CN115199705B - Multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions - Google Patents

Multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions Download PDF

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CN115199705B
CN115199705B CN202210616144.4A CN202210616144A CN115199705B CN 115199705 B CN115199705 B CN 115199705B CN 202210616144 A CN202210616144 A CN 202210616144A CN 115199705 B CN115199705 B CN 115199705B
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flywheel
shell
mandrel
bearing
permanent magnet
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CN115199705A (en
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唐长亮
木孟良
陈涛
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Beijing Information Science and Technology University
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Beijing Information Science and Technology University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
    • F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0402—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means combined with other supporting means, e.g. hybrid bearings with both magnetic and fluid supporting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F16F15/315—Flywheels characterised by their supporting arrangement, e.g. mountings, cages, securing inertia member to shaft
    • F16F15/3156—Arrangement of the bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/02—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects temperature-related
    • F16F2222/025—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/0047—Measuring, indicating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/08—Sensor arrangement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and on-line modal monitoring, which comprises the following components: the top of the shell is provided with a bearing end cover, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a base; the mandrel is arranged in the shell in a penetrating way, the flywheel is arranged in the middle of the mandrel, the top of the mandrel is movably connected with the bearing end cover, and the bottom of the mandrel penetrates through the base to extend to the outside of the bottom of the shell to form an extension part; the upper auxiliary bearing is arranged at the top of the mandrel and is used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel; the permanent magnet bearing is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing and is arranged between the upper end face of the mandrel and the shell; the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base and the mandrel, provides axial force for the flywheel, and is matched with the permanent magnet bearing to enable the flywheel to complete suspension; the lower auxiliary bearing is arranged between the bottom of the shell and the mandrel and is used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel. The invention can be applied to the field of energy storage flywheel.

Description

Multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage flywheel, in particular to a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and on-line modal monitoring.
Background
The flywheel energy storage system is an energy storage device for electromechanical energy conversion, breaks through the limitation of a chemical battery, and stores energy by a physical method. Through the reciprocal bi-directional motor of electric/electricity generation, the mutual conversion and storage between the electric energy and the mechanical kinetic energy of the flywheel running at high speed has the advantages of high energy storage density, high power, high efficiency, long service life, no pollution and the like, and can be widely applied to various aspects such as aerospace, power grid frequency modulation, uninterruptible power supply, locomotive traction, military (high-power electromagnetic cannon, torpedo) and the like.
The flywheel energy storage system mainly comprises a rotor system, a bearing system, a motor/generator, a power converter and an auxiliary operation system (comprising a cooling system, a vacuum system and a state detection system). In order to store enough energy, the flywheel rotor is generally designed into a large-inertia revolving body structure, because the geometric center and the mass center of the flywheel cannot be completely overlapped, vibration is inevitably generated when the flywheel rotates at a high speed, the bearing is directly damaged by intense vibration impact force, the system is damaged seriously, and an effective damping system is required to attenuate the vibration and control the stability besides the bearing system.
Because the mass and the rotational inertia of the energy storage flywheel are large, the rotating speed is high, the gyroscopic effect is obvious, the transcritical problem exists, and the requirements of high speed and heavy load and low friction loss are difficult to be met by the traditional rolling bearing and the fluid dynamic bearing. The magnetic suspension bearing is generally adopted to unload most of the weight of the flywheel, and then is matched with the mechanical protection bearing for use. Magnetic bearings are mainly divided into two types, active magnetic bearings and passive magnetic bearings. The active magnetic bearing mainly refers to an electromagnetic bearing, and the passive magnetic bearing mainly refers to a permanent magnetic bearing. The electromagnetic bearing realizes non-contact support of the stator and the rotor by using controlled electromagnetic force, has the advantages of high rotating speed, no abrasion, no need of a lubrication system, low labor consumption, self-contained online vibration monitoring function and the like, and is suitable for a high-speed rotor system. However, for a large-inertia low-speed flywheel system, the advantages of the electromagnetic bearing are difficult to develop, the cost is high, the gyroscopic effect of the low-speed large-inertia flywheel is obvious, the control difficulty of the electromagnetic bearing is high, the instability of shafting dynamics is easy to be caused, and the mechanical protection bearing and even the whole machine are directly damaged.
In order to reduce wind resistance loss as much as possible, the flywheel rotor operates in a vacuum environment, and the high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motor and the high-efficiency current transformer are adopted to realize the rapid conversion of the mechanical energy and the electric energy of the flywheel. The flywheel system realizes charge and discharge circulation through frequent rising and falling speeds, so that the modal characteristics of the flywheel rotor system are accurately and timely mastered to frequently cross critical rotation speeds, and the flywheel system is also important for smooth running of the flywheel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of bearing in the running process of the flywheel energy storage system, on-line monitoring of the modal characteristics of the flywheel and the problems of vibration control and energy recovery of the flywheel, the invention aims to provide the multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and on-line modal monitoring, which can support the movement of a rotor, reduce friction resistance and loss, has damping effect on the vibration of the flywheel, recovers the vibration energy of the part and can acquire the modal characteristics of a flywheel shafting in time.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-functional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring, comprising: the top of the shell is provided with a bearing end cover, and the bottom of the shell is provided with a base; the mandrel is arranged in the shell in a penetrating way, the flywheel is arranged in the middle of the mandrel, the top of the mandrel is movably connected with the bearing end cover, and the bottom of the mandrel penetrates through the base to extend to the outside of the bottom of the shell to form an extension part; the upper auxiliary bearing is arranged at the top of the mandrel and used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel; the permanent magnet bearing is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing, is arranged between the upper end face of the mandrel and the shell and is used for providing axial force for the flywheel; the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base and the mandrel and provides axial force for the flywheel, and the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is matched with the permanent magnet bearing to enable the flywheel to complete suspension; and the lower auxiliary bearing is arranged between the bottom of the shell and the mandrel and is used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel.
Further, the outer ring of the upper auxiliary bearing is arranged on the inner wall surface of the shell, the inner ring of the upper auxiliary bearing is matched with the mandrel, and the upper auxiliary bearing is positioned by the upper shaft shoulder of the mandrel.
Further, the permanent magnet bearing comprises an upper permanent magnet, an axial displacement sensor probe and a lower permanent magnet;
the upper permanent magnet is embedded on the inner wall surface of the shell, the lower permanent magnet is embedded on the upper end surface of the mandrel, the polarity of the upper permanent magnet is opposite to that of the lower permanent magnet, the permanent magnets are arranged in a circular ring shape, and the circular ring is concentric with the mandrel;
the axial displacement sensor probe is arranged between the upper permanent magnet and the lower permanent magnet and is used for measuring the dynamic and static gaps of the permanent magnet bearing in real time, so that the gaps are ensured to be within a preset range.
Further, the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device comprises a support sleeve, an upper Halbach circular ring array and a lower Halbach circular ring array;
the support sleeve is arranged on the lower shaft shoulder of the mandrel, the upper Halbach circular ring array is arranged on the support sleeve, the lower Halbach circular ring array is arranged on the base, and the upper Halbach circular ring array and the lower Halbach circular ring array are formed by sequentially arranging and bonding a plurality of small circular rings to form a unilateral magnetic field;
and the upper Halbach ring array and the lower Halbach ring array are symmetrically arranged, are in clearance fit and mutually repel, and provide axial force for the flywheel.
Further, a group of electromagnetic vibration exciters for monitoring the modal characteristics of the flywheel are respectively arranged in the shell and positioned at the upper part and the lower part of the flywheel, and the electromagnetic vibration exciters are installed in a non-contact manner with the mandrel;
the electromagnetic vibration exciter comprises an E-shaped iron core, an exciting coil and a force measuring coil; the exciting coil and the force measuring coil are respectively wound in an upper groove and a lower groove of the E-shaped iron core; the exciting coil excites the flywheel to obtain the mode of the flywheel, and the force measuring coil is used for monitoring the force output of the electromagnetic exciter.
Further, a damping device is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the shell;
the damping device comprises a damping device shell, a cooling device arranged in the damping device shell, a damping body shell, an O-shaped ring, a permanent magnet, a damping body, a bearing seat, a ball bearing and an extrusion oil film;
the damping device shell is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the shell, the damping body shell is arranged in the damping device shell, and the cooling device is arranged between the damping device shell and the damping body shell;
the damping body is installed with the damping body shell in a clearance fit manner, the O-shaped rings are arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the clearance, the O-shaped rings adopt a structure centering the shaft neck, and the O-shaped rings, the damping body and the damping body shell form a sealing environment to form the extrusion oil film;
a tile-shaped permanent magnet is embedded in the tile-shaped groove;
the bearing seat is matched with the inner circular surface of the damping body and is positioned in the middle of the damping device shell; the lower end circumference of the extension part of the mandrel is provided with the ball bearing, and the ball bearing is matched with the bearing seat.
Further, the damping body shell adopts a hollow structure, a coil is arranged in the hollow, and the coil interacts with the permanent magnet to generate induced voltage; the upper part and the lower part of the inner wall surface of the damping body shell are respectively provided with a sealing groove for accommodating the O-shaped ring, and oil outlets and oil inlets are respectively arranged on two sides of the damping body shell.
Further, the cooling device comprises a shell, a water inlet, a water outlet and a spiral pipe; the shell is of a cylindrical structure, the top and the bottom of the shell are respectively provided with the water inlet and the water outlet, the spiral pipe is arranged in the shell, one end of the spiral pipe is communicated with the water inlet, and the other end of the spiral pipe is communicated with the water outlet.
Further, an electric/power generation integrated machine is arranged on the upper part of the shell and on the mandrel below the permanent magnet bearing.
Further, an upper radial displacement sensor and a lower radial displacement sensor are respectively arranged at the upper auxiliary bearing and the lower auxiliary bearing; an axial displacement sensor is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel; and sensing the vibration state of the flywheel through the axial displacement sensor, the upper radial displacement sensor and the lower radial displacement sensor.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the flywheel rotor supporting system adopts a plurality of bearings which are mixed together to act together, so that the flywheel is suspended, and friction loss is reduced as much as possible.
2. The invention is provided with the on-line monitoring device for the modal characteristics of the flywheel, and the modal characteristics of the flywheel shafting can be timely obtained.
3. The invention is provided with the damping device, so that the vibration of the flywheel can be reduced.
4. The invention is provided with the energy recovery device, and can recycle part of vibration energy of the flywheel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic exciter in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an electromagnetic excitation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet bearing in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a repulsive force Halbach circular array magnetic suspension device in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of the repulsive force Halbach circular ring array in the example of the present invention at a section in the radial direction;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a damping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a damper structure in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a damping body housing in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cooling device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a cooling device incorporating a spiral tube in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a flywheel; 2-an electromagnetic vibration exciter; 3-an electric/power generation integrated machine; 4-an upper radial displacement sensor; 5-permanent magnet bearings; 6-upper auxiliary bearings; 7-a gasket; 8-an axial displacement sensor; 9-bearing end caps; 10-bolts; 11-a housing; 12-supporting sleeve; 13-upper Halbach circular array; 14-lower Halbach circular array; 15-a base; 16-a lower radial displacement sensor; 17-lower auxiliary bearings; 18-a mandrel; 19-damping means; a 21-E type core; 22-exciting coil; 23-force measuring coils; 51-upper permanent magnet; 52-an axial displacement sensor probe; 53-lower permanent magnet; 190-damping device housing; 191-cooling means; 192-a damping body housing; 193-coil; 194-O-ring; 195-permanent magnets; 196-damping body; 197-bearing seats; 198-ball bearings; 199-squeezing an oil film; 1911-water inlet; 1912-water outlet; 1913-spiral tube; 1921-seal groove; 1922-oil outlet holes; 1923-oil inlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which are obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and on-line modal monitoring is a novel magnetic suspension bearing unloading structure, an on-line real-time monitoring and analyzing device is designed for the modal of a flywheel shaft system, and a novel damping device and a functional device with energy recovery are also designed for the vibration of the flywheel. The device can support the movement of the rotor, reduce friction resistance and loss, has damping effect on the vibration of the flywheel, recovers the vibration energy of the part, and can acquire the modal characteristics of the flywheel shafting in time. The permanent magnet bearing is formed by arranging one or more magnetic rings in a radial direction or an axial direction, and has the advantages of large unloading force, low energy consumption, no need of power supply and simple structure. The invention mixes the permanent magnet bearing and the mechanical bearing, can integrate the advantages of the permanent magnet bearing and the mechanical bearing, and is suitable for flywheel energy storage systems with low cost and large inertia.
In one embodiment of the invention, a multi-functional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and on-line modal monitoring is provided. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the system includes:
the top of the shell 11 is provided with a bearing end cover 9, and a base 15 is arranged at the inner bottom of the shell 11;
the mandrel 18 is arranged in the shell 11 in a penetrating way, the flywheel 1 is arranged in the middle of the mandrel 18, the top of the mandrel 18 is movably connected with the bearing end cover 9, and the bottom of the mandrel 18 penetrates through the base 15 to extend to the outside of the bottom of the shell 11, so that an extension part is formed;
an upper auxiliary bearing 6 provided on top of the spindle 18 for supporting rotation of the flywheel 1;
the permanent magnet bearing 5 is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing 6, is arranged between the upper end surface of the mandrel 18 and the shell 11 and is used for providing axial force for the flywheel 1;
the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base 15 and the mandrel 18 and provides axial force for the flywheel 1, and the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is matched with the permanent magnet bearing 5 to enable the flywheel 1 to complete suspension;
a lower auxiliary bearing 17 is provided between the bottom 15 of the housing 11 and the spindle 18 for supporting the rotation of the flywheel 1.
In the above embodiment, the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is mounted on the top end of the spindle 18. The outer ring of the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is arranged on the inner wall surface of the shell 11, the inner ring of the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is matched with the mandrel 18, and the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is positioned by the upper shaft shoulder of the mandrel 18.
Specifically, after the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is placed at a specified position, a gasket 7 is padded, a bearing end cover 9 is covered, and the upper auxiliary bearing is connected with a shell 11 through a bolt 10, so that the structure can be used for facilitating installation and maintenance. An upper auxiliary bearing 6 and a lower auxiliary bearing 17 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the flywheel mandrel 18 to support the flywheel 1 to rotate. In the present embodiment, both the upper auxiliary bearing 6 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17 employ rolling bearings.
In the above embodiment, a set of electromagnetic exciters 2 for monitoring the modal characteristics of the flywheel are respectively arranged in the upper portion and the lower portion of the flywheel 1 in the housing 11, and the electromagnetic exciters 2 are mounted in a non-contact manner with the mandrel 18.
As shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic exciter 2 includes an E-shaped core 21, an exciting coil 22, and a force measuring coil 23; the exciting coil 22 and the force measuring coil 23 are respectively wound in the upper groove and the lower groove of the E-shaped iron core 21; the exciting coil 22 excites the flywheel 1 to acquire the mode of the flywheel, and the force measuring coil 23 is used for monitoring the force output of the electromagnetic exciter 2.
In this embodiment, each group of electromagnetic vibration exciters 2 is formed by arranging four electromagnetic vibration exciters at 90 degrees, as shown in fig. 3, so as to form an on-line monitoring device for modal characteristics of a flywheel, and the modal characteristics of a flywheel shaft system can be obtained in time.
Preferably, 4 non-contact vibration exciters which are orthogonally placed at 90 degrees are arranged at the upper end of the mandrel 18, and can excite the flywheel 1 in a static or rotating state, so that the shafting mode is monitored in real time.
When the electromagnetic excitation device is used, electromagnetic force can be generated by applying current to the excitation coil 22, the electromagnetic exciter 2 can directly utilize the electromagnetic force excitation force to excite the flywheel shaft system to obtain the mode of the flywheel shaft system, and the mode change of the flywheel shaft system can be obtained under the static state or different rotating speed states of the flywheel shaft system to know the working state of the shaft system; the force measuring coil 23 is used for monitoring the force output of the vibration exciter 2, and through detection and adjustment, the phenomenon that the vibration exciting force is overlarge, so that a measured object deforms and moves to influence the vibration exciter output can be avoided.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the permanent magnet bearing 5 includes the upper permanent magnet 51, the axial displacement sensor probe 52, and the lower permanent magnet 53. The upper permanent magnet 51 is embedded on the inner wall surface of the shell 11, the lower permanent magnet 53 is embedded on the upper end surface of the mandrel 18, the polarity of the upper permanent magnet 51 is opposite to that of the lower permanent magnet 53, for example, the N pole of the upper permanent magnet 51 is opposite to the S pole of the lower permanent magnet 53, the S pole of the upper permanent magnet 51 is opposite to the N pole of the lower permanent magnet 53, and when the flywheel is used, axial force is provided for the flywheel 1 through opposite pole attraction, so that the flywheel 1 is suspended. The permanent magnets are arranged in a ring shape, the rings are concentric with the mandrel 18, a plurality of groups of concentric rings with different diameters are respectively arranged, the polarities of the outer surfaces of the permanent magnets on the adjacent concentric rings are opposite, the permanent magnet bearing is made of a Qinfeb rare earth permanent magnet material, and an antioxidation layer is arranged on the surface of the permanent magnet bearing so as to prevent the permanent magnets from being oxidized, and meanwhile, the brittle permanent magnets can be prevented from being broken and flying out.
The axial displacement sensor probe 52 is arranged between the upper permanent magnet 51 and the lower permanent magnet 53, and is used for measuring the dynamic and static gaps of the permanent magnet bearing 5 in real time, so as to ensure that the gaps are within a preset range. The unloading force is reduced when the gap is too large, and the unloading effect is poor; too small gap can cause too large unloading force and collision easily, or the wheel body expands after being heated, so that the gap is too small to generate friction and damage the shafting.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the repulsive force Halbach circular array magnetic levitation device includes a support sleeve 12, an upper Halbach circular array 13, and a lower Halbach circular array 14. The support sleeve 12 is arranged on the lower shaft shoulder of the mandrel 18, the upper Halbach circular ring array 13 is arranged on the support sleeve 12, the lower Halbach circular ring array 14 is arranged on the base 15, and the upper Halbach circular ring array 13 and the lower Halbach circular ring array 14 are formed by sequentially arranging and bonding a plurality of small circular rings to form a unilateral magnetic field. And the upper Halbach circular ring array 13 and the lower Halbach circular ring array 14 are symmetrically arranged, are in clearance fit and mutually repel, and provide axial force for the flywheel 1.
As shown in fig. 6, the arrangement schematic diagram of the repulsive force Halbach circular ring array along the radial section is shown, the arrow direction represents the magnetization direction, and the permanent magnet structures after arrangement are radially arranged and combined together according to a certain arrangement rule, and finally form a single-side magnetic field with great magnetic force, and the axial force is provided for the flywheel to suspend by arranging an upper Halbach circular ring array and a lower Halbach circular ring array which are in clearance fit and mutually repulse; the axial force provided by the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device and the axial force provided by the permanent magnet bearing 5 jointly suspend the flywheel rotor.
In the above embodiment, the bottom outside of the housing 11 is provided with the damping device 19. When the flywheel 1 is vibrating due to incomplete coincidence of the center of mass and the geometric center at high speed rotation, the vibration can be reduced by the damping device 19 provided at the bottom of the flywheel energy storage system. As shown in fig. 7, the damper 19 includes a damper housing 190, and a cooling device 191, a damper housing 192, an O-ring 194, a permanent magnet 195, a damper 196, a bearing housing 197, a ball bearing 198, and a squeeze film 199 provided in the damper housing 190.
The damping device housing 190 is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the shell 11, a damping body shell 192 is arranged in the damping device housing 190, and a cooling device 191 is arranged between the damping device housing 190 and the damping body shell 192;
the damping body 196 is installed with the damping body shell 192 in a clearance fit way, O-shaped rings 194 are arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the clearance, the O-shaped rings 194 adopt a structure centering the journal, and the O-shaped rings 194, the damping body 196 and the damping body shell 192 form a sealing environment to form an extrusion oil film 199; at the same time, a large axial load can also be accommodated by the O-ring 194.
A tile-shaped groove is formed in the outer circular surface of the damping body 196, and a tile-shaped permanent magnet 195 is embedded in the tile-shaped groove; by adopting the surface embedded structure, a 4-pole rotor is formed. The structure has reverse saliency, and the related stamping involved in the surface embedded structure is less complex, so that the structure is simple, low in cost and easier to manufacture than embedded type, as shown in fig. 8.
The bearing seat 197 is matched with the inner circular surface of the damping body 196 and is arranged in the middle of the damping device casing 190; the lower end of the extension portion of the spindle 18 is circumferentially provided with a ball bearing 198, and the ball bearing 198 is fitted with a bearing seat 197.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the damper housing 192 has a hollow structure in which a coil 193 is disposed, and the coil 193 interacts with a permanent magnet 195 to generate an induced voltage; sealing grooves 1921 for accommodating the O-rings 194 are provided at the upper and lower portions of the inner wall surface of the damper housing 192, respectively, and oil outlet holes 1922 and oil inlet holes 1923 are provided at both sides of the damper housing 192, respectively. The oil pressure of the damping oil is controlled through an oil inlet hole 1923 and an oil outlet hole 1922 provided on the damping body casing 192; meanwhile, the vibration state of the flywheel is sensed by the axial displacement sensor 8 and the upper radial displacement sensor 4, and the lower radial displacement sensor 16, so that the oil pressure of the extrusion oil film can be changed according to the vibration state to adjust the damping effect of damping oil.
In use, when the flywheel 1 is in operation, vibration of the flywheel rotor is transmitted to the ball bearing 198, then to the bearing seat 197 and then to the damper 196 through the mandrel 18, and the interaction of the oil film 199, the O-ring 1904, the magnet 195 and the coil 193 can be reduced.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the cooling device 191 includes a housing, a water inlet 1911, a water outlet 1912, and a spiral pipe 1913. The shell is of a cylindrical structure, a water inlet 1911 and a water outlet 1912 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell, a spiral tube 1913 is arranged in the shell, one end of the spiral tube 1913 is communicated with the water inlet 1911, and the other end of the spiral tube 1913 is communicated with the water outlet 1912. In use, circulating water is circulated through the water inlet 1911 and the water outlet 1912, and heat generated by the ball bearing 198 and the bearing mount 197 in the damping device, damping oil, recovery coils, and the like is cooled by heat transfer.
In the above embodiment, the damping device 19 is also provided with an energy recovery device. In the damping device 19, an induced voltage is generated by the interaction of the permanent magnet 195 and the coil 193, and this energy can be reused by the energy recovery device. When the energy recovery device is used, the mandrel 18 can be damped, the lower bearing can dissipate heat, vibration energy can be recovered, and the energy efficiency of the system is improved.
In the above embodiment, the electric/power generation integrated machine 3 is provided on the upper portion of the housing 11 on the spindle 18 below the permanent magnet bearing 5.
In the above embodiment, the upper radial displacement sensor 4 and the lower radial displacement sensor 16 are respectively arranged at the upper auxiliary bearing 6 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17; an axial displacement sensor 8 is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel 18; the vibration state of the flywheel 1 is sensed by the axial displacement sensor 8, the upper radial displacement sensor 4, and the lower radial displacement sensor 16.
In summary, the invention adopts the combined action of a plurality of bearings for the bearing supporting system of flywheel energy storage, so that the flywheel is suspended, and friction is reduced as much as possible. A repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged at the bottom of a flywheel, magnets are arranged and combined together according to a certain arrangement rule in a radial or parallel mode, a single-side magnetic field with high magnetic force is finally formed by the arranged permanent magnet structure, an upper group of Halbach circular ring arrays and a lower group of Halbach circular ring arrays are arranged, are in clearance fit and repel each other, provide axial force for the flywheel, enable the flywheel to suspend, in order to avoid overlarge radial size of the Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device, an axial permanent magnet bearing is arranged at the upper part of the flywheel for unloading, the flywheel is respectively composed of a permanent magnet inlaid in a shell and a permanent magnet inlaid in the upper end face of a flywheel rotor, an N pole is opposite to an S pole, and a part of axial force is provided for the flywheel through opposite pole attraction and is matched with the Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device to jointly provide axial force, so that the suspension of the flywheel is completed. The upper and lower ends of the flywheel rotator are respectively provided with an upper rolling bearing and a lower rolling bearing, so that the flywheel rotator is supported to rotate, and the flywheel rotator has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
The upper part and the lower part of the flywheel are respectively provided with a group of electromagnetic vibration exciters, the electromagnetic vibration exciters can directly utilize electromagnetic force excitation force, and the mode of the flywheel shaft system is known by exciting the shaft system of the flywheel rotor. The traditional design needs to test the modal characteristics before the flywheel rotor is installed, and the natural mode of the rotor is usually excited by beating with a hammer and measured. The mechanical damage to the rotor surface is easily caused by the knocking of the force hammer, and the modal characteristics of the flywheel are not small different from the assembled structural modes before the flywheel is provided with the bearing, so that the measurement of the knocking mode of the flywheel is inaccurate. The electromagnetic excitation device can perform non-contact excitation on the flywheel rotor, the flywheel is in a static state or a rotating state, the modal frequency of the whole shafting can be excited in a non-contact mode, the influence of the gyroscopic effect and the bearing characteristic on the shafting mode can be considered in real time, and compared with the traditional mode measurement, the electromagnetic excitation device has the technical advantages of being online, real-time and accurate.
For the vibration problem of the flywheel during high-speed rotation, the bottom of the flywheel energy storage system is provided with a damping device to reduce the vibration, the damper adopts oil damping, a permanent magnet is arranged in a damping body in the damper, and a coil is arranged in a shell of the damper and used for interacting with a magnet damping body. Meanwhile, an extrusion oil film is arranged in the damper, so that the damping and stabilizing effects on the flywheel energy storage system are achieved. The damping effect can be adjusted by changing the oil pressure and the oil temperature of the extrusion oil film, and the damping oil can also radiate the heat of the damper.
When the vibration of the energy storage flywheel is reduced through the damping device, the energy recovery device is arranged in the damping device, and the part of vibration energy is recovered and utilized. In the damper, a magnet and a coil are arranged, and the magnet and the coil can interact during damping and generate induced voltage to play a role in energy recovery.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A multi-functional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and on-line modal monitoring, comprising:
a bearing end cover (9) is arranged at the top of the shell (11), and a base (15) is arranged at the inner bottom of the shell (11);
the mandrel (18) is arranged in the shell (11) in a penetrating way, the flywheel (1) is arranged in the middle of the mandrel (18), the top of the mandrel (18) is movably connected with the bearing end cover (9), and the bottom of the mandrel (18) penetrates through the base (15) to extend to the outside of the bottom of the shell (11) to form an extension part;
an upper auxiliary bearing (6) arranged on the top of the mandrel (18) and used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel (1);
the permanent magnet bearing (5) is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing (6), is arranged between the upper end surface of the mandrel (18) and the shell (11) and is used for providing axial force for the flywheel (1);
the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base (15) and the mandrel (18) and provides axial force for the flywheel (1), and the repulsive force type Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is matched with the permanent magnet bearing (5) to enable the flywheel (1) to suspend;
a lower auxiliary bearing (17) arranged between the bottom of the housing (11) and the mandrel (18) for supporting the rotation of the flywheel (1);
a group of electromagnetic vibration exciters (2) for monitoring the modal characteristics of the flywheel are respectively arranged in the shell (11) and positioned at the upper part and the lower part of the flywheel (1), and the electromagnetic vibration exciters (2) are installed in a non-contact manner with the mandrel (18);
the electromagnetic vibration exciter (2) comprises an E-shaped iron core (21), an exciting coil (22) and a force measuring coil (23); the exciting coil (22) and the force measuring coil (23) are respectively wound in an upper groove and a lower groove of the E-shaped iron core (21); the exciting coil (22) excites the flywheel (1) to obtain the mode of the flywheel, and the force measuring coil (23) is used for monitoring the force output of the electromagnetic exciter (2);
each group of electromagnetic vibration exciter (2) is formed by arranging four electromagnetic vibration exciters at 90 degrees;
a damping device (19) is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the shell (11);
the damping device (19) comprises a damping device shell (190), and a cooling device (191), a damping body shell (192), an O-shaped ring (194), a permanent magnet (195), a damping body (196), a bearing seat (197), a ball bearing (198) and an extrusion oil film (199) which are arranged in the damping device shell (190);
the damping device shell (190) is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the shell (11), the damping device shell (192) is arranged in the damping device shell (190), and the cooling device (191) is arranged between the damping device shell (190) and the damping device shell (192);
the damping body (196) is installed with the damping body shell (192) in a clearance fit way, the O-shaped rings (194) are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the clearance, the O-shaped rings (194) adopt a structure centering the journal, and the O-shaped rings are arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the clearanceThe O-shaped ring (194) and the valve The damping body (196) and the damping body housing (192) form a sealed environment to form-said squeeze film (199);
the outer circular surface of the damping body (196) is provided with a tile-shaped groove, and a tile-shaped permanent magnet (195) is embedded in the tile-shaped groove;
the bearing seat (197) is matched with the inner circular surface of the damping body (196) and is positioned in the middle of the damping device casing (190); the ball bearing (198) is circumferentially arranged at the lower end of the extension part of the mandrel (18), and the ball bearing (198) is matched with the bearing seat (197).
2. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer ring of the upper auxiliary bearing (6) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the housing (11), the inner ring of the upper auxiliary bearing (6) is mounted in cooperation with the mandrel (18), and the upper auxiliary bearing (6) is positioned by the upper shoulder of the mandrel (18).
3. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet bearing (5) comprises an upper permanent magnet (51), an axial displacement sensor probe (52) and a lower permanent magnet (53);
the upper permanent magnet (51) is inlaid on the inner wall surface of the shell (11), the lower permanent magnet (53) is inlaid on the upper end surface of the mandrel (18), the polarity of the upper permanent magnet (51) and the polarity of the lower permanent magnet (53) are opposite, the permanent magnets are arranged in a circular ring shape, and the circular ring is concentric with the mandrel (18);
the axial displacement sensor probe (52) is arranged between the upper permanent magnet (51) and the lower permanent magnet (53) and is used for measuring the dynamic and static gaps of the permanent magnet bearing (5) in real time, so that the gaps are ensured to be within a preset range.
4. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the repulsive force Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device comprises a support sleeve (12), an upper Halbach circular ring array (13) and a lower Halbach circular ring array (14);
the support sleeve (12) is arranged on the lower shaft shoulder of the mandrel (18), the upper Halbach circular array (13) is arranged on the support sleeve (12), the lower Halbach circular array (14) is arranged on the base (15), and the upper Halbach circular array (13) and the lower Halbach circular array (14) are formed by sequentially arranging and bonding a plurality of small circular rings to form a unilateral magnetic field;
and the upper Halbach circular ring array (13) and the lower Halbach circular ring array (14) are symmetrically arranged, are in clearance fit and are mutually repulsive, and provide axial force for the flywheel (1).
5. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring of claim 1 wherein the damping body housing (192) is of hollow construction with a coil (193) disposed therein, the coil (193) interacting with the permanent magnet (195) to generate an induced voltage; sealing grooves (1921) for accommodating the O-shaped rings (194) are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the inner wall surface of the damping body shell (192), and oil outlets (1922) and oil inlets (1923) are respectively arranged at two sides of the damping body shell (192).
6.The multi-functional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring of claim 1,the cooling device (191) is characterized by comprising a shell, a water inlet (1911), a water outlet (1912) and a spiral tube (1913); the shell is of a cylindrical structure, the top and the bottom of the shell are respectively provided with the water inlet (1911) and the water outlet (1912), the spiral tube (1913) is arranged in the shell, one end of the spiral tube (1913) is communicated with the water inlet (1911), and the other end of the spiral tube (1913) is communicated with the water outletThe ports (1912) are communicated.
7. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and on-line modal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric/power generation integrated machine (3) is arranged on the spindle (18) below the permanent magnet bearing (5) at the upper part of the housing (11).
8. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that an upper radial displacement sensor (4), a lower radial displacement sensor (16) are provided at the upper auxiliary bearing (6) and the lower auxiliary bearing (17), respectively; an axial displacement sensor (8) is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel (18); -sensing the vibrational state of the flywheel (1) by means of the axial displacement sensor (8), the upper radial displacement sensor (4) and the lower radial displacement sensor (16).
CN202210616144.4A 2022-05-31 2022-05-31 Multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions Active CN115199705B (en)

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