CN115198567B - High-performance aramid laminate and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-performance aramid laminate and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115198567B
CN115198567B CN202210739793.3A CN202210739793A CN115198567B CN 115198567 B CN115198567 B CN 115198567B CN 202210739793 A CN202210739793 A CN 202210739793A CN 115198567 B CN115198567 B CN 115198567B
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aramid
fiber
laminate
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paper
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CN115198567A (en
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陈克复
李金鹏
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31F5/00—Attaching together sheets, strips or webs; Reinforcing edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
    • D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
    • D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
    • D21H15/06—Long fibres, i.e. fibres exceeding the upper length limit of conventional paper-making fibres; Filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/26—All layers being made of paper or paperboard

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance aramid laminate, which comprises the steps of firstly taking differential aramid fibers as raw materials, adopting mechanical treatment, and then carrying out wet papermaking by an inclined wire paper machine to obtain base paper; and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, and then performing hot pressing treatment for a certain time to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board with different densities. The invention also discloses the high-performance aramid laminate prepared by the preparation method and application thereof. The invention does not use any other adhesive, has high mechanical strength and high dielectric strength, and can be applied to important components such as V-shaped rings, angle rings, insulating sleeves, gap gaskets, insulating tube cores and the like in products such as transformers, generators, rail transit, high-power motors, electric equipment and the like.

Description

High-performance aramid laminate and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laminated paperboard materials, in particular to a high-performance aramid laminate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In high-tech fibers, the aromatic fiber has excellent mechanical properties such as excellent impact resistance, fatigue resistance, high strength, high modulus and the like, and also has good flame retardant property, high-temperature stability, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, and the reinforced composite material is widely applied to important fields such as traffic power, aerospace, national defense and military and the like. The aramid laminate material is a light insulating material with excellent mechanical property, good thermal stability and light weight, which is obtained by multi-layer hot pressing of aromatic base paper prepared from aromatic fiber raw materials by a papermaking method. Aramid laminate materials are commonly used as sheet materials for temperature resistance insulation, and the temperature resistance is mainly determined by the structure and the temperature resistance of the fiber raw materials; meanwhile, the hot pressing process has great influence on the mechanical performance and the electrical performance of the fiber, and the performance of the fiber is influenced by a plurality of factors such as fiber raw materials, fiber length, fiber cross-section geometric structure, fiber proportion, fiber arrangement characteristics, hot pressing process and the like. Among them, hot pressing is the most important process in the manufacturing process, and the aramid laminate is required to be hot pressed to improve various properties of the paper sheet, such as physical strength, electrical insulation property, paper sheet smoothness, and the like. After hot pressing, the mechanical strength and dielectric strength of the paperboard are improved, and the smoothness and stiffness of the paperboard are correspondingly increased.
The aramid laminate can be used as a structural material or an insulating material to be respectively applied to high-rigidity stress structural components of airplanes, ships, trains and the like or high-tech fields of transformers, generators, battery diaphragms, printed circuit boards and the like, and the research and development of the high-performance aramid laminate material has great significance in promoting the development of aerospace, traffic electric power, national defense communication and the like. In the prior art, two main ways of preparing the aramid laminate are lamination and one-step molding. For example, chinese patent 201910917173.2 and 201910917159.2 disclose a medium-density and high-density aramid fiber paper laminate and a method for preparing the same, respectively, in which the aramid fiber paper is bonded by using a special resin adhesive, and then the aramid fiber laminate is obtained after hot pressing. Chinese patent nos. 201610769485.X and 201610767811.3 disclose a method for preparing a high-density aramid fiber insulation cardboard and a method for preparing a high-strength aramid fiber insulation laminate, respectively, in which an aramid fiber is treated by ultrasound to manufacture a wet paper blank, and then the wet paper blank is subjected to sectional hot pressing in a plate-type hot press to obtain an aramid fiber laminated paper product. For another example, chinese patent with application number 201510825388.3 discloses a method for preparing an aramid fiber paperboard, mainly using a one-step forming method, mixing aramid chopped fibers and fibrids, vacuum filtering, obtaining an aramid wet paper blank, and pressing at normal pressure and hot pressing two steps to obtain an aramid laminate, wherein when the thickness of the paperboard is 1.09mm, the tensile strength can reach 62.3MPa, but the method may result in a high water content of the prepared aramid laminate.
The strength of the press plate is limited by a plurality of factors such as the strength of the laminated base paper, the hot pressing temperature, the time, the pressure and the like, wherein the fiber size and the dispersion state in the laminated base paper are opposite to the uniformity, the strength and the interlayer knots of the aramid laminatePerformance such as lamination (layering situation) has important influence. As disclosed in Chinese patent 201310496195.9, 3-6mm chopped fibers are mixed, treated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and then papermaking is carried out to prepare the aramid paper of the mixed fiber system. Obviously, the aramid fiber length is limited to 6mm or less during papermaking due to insufficient dispersion, and the technical scheme is not suitable for papermaking of ultra-long fibers and is difficult to realize continuous operation. In addition, the density of the aramid fiber is about 1.45g/cm 3 Overview of the prior art disclosures it is difficult to obtain high densities (> 1.3 g/cm) 3 ) Is a laminate of (a) and (b). The reason for this is that the fiber raw material for preparing the aramid laminate is important. In the conventional method, the aramid chopped fiber has overlarge diameter and poor combination with aramid precipitation or pulp fiber, and has larger rigidity due to high-temperature setting treatment when the aramid fiber is produced, and high density (more than 1.3 g/cm) is difficult to prepare even under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions 3 ) Laminated board. However, the high-density aramid laminate has outstanding flame retardance and excellent electrical property, is widely applied to special scenes such as aerospace, rail transit, large power transmission and transformation equipment and the like, and is seriously lacking in the high-density aramid paperboard manufacturing technology in China at present, so that development of an efficient high-performance aramid laminate manufacturing technology is needed.
In addition, the lamination method and the one-step forming method have advantages and disadvantages for preparing the aramid paper, the lamination method is simple to operate, but the interlayer combination is poor, and viscose resin or high temperature and high pressure are needed, so that the preparation process is complicated, and the total production cost is obviously increased; the one-step forming method adopts a wet paper blank-wet pressing-dry pressing method, the bonding strength between the layers of the prepared aramid laminate is higher, but the method is unfavorable for removing moisture, so that the moisture content of the paperboard product is too high, quality problems such as bulge and the like occur, the performances such as thermal shrinkage, electrical strength and the like of the aramid laminate are influenced, and potential safety hazards can occur in the use process of the product. Therefore, developing a high-performance aramid laminate has remarkable social benefit and economic value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-performance aramid laminate, which realizes that the high-performance aramid laminate is prepared under the condition of industrial continuous production, and the prepared aramid laminate has excellent mechanical properties, high interface bonding strength and large apparent density.
The invention also aims to provide the aramid laminate prepared by the preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the use of the high performance aramid laminate described above.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) carrying out differential treatment on aramid fiber:
uniformly mixing aramid long fibers, aramid chopped fibers and aramid fibrid, and then pre-pulping through a disc mill to obtain aramid fiber slurry;
the length of the aramid long fiber is 6-30 mm;
the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 1-15 mm;
the aramid long fibers and the aramid chopped fibers have different lengths;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adopting a wet papermaking method by an inclined wire paper machine, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and carrying out hot pressing treatment on the multiple pieces of aramid base paper to obtain the aramid laminated board.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the aramid long fiber, the aramid chopped fiber and the aramid fibrid in the step (1) is (20-30): (20-30): (40-50).
Preferably, the diameter of the aramid long fiber in the step (1) is less than 30 μm; the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 1-30 mu m;
preferably, the aramid long fibers and the aramid chopped fibers in the step (1) have different diameters.
Preferably, the beating treatment in the step (2) specifically includes: the beating degree is 20-80 DEG SR.
Preferably, in the step (3), the hot pressing treatment is performed on the multiple pieces of aramid base paper, specifically:
according to the fiber orientation on the aramid base paper, laminating the aramid base paper in a crisscross mode, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment.
Preferably, the hot pressing treatment specifically includes: the pressure is 1-20 MPa, the temperature is 100-280 ℃ and the time is 0.1-10 h.
Preferably, the aramid fibrids in the step (1) are sheet-shaped aramid fibrids, the width is 1-500 μm, the length is 0.5-10.0 mm, and the thickness is 1-500 nm.
The high-performance aramid laminate prepared by the preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate has the density of 0.5-1.3 g/cm 3 The thickness is 1.0-12 mm.
The high-performance aramid laminate is applied to transformers, generators, rail transit, high-power motors or electric products such as V-shaped rings, angle rings, insulating sleeves, gap gaskets, insulating tube cores and the like.
Preferably, the aramid fiber is one or more of meta-aramid fiber and para-aramid fiber materials.
Preferably, the aramid fiber is aramid pulp.
Preferably, the hot pressing condition is a step-programmed temperature method.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, the invention increases the surface roughness of the aramid fiber and improves the interface bonding effect of the aramid fiber by carrying out mechanical treatment on the differential aramid fiber raw material to different degrees. The wet papermaking method of the aramid chopped fibers with different lengths and diameters and the aramid fibrid can effectively avoid entanglement of longer aramid fibers, and improve various performances of the aramid laminate. On the other hand, the adoption of the differential aramid fiber raw material, after mechanical pretreatment, the small-sized fibrillated aramid fiber can be well dispersed and filled in the laminated paperboard, and the interface bonding effect of the chopped fiber and fibrid or aramid pulp is increased by using the skeleton of the superfine aramid fiber long fiber, so that the interface bonding strength and the apparent density of the aramid laminate are improved.
And secondly, the invention increases the interface bonding effect of the fibers in the aramid fiber paper board and improves the mechanical property and the electrical property of the aramid fiber paper board by adopting the diaphragm-shaped aramid fiber fibrids with the thickness of 1-500 nm.
In the formation of industrial continuous production, the fibers in the base paper show a certain directional arrangement phenomenon, so that the fibers on the base paper have obvious directional distribution, and the mechanical properties of the base paper in the longitudinal and transverse directions have larger difference. According to the invention, the fiber orientation of the base paper is laminated in a crisscross mode, namely, the longitudinal direction of the upper layer is vertical to the longitudinal direction of the lower layer, and the longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of the laminated board are reduced after hot pressing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) According to the preparation method of the aramid laminate, the aramid fibers are subjected to differentiation treatment, and the high-performance aramid laminate is prepared under the condition of industrial continuous production by adopting the inclined net shaper.
(2) The preparation method of the aramid laminate provided by the invention does not use any other adhesive, and the prepared aramid laminate has high mechanical strength, high interfacial bonding strength, large apparent density and high dielectric strength.
(3) According to the preparation method of the aramid laminate, lamination is carried out in a crisscross mode, so that the mechanical properties of the aramid laminate are further improved.
(4) According to the preparation method of the aramid laminate, the base paper is subjected to drying treatment, so that the hot-pressing time and the hot-pressing process are shortened, and the high-performance aramid laminate with low moisture content and adjustable density is obtained.
(5) The aramid laminate can be applied to important components of transformers, generators, rail transit, high-power motors and electric products such as V-shaped rings, angle rings, insulating sleeves, gap gaskets, insulating tube cores and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the preparation of an aramid laminate of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The aramid fiber raw material used in the invention is from the material technology of Longban materials, inc. in Ganzhou, but the obtaining of the aramid fiber raw material is not limited to this mode. Apparent density was measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; the tensile strength and the elongation at break are tested by adopting a strip-shaped sample method according to the specification in GB/T29627.2-2013; flexural strength was measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; moisture was measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; the electrical strength is measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; dielectric loss tangent and relative permittivity were measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; interlayer bonding properties were determined with reference to GB/T19264.2-2013.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fiber: the method comprises the steps of selecting aramid chopped fibers and fibrids with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 30mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 22 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 22 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 500 mu m, the length is 0.5mm, and the thickness is 400nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid long fiber to the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 25:25:50. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with the pulping degree of 80 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the net-feeding concentration of inclined wire paper is 0.002%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and obtaining the aramid base paper with the water content of 1.8%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment at the temperature of 100 ℃ under the pressure of 6MPa, wherein the high-performance aramid laminated board can be obtained after hot pressing for 10 hours.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
A preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fiber: the method comprises the steps of selecting aramid long fibers, aramid chopped fibers and fibrids with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 20mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 15 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 100 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 200nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid long fiber to the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 20:30:50. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with a pulping degree of 40 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the net-feeding concentration of inclined wire paper is 0.08%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and obtaining the aramid base paper with the water content of 1.7%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 8MPa and 150 ℃ for 0.35h, so as to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
A preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fiber: the method comprises the steps of selecting aramid long fibers, aramid chopped fibers and fibrids with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 25mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 10 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 15mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 10 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 200 mu m, the length is 2.1mm, and the thickness is 230nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid long fiber to the chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 25:25:50. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with the pulping degree of 50 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the net-feeding concentration of inclined wire paper is 0.015%, and obtaining aramid base paper by drying and rolling, wherein the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.5%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment at 15MPa and 260 ℃ for 3 hours to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 4
A preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fiber: the method comprises the steps of selecting aramid long fibers, aramid chopped fibers and fibrids with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 25mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 10 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 5 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 200 mu m, the length is 4.3mm, and the thickness is 100nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 30:25:45. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with the beating degree of 58 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the concentration of the inclined wire paper to be on the net is 0.05%, and obtaining aramid base paper by drying and rolling, wherein the moisture of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.4%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment at the temperature of 280 ℃ under 20MPa, wherein the high-performance aramid laminated board can be obtained after hot pressing for 1 h.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from comparison, in example 4 with example 3, as the aramid chopped fiber diameter and the aramid fibrid thickness were reduced, the degree of paper formation of the aramid base paper was increased, and after the hot pressing treatment, example 4 had more excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties than example 3.
Example 5
A preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fiber: the method comprises the steps of selecting aramid long fibers with different lengths, aramid chopped fibers and fibrids as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 20mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 5 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 5 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 200 mu m, the length is 4.3mm, and the thickness is 100nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 30:25:45. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with a pulping degree of 60 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the concentration of the inclined wire paper to be on the net is 0.05%, and obtaining aramid base paper by drying and rolling, wherein the moisture of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.6%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment at the temperature of 280 ℃ under 20MPa, wherein the high-performance aramid laminated board can be obtained after hot pressing for 1 h.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from comparison, in example 5 and example 4, as the diameter of the chopped aramid fiber is reduced, the overlapping density of the fibers in the aramid paper is increased, the paper forming tightness is increased, and after the hot pressing treatment, example 5 has more excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties than example 4.
Comparative example 1
An aramid laminate, its preparation method is as follows:
(1) And (3) carrying out differential treatment on aramid fiber: selecting aramid chopped fibers and fibrids as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid chopped fibers is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 100 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 800nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 50:50. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with a beating degree of 35 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.03%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and obtaining the aramid base paper with the water content of 3.8%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: a certain amount of aramid base paper is selected, the aramid base paper is arranged in a crisscross mode, then the multi-layer aramid base paper is subjected to hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 8MPa and 160 ℃ for 1h, and the high-performance aramid laminated board is obtained.
As is clear from the comparison, the aramid fibrid thickness used in this comparative example was greater than 500nm, the aramid long fibers and chopped fibers having different lengths and fineness were not used in this comparative example, and the properties thereof were significantly reduced in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the aramid laminated paper sheet as compared with examples 1 to 4, and the density of the laminate obtained in this comparative example tended to be reduced with a decrease in both strength and elongation as compared with example 2 in which the long fibers were added, under other conditions being similar.
Comparative example 2
An aramid laminate, its preparation method is as follows:
(1) And (3) carrying out differential treatment on aramid fiber: selecting aramid chopped fibers and fibrids as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid chopped fibers is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 100 mu m, the length is 0.7mm, and the thickness is more than 500nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 50:50. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with a beating degree of 35 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.03%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and obtaining the aramid base paper with the water content of 3.6%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, arranging the aramid base paper in a longitudinal and transverse alignment mode, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment on the multi-layer aramid base paper at the temperature of 160 ℃ under the pressure of 8MPa, wherein the hot pressing is carried out for 1h to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
In contrast, the strength of the aramid laminate in the longitudinal direction was 85.6MPa, but the tensile strength in the transverse direction was 63.5MPa, and the difference in the strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions was large, although the laminate was laminated in the "longitudinal and transverse direction" manner as in the comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3
An aramid laminate, its preparation method is as follows:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fiber: the method comprises the steps of selecting aramid long fibers, aramid chopped fibers and fibrids with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 25mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 10 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 15mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 10 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 200 mu m, the length is 2.1mm, and the thickness is 230nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid long fiber to the chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 25:25:50. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with the pulping degree of 50 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting a cylinder paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the net-making concentration of papermaking is 0.08%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and obtaining the aramid base paper with the water content of 2.3%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: and selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment at the temperature of 160 ℃ under 8MPa, wherein the high-performance aramid laminated board can be obtained after hot pressing for 1 h.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from comparison, the comparative example adopts aramid fibers with different lengths and fineness and ultrathin fibrids to combine for papermaking, but because of adopting a cylinder mould forming mode, the longitudinal and transverse difference of the aramid base paper is relatively light, but the longitudinal and transverse tensile strength difference of the obtained laminated board is smaller after hot pressing through a crisscross arrangement mode.
Comparative example 4
An aramid laminate, its preparation method is as follows:
(1) And (3) carrying out differential treatment on aramid fiber: selecting aramid chopped fibers and fibrids as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid chopped fibers is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 100 mu m, the length is 0.7mm, and the thickness is more than 500nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 50:50. Pre-pulping by a disc mill after uniformly mixing to obtain differential aramid fiber slurry with a beating degree of 35 DEG SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting a round paper machine wet papermaking method, wherein the papermaking and screening concentration is 0.08%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and obtaining the aramid base paper with the water content of 3.1%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: a certain amount of aramid base paper is selected, the aramid base paper is arranged in a crisscross mode, then the multi-layer aramid base paper is subjected to hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 8MPa and 160 ℃ for 1h, and the high-performance aramid laminated board is obtained.
As is clear from comparison, the aramid fibrid thickness adopted in the comparative example is more than 500nm, and the aramid long fibers and the chopped fibers which are different in length and fineness are not adopted, and the performance of the aramid fibrid is remarkably reduced compared with that of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 by adopting a cylinder mould forming mode for papermaking in comparative example 4, and the longitudinal and transverse tensile strength of the aramid laminated paper plate is remarkably reduced.
Comparative example 5
An aramid laminate, its preparation method is as follows:
the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 100 mu m, the length is 0.7mm, and the thickness is more than 500nm; the absolute dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is 60:40. And (3) carrying out fluffing on the chopped and fibrid of the aramid fiber, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, pouring the mixture into a sheet making device after the mixture is uniformly dispersed, and directly carrying out vacuum filtration and dehydration to obtain the aramid fiber wet paper blank. Then squeezing treatment is carried out under normal temperature, excess water is pressed out, then the pressed product is sent into a hot press, the hot pressing temperature is 160 ℃, the pressure is 8MPa, the time is 1h, and the aramid laminate is obtained after pressure relief, cooling and demoulding.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from comparison, the comparative example adopts a one-step suction filtration method to prepare the aramid fiber paperboard, although the one-step suction filtration process is simple, the moisture content in the paperboard is still higher after the suction filtration and the pressing, when the hot pressing process is carried out, the surface of the paperboard is rapidly densified, so that the moisture in the aramid fiber paperboard is difficult to discharge, and compared with other examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4, the moisture content in the aramid fiber paperboard obtained in the comparative example is higher, and is more than 6 percent, the moisture removal difficulty is possibly caused in the actual production, the phenomena of product bulge, bulge and the like are easily caused, and the problems of moisture precipitation in long-term storage and the like are solved.
TABLE 1 test results summary of high Performance aramid laminate
Note that: interlayer bonding performance classification: 1. a layer should be formed after tearing, and has a rough phenomenon; 2. one or more layers of the paper are broken after tearing, and the paper has obvious rough phenomenon; 3. after tearing, one or more layers of the paper are broken, and the paper has obvious rough or hairing phenomenon; 4. after tearing, there were multiple layers of cracks and significant roughness or hairiness.
The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparation of differential aramid fiber: the method comprises the steps of selecting aramid long fibers, aramid chopped fibers and aramid fibrid with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 20mm, and the diameter of the aramid long fibers is 5 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6 mm; the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 5 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a film shape, the width is 200 mu m, the length is 4.3mm, and the thickness is 100nm; the mass ratio of the aramid long fiber to the aramid chopped fiber to the aramid fibrid is (20-30): (20-30): (40-50);
uniformly mixing aramid long fibers, aramid chopped fibers and aramid fibrid, and pre-pulping by a disc mill to obtain a pulping degree of 60 o Differential aramid fiber slurry of SR;
(2) Preparation of aramid base paper: taking differential aramid fiber slurry as a raw material, adding a polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, adopting an inclined wire paper machine to make paper by wet method, wherein the concentration of the inclined wire paper to be made is 0.05%, and obtaining aramid base paper by drying and rolling to obtain the aramid base paper with the water content of 1.6%;
(3) Preparation of an aramid laminate: selecting a plurality of Zhang Fangguan base papers, stacking the plurality of aramid base papers in a crisscross mode according to the fiber orientation on the aramid base papers, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 20MPa and 280 ℃ and hot pressing for 1h to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
2. The high-performance aramid laminate prepared by the preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the longitudinal tensile strength is 216.5 MPa; the longitudinal elongation is 16.8%; the transverse tensile strength is 215.8 MPa; the transverse elongation is 16.6%; flexural strength was 167.5 MPa; the electrical strength is 42.8KV/mm; the relative dielectric constant at 50Hz is 2.6; dielectric loss tangent at 50Hz is 0.005; the heat shrinkage at 250℃was 0.12%.
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