CN107425647B - Vehicle-mounted flywheel battery adopting five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted flywheel battery adopting five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107425647B CN107425647B CN201710623045.8A CN201710623045A CN107425647B CN 107425647 B CN107425647 B CN 107425647B CN 201710623045 A CN201710623045 A CN 201710623045A CN 107425647 B CN107425647 B CN 107425647B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
- H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
- H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery adopting a five-freedom-degree hybrid magnetic bearing as a magnetic suspension support.A five-freedom-degree hybrid magnetic bearing is arranged in the middle of the inside of a closed vacuum chamber, a magnetic bearing rotor is coaxially and tightly sleeved outside a magnetic bearing rotating shaft in the middle of the magnetic bearing, a tension disc is tightly sleeved outside the axial middle of the magnetic bearing rotor, a flywheel is fixedly sleeved outside the tension disc, a radial control coil is wound on a stator pole, and an axial control coil is arranged in an axial stator; the motor/generator is arranged in the middle outside the top surface of the shell, and a motor rotating shaft extends into the shell from top to bottom and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the upper end of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft; the pull disc and the flywheel are integrated into a whole, the axial length of the flywheel battery is further shortened, the gyro effect is effectively inhibited, the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing integrates two single-chip three-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearings which are distributed on two sides of the pull disc in a mirror symmetry mode, and the control precision is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries (also called flywheel energy storage devices) for electric automobiles, in particular to a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery adopting a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing as a magnetic suspension support.
Background
The main problem restricting the development of the electric automobile at present is the performance of a vehicle-mounted power battery. The vehicle-mounted flywheel battery realizes energy storage by utilizing the magnetic suspension support and the rotational inertia of the flywheel, and has the advantages of high charging efficiency, high specific energy and specific power, small mass, no pollution and long service life. The requirement for the volume of the flywheel battery is relatively high due to the limited space of the electric automobile, and the magnetic suspension bearing is a key component for providing support for the flywheel battery, and the volume of the magnetic suspension bearing directly influences the volume of the flywheel battery.
At present, the bottleneck of the vehicle-mounted flywheel battery is mainly the gyro effect of a flywheel rotating shaft and is difficult to overcome. When the flywheel battery is interfered by the outside, the gyro effect can be inevitably caused due to the inherent 'shaft' structure of the flywheel battery. Particularly, for a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery, when the vehicle-mounted flywheel battery is started, suddenly stops, turns and the like, a flywheel shaft is subjected to a large gyro moment in a constraint direction, so that a flywheel bearing is subjected to a large additional pressure, and a gyro effect is difficult to control. And the gyroscopic effect of the flywheel rotor can be effectively reduced by shortening the axial length of the flywheel rotor. Most of magnetic suspension support systems adopted by the existing flywheel batteries adopt two-degree-of-freedom and three-degree-of-freedom combination to realize five-degree-of-freedom balance of a rotor. The structural design has low integration level, so that the axial length of the rotor is too long, and the gyroscopic effect is more obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce the gyro effect of a flywheel battery to the maximum extent, and provides a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery which integrates a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing, reduces the axial length of a flywheel rotor, has a compact structure and reduces the gyro effect of the flywheel rotor from the structure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the five-freedom-degree hybrid magnetic bearing is arranged in the middle of the inside of the closed vacuum chamber, a magnetic bearing rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft, a magnetic bearing rotor is coaxially and tightly sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotating shaft, a tension disc is tightly sleeved outside the axial middle of the magnetic bearing rotor, a flywheel is fixedly sleeved outside the tension disc, a radial stator, an axial stator and an annular permanent magnet are further sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotor in a clearance manner, a radial control coil is wound on a stator pole of the radial stator, an axial control coil is arranged in the axial stator, and the annular permanent magnet is axially magnetized; the motor/generator is arranged in the middle of the outer top surface of the shell, the motor rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the motor/generator, and the motor rotating shaft extends into the shell from top to bottom and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the upper end of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft.
Further, when the motor rotating shaft rotates, the magnetic bearing rotor, the tension disc and the flywheel are driven to rotate together, the annular permanent magnet provides a bias magnetic field, and the flywheel is driven to rotate in a suspended mode; when the flywheel drives the tension disc, the magnetic bearing rotor and the motor rotating shaft to rotate together, the direct current is conducted to the axial control coil, one degree of freedom in the axial directions of the magnetic bearing rotor and the motor rotating shaft is controlled, the alternating current is conducted to the radial control coil, and four degrees of freedom in the radial directions of the magnetic bearing rotor and the motor rotating shaft are controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the tension disc and the flywheel are integrated into a whole through interference fit, the axial position is not occupied, the axial length of the flywheel battery is further shortened, the gyroscopic effect of the flywheel battery is effectively inhibited, materials are saved, and the quality of the flywheel battery is reduced.
2. The five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing adopted by the invention integrates two single-chip three-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearings together, and is distributed on two sides of the tension disc in a mirror symmetry mode, so that five-degree-of-freedom control is realized, the integration level is high, and the control precision is high.
3. The motor of the flywheel battery is arranged outside the shell instead of integrating the motor/generator into the shell of the flywheel battery, so that the design reduces the processing difficulty of the flywheel battery and is convenient for the overhaul and the maintenance of the flywheel battery.
4. The invention seals the magnetic bearing and the flywheel in a vacuum shell, and eliminates the loss of the flywheel caused by air friction.
5. The joint of the tension disc and the magnetic bearing rotor is processed into a tooth shape and is installed through interference fit. When the flywheel battery rotates at high speed, the stress borne by the tension disc is mainly concentrated at the joint of the tension disc and the magnetic bearing rotor. The structure enables the stress borne by the joint of the tension disc and the magnetic bearing rotor to be very small, and prevents the flywheel from deforming and even being damaged in a high-speed state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the internal structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the structure of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a sectional view of the five degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing of fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an assembly between the lower radial stator and the magnetic bearing rotor of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the assembled structure between the magnetic bearing rotor, axial stator and tension disc of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the assembled structure between the magnetic bearing rotor, flywheel and tension disc of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the magnetic bearing rotor and tension disc of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing implementing static passive levitation when the present invention is operating in the charging and energy-holding stages;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing implementing radial two-degree-of-freedom balance control when the present invention is operating in a discharge stage;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a five-DOF hybrid magnetic bearing implementing two-DOF balance control of radial rotation when the present invention is operating in the discharging stage;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the five-DOF hybrid magnetic axis for achieving axial single-DOF balance control during the discharging stage of the present invention.
In the figure: 3. a flywheel battery shaft; 4. an upper radial stator; 5. a lower radial stator; 9. a flywheel; 10. a tension disc; 11. a central rotating shaft auxiliary bearing; 12. an upper auxiliary bearing; a lower auxiliary bearing; 14. a magnetic bearing rotor; 15. an upper end cover; 16. a housing; 17. a lower end cover; 18. an electric motor/generator; 19. a coupling; 21,22,23. upper radial control coil; 24,25,26. lower radial control coil; 31. a motor shaft; 32. a magnetic bearing shaft; 41,42,43. upper radial stator pole; 51,52,53 lower radial stator pole; 61. an upper annular permanent magnet; 62. a lower annular permanent magnet; 71. an upper axial stator; 72. a lower axial stator; 73. a disc; 74. a torus; 81. an upper axial control coil; 82. a lower axial control coil; 91. a flywheel hollow cylinder; 92. flywheel hollow disc.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the outermost portion of the present invention is a housing 16, the housing 16 is a hollow cylinder, the top of the housing 16 is hermetically connected to an upper end cap 15, the bottom of the housing is hermetically connected to a lower end cap 17, the upper end cap 15 and the lower end cap 17 have the same shape and are both truncated cone-shaped end caps, and a through hole is formed in the center thereof so as to respectively mount an auxiliary bearing, wherein the upper auxiliary bearing 12 is mounted at the central through hole of the upper end cap 15 by interference fit, the lower auxiliary bearing 13 is mounted at the central through hole of the lower end cap 17 by interference fit, the upper auxiliary bearing 12 and the lower auxiliary bearing 13 have the same shape and size, and the outer diameter thereof is equal to the inner diameter. A sealed vacuum chamber is formed by the housing 16, the upper end cap 15 and the lower end cap 17.
The five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is arranged in the right middle inside the sealed vacuum chamber, and as shown in fig. 3, the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is of a structure which is symmetrical up and down in the axial direction and comprises a magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32, a magnetic bearing rotor 14, a tension disc 10, a radial stator, an axial stator and an annular permanent magnet. The magnetic bearing rotor 14 is coaxially sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32, the tension disc 10, the radial stator, the axial stator and the annular permanent magnet are sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotor 14, the tension disc 10 is tightly and fixedly connected with the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and gaps are reserved between the inner walls of the radial stator, the axial stator and the annular permanent magnet and the outer wall of the magnetic bearing rotor 14.
Referring to fig. 1,2 and 3, the axial center of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 fixes the sleeve tension disc 10 by interference fit. The upper side and the lower side of the tension disc 10 are provided with an axial stator, an annular permanent magnet and a radial stator which are symmetrical up and down. The axial stator is composed of an upper axial stator 71 and a lower axial stator 72, the radial stator is composed of an upper radial stator 4 and a lower radial stator 5, and the annular permanent magnet is composed of an upper permanent magnet 61 and a lower permanent magnet 62. The upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are vertically symmetrical with respect to the tension disc 10, the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5 are vertically symmetrical with respect to the tension disc 10, and the upper permanent magnet 61 and the lower permanent magnet 62 are vertically symmetrical with respect to the tension disc 10. The upper permanent magnet 61 is fixedly laminated between the upper radial stator 4 and the upper axial stator 71, and the lower permanent magnet 62 is fixedly laminated between the lower radial stator 5 and the lower axial stator 72.
The upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5 are coaxially arranged, the upper end face of the upper radial stator 4 is flush with the upper end face of the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and the lower end face of the lower radial stator 5 is flush with the lower end face of the magnetic bearing rotor 14.
The outer diameters of the tension disc 10, the axial stator, the radial stator and the annular permanent magnet are all equal.
Referring to fig. 3 in conjunction with fig. 4, the yoke portion of the upper radial stator 4 and the yoke portion of the lower radial stator 5 are each arranged with three radial stator poles, three upper radial stator poles 41,42,43 and three lower radial stator poles 51,52,53, uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction. The three upper radial stator poles 41,42,43 and the three lower radial stator poles 51,52,53 are identical in shape and overlap in top-to-bottom projection. The upper end surfaces of the three upper radial stator poles 41,42,43 are flush with the upper end surface of the yoke of the upper radial stator 4, and the lower end surfaces of the three lower radial stator poles 51,52,53 are flush with the lower end surface of the yoke of the lower radial stator 5. On each radial stator pole is wound a radial control coil, respectively an upper radial control coil 21,22,23 and a lower radial control coil 24,25,26, 6 identical radial control coils being wound on the three upper radial stator poles 11, 12, 13 and the three lower radial stator poles 81, 82, 83 in a one-to-one correspondence. The inner ends of the three upper radial stator poles 11, 12 and 13 and the three lower radial stator poles 81, 82 and 83 are provided with pole shoes, and the inner surfaces of the pole shoes are circular arc cylindrical surfaces. When the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is in an equilibrium position, a 0.5mm radial air gap remains between the inner surfaces of the pole shoes of the upper radial stator poles 11, 12, 13 and lower radial stator poles 81, 82, 83 and the outer wall of the magnetic bearing rotor 14.
The upper radial control coils 21,22,23 and the upper end cap 15 do not contact each other, and similarly, the lower radial control coils 24,25,26 and the lower end cap 17 do not contact each other.
Referring to fig. 5 in conjunction with fig. 3, the upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 of the axial stator have the same structure and are each in the shape of a disk. The upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are coaxially arranged, are respectively positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the tension disc 10, and leave an axial gap with the tension disc 10. The upper axial stator 71 is not in contact with the upper radial control coils 21,22,23, and the lower axial stator 72 is not in contact with the lower radial control coils 24,25,26. The upper axial stator 71 fixes the upper axial control coil 81 by one bobbin, the upper axial control coil 81 is closely attached to the inner wall of the upper axial stator 71, the lower axial stator 72 fixes the lower axial control coil 82 by the other bobbin, and the lower axial control coil 82 is closely attached to the inner wall of the lower axial stator 72. The upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are coaxially fitted outside the magnetic bearing rotor 14 with a radial gap from the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and an axial gap from the tension disc 10.
The upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 of the axial stator are respectively formed by stacking and fixedly connecting a disc 73 and a ring 74 in the axial direction. The outer diameter of the disc 73 is equal to the outer diameter of the torus 74, and the inner diameter of the torus 74 is much larger than the inner diameter of the disc 73. The upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are respectively closely attached to the inner wall of the corresponding torus 74, and when the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are energized, an axial control magnetic field can be generated in the torus 74. When the flywheel 9 is in the equilibrium position, a radial air gap of 0.5mm is left between the inner wall of the disc 73 on the upper and lower sides of the tension disc 10 and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 in the radial direction. In the axial direction, an axial air gap of 0.5mm is kept between the lower end face of the annular body 74 of the upper axial stator 71 and the upper end face of the tension disc 10; the upper end face of the annular ring 74 of the lower axial stator 72 and the lower end face of the tension disc 10 keep an axial air gap of 0.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, a piece of annular permanent magnet with the same shape, namely an upper annular permanent magnet 61 and a lower annular permanent magnet 62, is fixedly laminated between the upper radial stator 4 and the upper axial stator 71 and between the lower radial stator 5 and the lower axial stator 72 respectively. The upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 are identical in structure, made of high-performance rare earth neodymium iron boron, and axially magnetized, the magnetizing directions of the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 are opposite, and S poles of the annular permanent magnets face each other. The upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 have an inner diameter equal to that of the yoke portions of the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5, and an outer diameter equal to that of the yoke portions of the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the outer walls of the upper radial stator 4 and the lower radial stator 5 are respectively tightly sleeved with an annular magnetic-isolating aluminum ring, wherein the upper magnetic-isolating aluminum ring 27 is tightly sleeved outside the upper radial stator 4 by interference fit, and the lower magnetic-isolating aluminum ring 28 is tightly sleeved outside the lower radial stator 5 by interference fit. The upper magnetic-isolating aluminum ring 27 and the lower magnetic-isolating aluminum ring 28 are respectively and fixedly connected with the corresponding upper end cover 15 and the lower cover 17 in a cold pressure welding mode, so that the fixedly connected radial stator, axial stator and annular permanent magnet are fixed together through the annular magnetic-isolating aluminum ring. In this way, the upper and lower magnetic aluminum isolating rings 27, 28 not only isolate the magnetic field between the upper and lower radial stators 4, 5 and the casing 16, but also play a role in fixing the magnetic bearing. The upper and lower magnetic aluminum barriers 27, 28 have an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the upper and lower radial stators 4, 5, which is much smaller than the inside diameter of the housing 16.
As shown in fig. 6, the tension disc 10 is fixedly fitted over the axial center of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 by interference fit. In the axial direction, the distance from the upper end face of the tension disc 10 to the upper end face of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is equal to the distance from the lower end face of the tension disc 10 in the axial direction to the lower end face of the magnetic bearing rotor 14. The flywheel 9 is fixedly sleeved outside the tension disc 10 through interference fit. The flywheel 9 is composed of a hollow cylinder 91 and a hollow disc 92 connected, the outer diameter of the hollow disc 92 is equal to the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder 91, and the axial length of the hollow cylinder 91 is far greater than that of the hollow disc 92. The hollow disc 92 is coaxially and tightly sleeved in the center of the hollow cylinder 91, the distances from the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the hollow disc 92 to the corresponding upper end surface and lower end surface of the hollow cylinder 91 are equal, and the outer wall of the hollow disc 92 is tightly connected with the inner wall of the hollow cylinder 91. The hollow circular disk 92 is coaxially and tightly sleeved outside the tension disc 10, and the inner wall of the hollow circular disk 92 is tightly contacted with the outer wall of the tension disc 10. The axial thickness of the hollow disk 92 is equal to the axial thickness of the tension disc 10, and the upper and lower end faces of the hollow disk 92 are flush with the upper and lower end faces of the tension disc 10. The hollow cylinder 91 and the hollow disc 92 are both made of high-strength carbon fiber composite material.
Referring to fig. 1, the outer diameters of the upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are much smaller than the inner diameter of the hollow cylindrical body 91 of the flywheel 9, and the upper axial stator 71 and the lower axial stator 72 are located inside the cylindrical body of the hollow cylindrical body 91 of the flywheel 9. The flywheel 9 has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the housing 16. A certain distance is kept between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the flywheel 9 and the lower surface of the upper end cover 15 and the upper surface of the lower end cover 17, so that the flywheel has certain space allowance and can normally run.
As shown in fig. 7, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is machined at its axial center to have a tooth-like structure, and the axial thickness of the tooth-like structure is the axial thickness of the tension disc 10. The tension disc 10 is a hollow disc, the inner wall of the tension disc 10 is processed into a tooth shape matched with the tooth shape on the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is tightly connected with the tension disc 10 through the interference fit of the tooth-shaped structure.
Referring again to fig. 1, the motor/generator 18 is centered above the top surface of the housing 16, the center of the motor/generator 18 is a center shaft 31, and the center shaft 31 mounts the center shaft auxiliary bearing 11. The central rotating shaft 31 extends into the shell 16 from top to bottom, passes through the upper auxiliary bearing 12 on the upper end cover 15 and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the upper end of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 through the coupler 19, and the lower end of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 is connected with the lower end cover 17 through the lower auxiliary bearing 13. Thus, the flywheel battery shaft 3 is formed by the central shaft 31 and the magnetic bearing shaft 32, and the flywheel battery shaft 3 is located at the center of the housing 16.
The magnetic bearing rotor 14 is tightly sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 through interference fit, and the two are fixedly connected together. The axial length of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 is greater than the length of the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and the upper and lower ends of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 extend out of the upper and lower ends of the magnetic bearing rotor 14, respectively. A certain distance is left between the upper end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and the upper end surface of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 and between the lower end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and the lower end surface of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32, so that the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 is connected with the coupler 19 and the lower auxiliary bearing 13.
When the flywheel battery works, the flywheel battery is divided into three stages of charging, energy maintaining and discharging, and the three stages are as follows:
(1) during the charging phase, the motor/generator 18 is in motoring mode. When the flywheel battery needs to be charged, the charging wire of the electric automobile is connected with an external power grid, electric energy from the power grid drives the motor rotating shaft 31 of the motor/generator 18 to rotate after power electronic conversion, and then the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 is driven to rotate together through the coupler 12, and the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 drives the magnetic bearing rotor 14, the tension disc 10 and the flywheel 9 to rotate together. At this time, the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 of the magnetic bearing provide a bias magnetic field, and the static passive levitation rotation of the flywheel 9 is realized. As shown in fig. 8, during static passive levitation, the bias magnetic flux generated by the upper annular permanent magnet 61 passes through the upper radial stator 4 from the N pole thereof, then enters the magnetic bearing rotor 14 through the radial air gap, and then is divided into two paths, one path enters the disc 73 through the air gap between the inner wall magnetic bearing of the disc 73 of the upper axial stator 71 and the rotor 14, the other path enters the tension disc 10 through the magnetic bearing rotor 14, and then enters the annular body 74 of the upper axial stator 71 through the axial air gap, and then enters the disc 73, and finally converges in the disc 73 and returns to the S pole. Similarly, the bias magnetic flux generated by the lower annular permanent magnet 62 is divided into two paths after passing through the lower radial stator 5 from the N pole thereof and entering the magnetic bearing rotor 14 through a radial air gap, one path enters the disc 73 through the inner wall of the disc 73 of the lower axial stator 72 and the air gap between the magnetic bearing rotor 14, one path enters the tension disc 10 through the rotor 14 and enters the annular body 74 of the lower axial stator 72 through the axial air gap and enters the disc 73, and finally the two paths of magnetic paths are converged in the disc 73 and return to the S pole. When the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is in the central equilibrium position, the central axis of the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is located at the center of the magnetic bearing, and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is completely equal to the air-bearing magnetic fluxes between the pole shoes of the upper radial stator poles 41,42,43 and the lower radial stator poles 51,52,53 in the radial direction, so that the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is balanced by the electromagnetic force in the radial direction, and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is stably suspended in the radial direction. In the axial direction, the air gap flux between the upper surface of the tension disc 10 and the lower bottom surface of the annular body 74 of the upper axial stator 71 is completely equal to the air gap flux between the upper surface of the tension disc 10 and the upper surface of the annular body 74 of the lower axial stator 72. The magnetic bearing rotor 14 is balanced in the axial direction by the electromagnetic force, and therefore, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is stably suspended in the axial direction. The flywheel 9 thus stores energy in the form of electrical energy, thereby completing the energy storage process from electrical energy to mechanical energy, with the motor/generator 18 in the motoring mode.
(2) The energy conservation phase is the normal "adequate" state of the battery. The flywheel 9 is maintained at a nearly constant rotational speed. At this time, the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62, which are still magnetic bearings, provide a bias magnetic field, and the static passive levitation rotation of the flywheel 9 is realized. This phase continues until the flywheel battery receives a control signal for energy release.
(3) During the discharging phase, the motor/generator 18 is in the generator state. When the electric automobile is started, the flywheel battery needs to supply electric energy to the electric automobile, the flywheel 9 rotating at high speed drives the tension disc 10, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 and the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 to further drive the motor rotating shaft 31 connected with the magnetic bearing rotating shaft 32 through the coupler 12 to rotate simultaneously, the flywheel 9 serves as a prime mover to drive the motor/generator 18 to generate electricity, and the motor/generator 18 outputs current and voltage suitable for the running of the electric automobile through equipment such as a power converter. The motor/generator 18 is now in the generator state, thereby completing the release of mechanical to electrical energy. In this stage, when the flywheel battery of the invention is disturbed by the outside, such as the electric vehicle moves up and down a slope, turns, brakes and the like, the whole flywheel battery rotating shaft 3 will appear a destabilization state, and the radial two-degree-of-freedom balance, the radial torsion two-degree-of-freedom balance and the axial single-degree-of-freedom balance of the whole flywheel battery rotating shaft 3 need to be realized by controlling the magnetic bearing. In the aspect of axial control, the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are energized with direct current to form an electromagnet with an axial stator, and the magnitude and direction of the stress of the rotor in the axial direction are changed by changing the magnitude and direction of the control direct current, so that the control of one degree of freedom in the axial direction is realized. In the aspect of radial control, alternating current three-phase power is supplied to the upper radial control coils 21,22 and 23 and the lower radial control coils 24,25 and 26 of the three-magnetic-pole radial stators which are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part, and accurate control of four degrees of freedom in the radial direction is realized by changing the current of the radial control coils. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the radial two-degree-of-freedom implementation: when the magnetic bearing rotor 14 deviates from the equilibrium position due to interference in the radial two-degree-of-freedom (X, Y), the upper radial control coils 21,22,23 and the lower radial control coils 24,25,26 are energized, and the generated single magnetic flux points in the direction opposite to the position deviation, thereby generating corresponding radial control magnetic levitation force to return the magnetic bearing rotor 14 to the radial equilibrium position. Assuming that the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is disturbed in the negative radial direction X to shift the equilibrium position, the upper radial control coils 21,22,23 and the lower radial control coils 24,25,26 are energized to generate control magnetic fluxes as indicated by thick solid lines and arrows thereof in fig. 9, the bias magnetic fluxes generated by the upper annular permanent magnet 61 and the lower annular permanent magnet 62 are opposite in direction to the bias magnetic fluxes and the control magnetic fluxes passing through the upper radial stator poles 41, 43 and the lower radial stator poles 51, 53 as indicated by broken lines and arrows thereof in fig. 9, and the total magnetic flux is weakened. The bias flux and control flux in the upper radial stator pole 42 and lower radial stator pole 52 are in the same direction and the total flux is increased so that the single flux in the negative X-axis direction is strengthened and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is returned to the equilibrium position by the magnetic pulling forces F1 and F2 in the negative X-axis direction.
The realization of radial torsion two degrees of freedom: referring to fig. 10, when the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is twisted in two degrees of freedom in the radial direction: (
) When the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is disturbed and deviates from the equilibrium position, the upper radial control coils 21,22,23 and the lower radial control coils 24,25,26 are still energized, and the generated single magnetic flux points in the direction opposite to the position deviation, thereby generating a torque and returning the magnetic bearing rotor 14 to the radial equilibrium position. Assuming that the magnetic bearing rotor 1414 is disturbed to twist in the positive X direction by a twist angle of
Energizing the upper radial control coils 21,22,23 and the lower radial control coils 24,25,26 generates control magnetic fluxes as indicated by thick solid lines and arrows thereof in fig. 10, and the bias magnetic fluxes generated by the upper annular permanent magnet 31 and the lower annular permanent magnet 32 are indicated by broken lines and arrows thereof in fig. 10, it can be seen that,the bias flux and the control flux in the upper radial stator poles 41, 43 are in opposite directions, the total flux in the upper radial stator poles 41, 43 is weakened, the rotor bias flux and the control flux in the upper radial stator poles 42 are in the same direction, the total flux is strengthened, and the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is subjected to a magnetic pulling force F1 in the negative X direction. After the lower radial control coils 51,52,53 are energized, the bias magnetic flux passing through the lower radial stator poles 51, 53 has the same direction as the control magnetic flux, the total magnetic flux passing through the lower radial stator poles 51, 53 is increased, the bias magnetic flux passing through the lower radial stator poles 52 has the opposite direction to the control magnetic flux, and the total magnetic flux is weakened, so that the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is subjected to the magnetic pulling forces F3, F4 of the lower radial stator poles 51, 53, and the resultant magnetic pulling force F2 of the magnetic bearing rotor is directed to the positive X direction, and therefore the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is subjected to the restoring torque to return to the equilibrium position.
Referring to fig. 11, when the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is shifted in the axial direction, the upper axial control coil 81 and the lower axial control coil 82 are energized with dc power, and by changing the magnitude and direction of the dc control current, the magnitude of the air gap flux between the lower surface of the tension disc 10 and the lower bottom surface of the torus 74 of the upper axial stator 71 and the magnitude of the air gap flux between the lower surface of the axially upper tension disc 10 and the upper surface of the torus 74 of the lower axial stator 72 are changed, so that a magnetic attraction force is generated at the axial air gap to return the tension disc 10 to the axial reference equilibrium position. For example, when the tension disc 10 is deflected upward, the air gap flux between the lower surface of the tension disc 10 and the upper surface of the torus 74 of the lower axial stator 72 is increased by increasing the current in the lower axial control coil 82, and thus the resultant electromagnetic force F received by the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is increasedZDownward, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is pulled back to the axial equilibrium position, and thus one degree of freedom in the axial direction is controlled.
Since the magnetic bearing rotor 14 is coaxially and tightly fitted with the motor shaft 32, the magnetic bearing rotor 14 returns to the equilibrium position, that is, the entire flywheel battery shaft 3 returns to the equilibrium position, so that the flywheel battery returns to the equilibrium state again in the unstable state.
The present invention can be realized in light of the above. Other variations and modifications which may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A vehicle-mounted flywheel battery adopting a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing comprises a closed vacuum chamber formed by a shell (16), an upper end cover (15) and a lower end cover (17), and is characterized in that: a five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is arranged in the middle of the inside of the closed vacuum chamber, a magnetic bearing rotating shaft (32) is arranged in the middle of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft, a magnetic bearing rotor (14) is coaxially and tightly sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotating shaft (32), a tension disc (10) is tightly sleeved outside the axial middle of the magnetic bearing rotor (14), a flywheel (9) is fixedly sleeved outside the tension disc (10), a radial stator, an axial stator and an annular permanent magnet are also sleeved outside the magnetic bearing rotor (14) with a gap, a radial control coil is wound on a stator pole of the radial stator, an axial control coil is arranged in the axial stator, and the annular permanent magnet; the motor/generator (18) is arranged in the middle of the outer top surface of the shell (16), the motor rotating shaft (31) is arranged in the middle of the motor/generator (18), and the motor rotating shaft (31) extends into the shell (16) from top to bottom and is coaxially and fixedly connected with the upper end of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft (32);
the upper side and the lower side of the tension disc (10) are provided with an axial stator, an annular permanent magnet and a radial stator which are symmetrical up and down, the axial stator consists of an upper axial stator (71) and a lower axial stator (72), the radial stator consists of an upper radial stator (4) and a lower radial stator (5), and the annular permanent magnet consists of an upper permanent magnet (61) and a lower permanent magnet (62); the upper permanent magnet (61) is fixedly connected between the upper radial stator (4) and the upper axial stator (71), and the lower permanent magnet (62) is fixedly connected between the lower radial stator (5) and the lower axial stator (72);
when the motor rotating shaft (31) rotates, the magnetic bearing rotor (14), the tension disc (10) and the flywheel (9) are driven to rotate together, the annular permanent magnet provides a bias magnetic field, and the flywheel (9) rotates in a passive suspension manner; when the flywheel (9) drives the tension disc (10), the magnetic bearing rotor (14) and the motor rotating shaft (31) to rotate together, direct current is conducted to the axial control coil, one degree of freedom in the axial directions of the magnetic bearing rotor (14) and the motor rotating shaft (31) is controlled, alternating current is conducted to the radial control coil, and four degrees of freedom in the radial directions of the magnetic bearing rotor (14) and the motor rotating shaft (31) are controlled.
2. The vehicular flywheel battery adopting the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the outer walls of the upper radial stator (4) and the lower radial stator (5) are tightly sleeved with annular magnetic-isolation aluminum rings respectively, and the upper annular magnetic-isolation aluminum rings and the lower annular magnetic-isolation aluminum rings are fixedly connected with an upper end cover (15) and a lower cover (17) correspondingly respectively.
3. The vehicular flywheel battery adopting the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the yoke part of the upper radial stator (4) and the yoke part of the lower radial stator (5) are respectively and uniformly provided with three radial stator poles along the circumferential direction, each radial stator pole is wound with a radial control coil, the inner end of each radial stator pole is provided with a pole shoe, and a radial air gap is reserved between the inner surface of each pole shoe and the outer wall of the magnetic bearing rotor (14); axial gaps are reserved between the upper axial stator (71) and the lower axial stator (72) and the tension disc (10).
4. The vehicular flywheel battery adopting the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the upper axial stator (71) and the lower axial stator (72) are respectively formed by axially stacking and fixedly connecting a circular disc (73) and a circular ring body (74), the outer diameter of the circular disc (73) is equal to that of the circular ring body (74), and the inner diameter of the circular ring body (74) is larger than that of the circular disc (73).
5. The vehicular flywheel battery adopting the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the flywheel (9) is formed by connecting a hollow cylinder (91) and a hollow disc (92), the hollow disc (92) is coaxially and tightly sleeved in the center of the inside of the hollow cylinder (91), the axial length of the hollow cylinder (91) is greater than that of the hollow disc (92), the hollow disc (92) is coaxially and tightly sleeved outside the tension disc (10), and the axial thickness of the hollow disc (92) is equal to that of the tension disc (10).
6. The vehicular flywheel battery adopting the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameters of the tension disc (10), the axial stator, the radial stator and the annular permanent magnet are all equal; the axial length of the magnetic bearing rotating shaft (32) is greater than the length of the magnetic bearing rotor (14); the upper end surface of the upper radial stator (4) is flush with the upper end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor (14), and the lower end surface of the lower radial stator (5) is flush with the lower end surface of the magnetic bearing rotor (14).
7. The vehicular flywheel battery adopting the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the axial center of the magnetic bearing rotor (14) is fixedly connected with the tension disc (10) through a tooth-shaped structure.
8. The vehicular flywheel battery adopting the five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing according to claim 1, wherein: the inner diameters of the yoke parts of the radial stators of the annular permanent magnets are equal.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710623045.8A CN107425647B (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-07-27 | Vehicle-mounted flywheel battery adopting five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing |
| PCT/CN2017/099223 WO2019019244A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-08-28 | Vehicle-mounted flywheel battery using five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing |
| CH00667/18A CH713990B1 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-08-28 | Vehicle flywheel battery with a 5-degree hybrid magnetic bearing. |
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| CN201710623045.8A CN107425647B (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2017-07-27 | Vehicle-mounted flywheel battery adopting five-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing |
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| CN107425647B true CN107425647B (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| CN108909524B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-06-22 | 江苏大学 | Magnetic suspension flywheel battery low-power-consumption decoupling controller for electric automobile based on dynamic model |
| CN109378930B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-06-09 | 江苏大学 | Outer rotor vehicle-mounted flywheel energy storage device based on novel magnetic repulsion hybrid magnetic bearing |
| CN109229426B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-09-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Five-freedom-degree double-frame magnetic suspension control moment gyroscope |
| CN110011469B (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-11-20 | 江苏大学 | Vehicle-mounted magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage system with function of inhibiting torsional gyro effect |
| CN113202869B (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2023-08-22 | 南京邮电大学 | Three-degree-of-freedom hybrid bias magnetic bearing |
| CN113422467B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-04-26 | 江苏大学 | Ultrathin vehicle-mounted magnetic suspension flywheel battery and working method thereof |
| US11870323B2 (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2024-01-09 | Jiangsu University | Ultra-thin vehicle-mounted magnetic suspension flywheel battery and operating method thereof |
| CN113991933B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2023-01-06 | 华中科技大学 | Compact flywheel energy storage battery |
| CN114123633B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-09-26 | 江苏大学 | Low-energy-consumption magnetic suspension flywheel battery |
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| WO2019019244A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
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