CN115199246A - Simulation system and method for exploiting ultra-thick oil - Google Patents
Simulation system and method for exploiting ultra-thick oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN115199246A CN115199246A CN202110386837.4A CN202110386837A CN115199246A CN 115199246 A CN115199246 A CN 115199246A CN 202110386837 A CN202110386837 A CN 202110386837A CN 115199246 A CN115199246 A CN 115199246A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimizing the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation system and a method for exploiting super heavy oil, wherein the system comprises: the model main body simulates an oil reservoir, the overlooking section of the model main body is square, each vertex angle of the square is provided with two vertical well simulation wells, two vertical well simulation wells are arranged on the diagonal line of the square and positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonal, and a horizontal steam injection well simulation well and a horizontal production well simulation well are vertically arranged on the connecting line of the midpoints of two opposite sides of the square, wherein the horizontal steam injection well simulation well is positioned on the upper part of the horizontal production well simulation well, a separation interlayer is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well, and a plurality of through perforations are arranged on the separation interlayer; injecting fluid into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well by a steam injection device; the production device receives fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well; according to the invention, through transforming the interwell reservoir, the yield of the super heavy oil can be improved, and the effect of a super heavy oil exploitation simulation experiment can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of super heavy oil exploitation, in particular to a simulation system and method for exploiting super heavy oil.
Background
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) technology is a method of exploiting super heavy oil and bitumen. The method generally adopts two parallel horizontal wells, the length of the horizontal section of the horizontal well is generally 500-750 m, the upper part is a horizontal injection well, the lower part is a horizontal production well, injected steam forms a steam cavity above the injection well, and heated crude oil is driven to the production well under the action of gravity. This is a continuous process, with the steam cavity expanding toward the flanks as it reaches the top of the reservoir.
At present, the domestic super heavy oil reservoir deposition is characterized by land phase deposition, compared with the foreign super heavy oil reservoir, the interlayer is generally distributed between an upper horizontal well and a lower horizontal well, most of the interlayer is mainly made of mudstone, the permeability is poor, the implementation effects of series measures such as steam injection and oil vapor migration are seriously hindered, and the horizontal section utilization degree of the horizontal well is very uneven.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a simulation system for exploiting super heavy oil, which is used for improving the horizontal section utilization degree of a horizontal well, improving the super heavy oil yield and improving the effect of a super heavy oil exploitation simulation experiment, and comprises the following components:
the system comprises a model main body, ten vertical well simulation wells, a horizontal steam injection well simulation well, a horizontal production well simulation well, an interlayer, a plurality of through perforations, a steam injection device, a production device and a data acquisition device;
the model main body is used for simulating an oil reservoir, the overlooking section of the model main body is square, each vertex angle of the square is provided with two vertical well simulation wells, two sides of a connecting line of midpoints of two opposite sides of the square are provided with two vertical well simulation wells, a horizontal steam injection well simulation well and a horizontal production well simulation well are vertically arranged on the connecting line of the midpoints of the two opposite sides of the square, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well is positioned at the upper part of the horizontal production well simulation well, a separation interlayer is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well, and a plurality of through perforations are arranged on the separation interlayer;
the steam injection device is used for injecting fluid into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well;
the production device is used for receiving fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well;
and the data acquisition device is used for acquiring experimental data.
The embodiment of the invention provides a simulation method for exploiting super heavy oil, which is applied to the simulation system for exploiting the super heavy oil and is used for improving the horizontal section utilization degree of a horizontal well, increasing the yield of the super heavy oil and improving the effect of a simulation experiment for exploiting the super heavy oil, and the method comprises the following steps:
ten straight well simulation wells carry out rock core saturated oil to the model main part, include: an oil layer at the upper part of the saturated interlayer of the five-hole vertical well simulation well with the upper half perforated, an oil layer at the lower part of the saturated interlayer of the five-hole vertical well simulation well with the full perforated, and a plurality of through perforations are arranged on the interlayer;
aging the model main body after the core is saturated with oil to simulate an ultra-heavy oil reservoir;
the steam injection device simultaneously injects steam into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well;
the production device receives fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well;
the data acquisition device acquires experimental data.
The embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: the overlooking section of the model main body is square, each top corner of the square is provided with two straight well simulation wells, and two straight well simulation wells are arranged on the diagonal of the square and positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonal, so that the model main body can be subjected to sufficient core saturated oil; a horizontal steam injection well simulation well and a horizontal production well simulation well are vertically arranged on the connecting line of the middle points of the two opposite sides of the square, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well is positioned at the upper part of the horizontal production well simulation well, a separation layer is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well, and a plurality of through perforations are arranged on the separation layer, so that the permeability of the separation layer is improved and the horizontal section using degree of the horizontal well is improved by reforming an interwell reservoir layer; the steam injection device injects fluid into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well; the production device receives fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well; the data acquisition device acquires experimental data, and steam is injected into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well, so that the wells in different horizontal sections can be used more uniformly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation system for producing super heavy oil according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the upper cover plate of the mold body of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an upper cover plate of the mold body of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the lower housing of the mold body of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the lower box of the mold body of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation experiment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a flow of a simulation method for producing super heavy oil according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1. a model body; 2. a steam injection device; 3. a production device; 4. a data acquisition device.
11. A first straight well simulation well; 12. a second vertical well simulation well; 13. a third vertical well simulation well; 14. a fourth vertical well simulation well; 15. a fifth vertical well simulation well; 16. a sixth vertical well simulation well; 17. a seventh vertical well simulation well; 18. an eighth vertical well simulation well; 19. a ninth vertical well simulation well; 110. simulating a well by a tenth vertical well; 111. simulating a well by using a horizontal steam injection well; 112. a horizontal production well simulation well; 113. perforating in a penetrating way; 114. an interlayer; 115. a thermocouple; 116. a flange; 117. an outer bolt hole; 118. heating plates are arranged on the outer wall of the lower box body; 119. an inner bolt hole; 120. a lower box epoxy resin plate; 121. filling a sand opening; 122. high temperature resistant and steam channeling prevention glue; 123. an epoxy board; 124. a copper groove; 125. a graphite seal ring; 126. a steel pad; 127. an upper cover plate; 128. and (4) a heat preservation cover.
21. A first injection pump; 22. a first steam generator; 23. a first back-pressure valve; 24. a first pressure gauge; 25. a first injection line with a heat tracing device; 26. a second injection pump; 27. a second steam generator; 28. a second back pressure valve; 29. a second pressure gauge; 210. the second injection line with a heat tracing device.
31. A first production heat tracing pipeline; 32. a third back pressure valve; 33. a third pressure gauge; 34. a first beaker; 35. a second heat tracing pipeline; 36. a fourth back pressure valve; 37. a fourth pressure gauge; 38. a second beaker.
41. A thermocouple; 42. a pressure sensor; 43. a control device; 44. a transmission device; 45. a computer; 46. UPS uninterrupted power source.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be embodied as a system, apparatus, method or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated.
The embodiment of the invention provides a simulation system for exploiting ultra-thick oil, which is used for improving the horizontal section utilization degree of a horizontal well, increasing the yield of the ultra-thick oil and improving the effect of an ultra-thick oil exploitation simulation experiment, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulation system for exploiting the ultra-thick oil in the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises:
the system comprises a model body 1, ten vertical well simulation wells 11-110, a horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111, a horizontal production well simulation well 112, an interlayer 114, a plurality of through perforations 113, a steam injection device 2, a production device 3 and a data acquisition device 4;
the model main body 1 is used for simulating an oil reservoir, the overlooking section of the model main body 1 is square, each vertex angle of the square is provided with two straight well simulation wells, two straight well simulation wells are arranged on the diagonals of the square and positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonals, a horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and a horizontal production well simulation well 112 are vertically arranged on the connecting line of the midpoints of the two opposite sides of the square, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 is positioned on the upper part of the horizontal production well simulation well 112, a separation interlayer 114 is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and the horizontal production well simulation well 112, and a plurality of through perforations 113 are arranged on the separation interlayer 114;
the steam injection device 2 is used for injecting fluid into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111;
a production device 3 for receiving fluid produced on both sides of the horizontal production well simulation well 112;
and the data acquisition device 4 is used for acquiring experimental data.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is implemented by: the overlooking section of the model main body is square, each top corner of the square is provided with two vertical well simulation wells, and two vertical well simulation wells are arranged on the diagonal of the square and positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonal, so that the model main body can be subjected to sufficient core saturated oil; a horizontal steam injection well simulation well and a horizontal production well simulation well are vertically arranged on the connecting line of the middle points of the two opposite sides of the square, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well is positioned at the upper part of the horizontal production well simulation well, a separation interlayer is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well, and a plurality of through perforations are arranged on the separation interlayer, so that the permeability of the separation interlayer is improved and the horizontal section utilization degree of the horizontal well is improved by modifying an inter-well reservoir; the steam injection device injects fluid into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well; the production device receives fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well; the data acquisition device acquires experimental data, and steam is injected into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well, so that the wells in different horizontal sections can be used more uniformly.
First, a specific structure of the model main body 1 in the embodiment of the present invention is described.
In one embodiment, the model body 1 includes: an upper cover plate 127 and a lower case 129;
two sand filling ports 121 are formed in the upper cover plate and are sealed by flanges;
the upper cover plate is provided with an outer bolt hole 118 and an inner bolt hole 119, the outer bolt hole is used for connecting the upper cover plate 127 and the lower box body 129, and the inner bolt hole 119 is used for compacting sand filling in the model main body 1;
the bottom of the upper cover plate is sequentially provided with a steel gasket 126, a copper groove 124, a graphite sealing ring 125, an epoxy resin plate 123 and high-temperature-resistant steam channeling-preventing glue 122, wherein the graphite sealing ring 125 is arranged in the copper groove 124.
In one embodiment, the four walls of the lower box 129 are provided with lower box epoxy boards 120.
In specific implementation, the model main body 1 is used for simulating a reservoir stratum in exploitation, the heat-insulating cover 128 is arranged outside the model main body 1, and the model main body 1 is placed in the heat-insulating cover 128 during experiment; the model main part 1 is the cube, and the highest withstand temperature is 300 ℃, withstand voltage 20MPa, adopts stainless steel forging to form, and the model main part 1 is including range upon range of setting in proper order: an upper cover plate 127, a steel gasket 126, a copper groove 124, a graphite sealing ring 125, an epoxy resin plate 123, two sand filling ports 121, an outer bolt hole 117, an inner bolt hole 119, a lower box body 129, ten vertical well simulation wells 11-110, a horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111, a horizontal production well simulation well 112, a plurality of through perforations 113, a separation layer 114, a lower box body epoxy resin plate 120 and a lower box body outer wall heating plate 118.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of an upper cover plate of the mold body of fig. 1, and fig. 3 is a sectional view of the upper cover plate of the mold body of fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 2 and 3, two sand filling ports 121 are formed in an upper surface of an upper cover plate 127, and the two sand filling ports 121 are sealed by a flange 116 and can be opened to facilitate operations such as sand filling; the bottom of the upper cover plate 127 is sequentially provided with a steel gasket 126, a copper groove 124, a graphite sealing ring 125, an epoxy resin plate 123 and high-temperature-resistant steam channeling-resistant glue 122, wherein the copper groove 124 is arranged around the upper cover plate 127, the graphite sealing ring 125 is arranged inside the copper groove 124, and the graphite sealing ring 125 well ensures the sealing performance of the upper cover plate 127 and the lower box body 129 under high temperature and high pressure. The outer bolt holes 117 are bolts connecting the upper cover plate 127 and the lower box 129, and are carbon steel 12.9 grade M27 bolts, and the inner bolt holes 119 are carbon steel 12.9 grade M14 bolts for sand filling in the compaction model main body 1.
In one embodiment, one of the two vertical well simulation wells at each top corner of the square is a full perforation, and the other vertical well simulation well is an upper half perforation;
two vertical well simulation wells are arranged on the diagonal of the square and positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonal, one vertical well simulation well is a full perforation, and the other vertical well simulation well is an upper half perforation;
the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and the horizontal production well simulation well 112 are all perforations.
In one embodiment, ten vertical well simulation wells 11-110, horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and horizontal production well simulation well 112 are externally wrapped with metal screens.
In specific implementation, fig. 4 is a top view of the lower box body of the mold body in fig. 1, fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the lower box body of the mold body in fig. 1, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the lower box body 129 is formed by forging a solid stainless steel block and is an integral body, so as to contribute to the sealing performance of the mold, and ten vertical well simulation wells 11 to 110, a horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111, a horizontal production well simulation well 112, a plurality of through perforations 113, an interlayer 114, an epoxy resin plate 120 on the inner wall of the lower box body, and a heating plate 118 on the outer wall of the lower box body are arranged on the lower box body 129.
The ten straight well simulation wells 11-110 are respectively a first straight well simulation well 11, a second straight well simulation well 12, a third straight well simulation well 13, a fourth straight well simulation well 14, a fifth straight well simulation well 15, a sixth straight well simulation well 16, a seventh straight well simulation well 17, an eighth straight well simulation well 18, a ninth straight well simulation well 19 and a tenth straight well simulation well 110 which extend from top to bottom, the 10 straight well simulation wells are all used by fully saturated crude oil of a model body, wherein the 5 straight well simulation wells of the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth straight well simulation wells are complete, and the 5 straight well simulation wells of the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth straight well simulation wells only penetrate 11cm at the upper part. The horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and the horizontal production well simulation well 112 are two horizontally placed wells respectively, in the transverse middle of the model, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 is located at the position 5.5cm above the horizontal production well simulation well 112, the horizontal production well simulation well 112 is 2cm away from the bottom of the model, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 is 7.5cm away from the upper cover of the model, and the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and the horizontal production well simulation well 112 are all perforated holes. All the simulation wells are high-precision laser slotted wells, the inner diameter of a well pipe is 6mm, and the size of a slotted hole is 0.3mm multiplied by 0.8mm. The number of the slots of each well is 10-40. In order to prevent the glass beads from entering the simulated shaft, a certain number of metal screens are wrapped outside each simulated shaft.
The interlayer 114 is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and the horizontal production well simulation well 112, and is 1111.5cm away from the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and 1122cm away from the horizontal production well simulation well. The embodiment of the invention adopts river sand with the thickness of 2cm and the mesh of 150-200 meshes and high-temperature resistant aluminate cement (the proportion is 5).
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, when the through perforation is manufactured, the through perforation 113 is inserted into the lower layer of glass beads, and then the interlayer 114 of cement mortar is manufactured. The through perforation 113 is made of a 2.1cm long pipeline with the diameter of 3mm, and two ends of the pipeline are provided with 200-mesh filter elements by a laser welding process so as to ensure that thick oil can smoothly flow through the through perforation 113 without being blocked. The construction process is that the through perforation 113 is buried in the lower oil reservoir and fixed according to the interval size, and then the cement mortar interlayer 114 is refilled.
In addition, the epoxy resin board 123 of the upper cover plate 127 and the epoxy resin board 120 of the lower box body arranged on the four walls of the lower box body 129 are used for preventing the model from radiating too fast, and for the heat preservation of the model, the heating plates 118 on the outer wall of the lower box body are arranged on the periphery of the lower box body 129, and one heating plate is arranged on each side for the internal heating of the model. The heat preservation cover 128 is installed on the model main body 1, and on the one hand is used for keeping warm to the model main body, and on the other hand, installs the fan on the heat preservation cover 128 for adjust the temperature in the heat preservation cover 128, make the faster even of the temperature of heating in the model main body 1.
Next, specific structures of the steam injection device, the production device, and the data acquisition device in the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation experiment system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 6, in an embodiment, the steam injection device 2 includes: a first injection pump 21, a first steam generator 22, a first back-pressure valve 23, a first pressure gauge 24, a first heat traced injection line 25, a second injection pump 26, a second steam generator 27, a second back-pressure valve 28, a second pressure gauge 29, and a second heat traced injection line 210;
the first injection pump 21 is connected with a first steam generator 22, the first steam generator 22 is connected with a first back pressure valve 23 and a first pressure gauge 24, and the first steam generator 22 is connected with the model main body 1 through a first injection pipeline 25 with a heat tracing device and is used for injecting steam to one side of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111;
the second injection pump 26 is connected with a second steam generator 27, the second steam generator 27 is connected with a second back pressure valve 28 and a second pressure gauge 29, and the second steam generator 27 is connected with the model main body 1 through a second injection pipeline 210 with a heat tracing device and is used for injecting steam to the other side of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111.
As shown in fig. 6, in one embodiment, the production apparatus 3 includes: a first produced heat tracing pipeline 31, a third back pressure valve 32, a third pressure gauge 33, a first beaker 34, a second produced heat tracing pipeline 35, a fourth back pressure valve 36, a fourth pressure gauge 37 and a second beaker 38;
one end of a third back-pressure valve 32 is connected with the model main body 1 through a first output heat tracing pipeline 31, the other end of the third back-pressure valve 32 is connected with a third pressure gauge 33, and a first beaker 34 is used for receiving fluid output by the third back-pressure valve 32;
one end of the fourth back-pressure valve 36 is connected with the model main body 1 through the second output heat tracing pipeline 35, the other end of the fourth back-pressure valve 36 is connected with the fourth pressure gauge 37, and the second beaker 38 is used for receiving the fluid output by the fourth back-pressure valve 36.
In one embodiment, the data acquisition device 4 comprises:
the thermocouple 41 is arranged outside the model body 1 and used for acquiring temperature data in the model body 1;
the pressure sensor 42 is connected with the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and the horizontal production well simulation well 112 respectively and used for collecting pressure data in the model main body 1;
and a control means 43 for controlling the temperature and pressure within the model main body 1 within preset ranges.
During specific implementation, the model main body 1 further comprises 81 temperature measuring holes, 243 thermocouples 41 are arranged in the 81 temperature measuring holes, the thermocouples 41 are uniformly distributed in an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, the distance between the upper layer thermocouple 41 and the upper cover plate 127 is 2cm, the distance between the lower layer thermocouple 41 and the bottom of the lower box 129 is 2cm, the distance between the middle layer thermocouple 41 and the bottom of the lower box 129 is 7.5cm, and each layer of the thermocouples 41 is 81 (9 multiplied by 9) in total, any temperature profile in an oil layer can be obtained through software interpolation, the spreading rule of steam and a heat front edge of the steam in the plane and the longitudinal direction can be clearly judged through the temperature profiles, the thermocouples 41 adopt a graphite pad sealing mode, the vertical height of the thermocouples can be adjusted at will before sealing every time, and the steam drive experiment with other oil layer thicknesses can be flexibly adjusted. The 4 pressure monitoring sensors 42 are respectively connected with the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111 and the horizontal production well simulation well 112 so as to monitor the pressure change of the steam injection well and the oil production well in real time.
The data acquisition device 4 may further include: the device comprises a transmission device 44, a computer 45 and a UPS 46, wherein the transmission device 44 is respectively connected with the thermocouple 41 and the pressure sensor 42, the transmission device 44 is connected with the computer 45, the control device 43 and the computer 45 are used for controlling the temperature and the pressure in the model main body 1 within a preset range according to instructions output by the computer, and the computer 43 is connected with the UPS 46.
The data acquisition device 4 can realize real-time tracking of the internal pressure of the model main body and keep the model pressing plate not to deform; in a specific embodiment, 192 thermocouples 41 may also be provided, and the specifications of the thermocouples 41 are as follows:
with joints, compensating the wires for 3m, ensuring that the temperature field in the model body is carried out in the experimental processThe system can effectively monitor and enable the system operation parameters to meet the experiment requirements.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a simulation method for exploiting the ultra-thick oil, as the following embodiment. Because the principle of solving the problems of the simulation method for exploiting the super heavy oil is similar to that of a simulation system for exploiting the super heavy oil, the implementation of the system can be referred to the implementation of the method, and repeated parts are not repeated.
The embodiment of the invention provides a simulation method for exploiting super heavy oil, which is applied to the simulation system for exploiting super heavy oil and is used for improving the horizontal section utilization degree of a horizontal well, increasing the yield of super heavy oil and improving the effect of a simulation experiment for exploiting super heavy oil, wherein fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the flow of the simulation method for exploiting super heavy oil in the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the method comprises the following steps:
step 101: ten straight well simulation wells carry out rock core saturated oil to the model main part, include: oil layers on the upper parts of the saturated interlayer of the five vertical well simulation wells with the upper half part perforated, and oil layers on the lower parts of the saturated interlayer of the five vertical well simulation wells with the full perforations;
step 102: aging the model main body after the core is saturated with oil to simulate an ultra-heavy oil reservoir;
step 103: when the temperature of the model main body is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold value, the steam injection device simultaneously injects steam into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well;
step 104: the production device receives fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well;
step 105: the data acquisition device acquires experimental data.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and (3) arranging a plurality of through holes and the interlayer in the following way:
fixing a plurality of through perforations in the model main body at preset intervals, wherein a multi-mesh filtering filter element is arranged at two ends of each through perforation;
a separation interlayer made of river sand and high-temperature-resistant aluminate cement is filled in the model body fixed with the plurality of through perforations.
A specific example is provided below with reference to fig. 1 to fig. 7 to facilitate understanding how the simulation system and method for producing ultra-thick oil provided by the present invention are implemented.
The first step is as follows: and (3) smearing high-temperature-resistant steam channeling-preventing glue 120 on the bottom of the upper cover plate of the model, and then performing napping, airing and curing after smearing.
The second step: the method comprises the steps of filling glass beads according to reservoir parameters, dry-filling lower-layer glass beads into a lower box body, tamping while filling the glass beads, installing inter-well perforations according to the size after the lower-layer glass beads are filled, pouring cement mortar with the thickness of 1.5cm after the inter-well perforations are installed and fixed, and curing with water for 2-3 days after the cement mortar is poured, wherein the inter-well perforations can be well fixed. And then coating a high-temperature sealant with the thickness of 0.5cm on the cement mortar, wherein the construction process of the sealant comprises the steps of firstly coating a little glue on the cement mortar, forcibly pressing down and repeatedly coating to ensure that the contact surface is completely soaked with the glue, filling gaps with the glue and removing air, then coating the mixed glue, and curing for 2 hours at room temperature and then for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 100 ℃ after coating the glue. The cured adhesive has the compression strength of 50MPa, the temperature resistance of 300 ℃ and no permeability, and can well prevent crude oil and water from permeating the interlayer. And finally, dry-loading the glass beads on the interlayer, particularly, when the glass beads on the uppermost layer are dry-loaded, tamping and scraping the glass beads well, wherein the middle part of the model is 1cm higher than the peripheral parts of the model when the glass beads on the uppermost layer are dry-loaded, so that the glass beads on the uppermost layer can be pressed firmly after the upper cover plate is closed, otherwise, the glass beads are easy to collapse in the experimental process. And finally, after the upper cover plate is closed, if the glass beads are not sufficiently filled, filling the glass beads from two sand filling openings of the upper cover plate.
The third step: testing the pressure of the model main body: and after the model is packaged, carrying out system pressure test leakage test on the model main body, injecting water into the model main body from the 11 th opening of the first straight well simulation well by using a pump for pressurizing, and judging that the system pressure test is 10MPa and the system pressure drop is less than 0.005MPa within 12 hours to be qualified. If leakage exists, the sealing part needs to be replaced in time.
The fourth step: saturated water of the core: the method comprises the steps of mounting a heating plate and a heat-insulating cover on a model main body, vacuumizing the model main body filled with glass beads from a port 11 of a first straight well simulation well, blowing out most of water in the model by using gas before vacuumizing, then pumping the water in the model by using a vacuum pump, starting to adopt a negative-pressure vacuumizing method after the pressure in the model is reduced to negative pressure, heating the model main body to 70 ℃, vacuumizing the model main body at 70 ℃ under the negative pressure to quickly vacuumize the model main body, enabling the model main body filled with the glass beads to absorb water from a port 15 of a fifth straight well simulation well after vacuumizing is finished, and calculating the pore volume of the glass beads in the model main body according to the weight of the absorbed water.
The fifth step: the experimental procedures are connected, and then 250 ℃ steam is used for testing the acquisition effect of the model and the software.
And a sixth step: saturated oil of a rock core: because of the super heavy oil, the model main body and the oil-filled intermediate container are heated to a certain temperature before the saturated oil, so that the super heavy oil can flow to ensure that the saturated oil can work smoothly. The idea of the total saturated oil is to saturate the oil layer at the upper part of the interlayer and then saturate the oil layer at the lower part of the interlayer. Crude oil is injected from the 110 th vertical well simulation well mouth, crude oil is respectively extracted from the second, fourth, sixth and eighth vertical well simulation well mouths, crude oil is injected from the 12 th vertical well simulation well mouth, and crude oil is respectively extracted from the fourth, sixth and eighth vertical well simulation well mouths. And injecting crude oil from the 19 th vertical well simulation well mouth, respectively extracting crude oil from the first, third, fifth and seventh vertical well simulation well mouths, finally injecting crude oil from the 11 th vertical well simulation well mouth, and respectively extracting crude oil from the third, fifth and seventh vertical well simulation well mouths. Because the saturated oil of the model is saturated at a certain temperature, in order to prevent the uppermost part of the model from generating a gap due to thermal expansion and cold contraction, crude oil is injected into the model at a certain speed in the cooling process of the model after the saturated oil is finished until the temperature of the model is reduced to the room temperature, and then the saturated oil operation of the core is finished.
The seventh step: aging: after the model is saturated with oil, the temperature of the thermostat is reduced to 25 ℃ of the oil reservoir temperature, and the model is placed for 3 days for aging. Because the oil is super heavy oil, the oil needs to be aged for 3 days to fully simulate the oil reservoir condition of the super heavy oil.
Eighth step: the experiments were carried out: when the temperature of the steam generator rises to 250 ℃, simultaneously opening a bypass pipeline connected with a first back pressure valve 23 and a first pressure gauge 24 and a bypass pipeline connected with a second back pressure valve 28 and a second pressure gauge 29 to ensure that hot fluid smoothly and stably passes through the bypass pipeline, then closing the bypass pipeline, and simultaneously injecting steam smoothly and stably passing through the bypass pipeline into the model main body from two ends of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well 111; and respectively setting the steam injection rate to be 50ml/min, keeping the steam injection rates at the two ends to be equal, and starting to improve the horizontal section utilization degree in the production mode of producing the super heavy oil by the SAGD.
In summary, aiming at the technical problem that the interlayer of the internal development of the super-heavy oil SAGD reservoir seriously restricts the development effect of the SAGD, the simulation system and the simulation method for exploiting the super-heavy oil provided by the embodiment of the invention perform three-dimensional physical simulation experimental research on the SAGD steam cavity expansion rule of the super-heavy oil heterogeneous III-type reservoir and a reasonable improvement mode thereof, and can accurately simulate and achieve the following oil displacement effect:
(1) The overlooking section of the model main body is square, each top corner of the square is provided with two vertical well simulation wells, and two vertical well simulation wells are arranged on the diagonal of the square and positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonal, so that the model main body can be subjected to sufficient core saturated oil;
(2) A horizontal steam injection well simulation well and a horizontal production well simulation well are vertically arranged on the connecting line of the middle points of the two opposite sides of the square, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well is positioned at the upper part of the horizontal production well simulation well, a separation interlayer is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well, and a plurality of through perforations are arranged on the separation interlayer, so that the permeability of the separation interlayer is improved and the horizontal section utilization degree of the horizontal well is improved by modifying an inter-well reservoir;
(3) The steam injection device injects fluid into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well; the production device receives fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well; the data acquisition device acquires experimental data, and steam is injected into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well, so that wells of different horizontal sections are used more uniformly;
(4) The thermocouple collects temperature data in the model main body, the pressure sensor collects pressure data in the model main body, the temperature and the pressure in the control device model main body are controlled in a preset range, and accurate temperature and pressure control is carried out on the model main body through inter-well temperature and pressure monitoring.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the SAGD yield of the super-heavy oil is improved by breaking through the interlayer, the expansion rule of a steam cavity is analyzed by a three-dimensional heterogeneous experimental model, the horizontal section utilization degree of a low-permeability section reservoir is improved by analyzing perforation modification among wells, data support is further provided for researching and improving the SAGD thermal efficiency, increasing the steam wave and volume, and further for an effective development technology of the super-heavy oil reservoir for improving the oil-steam ratio, and subsequent theoretical research and numerical simulation research are facilitated.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A simulation system for producing ultra-heavy oil, comprising: the system comprises a model main body, ten vertical well simulation wells, a horizontal steam injection well simulation well, a horizontal production well simulation well, an interlayer, a plurality of through perforations, a steam injection device, a production device and a data acquisition device;
the model main body is used for simulating an oil reservoir, the overlooking section of the model main body is square, each vertex angle of the square is provided with two straight well simulation wells, two straight well simulation wells are arranged on the diagonal lines of the square and positioned on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonal line, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well are vertically arranged on the connecting line of the midpoint of the two opposite sides of the square, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well is positioned on the upper part of the horizontal production well simulation well, the interlayer is arranged between the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well, and the interlayer is provided with the plurality of penetrating perforations;
the steam injection device is used for injecting steam into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well;
the production device is used for receiving fluid produced on two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well;
the data acquisition device is used for acquiring experimental data.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition device comprises:
the thermocouple is arranged outside the model main body and used for acquiring temperature data in the model main body;
the pressure sensor is respectively connected with the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well and is used for acquiring pressure data in the model main body;
and the control device is used for controlling the temperature and the pressure in the model main body within preset ranges.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein one of the two vertical well simulation wells at each top corner of the square is a full perforation and the other vertical well simulation well is an upper half perforation;
on the diagonal line of the square, two vertical well simulation wells are arranged on two sides of the midpoint of the diagonal line, one vertical well simulation well is a full perforation, and the other vertical well simulation well is an upper half perforation;
and the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well are all perforations.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the model body comprises: an upper cover plate and a lower box body;
two sand filling ports are formed in the upper cover plate;
the upper cover plate is provided with an outer bolt hole and an inner bolt hole, the outer bolt hole is used for connecting the upper cover plate and the lower box body, and the inner bolt hole is used for compacting sand filling in the model main body;
the bottom of upper cover plate has set gradually steel gasket, copper groove, graphite sealing washer, epoxy board and high temperature resistant anti-channeling of steam and has glued, wherein, the graphite sealing washer sets up in the copper groove.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the four walls of the lower housing are provided with epoxy boards.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the ten vertical well simulation wells, the horizontal steam injection well simulation well and the horizontal production well simulation well are externally wrapped with a metal screen.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the interlayer is river sand blended high temperature aluminate cement, and the plurality of through-penetrating holes penetrate through the interlayer at predetermined intervals.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the steam injection device comprises: the system comprises a first injection pump, a first steam generator, a first injection pipeline with a heat tracing device, a first back pressure valve, a first pressure gauge, a second injection pump, a second steam generator, a second back pressure valve, a second pressure gauge and a second injection pipeline with a heat tracing device;
the first injection pump is connected with the first steam generator, the first steam generator is connected with the first back pressure valve and the first pressure gauge, and the first steam generator is connected with the model main body through an injection pipeline with a heat tracing device and used for injecting steam into one side of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well;
the second injection pump is connected with the second steam generator, the second steam generator is connected with the second back pressure valve and the second pressure gauge, and the second steam generator is connected with the model main body through the second injection pipeline with the heat tracing device and used for injecting steam into the other side of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the production device comprises: the first output heat tracing pipeline, a third back pressure valve, a third pressure gauge, a first beaker, a second output heat tracing pipeline, a fourth back pressure valve, a fourth pressure gauge and a second beaker;
one end of the third back-pressure valve is connected with the model main body through the first output heat tracing pipeline, the other end of the third back-pressure valve is connected with the third pressure gauge, and the first beaker is used for receiving the fluid output by the third back-pressure valve;
one end of the fourth back-pressure valve is connected with the model main body through the second output heat tracing pipeline, the other end of the fourth back-pressure valve is connected with the fourth pressure gauge, and the second beaker is used for receiving the fluid output by the fourth back-pressure valve.
10. A simulation method for producing ultra heavy oil, which is applied to the simulation system for producing ultra heavy oil according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
ten straight well simulation wells carry out rock core saturated oil to the model main part, include: oil layers on the upper part of the saturated interlayer of the five-hole vertical well simulation well with the upper half perforated and oil layers on the lower part of the saturated interlayer of the five-hole vertical well simulation well with the full perforated;
aging the model main body after the core is saturated with oil to simulate an ultra-heavy oil reservoir;
when the temperature of the model main body is greater than or equal to a preset temperature threshold value, the steam injection device simultaneously injects steam into two sides of the horizontal steam injection well simulation well;
the production device receives fluid produced by two sides of the horizontal production well simulation well;
the data acquisition device acquires experimental data.
11. The method of claim 10, further comprising: and (3) arranging a plurality of penetrating perforating and interlayer layers according to the following modes:
fixing a plurality of through perforations in the model main body at preset intervals, wherein a multi-mesh filter element is arranged at two ends of each through perforation;
a separation interlayer made of river sand and high-temperature-resistant aluminate cement is filled in the model body fixed with the plurality of through perforations.
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