CN115199705A - Multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions - Google Patents
Multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN115199705A CN115199705A CN202210616144.4A CN202210616144A CN115199705A CN 115199705 A CN115199705 A CN 115199705A CN 202210616144 A CN202210616144 A CN 202210616144A CN 115199705 A CN115199705 A CN 115199705A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/30—Flywheels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/08—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for recovering energy derived from swinging, rolling, pitching or like movements, e.g. from the vibrations of a machine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0402—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means combined with other supporting means, e.g. hybrid bearings with both magnetic and fluid supporting means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
- F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
- F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
- F16C32/0408—Passive magnetic bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/30—Flywheels
- F16F15/315—Flywheels characterised by their supporting arrangement, e.g. mountings, cages, securing inertia member to shaft
- F16F15/3156—Arrangement of the bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2222/00—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
- F16F2222/02—Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects temperature-related
- F16F2222/025—Cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
- F16F2230/0047—Measuring, indicating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
- F16F2230/08—Sensor arrangement
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring, which comprises: the top of the shell is provided with a bearing end cover, and the bottom in the shell is provided with a base; the mandrel penetrates into the shell, the flywheel is arranged in the middle of the mandrel, the top of the mandrel is movably connected with the bearing end cover, and the bottom of the mandrel penetrates through the base and extends to the outside of the bottom of the shell to form an extending part; the upper auxiliary bearing is arranged at the top of the mandrel and used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel; the permanent magnet bearing is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing and arranged between the upper end surface of the mandrel and the shell; the repulsion Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base and the mandrel, provides axial force for the flywheel and is matched with the permanent magnet bearing to enable the flywheel to complete suspension; the lower auxiliary bearing is arranged between the bottom of the shell and the mandrel and used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel. The invention can be applied to the field of energy storage flywheels.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage flywheels, in particular to a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions.
Background
The flywheel energy storage system is an energy storage device for converting mechanical energy and electrical energy, breaks through the limitation of chemical batteries, and realizes energy storage by a physical method. Through the electric/power generation mutual-inverse type bidirectional motor, the mutual conversion and storage between the electric energy and the mechanical kinetic energy of the high-speed running flywheel have the advantages of high energy storage density, high power, high efficiency, long service life, no pollution and the like, and can be widely applied to various aspects such as aerospace, power grid frequency modulation, uninterruptible power supplies, locomotive traction, military (high-power electromagnetic guns, torpedoes) and the like.
The flywheel energy storage system is mainly composed of a rotor system, a bearing system, a motor/generator, a power converter and an auxiliary operation system (comprising a cooling system, a vacuum system and a state detection system). In order to store enough energy, a flywheel rotor is generally designed to be a large-inertia revolving body structure, as the geometric center and the mass center of the flywheel cannot be completely overlapped, vibration is inevitably generated when the flywheel rotates at a high speed, severe vibration impact force directly damages a bearing and seriously damages a system, and besides the bearing system, an effective damping system is needed to damp the vibration and control the stability.
Because the mass and the rotational inertia of the energy storage flywheel are large, the rotating speed is very high, the gyroscopic effect is very obvious, and the transcritical problem exists, the traditional rolling bearing and the fluid dynamic pressure bearing are difficult to meet the requirements of high speed and heavy load and low friction loss. A magnetic suspension bearing is generally adopted to unload most of the weight of the flywheel, and then the magnetic suspension bearing is matched with a mechanical protection bearing for use. Magnetic bearings are mainly classified into two types, namely, active magnetic bearings and passive magnetic bearings. The active magnetic bearing mainly refers to an electromagnetic bearing, and the passive magnetic bearing mainly refers to a permanent magnet bearing. The electromagnetic bearing realizes non-contact supporting of the stator and the rotor by utilizing controlled electromagnetic force, has the advantages of high rotating speed, no abrasion, no need of a lubricating system, low power consumption, self-contained online vibration monitoring function and the like, and is suitable for a high-speed rotor system. However, for a large-inertia low-speed flywheel system, the advantages of the electromagnetic bearing are difficult to exert, the cost is high, the gyroscopic effect of the low-speed large-inertia flywheel is obvious, the control difficulty of the electromagnetic bearing is high, the dynamic instability of a shafting is easy to cause, and the mechanical protection bearing and even the whole machine can be directly damaged.
In order to reduce wind resistance loss as much as possible, the flywheel rotor operates in a vacuum environment, and high-efficiency permanent magnet synchronous motors and converters are adopted to realize rapid conversion of mechanical energy and electric energy of the flywheel. The flywheel system realizes charge and discharge circulation through frequent speed increase and reduction, so that the critical rotating speed is frequently crossed, the modal characteristic of the flywheel rotor system is accurately and timely mastered, and the method is also important for the stable operation of the flywheel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of bearing problems, online monitoring of modal characteristics of a flywheel and vibration control and energy recovery of the flywheel in the operation process of a flywheel energy storage system, and provides a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring functions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring, comprising: the bearing end cover is arranged at the top of the shell, and the base is arranged at the bottom in the shell; the mandrel penetrates through the shell, a flywheel is arranged in the middle of the mandrel, the top of the mandrel is movably connected with the bearing end cover, and the bottom of the mandrel penetrates through the base and extends to the outside of the bottom of the shell to form an extending part; the upper auxiliary bearing is arranged at the top of the mandrel and used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel; the permanent magnet bearing is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing, is arranged between the upper end surface of the mandrel and the shell and is used for providing axial force for the flywheel; the repulsion Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base and the mandrel, provides axial force for the flywheel, and is matched with the permanent magnet bearing to enable the flywheel to complete suspension; and the lower auxiliary bearing is arranged between the bottom of the shell and the mandrel and is used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel.
Further, the outer ring of the upper auxiliary bearing is arranged on the inner wall surface of the shell, the inner ring of the upper auxiliary bearing is installed in a matched mode with the mandrel, and the upper auxiliary bearing is positioned through the upper shaft shoulder of the mandrel.
Further, the permanent magnet bearing comprises an upper permanent magnet, an axial displacement sensor probe and a lower permanent magnet;
the upper permanent magnet is embedded in the inner wall surface of the shell, the lower permanent magnet is embedded in the upper end surface of the mandrel, the polarity of the upper permanent magnet is opposite to that of the lower permanent magnet, the permanent magnets are arranged in a circular ring shape, and the circular ring is concentric with the mandrel;
the axial displacement sensor probe is arranged between the upper permanent magnet and the lower permanent magnet and is used for measuring the dynamic and static gaps of the permanent magnet bearing in real time and ensuring that the gaps are within a preset range.
Furthermore, the repulsive-force Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device comprises a support sleeve, an upper Halbach circular ring array and a lower Halbach circular ring array;
the support sleeve is arranged on a lower shaft shoulder of the mandrel, the upper Halbach circular ring array is arranged on the support sleeve, the lower Halbach circular ring array is arranged on the base, and the upper Halbach circular ring array and the lower Halbach circular ring array are formed by sequentially arranging and bonding a plurality of small circular rings to form a single-side magnetic field;
and the upper Halbach circular ring array and the lower Halbach circular ring array are symmetrically arranged, are in clearance fit and mutually repel, and provide axial force for the flywheel.
Furthermore, a group of electromagnetic vibration exciters for monitoring the modal characteristics of the flywheel are respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the flywheel in the shell, and the electromagnetic vibration exciters are installed with the mandrel in a non-contact manner;
the electromagnetic vibration exciter comprises an E-shaped iron core, an excitation coil and a force measuring coil; the excitation coil and the force measuring coil are wound in an upper groove and a lower groove of the E-shaped iron core respectively; the excitation coil excites the flywheel to obtain the mode of the flywheel, and the force measuring coil is used for monitoring the force output of the electromagnetic vibration exciter.
Further, a damping device is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the shell;
the damping device comprises a damping device shell, and a cooling device, a damping body shell, an O-shaped ring, a permanent magnet, a damping body, a bearing seat, a ball bearing and an extrusion oil film which are arranged in the damping device shell;
the damping device shell is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the shell, the damping body shell is arranged in the damping device shell, and the cooling device is arranged between the damping device shell and the damping body shell;
the damping body and the damping body shell are installed in a clearance fit mode, the O-shaped rings are arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the clearance, the O-shaped rings are of a structure centering on a shaft neck, and the O-shaped rings, the damping body and the damping body shell form a sealing environment to form the squeeze oil film;
a tile-shaped groove is formed in the outer circular surface of the damping body, and the tile-shaped permanent magnet is embedded in the tile-shaped groove;
the bearing seat is matched with the inner circular surface of the damping body and is positioned in the middle of the damping device shell; the ball bearing is arranged at the lower end of the extension part of the mandrel in the circumferential direction and is installed in a matched mode with the bearing seat.
Further, the damping body shell adopts a hollow structure, a coil is arranged in the hollow structure, and the coil and the permanent magnet interact to generate induced voltage; the upper portion and the lower part of the internal face of damping body shell are provided with the seal groove that is used for the holding O type circle respectively, and the both sides of damping body shell are provided with oil outlet and inlet port respectively.
Further, the cooling device comprises a shell, a water inlet, a water outlet and a spiral pipe; the casing is cylindric structure, and its top and bottom are provided with respectively the water inlet with the delivery port, the spiral pipe sets up in the casing, just the one end of spiral pipe with the water inlet intercommunication, the other end of spiral pipe with the delivery port intercommunication.
Further, an electric/power generation integrated machine is arranged on the mandrel below the permanent magnet bearing on the upper portion of the shell.
Furthermore, an upper radial displacement sensor and a lower radial displacement sensor are respectively arranged at the upper auxiliary bearing and the lower auxiliary bearing; an axial displacement sensor is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel; and sensing the vibration state of the flywheel through the axial displacement sensor, the upper radial displacement sensor and the lower radial displacement sensor.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the flywheel rotor supporting system adopts various bearings which are mixed together to jointly act, so that the flywheel is suspended, and the friction loss is reduced as much as possible.
2. The invention is provided with the online monitoring device for the modal characteristics of the flywheel, and can acquire the modal characteristics of the flywheel shafting in time.
3. The invention is provided with the damping device, so that the vibration of the flywheel can be reduced.
4. The flywheel vibration energy recovery device is provided with an energy recovery device, and can recycle part of vibration energy of the flywheel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic exciter according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of an electromagnetic excitation device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a permanent magnet bearing configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a repulsive Halbach circular ring array magnetic levitation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an arrangement of a repulsive-type Halbach circular ring array in an example of the present invention at a section in a radial direction;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a damper device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a damper structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a damper housing in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cooling device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a cooling device built-in coil in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numbers:
1-a flywheel; 2-an electromagnetic vibration exciter; 3, an electric/power generation integrated machine; 4-an upper radial displacement sensor; 5-permanent magnet bearings; 6-upper auxiliary bearing; 7-a gasket; 8-an axial displacement sensor; 9-bearing end caps; 10-bolt; 11-a housing; 12-a support sleeve; 13-upper Halbach circular ring array; 14-lower Halbach circular ring array; 15-a base; 16-lower radial displacement sensor; 17-lower auxiliary bearing; 18-a mandrel; 19-a damping device; a 21-E type core; 22-an excitation coil; 23-a force measuring coil; 51-an upper permanent magnet; 52-axial displacement sensor probe; 53-lower permanent magnet; 190-damping device housing; 191-a cooling device; 192-a damper housing; 193-coil; 194-O-ring; 195-a permanent magnet; 196-a damping body; 197-a bearing seat; 198-ball bearings; 199-squeeze the oil film; 1911-water inlet; 1912-water outlet; 1913-spiral pipe; 1921-seal groove; 1922-oil outlet; 1923-oil inlet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention, are within the scope of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The invention provides a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring, which is a novel magnetic suspension bearing unloading structure. The vibration energy recovery device can support the movement of the rotor, reduce the friction resistance and the loss, can damp the vibration of the flywheel, recover the vibration energy and timely acquire the modal characteristics of a flywheel shaft system. Because the permanent magnet bearing is generally formed by arranging one pair or a plurality of magnetic rings in a radial or axial manner, the permanent magnet bearing has the advantages of large unloading force, low energy consumption, no need of a power supply and simple structure. The invention mixes the permanent magnetic bearing and the mechanical bearing for use, can integrate the advantages of the permanent magnetic bearing and the mechanical bearing, and is suitable for a flywheel energy storage system with low cost and large inertia.
In one embodiment of the invention, a multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring is provided. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the system includes:
the top of the shell 11 is provided with a bearing end cover 9, and the bottom in the shell 11 is provided with a base 15;
the mandrel 18 penetrates through the shell 11, the flywheel 1 is arranged in the middle of the mandrel 18, the top of the mandrel 18 is movably connected with the bearing end cover 9, and the bottom of the mandrel 18 penetrates through the base 15 and extends to the outside of the bottom of the shell 11 to form an extending part;
an upper auxiliary bearing 6 disposed on the top of the spindle 18 for supporting the rotation of the flywheel 1;
the permanent magnet bearing 5 is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing 6, is arranged between the upper end surface of the mandrel 18 and the shell 11, and is used for providing axial force for the flywheel 1;
the repulsion Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base 15 and the mandrel 18, provides axial force for the flywheel 1, and is matched with the permanent magnet bearing 5 to enable the flywheel 1 to complete suspension;
and a lower auxiliary bearing 17 arranged between the bottom 15 of the housing 11 and the spindle 18 for supporting the rotation of the flywheel 1.
In the above embodiment, the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is mounted on the top end of the spindle 18. The outer ring of the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is provided on the inner wall surface of the housing 11, the inner ring of the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is fitted to the spindle 18, and the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is positioned by the upper shoulder of the spindle 18.
Specifically, after the upper auxiliary bearing 6 is placed at a specified position, the gasket 7 is arranged, the bearing end cover 9 is covered, and the bearing end cover is connected with the shell 11 through the bolt 10. An upper auxiliary bearing 6 and a lower auxiliary bearing 17 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the flywheel core shaft 18 to support the flywheel 1 to rotate. In the present embodiment, rolling bearings are used for both the upper auxiliary bearing 6 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17.
In the above embodiment, a set of electromagnetic exciters 2 for monitoring the modal characteristics of the flywheel is respectively arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the flywheel 1 in the housing 11, and the electromagnetic exciters 2 are installed in a non-contact manner with the mandrel 18.
As shown in fig. 2, the electromagnetic exciter 2 comprises an E-shaped iron core 21, an exciting coil 22 and a force measuring coil 23; an excitation coil 22 and a force measuring coil 23 are respectively wound in an upper groove and a lower groove of the E-shaped iron core 21; the exciting coil 22 excites the flywheel 1 to obtain the mode thereof, and the force measuring coil 23 is used for monitoring the force output of the electromagnetic vibration exciter 2.
In this embodiment, each set of electromagnetic exciters 2 is formed by arranging four electromagnetic exciters at 90 °, as shown in fig. 3, to form an online monitoring device for the modal characteristics of the flywheel, so that the modal characteristics of the flywheel shaft system can be obtained in time.
Preferably, 4 90-degree orthogonally-arranged non-contact vibration exciters are arranged at the upper end of the mandrel 18, the flywheel 1 in a static or rotating state can be excited, and a shafting mode is monitored in real time.
When the excitation device is used, the excitation coil 22 can generate electromagnetic force by electrifying current, the electromagnetic vibration exciter 2 can directly utilize the electromagnetic force excitation force to excite the flywheel shafting to obtain the mode of the flywheel shafting, and can also obtain the mode change of the flywheel shafting in a static state or different rotating speed states to know the working state of the shafting; the force measuring coil 23 is used for monitoring the force output of the vibration exciter 2, and the phenomenon that the vibration exciter output is influenced due to deformation and movement of a measured object caused by overlarge exciting force can be avoided through detection and adjustment.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the permanent magnet bearing 5 includes the upper permanent magnet 51, the axial displacement sensor probe 52, and the lower permanent magnet 53. The upper permanent magnet 51 is embedded in the inner wall surface of the shell 11, the lower permanent magnet 53 is embedded in the upper end surface of the mandrel 18, the polarity of the upper permanent magnet 51 is opposite to that of the lower permanent magnet 53, for example, the N pole of the upper permanent magnet 51 is opposite to the S pole of the lower permanent magnet 53, and the S pole of the upper permanent magnet 51 is opposite to the N pole of the lower permanent magnet 53. Each permanent magnet is arranged in a circular shape, the circular rings are concentric with the mandrel 18 and are a plurality of groups of concentric circular rings with different diameters, the polarities of the outer surfaces of the permanent magnets on the adjacent concentric circular rings are opposite, the permanent magnet bearing is made of a rare earth permanent magnet material of Ganzenboron, and the surface of the permanent magnet bearing is provided with an antioxidation layer so as to prevent the permanent magnets from being oxidized and prevent brittle permanent magnets from being broken and flying out.
The axial displacement sensor probe 52 is arranged between the upper permanent magnet 51 and the lower permanent magnet 53, and is used for measuring the dynamic and static gaps of the permanent magnet bearing 5 in real time, and ensuring that the gaps are within a preset range. The unloading force is reduced if the clearance is too large, and the unloading effect is not good; too big, and easy the bumping of uninstallation power is then taken place to the clearance undersize, perhaps the wheel body is heated the back, expands, leads to the clearance undersize and takes place to bump and rub, damages the shafting.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the repulsive-type Halbach circular ring array magnetic levitation apparatus includes a support sleeve 12, an upper Halbach circular ring array 13, and a lower Halbach circular ring array 14. The support sleeve 12 is arranged on a lower shaft shoulder of the mandrel 18, the upper Halbach circular ring array 13 is arranged on the support sleeve 12, the lower Halbach circular ring array 14 is arranged on the base 15, and the upper Halbach circular ring array 13 and the lower Halbach circular ring array 14 are formed by sequentially arranging and bonding a plurality of small circular rings to form a single-side magnetic field. And the upper Halbach circular ring array 13 and the lower Halbach circular ring array 14 are symmetrically arranged, are in clearance fit and mutually repel, and provide axial force for the flywheel 1.
As shown in fig. 6, the schematic diagram of the repulsive Halbach circular ring arrays arranged along the section of the radius direction, the arrow direction represents the magnetization direction, and the arrays are radially arranged and combined together according to a certain arrangement rule, the permanent magnet structure after arrangement finally forms a single-side magnetic field with a very large magnetic force, and the upper and lower Halbach circular ring arrays are arranged, in clearance fit and mutually repulsive, so as to provide an axial force for the flywheel, and make the flywheel suspended; the axial force provided by the repulsion Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device and the axial force provided by the permanent magnet bearing 5 jointly suspend the flywheel rotor.
In the above embodiment, the damping device 19 is provided on the bottom outside of the housing 11. When the flywheel 1 generates vibration due to the fact that the mass center and the geometric center are not completely overlapped when rotating at a high speed, the vibration can be reduced through the damping device 19 arranged at the bottom of the flywheel energy storage system. As shown in fig. 7, the damper 19 includes a damper housing 190, and a cooling device 191, a damper body housing 192, an O-ring 194, a permanent magnet 195, a damper body 196, a bearing housing 197, a ball bearing 198, and a squeeze film 199, which are provided in the damper housing 190.
The damping device shell 190 is arranged at the outer side of the bottom of the shell 11, a damping body shell 192 is arranged in the damping device shell 190, and a cooling device 191 is arranged between the damping device shell 190 and the damping body shell 192;
the damping body 196 and the damping body shell 192 are installed in a clearance fit mode, the upper portion and the lower portion of the clearance are provided with O-shaped rings 194, the O-shaped rings 194 adopt a structure centering on a shaft neck, and the O-shaped rings 194, the damping body 196 and the damping body shell 192 form a sealing environment to form an extrusion oil film 199; at the same time, a large axial load can be borne by the O-ring 194.
A tile-shaped groove is formed in the outer circular surface of the damping body 196, and the tile-shaped permanent magnet 195 is embedded in the tile-shaped groove; with this surface-embedded structure, a 4-pole rotor is formed. The structure has inverse convexity and the associated stamping involved in the surface-embedded structure is less complex, so that it is simpler to construct, less costly, and easier to manufacture than an embedded structure, as shown in fig. 8.
The bearing seat 197 is matched and arranged with the inner circular surface of the damping body 196 and is positioned in the middle of the damping device shell 190; the lower end of the extension of the mandrel 18 is circumferentially provided with a ball bearing 198, and the ball bearing 198 is fitted with a bearing seat 197.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 9, the damper housing 192 is a hollow structure, a coil 193 is disposed in the hollow structure, and the coil 193 interacts with the permanent magnet 195 to generate an induced voltage; a sealing groove 1921 for accommodating the O-ring 194 is provided in the upper and lower portions of the inner wall surface of the damper housing 192, and an oil outlet 1922 and an oil inlet 1923 are provided on both sides of the damper housing 192. The oil pressure of the damping oil is controlled through an oil inlet 1923 and an oil outlet 1922 arranged on the damping body shell 192; meanwhile, the vibration state of the flywheel is sensed through the axial displacement sensor 8, the upper radial displacement sensor 4 and the lower radial displacement sensor 16, and the damping effect of the damping oil liquid can be adjusted by changing the oil pressure of the squeeze film according to the vibration state.
In use, when the flywheel 1 is in operation, the vibration of the flywheel rotor is transmitted to the ball bearing 198, then to the bearing seat 197 and further to the damping body 196 through the mandrel 18, and the vibration can be reduced through the interaction of the squeeze film 199, the O-ring 1904, the magnet 195 and the coil 193.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the cooling device 191 includes a housing, a water inlet 1911, a water outlet 1912, and a spiral pipe 1913. The shell is of a cylindrical structure, a water inlet 1911 and a water outlet 1912 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the shell, a spiral pipe 1913 is arranged in the shell, one end of the spiral pipe 1913 is communicated with the water inlet 1911, and the other end of the spiral pipe 1913 is communicated with the water outlet 1912. When the damping device is used, circulating water is introduced from the water inlet 1911 and the water outlet 1912 to cool the ball bearing 198 and the bearing seat 197 in the damping device, the damping oil, the recovery coil, and the like through heat transfer.
In the above embodiment, the damping device 19 is further provided with an energy recovery device. In the damping device 19, an induced voltage is generated by the interaction of the permanent magnet 195 and the coil 193, and this energy can be reused by an energy recovery device. When the vibration-damping and energy-recovery device is used, the vibration of the core shaft 18 can be reduced, the lower bearing can dissipate heat, vibration energy can be recovered, and the energy efficiency of the system is improved.
In the above embodiment, the integrated motor/generator 3 is disposed on the mandrel 18 below the permanent magnet bearing 5 at the upper part of the housing 11.
In the above embodiment, the upper radial displacement sensor 4 and the lower radial displacement sensor 16 are respectively disposed at the upper auxiliary bearing 6 and the lower auxiliary bearing 17; an axial displacement sensor 8 is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel 18; the vibration state of the flywheel 1 is sensed by the axial displacement sensor 8, the upper radial displacement sensor 4 and the lower radial displacement sensor 16.
In conclusion, the invention adopts a plurality of bearings to mix together and act together for the bearing supporting system of the flywheel energy storage, so that the flywheel is suspended, and the friction is reduced as much as possible. A repulsion Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged at the bottom of a flywheel, magnets are arranged and combined together in a radial mode or a parallel mode according to a certain arrangement rule, a unilateral magnetic field with a very large magnetic force is finally formed by the arranged permanent magnet structures, an upper Halbach circular ring array and a lower Halbach circular ring array are arranged and are in clearance fit and mutually exclusive, and axial force is provided for the flywheel to enable the flywheel to be suspended. The upper end and the lower end of the flywheel rotating body are respectively provided with the upper rolling bearing and the lower rolling bearing to support the rotation of the flywheel, and the flywheel rotating body has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
The upper part and the lower part of the flywheel are respectively provided with a group of electromagnetic vibration exciters, and the electromagnetic vibration exciters can directly utilize electromagnetic force to excite the vibration force to know the mode of a flywheel shaft system by exciting the shaft system of the flywheel rotor. The traditional design needs to perform modal characteristic test before the flywheel rotor is installed, and the model is generally knocked by a force hammer to excite the inherent mode of the rotor and measure the mode. Mechanical damage to the surface of the rotor is easily caused by the force hammer knocking, and before the flywheel is installed on the bearing, the modal characteristics of the flywheel are different from those of the assembled structure, so that the flywheel knocking modal measurement is inaccurate. The electromagnetic excitation device can carry out non-contact excitation on the flywheel rotor, the flywheel is in a static or rotating state, the modal frequency of the whole shafting can be excited in a non-contact manner, the influence of the gyroscopic effect and the bearing characteristic on the shafting modal can be considered in real time, and the electromagnetic excitation device has the technical advantages of being online, real-time and accurate compared with the traditional modal measurement.
For the vibration problem of the flywheel during high-speed rotation, the bottom of a flywheel energy storage system is provided with a damping device to reduce vibration, the damper adopts oil damping, a permanent magnet is installed in a damping body in the damper, and a coil is arranged in a shell of the damper and used for interacting with a magnet damping body. Meanwhile, an extrusion oil film is arranged in the damper, and the damping and stabilizing effects on a flywheel energy storage system are achieved. The damping effect can be adjusted by changing the oil pressure and the oil temperature of the squeeze oil film, and the damping oil can also dissipate heat of the damper.
When the damping device is used for reducing the vibration of the energy storage flywheel, the energy recovery device is also arranged in the damping device, and the part of vibration energy is recycled. In the damper, a magnet and a coil are arranged, and the magnet and the coil can interact with each other during damping, generate induced voltage and play a role in energy recovery.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring, comprising:
the bearing device comprises a shell (11), a bearing end cover (9) is arranged at the top of the shell, and a base (15) is arranged at the bottom in the shell (11);
the mandrel (18) penetrates through the shell (11), the flywheel (1) is arranged in the middle of the mandrel (18), the top of the mandrel (18) is movably connected with the bearing end cover (9), and the bottom of the mandrel (18) penetrates through the base (15) and extends to the outside of the bottom of the shell (11) to form an extending part;
the upper auxiliary bearing (6) is arranged at the top of the mandrel (18) and is used for supporting the rotation of the flywheel (1);
the permanent magnet bearing (5) is positioned below the upper auxiliary bearing (6), is arranged between the upper end surface of the mandrel (18) and the shell (11), and is used for providing axial force for the flywheel (1);
the repulsion Halbach circular ring array magnetic suspension device is arranged between the base (15) and the mandrel (18), provides axial force for the flywheel (1), and is matched with the permanent magnet bearing (5) to enable the flywheel (1) to complete suspension;
a lower auxiliary bearing (17) disposed between the bottom of the housing (11) and the spindle (18) for supporting rotation of the flywheel (1).
2. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outer ring of the upper auxiliary bearing (6) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the housing (11), the inner ring of the upper auxiliary bearing (6) is installed with the spindle (18) in a matching manner, and the upper auxiliary bearing (6) is positioned by the upper shoulder of the spindle (18).
3. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the permanent magnet bearing (5) comprises an upper permanent magnet (51), an axial displacement sensor probe (52) and a lower permanent magnet (53);
the upper permanent magnet (51) is embedded in the inner wall surface of the shell (11), the lower permanent magnet (53) is embedded in the upper end surface of the mandrel (18), the polarity of the upper permanent magnet (51) is opposite to that of the lower permanent magnet (53), the permanent magnets are arranged in a circular ring shape, and the circular ring is concentric with the mandrel (18);
the axial displacement sensor probe (52) is arranged between the upper permanent magnet (51) and the lower permanent magnet (53) and is used for measuring the dynamic and static gaps of the permanent magnet bearing (5) in real time to ensure that the gaps are within a preset range.
4. The multifunctional energy-storing flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the repulsive Halbach circular ring array magnetic levitation device comprises a support sleeve (12), an upper Halbach circular ring array (13) and a lower Halbach circular ring array (14);
the support sleeve (12) is arranged on a lower shaft shoulder of the mandrel (18), the upper Halbach circular ring array (13) is arranged on the support sleeve (12), the lower Halbach circular ring array (14) is arranged on the base (15), and the upper Halbach circular ring array (13) and the lower Halbach circular ring array (14) are formed by sequentially arranging and bonding a plurality of small circular rings to form a single-side magnetic field;
and the upper Halbach circular ring array (13) and the lower Halbach circular ring array (14) are symmetrically arranged, are in clearance fit and mutually repel, and provide axial force for the flywheel (1).
5. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, a set of electromagnetic exciters (2) for monitoring the modal characteristics of the flywheel are respectively arranged in the upper part and the lower part of the flywheel (1) in the housing (11), and the electromagnetic exciters (2) are installed with the mandrel (18) in a non-contact way;
the electromagnetic vibration exciter (2) comprises an E-shaped iron core (21), an exciting coil (22) and a force measuring coil (23); the excitation coil (22) and the force measuring coil (23) are respectively wound in an upper groove and a lower groove of the E-shaped iron core (21); the excitation coil (22) excites the flywheel (1) to obtain the mode of the flywheel, and the force measuring coil (23) is used for monitoring the force output of the electromagnetic vibration exciter (2).
6. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a damping device (19) is provided outside the bottom of the housing (11);
the damping device (19) comprises a damping device shell (190), and a cooling device (191), a damping body shell (192), an O-shaped ring (194), a permanent magnet (195), a damping body (196), a bearing seat (197), a ball bearing (198) and an extrusion oil film (199) which are arranged in the damping device shell (190);
the damping device shell (190) is arranged on the outer side of the bottom of the shell (11), the damping body shell (192) is arranged in the damping device shell (190), and the cooling device (191) is arranged between the damping device shell (190) and the damping body shell (192);
the damping body (196) is installed in a clearance fit mode with the damping body shell (192), the O-shaped ring (194) is arranged on the upper portion and the lower portion of the clearance, the O-shaped ring (194) adopts a structure centering on a shaft neck, and the O-shaped ring (194), the damping body (196) and the damping body shell (192) form a sealing environment to form the squeeze oil film (199);
a tile-shaped groove is formed in the outer circular surface of the damping body (196), and a tile-shaped permanent magnet (195) is embedded in the tile-shaped groove;
the bearing seat (197) is matched with the inner circular surface of the damping body (196) and is positioned in the middle of the damping device shell (190); the ball bearing (198) is arranged on the lower end of the extending portion of the mandrel (18) in the circumferential direction, and the ball bearing (198) is installed in a matched mode with the bearing seat (197).
7. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the damping body housing (192) is of a hollow structure, a coil (193) is arranged in the hollow structure, and the coil (193) interacts with the permanent magnet (195) to generate an induced voltage; the upper part and the lower part of the inner wall surface of the damping body shell (192) are respectively provided with a sealing groove (1921) for containing the O-shaped ring (194), and an oil outlet (1922) and an oil inlet (1923) are respectively arranged on two sides of the damping body shell (192).
8. The multifunctional energy storing flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online mode monitoring as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the cooling device (191) comprises a housing, a water inlet (1911), a water outlet (1912) and a spiral (1913); the shell is of a cylindrical structure, the water inlet (1911) and the water outlet (1912) are formed in the top and the bottom of the shell respectively, the spiral pipe (1913) is arranged in the shell, one end of the spiral pipe (1913) is communicated with the water inlet (1911), and the other end of the spiral pipe (1913) is communicated with the water outlet (1912).
9. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damping energy recovery and online modal monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an all-in-one motor/generator (3) is arranged on the mandrel (18) below the permanent magnet bearing (5) at the upper part of the housing (11).
10. The multifunctional energy storage flywheel system with damped energy recovery and online modal monitoring as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that an upper radial displacement sensor (4), a lower radial displacement sensor (16) are provided at the upper auxiliary bearing (6) and the lower auxiliary bearing (17), respectively; an axial displacement sensor (8) is arranged at the lower part of the mandrel (18); and sensing the vibration state of the flywheel (1) through the axial displacement sensor (8), the upper radial displacement sensor (4) and the lower radial displacement sensor (16).
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