Background
Heavy commercial car because weight is big, when braking for a long time, the initiative exhaust braking is very easily out of order because overheated, installs the hydrophone additional, and cold and hot uneven brake is very easily damaged again, also can't use in cold areas, installs hydraulic retarber additional and becomes present mainstream mode. The hydraulic retarder is an auxiliary braking device, has small volume, light weight and high braking efficiency, reduces the braking operation of a driver, reduces the utilization rate of exhaust braking, greatly saves the cost and can also effectively improve the traffic safety rate.
At the car braking in-process who carries on hydraulic retarber, hydraulic retarber works, and car kinetic energy consumes in the friction of retarber working solution and to the impact of stator and convert into heat energy, makes working solution temperature rise, and the heat of working solution is passed through cooling system and is dispelled. An efficient and reliable cooling system is an important guarantee for long-time normal operation of the hydraulic retarder.
The cooling system of the conventional hydraulic retarder is integrated with an engine, heat exchange needs to be carried out by depending on cooling water of an intermediate medium, heat generated during the work of the retarder is extremely large, and the engine cooling system is difficult to bear the heat exchange so much, so that the working performance of the hydraulic retarder is greatly reduced. Most hydraulic retarders can only exert about one half of the maximum braking performance. The cooling system of the hydrodynamic retarder is commonly shared with an engine and a gearbox, the retarder oil is cooled by water circulated by the engine, and a heat dissipation system of the engine dissipates heat. When the hydraulic retarder works for a long time, the requirement on the cooling speed of the cooling system is high, and the engine cooling system can not always guarantee effective cooling of the hydraulic retarder, so that the braking efficiency of the retarder is obviously reduced.
Sharing a cooling system with the gearbox limits the mounting location of the retarder, which cannot be mounted at a distance from the engine. Most of the load capacity of heavy tractors is concentrated on the trailer at the rear position, and the pressure born by the tires of the trailer is far stronger than the strength of the tires at the head of the trailer, so that high temperature and thermal attenuation are often generated when the traditional brake of the trailer works, and the tires are ignited, even burst and have tail flicks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydraulic retarder with an independent cooling mechanism, which can work and brake for a long time and prolong the service life of the hydraulic retarder.
Still another object of the present invention is to enable the retarder to be disposed separately from the engine, thereby preventing the carrying weight of the vehicle from being concentrated and improving the safety of the vehicle.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a hydrodynamic retarder with an independent cooling mechanism comprises:
the stator is fixedly arranged in a working cavity of the hydrodynamic retarder;
the rotor is arranged in a working cavity of the hydraulic retarder and is connected with a transmission mechanism of an automobile;
the oil storage cavity is used for containing retarder oil and providing the retarder oil for the working cavity;
a communication chamber for receiving retarder oil drained from the working chamber;
the heat exchanger is internally provided with a heat exchange cavity; a liquid inlet of the heat exchange cavity is communicated with the communicating chamber, and a liquid outlet of the heat exchange cavity is communicated with the oil storage cavity;
a coolant pipe having a cooling medium therein;
the inlet end of the compressor is communicated with one end of the cooling liquid pipeline;
the inlet end of the condenser is communicated with the outlet end of the compressor;
and the inlet end of the expansion valve is communicated with the outlet end of the condenser, and the outlet end of the expansion valve is communicated with the other end of the cooling liquid pipeline.
Preferably, the hydrodynamic retarder with the independent cooling mechanism further includes:
and the cooling fan is arranged on the condenser and used for cooling the condenser.
Preferably, the communication chamber is connected with the working chamber through a first pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged on the first pipeline.
Preferably, the oil storage cavity comprises an oil cavity and an air cavity, and the oil cavity and the air cavity are separated by the oil surface of the retarder; further comprising:
and the air source is communicated with the air cavity through a second pipeline and is used for pumping high-pressure air into the air cavity and pressing the retarder oil in the oil cavity into the working cavity.
Preferably, the second pipeline is provided with an air inlet and outlet valve group.
Preferably, the coolant line is a serpentine path.
Preferably, the hydrodynamic retarder with an independent cooling mechanism further includes:
and the temperature sensor is arranged in the working cavity and used for detecting the temperature of the retarder oil in the working cavity.
Preferably, the hydrodynamic retarder with an independent cooling mechanism further includes:
and a retarder ECU electrically connected to the temperature sensor, the compressor, and the cooling fan, respectively.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) The hydraulic retarder with the independent cooling mechanism can ensure the long-time working performance of the hydraulic retarder and prolong the service life of the hydraulic retarder; and the influence of the cooling mode of the traditional hydrodynamic retarder on the performance of the engine is avoided.
(2) The hydraulic retarder with the independent cooling mechanism provided by the invention can be arranged separately from the engine, so that accidents are effectively avoided.
(3) The hydraulic retarder with the independent cooling mechanism provided by the invention can simplify the installation operation of the hydraulic retarder, the independent cooling mechanism is convenient to adapt to different hydraulic retarders, and the development cost of the retarder is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a hydrodynamic retarder with an independent cooling mechanism, including: the retarder comprises a retarder ECU1, a working cavity 2, a temperature sensor 3, a rotor 4, a stator 5, a one-way valve 6, a retarder working cavity oil inlet pipeline 7, a communication chamber 8, a heat exchanger oil inlet pipeline 9, a heat exchanger 10, an expansion valve 11, a cooling fan 12, a condenser 13, a compressor 14, a heat exchanger oil outlet pipeline 15, a retarder external environment 16, an air inlet and outlet valve group 17, an air source 18 and an oil storage cavity 19.
The working cavity 2 of the retarder is arranged at the rear end of the gearbox or on a trailer axle, and the stator 5 is fixedly arranged in the working cavity 2 of the hydraulic retarder; the rotor 4 is rotatably arranged in the working chamber 2 of the hydrodynamic retarder, and power is taken from a gearbox, a gearbox output end or a trailer axle as the input of the rotor 4. Rotor 4 and stator 5 have the blade respectively, and the drive mechanism of car transmits kinetic energy to rotor 4, and the retarber during operation, rotor 4 is high-speed rotatory, beats retarder oil in the working chamber on stator 5, and stator 5 produces the reaction force to retarder oil, and braking force promptly produces a large amount of heats, makes retarder oil in the working chamber 2 heated. Through the action of rotor 4 and stator 5, convert kinetic energy into the heat energy of retarber oil.
The oil reservoir 19 is intended to contain retarder oil and to provide retarder oil to the working chamber 2. Wherein, oil storage chamber 19 is connected with working chamber 2 through retarber working chamber oil feed pipeline 7, and the retarber oil in the oil storage chamber 19 gets into in working chamber 2 through retarber working chamber oil feed pipeline 7.
The communicating chamber 8 is used for receiving the hot retarder oil discharged from the working cavity 2; the intercommunication room 8 is connected with working chamber 2 through first pipeline, be provided with check valve 6 on the first pipeline, make hot retarder oil can only flow to intercommunication room 8 by working chamber 2, and the retarder oil in the intercommunication room 8 can't flow back to working chamber 2.
In one embodiment, the oil storage cavity 19 is located at the rear end of the retarder working cavity 2, the oil storage cavity 19 is divided into an oil cavity and an air cavity by a retarder oil surface 1901, the oil cavity is filled with retarder oil, and the air cavity is located above the retarder oil surface 1901. The oil cavity of the oil storage cavity 19 is connected with the retarder working cavity 2 through the retarder working cavity oil inlet pipeline 7.
The air source 18 is a vehicle-mounted air source, and the air source 18 is communicated with an air cavity of the oil storage cavity 19 through a second pipeline and is used for pumping high-pressure air into the air cavity. High-pressure gas is pumped into the air cavity through an air source 18, and retarder oil in the oil cavity is pressed into the working cavity 2 through a retarder working cavity oil inlet pipeline 7.
Preferably, the second pipeline is provided with an air inlet and outlet valve group 17, and the air inlet and outlet valve group 17 can realize the functions of discharging high-pressure air of an air source 18 into an air cavity of the oil storage cavity 19 and discharging air in the oil storage cavity 19 to the environment outside the retarder. The air inlet and outlet valve group 17 is electrically connected with the retarder ECU1, and the air inlet and outlet functions of the air inlet and outlet valve group 17 are controlled to be switched through the retarder ECU 1.
The heat exchanger 10 has a heat exchange cavity (cavity) inside; and a liquid inlet of the heat exchange cavity is communicated with the communicating chamber 8 through a heat exchanger oil inlet pipeline 9, and the hot retarder oil in the communicating chamber 8 is transmitted into the heat exchange cavity of the heat exchanger 10. A cooling liquid pipeline 10a is arranged in the heat exchange cavity, and cooling liquid is arranged in the heat exchange cavity; the hot retarder oil in the heat exchange cavity exchanges heat with a cooling medium (cooling liquid) in the cooling liquid pipeline 10a, so that the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid pipeline 10a is evaporated (becomes low-temperature and low-pressure cooling liquid vapor) to absorb the heat of the retarder oil in the heat exchanger 10, and the temperature of the retarder oil is reduced. And a liquid outlet of the heat exchange cavity is communicated with the oil storage cavity 19 through a heat exchanger oil outlet pipeline 15, and the retarder oil cooled by the heat exchanger 10 is discharged back to the oil storage cavity 19.
As a further preference, the coolant line 10a is provided as a curved serpentine channel to increase the contact area of the cooling line with the retarder oil and increase the cooling rate of the retarder oil.
The inlet end of the cooling passage of the compressor 14 communicates with one end of the cooling liquid pipe 10 a; the inlet end of the condenser 13 communicates with the outlet end of the cooling passage of the compressor 14. The low-temperature and low-pressure coolant discharged from the coolant line 10a of the heat exchanger 10 is vapor-compressed by the compressor 14 into high-temperature and high-pressure coolant vapor, and then discharged into the condenser 13. A cooling liquid pipeline which is bent and coiled is arranged inside the condenser 13, and a cooling fan 12 is arranged on the condenser 13 to cool the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid steam which passes through the condenser 13 and liquefy the high-temperature and high-pressure cooling liquid steam into liquid cooling liquid.
An inlet end of the expansion valve 11 communicates with an outlet end of the condenser 13, and an outlet end of the expansion valve 11 communicates with the other end of the coolant line 10 a. The expansion valve 11 converts the liquid cooling liquid discharged from the condenser 13 into low-temperature and low-pressure atomized cooling liquid, and the low-temperature and low-pressure atomized cooling liquid flows back to the cooling liquid pipeline 10a through the outlet end of the expansion valve 11 and enters the next cycle.
As a further preferred option, the hydrodynamic retarder with an independent cooling mechanism further comprises a temperature sensor 3, which is arranged in the working chamber 2 and is used for detecting the temperature of the retarder oil in the working chamber 2.
The retarder ECU1 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 3, the compressor 14, the intake and exhaust valve group 17, and the cooling fan 12, respectively. ECU1 control compressor 14, cooling fan 12, air intake and exhaust valves 17's operating condition, temperature sensor 3 detects the interior oil temperature of retarber, conveys to retarber ECU1, and the connected mode is as shown in FIG. 2.
Retarder ECU1 (retarder electronic control unit) receives the retarder oil temperature that temperature sensor 3 obtained, when detecting the temperature rising, ECU1 control increases compressor 14 operating power, increases cooling fan 12's rotational speed, cools down the retarder oil. When the temperature sensor 3 detects that the temperature of the retarder oil drops below the optimal working temperature, the ECU1 controls to reduce the power of the compressor 14 and reduce the rotating speed of the cooling fan 12. If temperature sensor 3 detects the retarber fluid high temperature for a long time (the time that the temperature of retarber oil is higher than the temperature threshold exceeds the time threshold of setting for), when can't effectively cooling down, ECU1 controls into exhaust valve group 17 and exhausts, reduces braking power, protects the retarber.
The working principle of the hydraulic retarder with the independent cooling mechanism is as follows:
when the auxiliary brake of the retarder is needed, the retarder ECU1 controls the air inlet and the air outlet valve bank 17 to be opened, high-pressure gas is introduced into the left side of the oil storage cavity 19, retarder oil in the oil storage cavity 19 is pressed into the retarder working cavity 2 through the retarder working cavity oil inlet pipeline 7, at the moment, the rotor 4 rotates to throw the retarder oil from the edge of the rotor 4 to the edge of the stator 5, the retarder oil impacts the stator 5 and returns to the center of the rotor 4 from the center of the stator 5, the retarder oil continuously generates the circulation process, mechanical energy of the rotor is converted into heat energy of the retarder oil, braking torque is generated on the rotating rotor 4, the heat energy is further transmitted to a transmission part at the front end to realize auxiliary brake, after the required retarder oil quantity is reached, the air inlet and outlet valve bank 17 is closed, the rotor serves as a pump, the retarder oil is continuously sucked from the oil storage cavity 19, the high-temperature retarder oil is discharged from the oil storage cavity 2 of the retarder to the communication chamber 8 through the first pipeline provided with the one-way valve 6, the retarder oil inlet pipeline 9 is continuously transmitted to the heat exchanger 10 to be cooled, and then the heat exchanger is continuously circulated.
When the auxiliary brake of the retarder is not needed, the retarder ECU1 controls the exhaust in the air inlet and exhaust valve group 17 to be opened, high-pressure air is exhausted to the retarder external environment 16, and retarder oil in the retarder working cavity 2 is thrown back to the communication chamber 8 through a first pipeline provided with the one-way valve 6 under the rotation of the rotor.
After the retarder works, the temperature of the retarder oil rises, the retarder oil in the communicating chamber 8 enters the heat exchanger 10, the low-temperature and low-pressure mist cooling liquid in the cooling liquid pipeline of the heat exchanger 10 absorbs the temperature of the retarder oil and evaporates into normal-temperature and low-pressure steam, so that the temperature of the retarder oil is reduced and the retarder oil is discharged back to the oil storage cavity 19 through the oil outlet pipeline 15 of the heat exchanger. The temperature sensor 3 detects the temperature of the retarder oil at any moment and transmits the signal to the retarder ECU1, and the retarder ECU1 controls the working power of the compressor 14 and the cooling fan 12 according to the signal to form closed-loop control. The compressor 14 changes the high-temperature low-pressure cooling liquid vapor discharged from the cooling liquid pipeline in the heat exchanger 10 into high-temperature high-pressure vapor, and conveys the high-temperature high-pressure vapor to the condenser 13, the compressed high-temperature high-pressure cooling liquid vapor is cooled and liquefied in the condenser 13 into liquid cooling liquid, heat is released, the part of heat is discharged by the cooling fan 12, the liquid cooling liquid is decompressed by the expansion valve 11 and then is changed into low-temperature low-pressure atomized cooling liquid, and finally the atomized cooling liquid returns to the heat exchanger 10 to cool the high-temperature retarder oil.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.