CN115198567A - High-performance aramid laminated board and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-performance aramid laminated board and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115198567A CN115198567A CN202210739793.3A CN202210739793A CN115198567A CN 115198567 A CN115198567 A CN 115198567A CN 202210739793 A CN202210739793 A CN 202210739793A CN 115198567 A CN115198567 A CN 115198567A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
- D21H27/30—Multi-ply
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
- B31F5/00—Attaching together sheets, strips or webs; Reinforcing edges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
- D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
- D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H13/26—Polyamides; Polyimides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
- D21H15/06—Long fibres, i.e. fibres exceeding the upper length limit of conventional paper-making fibres; Filaments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/26—All layers being made of paper or paperboard
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance aramid laminated board, which comprises the steps of firstly, taking differential aramid fibers as raw materials, carrying out mechanical treatment, and then carrying out wet papermaking by using an inclined wire paper machine to obtain base paper; selecting a certain amount of aramid raw paper, and then carrying out hot pressing treatment for a certain time to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board with different densities. The invention also discloses the high-performance aramid fiber laminated board prepared by the preparation method and application thereof. The invention does not use any other adhesive, has high mechanical strength and high dielectric strength, and can be applied to important components such as V-shaped rings, angle rings, insulating sleeves, gap gaskets, insulating tube cores and the like in products such as transformers, generators, rail transit, high-power motors, electrical equipment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laminated paperboard materials, in particular to a high-performance aramid laminated board and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In high-tech fibers, the aramid fibers have excellent mechanical properties such as impact resistance, fatigue resistance, high strength and high modulus, and simultaneously have good flame retardant property, high temperature stability, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, and the reinforced composite materials are also widely applied to important fields such as traffic power, aerospace, national defense and the like. The aramid fiber laminated board material is an insulating material which is prepared by carrying out multi-layer hot pressing on aromatic insulation base paper prepared from aromatic insulation fiber raw materials by a papermaking method, and has excellent mechanical property, good thermal stability and light weight. The aramid laminated board material is usually used as a temperature-resistant insulating sheet material, and the temperature resistance of the aramid laminated board material is mainly determined by the structure and the temperature resistance of the fiber raw material; meanwhile, the hot pressing process has great influence on the mechanical property and the electrical property, and the performance of the hot pressing process is influenced by various factors such as fiber raw materials, fiber length, the geometric structure of the cross section of the fiber, fiber proportion, fiber arrangement characteristics, the hot pressing process and the like. The aramid laminate needs to be subjected to hot pressing to improve various properties of paper sheets, such as physical strength, electrical insulation property, paper sheet smoothness and the like. After the hot pressing action, the mechanical strength and the dielectric strength of the paperboard are improved, and the smoothness and the stiffness of the paperboard are correspondingly improved.
The aramid laminated board can be used as a structural material or an insulating material and is respectively applied to high-rigidity stressed structural parts of airplanes, ships, trains and the like or high-tech fields such as transformers, generators, battery diaphragms, printed circuit boards and the like, and the research and development of the high-performance aramid laminated board material have great significance for promoting the development of aspects such as aerospace, electric traffic, national defense communication and the like. Throughout the prior art, the two main approaches to the preparation of aramid laminates are the lamination process and the one-shot forming process. For example, chinese patents 201910917173.2 and 201910917159.2 disclose a medium-density and high-density aramid fiber paper laminate and a method for preparing the same, respectively, in which aramid paper is bonded with a special resin adhesive and then hot-pressed to obtain an aramid laminate. Chinese patents 201610769485.X and 201610767811.3 disclose a method for preparing a high-density aramid fiber insulated cardboard and a method for preparing a high-strength aramid fiber insulated laminate, respectively, both of which are ultrasonic-treated aramid fibers, papermaking to obtain a wet paper blank, and then segmented hot-pressing in a plate-type hot press to obtain an aramid fiber laminated paper product. For another example, chinese patent application No. 201510825388.3 discloses a method for preparing an aramid fiber paper board, which mainly adopts a one-step forming method to mix and vacuum-filter aramid chopped fibers and fibrids to obtain an aramid wet paper blank, and the aramid wet paper blank is pressed at two steps of normal pressure and hot pressing to obtain an aramid laminate, wherein when the thickness of the paper board is 1.09mm, the tensile strength can reach 62.3MPa, but the method may cause the water content of the prepared aramid laminate to be higher.
The strength of the press plate is limited by a plurality of factors, such as the strength of the laminating base paper, the hot pressing temperature, the time, the pressure and the like, wherein the fiber size and the dispersion state in the laminating base paper have important influence on the uniformity, the strength, the interlayer bonding (layering condition) and other properties of the aramid laminate. As disclosed in Chinese patent 201310496195.9, the aramid fiber paper of the mixed fiber system is prepared by mixing 3-6mm chopped fibers and then processing the mixture by sodium dodecyl sulfate to prepare paper. Obviously, the aramid fiber length is limited to 6mm or less during papermaking due to insufficient dispersion, and this technical solution is not suitable for papermaking of ultra-long fibers and is difficult to realize continuous operation. In addition, the aramid fiber has a density of about 1.45g/cm 3 In overview of the prior art disclosures, high density (> 1.3 g/cm) is difficult to achieve 3 ) The laminate of (1). For this reason, it is important to prepare a fiber raw material of an aramid laminate. In the conventional method, the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is too large, the aramid chopped fiber is poor in precipitation with the aramid or pulp fiber, the aramid fiber has higher rigidity due to high-temperature setting treatment during production, and high density (more than 1.3 g/cm) is difficult to prepare even under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure 3 ) A laminate. However, the high-density aramid laminated board has outstanding flame retardance and excellent electrical properties, is widely applied to special scenes such as aerospace, rail transit, large-scale power transmission and transformation equipment and the like, and currently, the manufacturing technology of the high-density aramid paper board in China is seriously lacked, so that the development of an efficient manufacturing technology of the high-performance aramid laminated board is urgently needed.
In addition, the two methods of the lamination method and the one-step forming method have respective advantages and disadvantages for preparing the aramid paper, the lamination method is simple to operate, but the interlayer combination is poor, and viscose resin or high temperature and high pressure are needed, so that the preparation process is complicated, and the total production cost is obviously increased; the one-step forming method adopts a wet paper blank-wet pressing-dry pressing method, the prepared aramid laminated board has high interlayer bonding strength, but the method is not beneficial to removing moisture, so that the quality problems of paper board products such as over high moisture content, bulging and the like are caused, the performances such as thermal shrinkage, electrical strength and the like of the aramid laminated board are influenced, and potential safety hazards can be caused in the using process of the products. Therefore, the development of the high-performance aramid laminated board has remarkable social benefit and economic value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminated board, which realizes the preparation of the high-performance aramid laminated board under the condition of industrial continuous production, and the prepared aramid laminated board has excellent mechanical property, high interface bonding strength and large apparent density.
The invention also aims to provide the aramid laminated board prepared by the preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminated board.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide the use of the above high performance aramid laminate.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-performance aramid laminated board comprises the following steps:
(1) Differential treatment of aramid fibers:
uniformly mixing aramid long fiber, aramid chopped fiber and aramid fibrid, and then carrying out pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain aramid fiber pulp;
the length of the aramid long fiber is 6-30 mm;
the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 1-15 mm;
the aramid long fibers and the aramid short fibers have different lengths;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, wet-papermaking by using an inclined wire paper machine, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: and carrying out hot pressing treatment on a plurality of pieces of aramid raw paper to obtain the aramid laminated board.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the aramid long fibers, the aramid short fibers and the aramid fibrids in the step (1) is (20-30): (20-30): (40-50).
Preferably, the diameter of the aramid long fiber in the step (1) is less than 30 μm; the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 1-30 mu m;
preferably, the aramid long fibers and the aramid chopped fibers in the step (1) have different diameters.
Preferably, the pulping treatment in the step (2) specifically comprises: the beating degree is 20-80 degrees SR.
Preferably, the step (3) of performing hot-pressing treatment on the plurality of aramid base papers specifically comprises:
according to the fiber orientation on the aramid base paper, the aramid base paper is laminated in a criss-cross mode, and then hot pressing treatment is carried out.
Preferably, the hot pressing treatment specifically comprises: the pressure is 1-20 MPa, the temperature is 100-280 ℃, and the time is 0.1-10 h.
Preferably, the aramid fibrid in the step (1) is a sheet-like aramid fibrid, and has a width of 1-500 μm, a length of 0.5-10.0 mm, and a thickness of 1-500 nm.
The high-performance aramid laminated board prepared by the preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminated board has the density of 0.5-1.3 g/cm 3 The thickness is 1.0-12 mm.
The high-performance aramid laminated board is applied to transformers, generators, rail transit, high-power motors or electrical products such as V-shaped rings, angle rings, insulating sleeves, gap gaskets, insulating tube cores and the like.
Preferably, the aramid fiber is one or more of meta-aramid fiber and para-aramid fiber polyamide fiber materials.
Preferably, the aramid fiber is aramid pulp.
Preferably, the hot pressing condition is a step program heating method.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, the method increases the surface roughness of the aramid fiber and improves the interface bonding effect of the aramid fiber by carrying out mechanical treatment on the differential aramid fiber raw materials to different degrees. The wet paper making method has the advantages that the aramid chopped fibers with different lengths and diameters are combined with the aramid fibrids to make paper, so that the problem of entanglement of longer aramid fibers can be effectively solved, and the improvement of various performances of the aramid laminated board is realized. On the other hand, after the differential aramid fiber raw material is adopted and mechanically pretreated, the small-size fibrillated aramid fiber can be well dispersed and filled in the laminated paper board, the interface bonding effect of the chopped fiber and the fibrid or aramid pulp is increased by using the framework of the superfine aramid fiber long fiber, and the interface bonding strength and the apparent density of the aramid laminate are improved.
And secondly, the membrane-shaped aramid fibrids with the thickness of 1-500 nm are adopted, so that the bonding effect of the fiber interface in the aramid paper board is improved, and the mechanical property and the electrical property of the aramid paper board are improved.
And thirdly, because the fibers in the base paper can present a certain directional arrangement phenomenon in the formation of industrial continuous production, the fibers on the base paper can have obvious orientation distribution, and the mechanical properties in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction have larger difference. According to the invention, the base paper is laminated in a criss-cross mode according to the fiber orientation of the base paper, namely the longitudinal direction of the upper layer is vertical to the longitudinal direction of the lower layer, so that the poor longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties of the laminated board are reduced after hot pressing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) According to the preparation method of the aramid fiber laminated board, the aramid fiber is subjected to differential treatment, and the inclined net former is adopted, so that the aramid fiber laminated board with high performance is prepared under the condition of industrial continuous production.
(2) According to the preparation method of the aramid laminated board, any other adhesive is not used, and the prepared aramid laminated board has high mechanical strength, high interface bonding strength, large apparent density and high dielectric strength.
(3) According to the preparation method of the aramid laminated board, the aramid laminated board is laminated in a crisscross mode, and the mechanical performance of the aramid laminated board is further improved.
(4) According to the preparation method of the aramid laminated board, the raw paper is dried, so that the hot pressing time and the hot pressing process are shortened, and the aramid laminated board with low moisture content, adjustable density and high performance is obtained.
(5) The aramid laminated board can be applied to important components of transformers, generators, rail transit, high-power motors and electrical products such as V-shaped rings, angle rings, insulating sleeves, gap gaskets, insulating tube cores and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the production of an aramid laminate of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The aramid fiber raw material used in the invention is from Ganzhou Longbang materials science and technology Limited, but the obtaining of the aramid fiber raw material is not limited in this way. The apparent density is determined according to GB/T29627.2-2013; the tensile strength and the elongation at break are tested by adopting a strip-shaped sample method according to the regulations in GB/T29627.2-2013; the bending strength is measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; measuring the water content according to GB/T29627.2-2013; the electrical strength is measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; the dielectric loss factor and the relative permittivity are measured according to GB/T29627.2-2013; the interlayer bonding performance is determined by reference to GB/T19264.2-2013.
Example 1
A preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminated board is shown in figure 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fibers: selecting aramid chopped fibers and settled fibers with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 30mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 22 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 22 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 500 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.5mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 400nm; the oven dry mass ratio of the aramid long fiber, the aramid chopped fiber and the aramid fibrid is 25. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 80 degrees SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersant, and adopting an inclined wire paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net feeding concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.002%, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, wherein the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.8%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminate: selecting a certain amount of aramid raw paper, then carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 6MPa and 100 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 10 hours to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
A high-performance aramid laminated board is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fibers: selecting aramid long fibers, aramid short fibers and precipitated fibers with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 20mm, and the diameter of the aramid short fibers is 15 microns; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 100 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 200nm; the oven dry mass ratio of the aramid long fiber, the aramid chopped fiber and the aramid fibrid is 20. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 40 DEG SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyoxyethylene dispersing agent, and adopting an inclined wire paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net-feeding concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.08%, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, wherein the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.7%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: selecting a certain amount of aramid raw paper, then carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 8MPa and 150 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 0.35h to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
A high-performance aramid laminated board is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fibers: selecting aramid long fibers, aramid short fibers and precipitated fibers with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 25mm, and the diameter of the aramid short fibers is 10 microns; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 15mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 10 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 200 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 2.1mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 230nm; the oven dry mass ratio of the aramid long fibers, the aramid short fibers and the aramid fibrids is 25. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 50 degrees SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyoxyethylene dispersing agent, and adopting an inclined wire paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net-loading concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.015 percent, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, wherein the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.5 percent;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: selecting a certain amount of aramid raw paper, then carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 15MPa and 260 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 3 hours to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
Example 4
A high-performance aramid laminated board is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fibers: selecting aramid long fibers, aramid short fibers and precipitated fibers with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 25mm, and the diameter of the aramid short fibers is 10 microns; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 5 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 200 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 4.3mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 100nm; the oven-dried mass ratio of the aramid chopped fibers to the aramid fibrids is 30:25:45. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 58 DEG SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersant, and adopting an inclined wire paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net-feeding concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.05%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.4%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: selecting a certain amount of aramid raw paper, carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 20MPa and 280 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 1 hour to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
The comparison between example 4 and example 3 shows that the paper tightness of the aramid base paper is increased along with the reduction of the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber and the thickness of the aramid fibrid, and after the aramid base paper is subjected to hot pressing treatment, example 4 has more excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties than example 3.
Example 5
A high-performance aramid laminated board is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fibers: selecting aramid fiber long fibers, aramid fiber short fibers and fibrids with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid fiber long fibers is 20mm, and the diameter of the aramid fiber short fibers is 5 mu m; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 5 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 200 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 4.3mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 100nm; the oven-dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fibers to the aramid fibrids is 30:25:45. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 60 degrees SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersant, and adopting an inclined wire paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net-feeding concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.05%, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, wherein the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 1.6%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: selecting a certain amount of aramid raw paper, carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 20MPa and 280 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 1 hour to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
The comparison shows that, in the example 5 and the example 4, the overlapping density of the fibers in the aramid paper is increased along with the reduction of the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers, the paper tightness is increased, and the example 5 has more excellent mechanical properties and dielectric properties than the example 4 after the aramid paper is subjected to hot pressing treatment.
Comparative example 1
The aramid laminate is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Differential treatment of aramid fibers: selecting aramid chopped fibers and precipitated fibers as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid chopped fibers is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 18 microns; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 100 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 800nm; the oven-dried mass ratio of the aramid chopped fibers to the aramid fibrids is 50. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 35 DEG SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersant, and adopting an inclined wire paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net-feeding concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.03%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 3.8%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminate: selecting a certain amount of aramid fiber base paper, arranging the aramid fiber base paper in a criss-cross mode, then carrying out hot pressing treatment on the multilayer aramid fiber base paper under the conditions of 8MPa and 160 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 1h to obtain the high-performance aramid fiber laminated board.
The comparison shows that the aramid fibrid adopted in the comparative example has a thickness of more than 500nm, the comparative example does not adopt aramid long fibers and short fibers with different lengths and finenesses, the performance of the aramid long fibers and short fibers is obviously reduced compared with that of the aramid short fibers in examples 1-4, and compared with example 2 added with long fibers, the density of the laminated board obtained in the comparative example is reduced, and the strength and the elongation are reduced along with the reduction of the density of the laminated board under the similar conditions.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the aramid laminate comprises the following steps:
(1) Differential treatment of aramid fibers: the aramid chopped fiber and fibrid are selected as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 100 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is more than 500nm; the oven-dried mass ratio of the aramid chopped fibers to the aramid fibrids is 50. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 35 DEG SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyoxyethylene dispersing agent, and adopting an inclined wire paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net-feeding concentration of the inclined wire paper is 0.03%, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, wherein the water content of the obtained aramid base paper is 3.6%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminate: selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, arranging the aramid base paper in a longitudinal and transverse alignment mode, then carrying out hot pressing treatment on the multiple layers of aramid base paper under the conditions of 8MPa and 160 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 1h to obtain the high-performance aramid laminate.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
In contrast, in the present comparative example, the aramid laminated paper in which the layers are laminated in the "vertically and horizontally aligned" manner and the aramid laminated paper in the "vertically and horizontally staggered" arrangement of comparative example 1 had a strength of 85.6MPa in the longitudinal direction, but a tensile strength in the transverse direction was 63.5MPa, and a difference in the strength in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction was large.
Comparative example 3
The aramid laminate is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing differential aramid fibers: selecting aramid long fibers, aramid short fibers and precipitated fibers with different lengths as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid long fibers is 25mm, and the diameter of the aramid short fibers is 10 microns; the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 15mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 10 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 200 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 2.1mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is 230nm; the oven dry mass ratio of the aramid long fibers, the aramid short fibers and the aramid fibrids is 25. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 50 degrees SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyoxyethylene dispersing agent, and adopting a cylinder paper machine to carry out wet papermaking, wherein the net concentration of papermaking is 0.08%, drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, and the moisture content of the aramid base paper is 2.3%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: selecting a certain amount of aramid raw paper, then carrying out hot pressing treatment under the conditions of 8MPa and 160 ℃, and carrying out hot pressing for 1h to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
In contrast, in the comparative example, the aramid fibers of different lengths and fineness and the ultra-thin fibrids were used in combination for papermaking, but the difference in the strength and the tensile strength of the obtained laminate was small by hot pressing in the arrangement of "criss-cross" although the aramid base paper had a small difference in the aspect ratio due to the cylinder forming method.
Comparative example 4
The aramid laminate is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Differential treatment of aramid fibers: selecting aramid chopped fibers and precipitated fibers as raw materials, wherein the length of the aramid chopped fibers is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fibers is 18 microns; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 100 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is more than 500nm; the oven dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fibers to the aramid fibrids is 50. After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is subjected to pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain differential aramid fiber pulp with the pulping degree of 35 DEG SR;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking differential aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, adding a proper amount of polyoxyethylene dispersing agent, and adopting a circular paper machine to make paper by a wet method, wherein the net-loading concentration of the paper is 0.08%, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper, wherein the moisture content of the aramid base paper is 3.1%;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: selecting a certain amount of aramid base paper, arranging the aramid base paper in a criss-cross mode, then carrying out hot pressing treatment on the multiple layers of aramid base paper at the temperature of 160 ℃ under the pressure of 8MPa, and carrying out hot pressing for 1h to obtain the high-performance aramid laminated board.
The comparison shows that the aramid fibrids adopted in the comparative example have the thickness of more than 500nm, and do not adopt the aramid long fibers and short fibers with different lengths and finenesses, compared with the performance of the aramid long fibers and short fibers in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3, the aramid fibrids prepared in comparative example 4 are made by adopting a cylinder forming mode, and the longitudinal tensile strength and the transverse tensile strength of the aramid laminated paper board are obviously reduced.
Comparative example 5
The aramid laminate is prepared by the following steps:
the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 6mm, and the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 18 mu m; the aramid fibrid is in a sheet film shape, the width of the aramid fibrid is 100 mu m, the length of the aramid fibrid is 0.7mm, and the thickness of the aramid fibrid is more than 500nm; the oven dry mass ratio of the aramid chopped fibers to the aramid fibrids is 60. Defibering aramid chopped fibers and precipitated fibers, adding a proper amount of polyethylene oxide dispersing agent, pouring into a sheet making machine after uniform dispersion, and then directly carrying out vacuum filtration and dehydration to obtain aramid wet paper blanks. And then squeezing at normal temperature, pressing out excessive water, sending into a hot press, carrying out hot pressing at 160 ℃, carrying out 8MPa pressure for 1h, and releasing pressure, cooling and demoulding to obtain the aramid laminate.
The performance index of the aramid laminate was measured and the test results are shown in table 1.
The contrast can know, this control example adopts one-step suction filtration method preparation aramid fiber cardboard, though one-step suction filtration process is simple, but moisture content is still higher in the cardboard after suction filtration squeezes, when going to the hot pressing process, the cardboard epidermis is densification fast, lead to the inside moisture of aramid fiber cardboard to be difficult to discharge, compare in other embodiment 1-5 and control 1-4 and compare, this control example obtains the moisture content of aramid fiber cardboard higher, be greater than 6%, still can cause moisture to get rid of the difficulty in actual production, cause the product to swell easily, phenomenons such as bloated package, long-term storage inner packing precipitation moisture scheduling problem.
TABLE 1 summary table of test results for high-performance aramid laminates
Note: interlayer bonding performance classification: 1. one layer should be formed after tearing, and the phenomenon of roughness exists; 2. one or more layers are broken after tearing, and obvious roughness phenomenon exists; 3. one or more layers are broken after tearing open and have obvious roughness or hair phenomenon; 4. after tearing, the layers burst and there is a noticeable roughness or hairiness.
The above-mentioned embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminated board is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Differential treatment of aramid fibers:
uniformly mixing aramid long fiber, aramid chopped fiber and aramid fibrid, and then carrying out pre-pulping treatment by a disc grinder to obtain aramid fiber pulp;
the length of the aramid fiber long fiber is 6-30 mm;
the length of the aramid chopped fiber is 1-15 mm;
the aramid long fibers and the aramid short fibers have different lengths;
(2) Preparing aramid raw paper: taking aramid fiber pulp as a raw material, wet-papermaking by using an inclined wire paper machine, and drying and rolling to obtain aramid base paper;
(3) Preparing an aramid laminated board: and carrying out hot pressing treatment on a plurality of pieces of aramid raw paper to obtain the aramid laminated board.
2. The method for preparing the high-performance aramid laminate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the aramid long fibers, the aramid short fibers and the aramid fibrids in the step (1) is (20-30): (20-30): (40-50).
3. The method for producing the aramid laminate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the aramid long fiber of step (1) is less than 30 μm; the diameter of the aramid chopped fiber is 1-30 mu m.
4. The method for preparing a high-performance aramid laminate as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the aramid long fibers and the aramid short fibers of step (1) have different diameters.
5. The preparation method of the aramid laminate according to claim 1, wherein the beating treatment in the step (2) is specifically: the beating degree is 20-80 DEG SR.
6. The method for preparing the high-performance aramid laminate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (3) of subjecting the plurality of aramid base papers to a hot pressing treatment specifically comprises:
according to the fiber orientation on the aramid base paper, the aramid base paper is laminated in a criss-cross mode, and then hot pressing treatment is carried out.
7. The method for preparing a high-performance aramid laminate as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the hot pressing treatment is specifically: the pressure is 1-20 MPa, the temperature is 100-280 ℃, and the time is 0.1-10 h.
8. The preparation method of the high-performance aramid laminate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aramid fibrids in the step (1) are sheet-like aramid fibrids having a width of 1 to 500 μm, a length of 0.5 to 10.0mm and a thickness of 1 to 500nm.
9. The high-performance aramid laminate prepared by the method for preparing the high-performance aramid laminate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the density is 0.5 to 1.3g/cm 3 The thickness is 1.0-12 mm.
10. The high performance aramid laminate of claim 9 is applied to transformers such as V-rings, angle rings, insulating sleeves, gap washers, insulating tube cores, generators, rail transit, high power motors or electrical products.
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