

Description

Frequency domain method for power transmission line double-end traveling wave fault location
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of relay protection of a power system, in particular to a frequency domain method for double-end traveling wave fault location of a power transmission line.
Background
With the continuous development of urban economy, the power grid of China enters the comprehensive construction stage of the ubiquitous power Internet of things, large-scale trans-regional power transmission is continuously increased, and the continuously increased power demand of all places can be effectively guaranteed through high-voltage long-distance power transmission. The proportion of the transmission line in the power grid is the largest, and the transmission line is also the most frequent part of the power system, and the line fault, especially the fault which can not be recovered quickly, can cause large-area power failure, further influences the national economy and safety, and simultaneously has great impact on the stability of the whole power system, so that the accurate transmission line fault location has important significance for ensuring the safe operation of the power system.
At present, common transmission line fault positioning methods comprise an impedance method, a traveling wave method and the like, wherein the traveling wave method is most widely applied in engineering, and the traveling wave method can be divided into a frequency domain method and a time domain method according to different data processing angles. The single-end A-type positioning method has obvious fault positioning error due to the fact that a reflected wave head is difficult to extract and the wave speed is difficult to accurately calibrate; the double-end D-type positioning method needs to be additionally provided with equipment such as a GPS (global positioning system) and the like due to the problem of data clock synchronization, so that the distance measurement cost is higher; the single-ended frequency domain method also has the problem that the wave velocity is not easy to determine; the existing distance measurement method based on the traveling wave can not well solve the problems, so that the positioning effect is not good, and even the positioning fails.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the wave speed is not easy to determine, the positioning effect is poor and the like in the power transmission line fault positioning method in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the frequency domain method for the power transmission line double-end traveling wave fault location, which can effectively improve the fault positioning precision without the synchronization of wave speed information and data.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention discloses a frequency domain method for double-end traveling wave fault location of a power transmission line, which comprises the following steps of:
1) when the transmission line has a fault, the measuring elements at two ends of the line detect and record the three-phase fault transient current by a full cycle method;
2) obtaining current line mode and ground mode components by using Karenbauer transformation;
3) wavelet packet transformation is carried out on the traveling wave line mode and ground mode components, the frequency band where the natural frequency is located is determined according to the wavelet coefficient energy maximum principle, the line mode and ground mode natural frequency is calculated, and a distance measurement formula is constructed to calculate the fault distance.
The step 1) is as follows: when the transmission line breaks down, the two-end measuring element obtains fault transient current through a full-cycle method:
iΔ(t)＝i(t)-i(t-zA)
wherein iΔAnd (t) is fault transient current, i (t) is fault current, i (t-zA) is steady-state current, and A is half power frequency period.
The step 2) is as follows:
performing phase-mode conversion on the fault transient current, and obtaining current travelling wave line mode and earth mode components by using a Karenbauer matrix, wherein iα、iβIs a component of the travelling-wave line mode i0Is a traveling wave earth mode component; i.e. ia、ib,icIs a three-phase fault transient current;
Figure GDA0003116257050000021
the step 3) comprises the following steps:
301) and (3) respectively carrying out multi-layer decomposition on the line mode and the earth mode components of the fault current traveling wave through wavelet packet transformation, and determining the frequency band of the natural frequency by using the energy maximum principle:
Figure GDA0003116257050000022
where T is the frequency band of the corresponding natural frequency, Dj(k) For wavelet reconstruction coefficients, EDjIs the wavelet energy at the j-th scale;
302) calculating the corresponding actual frequency under the scale according to the scale determined by the energy maximum principle, namely the natural frequency f of the linear mode or the ground mode;
f＝fc*fsa (T), where a (T) is the scale corresponding to the frequency band of the natural frequency, fs isSample frequency fc is wavelet center frequency;
303) a general distance measurement formula is constructed by using natural frequencies of a double-end line mode and a ground mode:
Figure GDA0003116257050000023
calculating a fault distance; where d is the fault distance, l is the line length, fm1、fm0Is the m terminal line mode and the ground mode natural frequency, fn1、fn0Is the natural frequency of the n-terminal line mode and the earth mode;
304) if fm0、fn0Both are not 0, and a general ranging formula is adopted:
Figure GDA0003116257050000024
further comprising step 305) of determining if fm is present0Or fn0If it is 0, then fm will be0、fn0All are set to 0, and a distance measurement formula is adopted:
Figure GDA0003116257050000031
and selecting a distance measurement formula to complete line fault distance measurement.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the frequency domain method for the double-end traveling wave fault location of the power transmission line provides a general formula for the double-end traveling wave fault location of the power transmission line, the method does not need wave speed information and data synchronization, avoids the problem that the reflection of a time domain wave head is not easy to extract, reduces error influence caused by uncertain parameters, and a large number of experimental simulations show that the method can effectively improve the location precision based on the natural frequency of the traveling wave, thereby effectively improving the fault location precision of the power transmission line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of power transmission line fault simulation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a fault transient state current extracted by a data acquisition module based on a full cycle method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a frequency domain method for locating a double-end traveling wave fault of a power transmission line according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a three-phase fault current curve diagram at two ends of a line according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a decomposition spectrum diagram of a wavelet packet of a current line mode ground mode component at two ends of a line in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the wave head extraction by the single-ended traveling wave method in example 1;
FIG. 7 shows three-phase fault currents at two ends of a line in embodiment 2;
FIG. 8 is a decomposition spectrum diagram of a wavelet packet of a current line mode ground mode component at two ends of a line in example 2;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the single-ended traveling wave method of the embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a frequency domain method for double-end traveling wave fault location of a power transmission line, which comprises the following steps of:
1) when the transmission line has a fault, the measuring elements at two ends of the line detect and record the three-phase fault transient current by a full cycle method;
2) obtaining current line mode and ground mode components by using Karenbauer transformation;
3) wavelet packet transformation is carried out on the traveling wave line mode and ground mode components, the frequency band where the natural frequency is located is determined according to the wavelet coefficient energy maximum principle, the line mode and ground mode natural frequency is calculated, and a distance measurement formula is constructed to calculate the fault distance.
The step 1) is as follows: when the transmission line breaks down, the two-end measuring element obtains fault transient current through a full-cycle method:
iΔ(t)＝i(t)-i(t-zT)
wherein iΔ(t) is fault transient current, i (t) is fault current, and i (t-zT) is steady state current.
The step 2) is as follows:
performing phase-mode conversion on the fault transient current, and obtaining current travelling wave line mode and earth mode components by using a Karenbauer matrix, wherein iα、iβIs a component of the travelling-wave line mode i0Is a traveling wave earth-mode component, ia、ib,icIs a three-phase fault transient current.
Figure GDA0003116257050000041
The step 3) comprises the following steps:
301) and (3) respectively carrying out multi-layer decomposition on the line mode and the earth mode components of the fault current traveling wave through wavelet packet transformation, and determining the frequency band of the natural frequency by using the energy maximum principle:
Figure GDA0003116257050000042
where T is the frequency band of the corresponding natural frequency, Dj(k) For wavelet reconstruction coefficients, EDjIs the wavelet energy at the j-th scale;
302) calculating the corresponding actual frequency under the scale according to the scale determined by the energy maximum principle, namely the natural frequency f of the linear mode or the ground mode;
f＝fc*fsa (T), wherein a (T) is the scale corresponding to the frequency band of the natural frequency, fs is the sampling frequency, and fc is the wavelet center frequency;
303) a general distance measurement formula is constructed by using natural frequencies of a double-end line mode and a ground mode:
Figure GDA0003116257050000043
calculating a fault distance; where d is the fault distance, L is the line length, fm1,fm0Is the m terminal line mode and the ground mode natural frequency, fn1,fn0Is the natural frequency of the n-terminal line mode and the earth mode;
304) if fm0、fn0Both are not 0, and a general ranging formula is adopted:
Figure GDA0003116257050000044
further comprising step 305) of determining if fm is present0Or fn0If it is 0, then fm will be0、fn0All are set to 0, and a distance measurement formula is adopted:
Figure GDA0003116257050000045
and selecting a distance measurement formula to complete line fault distance measurement.
The invention provides a frequency domain method for fault location of double-end traveling waves of a power transmission line, which is characterized in that phase-mode transformation is carried out on current data of a period after a fault to obtain decoupled line mode and ground mode signals, natural frequencies at two ends of the line mode and the ground mode are respectively solved by utilizing wavelet packet transformation, and a location formula based on the natural frequencies at two ends of the line mode and the ground mode is constructed.
The method comprises three steps of data acquisition and processing, wavelet packet spectrum analysis and fault distance calculation:
a data acquisition and processing step (namely step 1)) for processing the fault current to obtain a transient part thereof; subtracting the current in the non-fault state from the fault current by a full-cycle method to obtain a fault transient state current;
when the transmission line breaks down, the two-end measuring element obtains fault transient current through a full-cycle method:
iΔ(t)＝i(t)-i(t-zA)
wherein iΔ(t) is fault transient current, i (t) is fault current, and i (t-zA) is steady state current.
When the data acquisition device is not in fault, the data acquisition device continuously acquires the line current and updates the data in the storage element every three minutes; in case of failure, the collecting device t0And receiving a fault trigger signal at any time, and starting to record and store fault current data.
A wavelet packet spectrum analysis step (namely step 2), selecting a proper wavelet basis function according to the fault transient current, performing multilayer wavelet analysis on the fault transient current, ensuring that the frequency difference corresponding to each layer after decomposition is less than 1Hz, and determining the natural frequency according to a wavelet coefficient energy maximum principle;
performing phase-mode conversion on the fault transient current, and obtaining current travelling wave line mode and earth mode components by using a Karenbauer matrix, wherein iα、iβIs a component of the travelling-wave line mode i0Is a traveling wave earth-mode component, ia、ib,icFor three-phase faultsA transient current.
Figure GDA0003116257050000051
After the fault data acquisition is completed, use [ t0,t0+NT]Fault current data and t0-NT，t0]The steady-state operation current data in the time period are differentiated to obtain fault transient current data iΔ(T), T is 20ms and N is often 1 or 2.
And a fault distance calculation step (namely step 3)), wherein a distance measurement formula is selected to calculate the fault distance according to the wavelet packet analysis to obtain the natural frequencies of the line mode and the ground mode at the two ends, and the fault distance calculation method comprises the following steps:
301) and (3) carrying out multilayer decomposition on the fault current traveling wave line mode and the earth mode component through wavelet packet transformation:
Figure GDA0003116257050000061
WTX(a, τ) is iαWherein (—) represents the conjugate; a is a scale factor (a)>0) (ii) a Tau is displacement, and the transient current is decomposed by wavelet packet multilayer to obtain an approximation coefficient Aj and a detail coefficient Dj.
Determining the natural frequency band by using the energy maximum principle:
Figure GDA0003116257050000062
where T is the frequency band of the corresponding natural frequency, Dj(k) For wavelet reconstruction coefficients, EDjIs the wavelet energy at the j-th scale;
302) calculating the corresponding actual frequency under the scale according to the scale determined by the energy maximum principle, namely the natural frequency f of the linear mode or the ground mode;
fa＝(fc*fs)/2jwherein a (T) is the scale corresponding to the natural frequency characteristic frequency band, fs is the sampling frequency, fc is the wavelet center frequencyRate;
respectively repeating 301) to 302) to obtain the natural frequency of the double-ended linear mode ground mode: fm1，fm0，fn1，fn0(ii) a Wherein, fm1,fm0Is the m terminal line mode and the ground mode natural frequency, fn1,fn0The natural frequencies of the n mode and the earth mode.
303) A general distance measurement formula is constructed by using natural frequencies of a double-end line mode and a ground mode:
Figure GDA0003116257050000063
calculating a fault distance; where d is the fault distance, L is the line length, fm1,fm0Is the m terminal line mode and the ground mode natural frequency, fn1,fn0Is the natural frequency of the n mode and the earth mode;
304) if fm0、fn0Both are not 0, and a general ranging formula is adopted:
Figure GDA0003116257050000064
further comprising step 305) of determining if fm is present0、fn0If it is 0, then fm will be0、fn0All are set to 0, and a distance measurement formula is adopted:
Figure GDA0003116257050000065
and selecting a distance measurement formula to complete line fault distance measurement.
The method is applied to establish a double-end transmission line simulation model shown in figure 1 in MATLAB/Simulink, wherein F is a fault point, the fault distance is d, the overall length of the line is l, and m and n are measuring points;
total length of line l1500KM, voltage class 220KV, unit impedance: r1＝0.01273Ω/km,R0＝0.3864Ω/km，L1＝0.9337mH/km,L0＝4.1264mH/km，C1＝0.01273uF/km,C0＝0.007751uF/km。
Example 1
The ABG two-phase ground fault is generated at a 120km position of the line, the fault ground resistance is 10 omega, the simulation time is set to be 0.12 second, the fault generation time is 0.04 second, and the original data of the fault current measured at two ends of the line are shown in fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the method extracts the original fault current data to obtain the fault transient current data.
And dividing the fault current into a traveling wave line mode component and a ground mode component through Karenbauer transformation.
Wavelet packet multilayer decomposition is respectively carried out on the linear mode components and the ground mode components at two ends, and the Morlet wavelet basis function is selected.
Calculating energy coefficients under all scales by using a wavelet coefficient energy maximum principle, and determining frequency distribution of all frequency bands as shown in FIG. 5;
according to the fact that the central frequency corresponding to the wavelet energy maximum frequency band is the natural frequency, the m-end line mode and ground mode natural frequency corresponding to the fault can be obtained as follows: fm1＝1192Hz,fm0The natural frequency of the n-terminal line mode and the ground mode is 756.7 Hz: fn1＝380.8Hz,fn0＝222.5Hz。
The obtained fm1，fm0，fn1，fn0Substituting into formula
Figure GDA0003116257050000071
The calculated fault distance d is 118.214km, and the calculation error is 1.48%.
If single-end traveling wave time domain method is adopted for fault location, wavelet transformation is directly carried out on the line mode component, a traveling wave head is extracted by utilizing a maximum value method, as shown in fig. 6, t1 is 413.8us, t2 is 1242us, the wave speed V of a line mode is 299792458m/s, and the wave speed is substituted into a formula
Figure GDA0003116257050000072
The calculated fault distance d is 124.143km with an error of 3.45%.
Obviously, compared with the traditional single-ended traveling wave distance measurement, the fault distance measurement by using the double-ended natural frequency has higher precision.
Example 2
The ABCG three-phase grounding fault occurs at the position of 40km of the line, the grounding resistance is 10 omega, the simulation time is set to be 0.12 second, the fault occurrence time is 0.04 second, and the original data of the fault current measured at the two ends of the line are shown in FIG. 7.
And extracting the fault current original data according to the method shown in fig. 2 to obtain fault transient current data.
And dividing the fault current into a traveling wave line mode component and a ground mode component through Karenbauer transformation.
Wavelet packet multilayer decomposition is respectively carried out on the linear mode components and the ground mode components at two ends, and the Morlet wavelet basis function is selected.
Calculating energy coefficients under all scales by using a wavelet coefficient energy maximum principle, and determining frequency distribution of all frequency bands as shown in FIG. 8;
according to the fact that the central frequency corresponding to the wavelet energy maximum frequency band is the natural frequency, the M-terminal line mode and ground mode natural frequency corresponding to the fault can be obtained as follows: fm1＝3495Hz,fm0The natural frequency of the N-terminal line mode and the ground mode is as follows: fn1＝308Hz,fn0＝0Hz。
Due to the presence of fn0,fm0A certain component is 0, and fm obtained1，fm0，fn1，fn0Substituting into formula
Figure GDA0003116257050000081
The calculated failure distance d is 40.494km, and the calculation error is 1.23%.
If single-end traveling wave time domain method is adopted to carry out fault location, wavelet transformation is directly carried out on the line mode component, and the traveling wave head is extracted by utilizing the maximum value method, as shown in fig. 9, t1 is 413us.8, t2 is 1242us, the wave speed V of the line mode removal is 0.98 times of the light speed, and the traveling wave head is substituted into a formula
Figure GDA0003116257050000082
The calculated fault distance d is 41.372km with an error of 3.43%.
Obviously, compared with the traditional single-ended traveling wave distance measurement, the fault distance measurement by using the double-ended natural frequency has higher precision.

Claims (3)

1. A frequency domain method for power transmission line double-end traveling wave fault location is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) when the transmission line has a fault, the measuring elements at two ends of the line detect and record the three-phase fault transient current by a full cycle method;
2) obtaining current line mode and ground mode components by using Karenbauer transformation;
3) wavelet packet transformation is carried out on the traveling wave line mode and ground mode components, the frequency band where the natural frequency is located is determined according to the wavelet coefficient energy maximum principle, the line mode and ground mode natural frequency is calculated, and a distance measurement formula is constructed to calculate the fault distance; the method comprises the following steps:
301) and (3) respectively carrying out multi-layer decomposition on the line mode and the earth mode components of the fault current traveling wave through wavelet packet transformation, and determining the frequency band of the natural frequency by using the energy maximum principle:
Figure FDA0003116257040000011
where T is the frequency band of the corresponding natural frequency, Dj(k) For wavelet reconstruction coefficients, EDjIs the wavelet energy at the j-th scale;
302) calculating the corresponding actual frequency under the scale according to the scale determined by the energy maximum principle, namely the natural frequency f of the linear mode or the ground mode;
f＝fc*fsa (T), wherein a (T) is the scale corresponding to the frequency band of the natural frequency, fs is the sampling frequency, and fc is the wavelet center frequency;
303) a general distance measurement formula is constructed by using natural frequencies of a double-end line mode and a ground mode:
Figure FDA0003116257040000012
calculating a fault distance; where d is the fault distance, l is the line length, fm1、fm0Is the m terminal line mode and the ground mode natural frequency, fn1、fn0Is the natural frequency of the n-terminal line mode and the earth mode;
304) if fm0、fn0Both are not 0, and a general ranging formula is adopted:
Figure FDA0003116257040000013
305) if fm is present0Or fn0If it is 0, then fm will be0、fn0All are set to 0, and a distance measurement formula is adopted:
Figure FDA0003116257040000014
and selecting a distance measurement formula to complete line fault distance measurement.
2. The frequency domain method for double-ended traveling wave fault location of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the step 1) is: when the transmission line breaks down, the two-end measuring element obtains fault transient current through a full-cycle method:
iΔ(t)＝i(t)-i(t-zA)
wherein iΔAnd (t) is fault transient current, i (t) is fault current, i (t-zA) is steady-state current, and A is half power frequency period.
3. The frequency domain method for double-ended traveling wave fault location of the power transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) is:
performing phase-mode conversion on the fault transient current, and obtaining current travelling wave line mode and earth mode components by using a Karenbauer matrix, wherein iα、iβIs a component of the travelling-wave line mode i0Is a traveling wave earth mode component; i.e. ia、ib,icIs a three-phase fault transient current;
Figure FDA0003116257040000021
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