CN113109668B - Power distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave mutation - Google Patents

Power distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave mutation Download PDF

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CN113109668B
CN113109668B CN202110398499.6A CN202110398499A CN113109668B CN 113109668 B CN113109668 B CN 113109668B CN 202110398499 A CN202110398499 A CN 202110398499A CN 113109668 B CN113109668 B CN 113109668B
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fault
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traveling wave
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CN113109668A (en
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乔文
师琛
谈震
王辉
褚子平
魏小栋
李舟
赵一
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Xi'an Power Supply Co Of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Co
Xian Jiaotong University
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Xi'an Power Supply Co Of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Co
Xian Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/16Measuring asymmetry of polyphase networks
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/088Aspects of digital computing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/11Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks using pulse reflection methods
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/22Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for positioning asymmetric faults of a power distribution network based on sudden change of a reclosing zero-mode traveling wave, which comprises the following steps of firstly, recording reclosing time and corresponding reclosing voltage traveling waves through a traveling wave acquisition device arranged at the head end of a line; secondly, performing phase-mode transformation on the traveling wave of the reclosure voltage, selecting a mother wavelet suitable for transient analysis of the fault of the power system as a wavelet base, performing discrete wavelet transformation on the zero-mode voltage, and identifying the reflected traveling wave of the fault point according to the sudden change moment of the zero-mode voltage; thirdly, according to the reclosing time and the arrival time of the fault point reflected traveling wave, combining the zero mode wave speed to obtain a fault distance; then, a possible fault branch is judged according to the fault distance, zero sequence currents of the synchronous phasor measurement units at two ends of the branch are extracted, the fault branch is determined according to the direction of the zero sequence currents, and fault positioning is achieved. The method can realize the single-end quantity positioning of the asymmetric fault of the power distribution network, has lower required sampling frequency and meets the practical requirement of engineering.

Description

Power distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave mutation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power systems, relates to the field of fault location of power distribution networks with complex structures, and particularly relates to a power distribution network asymmetric fault location method based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave mutation.
Background
In China, a low-voltage distribution network is widely operated in a mode of non-effective grounding of a neutral point, and the mode comprises three modes of non-grounding, grounding through an arc suppression coil and grounding through a high resistance. The system has a high probability of generating a ground fault, and a fault point needs to be located as soon as possible. The accurate and rapid power distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method is researched, the acceleration of fault clearing and power supply recovery is facilitated, the power failure loss is reduced, and the method has important significance on the safe and economic operation of the whole power system. However, fault localization in medium and low voltage distribution networks is not well addressed at present. Due to the fact that the distribution line is complex in structure, multiple in branch points and short in line, after a fault, the travelling wave is fiercely refracted and reflected, and wave heads are not easy to identify. The traditional traveling wave method utilizes transient traveling waves generated by fault points during fault to carry out fault location, and comprises a reflected wave method and a modulus wave velocity difference method. However, the traveling wave is attenuated and distorted in the propagation process, and the traveling wave is difficult to identify effectively. The single-ended method is susceptible to the reflection and refraction of traveling waves at the end of a branch point or a line, and is difficult to detect the traveling waves reflected by a fault point. The double-ended method does not have the disadvantages, only requires initial traveling waves at two ends, but requires time synchronization, and installation of positioning devices at all terminals of the power distribution network does not meet economic requirements. For a power distribution network with a complex structure, a single-ended traveling wave method is adopted for fault location in the aspects of economy and practicability. The traveling wave measured by the single-ended measuring point comprises superposition of multiple refraction and reflection waves of a fault point, a branch point, a line tail end and the like, and the traveling wave reflected by the branch point and the line tail end can confuse identification of the traveling wave reflected by the fault point. When a fault occurs on the overhead line, as most transient faults exist, reclosing is required to be input, the influence of the transient faults is favorably reduced, the power failure time is shortened, the power failure loss caused by the transient faults can be reduced to the maximum degree by using the reclosing traveling wave to carry out fault positioning, and accurate fault positioning can be realized for permanent faults.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a power distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave mutation, which can realize accurate fault positioning in a power distribution network with a complex structure of a multi-branch short circuit, so as to accelerate fault clearing and power supply recovery, reduce power failure loss and ensure safe and economic operation of a power system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave mutation can realize asymmetric fault positioning of single-phase grounding, two-phase grounding and two-phase short circuit in a distribution network, and is suitable for various line types of overhead lines, cable lines or overhead cable mixed lines; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when a circuit fails, transient traveling waves generated on the circuit after the circuit breaker is reclosed are called reclosing traveling waves; recording the reclosing moment and the corresponding reclosing voltage traveling wave through a traveling wave acquisition device arranged at the head end of the line;
and 2, step: carrying out phase-mode conversion decoupling on the reclosure voltage traveling wave, extracting zero-mode voltage and eliminating power frequency quantity; u. u a 、u b 、u c Is a three-phase voltage u 0 For zero-mode voltage after conversion, u 1 、u 2 The converted line mode voltage is obtained; clarke Clarke transformation is adopted, and the transformation formula is shown as follows;
Figure BDA0003015039140000021
and step 3: selecting a mother wavelet suitable for fault transient analysis of a power system as a wavelet basis processing fault signal; discretizing the continuous wavelet transform to realize the effectiveness of the wavelet transform; discretizing the scale factor and the time translation factor, and performing discrete wavelet transformation on the zero-mode voltage to obtain the zero-mode voltage mutation moment;
and 4, step 4: identifying the fault point reflected voltage traveling wave according to the zero-mode voltage mutation moment, and recording the arrival moment of the fault point reflected voltage traveling wave; will reclose at time t 0 And the arrival time t of the traveling wave of the reflected voltage of the fault point 1 Substituting the zero mode wave velocity v in the current line into a distance measurement formula (2) to obtain a fault distance L;
Figure BDA0003015039140000031
and 5: judging whether a plurality of fault branches correspond to the fault distance by combining the fault distance with a power distribution network topological structure, and if not, determining a fault point according to the fault distance obtained in the step 4 to realize fault positioning; if yes, extracting zero sequence currents of the synchronous phasor measurement units at the two ends of the possible fault branch, determining that the fault branch with the zero sequence currents at the two ends of the branch in opposite directions is the fault branch by comparing the directions of the zero sequence currents, and determining a fault point according to the fault distance obtained in the step 4 to realize fault positioning.
The invention provides a power distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method based on reclosing zero-mode traveling waves, which can realize traveling wave single-end measurement positioning of power distribution network asymmetric faults. The fault location of the power distribution network with a complex structure is carried out by analyzing the reclosing voltage traveling wave of the circuit breaker under the condition of the fault, accurately identifying the traveling wave reflected by the fault point according to the zero-mode voltage traveling wave mutation and combining the traveling wave propagation characteristic of the power distribution line. And when the fault distance corresponds to a plurality of fault branches, positioning the fault branches according to different directions of zero sequence currents at two ends of the normal line and the fault line, so as to realize fault positioning. The effectiveness of the method in the distribution line is verified through simulation analysis, which shows that the method meets the requirement that the power distribution network uses a single-ended traveling wave method for fault positioning, and has the advantages of high positioning precision of the traveling wave method and small influence by fault distance, grounding resistance and system operation mode. The method has relatively low sampling frequency and meets the economic requirement of practical engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 10kV radial distribution network.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a line single-phase earth fault.
Figure 4 is a reclosing zero mode voltage traveling wave diagram.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a reclosing zero-mode voltage traveling wave wavelet transform result.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a zero sequence network.
Fig. 7 is a zero sequence current pattern on both sides of the branch L2.
Fig. 8 is a zero sequence current pattern on both sides of the branch L3.
Fig. 9 is a zero sequence current pattern on both sides of the branch L4.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
A method for positioning asymmetric faults of a power distribution network based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave sudden change can realize fault positioning of single-phase grounding, two-phase grounding and two-phase short circuit in the power distribution network and is suitable for various line types of overhead lines, cable lines or overhead cable mixed lines. As shown in fig. 1, the specific steps are as follows:
the invention takes a certain actual 10kV radial distribution network system as an example shown in the attached figure 2, carries out fault location on a distribution network under the condition of single-phase earth fault, and needs to explain that the invention is suitable for various fault types of single-phase earth, two-phase earth and two-phase short circuit:
step 1: when a single-phase earth fault shown in the attached figure 3 occurs on the line at the position L2, the breaker breaks the fault, the relay sends a reclosing command within a certain time, and a reclosing traveling wave can be generated on the line after the breaker is reclosed; recording the reclosing moment and the corresponding reclosing voltage traveling wave through a traveling wave acquisition device arranged at the head end of the line; the sampling rate of the traveling wave acquisition device is 1MHz;
step 2: carrying out phase-mode conversion decoupling on the reclosure voltage traveling wave, extracting zero-mode voltage, and eliminating power frequency quantity as shown in figure 4; u. of a 、u b 、u c Is a three-phase voltage u 0 For zero-mode voltage after conversion, u 1 、u 2 The converted line mode voltage is obtained; clarke Clarke transformation is adopted, and the transformation formula is shown as follows;
Figure BDA0003015039140000051
and step 3: selecting a mother wavelet suitable for fault transient analysis of a power system as a wavelet basis processing fault signal; the db4 wavelet has strong time-frequency localization capability as a mother wavelet, and can realize time-shift invariance and high time-frequency resolution, so that the db4 wavelet is selected as a traveling wave signal processing wavelet; discretizing the continuous wavelet transform to realize the effectiveness of the wavelet transform; discretizing the scale factor and the time shift factor, and performing discrete wavelet transform on the zero-mode voltage to obtain a zero-mode voltage mutation moment t shown in figure 5 1 =10μs;
And 4, step 4: identifying the fault point reflected voltage traveling wave according to the zero-mode voltage mutation moment, and recording the arrival moment t of the fault point reflected voltage traveling wave 1 =10 μ s; reclosing moment is t 0 =0 and t is the arrival time of the traveling wave of the reflected voltage at the fault point 1 =10 μ s; the overhead line model of the power distribution network model used in the embodiment is LGJ-185/10, the outer diameter is 18mm, the direct current resistance is 0.157 omega/km, and the sag is 2.5m; because the line is short, zero mode is almost not attenuated and is close to the light velocity propagation, the zero mode wave velocity v =299.76 m/mus in the current line is substituted into a distance measurement formula (2) to obtain the fault distance L =1498.8m;
Figure BDA0003015039140000052
and 5: according to the fault distance L =1498.8m combined with a power distribution network topological structure, the fault distance corresponds to a plurality of fault branches, and possible fault points are respectively located in the branches L2, L3 and L4; the zero sequence network is shown in fig. 6, and zero sequence currents of the synchronous phasor measurement units at two ends of L2, L3 and L4 are extracted and are respectively shown in fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9; by comparing the directions of the zero sequence currents at the two ends of the branch, the zero sequence currents at the two ends of the branch L2 can be determined to be opposite in direction, so that the L2 is a fault branch; the fault location result is that the fault point is positioned at L2 and is 1498.8m away from the head end of the line; the actual distance of the fault is 1500m, the absolute error is 1.2m, and the relative error is 0.08 percent.
Besides single-phase earth fault positioning in the example, accurate positioning of two-phase earth and two-phase short circuit can be realized. Analyzing the reclosing voltage traveling wave of the circuit breaker which is combined with the fault condition, accurately identifying the traveling wave reflected by the fault point according to the zero-mode voltage traveling wave mutation, and carrying out fault location on the power distribution network with a complex structure by combining the traveling wave propagation characteristic. And when the fault distance corresponds to a plurality of fault branches, positioning the fault branches according to different directions of zero sequence currents at two ends of the normal line and the fault line, so as to realize fault positioning. The method is not influenced by fault distance, fault type, grounding resistance and initial coinciding angle, has high positioning precision and practicability in the power distribution network with a complex structure, and meets the requirement that the power distribution network uses a single-end method to position faults. The reclosing traveling wave is used for fault positioning, so that power failure loss caused by transient faults can be reduced to the maximum extent, and accurate fault positioning can be realized for permanent faults. The sampling frequency required by the power distribution network asymmetric fault positioning method based on the reclosing zero-mode traveling wave sudden change is relatively low, and the economic requirement of actual engineering is met.

Claims (1)

1. A method for positioning asymmetric faults of a power distribution network based on reclosing zero-mode traveling wave sudden change is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method can realize the asymmetric fault location of single-phase grounding, two-phase grounding and two-phase short circuit in the power distribution network, and is suitable for various line types of overhead lines, cable lines or overhead cable mixed lines; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when a circuit fails, transient traveling waves generated on the circuit after the circuit breaker is reclosed are called reclosing traveling waves; recording the reclosing moment and the corresponding reclosing voltage traveling wave through a traveling wave acquisition device arranged at the head end of the line;
step 2: carrying out phase-mode conversion decoupling on the reclosure voltage traveling wave, extracting zero-mode voltage and eliminating power frequency quantity; u. of a 、u b 、u c Is a three-phase voltage u 0 For zero-mode voltage after conversion, u 1 、u 2 The converted line mode voltage is obtained; clarke Clarke transformation is adopted, and the transformation formula is shown as follows;
Figure FDA0003015039130000011
and step 3: selecting a mother wavelet suitable for fault transient analysis of a power system as a wavelet basis processing fault signal; discretizing the continuous wavelet transform to realize the effectiveness of the wavelet transform; discretizing the scale factor and the time translation factor, and performing discrete wavelet transformation on the zero-mode voltage to obtain the zero-mode voltage mutation moment;
and 4, step 4: identifying the fault point reflected voltage traveling wave according to the zero-mode voltage mutation moment, and recording the arrival moment of the fault point reflected voltage traveling wave; will reclose at time t 0 And the arrival time t of the traveling wave of the reflected voltage of the fault point 1 Substituting the zero mode wave velocity v in the current line into a distance measurement formula (2) to obtain a fault distance L;
Figure FDA0003015039130000012
and 5: judging whether a plurality of fault branches correspond to or not according to the fault distance and the power distribution network topological structure, and if not, determining a fault point according to the fault distance obtained in the step 4 to realize fault positioning; if yes, extracting zero sequence currents of the synchronous phasor measurement units at the two ends of the possible fault branch, comparing the directions of the zero sequence currents, determining that the zero sequence currents at the two ends of the branch are opposite in direction to be the fault branch, determining a fault point according to the fault distance obtained in the step 4, and realizing fault positioning.
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