CN115196943A - 一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 abstract description 5
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007676 flexural strength test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其原料由基料与增强相组成;所述基料的原料组成为高岭土25~45wt%、钾长石25~38wt%、石英24~36wt%、烧滑石0.4~2.2wt%;所述增强相为硅酸锆微粉,其用量为基料的6~10wt%。此外,还公开了上述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法及其陶瓷制品。本发明通过配方设计,以硅酸锆为增强相以弥散分布在陶瓷坯体内部,通过调整二者之间的热膨胀系数差异和弹性模量差异,而在陶瓷坯体内部产生预应力,显著提高了日用陶瓷制品的强度和质量。本发明所提出的新的预应力增强方法,为日用陶瓷的强化提供了新的途径;且原材料在陶瓷行业运用广泛,适用于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及日用陶瓷材料领域,尤其涉及一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷产品具有热稳定性好、耐磨损、耐腐蚀等优良性能,但陶瓷产品因脆性高易被破坏。为了解决这一难题,许多研究人员开展了陶瓷材料增强的研究,但与通过预应力增强的混凝土和玻璃材料相比,目前的研究还存在较大的差距。预应力是指预先在材料之中引入应力以抵抗外部的破坏载荷,从而增加了材料开裂所需的应变量,提高材料断裂强度以及可靠性。通过预应力能够使混凝土的强度增加2~3倍、玻璃的强度增加4~5倍。相比而言,预应力增强陶瓷材料仍处于研究与探索阶段。预应力强化主要为外部强化和内部强化,目前日用陶瓷领域通过预应力进行内部强化研究较少。
硅酸锆是陶瓷行业必不可少的原料之一,常用于坯、釉料中作为乳浊剂,起乳浊增白的作用;硅酸锆性质稳定,不受陶瓷烧成气氛的影响,晶体硬度高,热膨胀系数低,同时还具有耐高温和耐化学腐蚀等诸多优点,在陶瓷行业使用范围十分广泛,但其对日用陶瓷增强作用却少有人研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,通过配方设计,以硅酸锆微粉为增强相以弥散分布在陶瓷坯体内部,通过调整陶瓷坯体与硅酸锆之间的热膨胀系数差异和弹性模量差异,而在陶瓷坯体内部产生预应力,从而实现提升日用陶瓷制品强度的目的。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法及其陶瓷制品。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其原料由基料与增强相组成;所述基料的原料组成为高岭土25~45wt%、钾长石25~38wt%、石英24~36wt%、烧滑石0.4~2.2wt%;所述增强相为硅酸锆微粉,其用量为基料的6~10wt%。
进一步地,本发明所述高岭土的粒度为200~500目,钾长石的粒度为180~400目,石英的粒度为250~600目,硅酸锆微粉的粒度为1200~2000目。
上述方案中,本发明所述高岭土的化学组成为SiO2 42.2~51.4wt%、Al2O3 32.3~38.9wt%、Fe2O3 0.21~0.51wt%、K2O 0.67~0.92wt%、I.L 9.6~18.4wt%;
所述钾长石的化学组成为SiO2 68.2~72.4wt%、Al2O3 14.3~17.9wt%、Fe2O30.06~0.13wt%、K2O 8.67~9.92wt%、Na2O 2.67~3.92wt%、I.L 0.11~0.23wt%;
所述石英的化学组成为SiO2 96.5~98.20wt%、Al2O3 0.43~0.56wt%、Fe2O30.11~0.19wt%、CaO 0.21~0.42wt%、Na2O 0.35~0.49wt%、I.L 0.21~2.33wt%;
所述烧滑石的化学组成为SiO2 60.2~63.4wt%、Al2O3 0.77~0.94wt%、Fe2O30.17~0.29wt%、CaO 3.3~4.2wt%、MgO 30.6~33.9wt%、I.L 0.21~1.36wt%。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的上述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述基料与增强相进行配比混合,以水为球磨介质进行球磨混合,球磨筛余控制在0.1~0.2%,得到料浆;
(2)所述料浆经脱水、真空练泥、陈腐后,得到泥段;
(3)所述泥段经可塑成型、修坯、干燥后得到的生坯,以5℃/min升温至1240~1320℃进行烧结,保温15~120min,待保温结束后自然冷却至室温,即得到日用陶瓷制品。
进一步地,本发明制备方法所述步骤(1)中按照质量比料∶球∶水=1∶1.8~2.2∶0.8~1.2进行球磨混合。所述步骤(2)中陈腐时间为10~20h。所述步骤(3)中生坯的含水率为18~24%。
利用上述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法得到的陶瓷制品,其物相组成为玻璃相、石英、莫来石以及硅酸锆晶相,其中所述硅酸锆晶相弥散分布于陶瓷制品内部而形成预应力。
上述方案中,本发明所述陶瓷制品的热膨胀系数∶硅酸锆晶相的热膨胀系数=1.6~2.1∶1,陶瓷制品的弹性模量∶硅酸锆晶相的弹性模量=0.16~0.24∶1。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过配方设计,以硅酸锆微粉为增强相以弥散分布在陶瓷坯体内部,烧滑石用于调节陶瓷坯体热膨胀系数,通过调整陶瓷坯体与硅酸锆之间的热膨胀系数差异和弹性模量差异,而在陶瓷坯体内部产生预应力,实现提升日用陶瓷制品强度的目的,抗折强度>115MPa,提升幅度达到了114~118%,有效解决了日用陶瓷脆性高、抗折强度低的问题,从而显著提高了日用陶瓷的质量。
(2)本发明原料无污染,对环境友好且方法简单,原材料在陶瓷行业运用广泛,适用于工业化生产。
(3)本发明以硅酸锆为增强相通过预应力增强日用陶瓷,提出了一种新的预应力增强方法,为日用陶瓷的强化提供了新的思考和途径。
附图说明
下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述:
图1是本发明实施例制得的日用陶瓷制品的XRD图;
图2是本发明实施例制得的日用陶瓷制品内部背散射电子图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其原料由基料与增强相组成。其中,基料的原料组成为高岭土25~45wt%、钾长石25~38wt%、石英24~36wt%、烧滑石0.4~2.2wt%,增强相为硅酸锆微粉,其用量为基料的6~10wt%。
高岭土的粒度为200~500目,钾长石的粒度为180~400目,石英的粒度为250~600目,硅酸锆微粉的粒度为1200~2000目。
高岭土的化学组成为SiO2 48.14wt%、Al2O3 36.91wt%、Fe2O3 0.42wt%、K2O0.88wt%、I.L 13.65wt%;
钾长石的化学组成为SiO2 70.25wt%、Al2O3 16.39wt%、Fe2O3 0.11wt%、K2O9.27wt%、Na2O 3.13wt%、I.L 0.85wt%;
石英的化学组成为SiO2 97.95wt%、Al2O3 0.53wt%、Fe2O3 0.19wt%、CaO0.33wt%、Na2O 0.44wt%、I.L 0.56wt%;
烧滑石的化学组成为SiO2 62.05wt%、Al2O3 0.94wt%、Fe2O3 0.29wt%、CaO3.37wt%、MgO 32.37wt%、I.L 0.98wt%。
实施例一:
1、本实施例以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其原料由基料与增强相组成。其中,基料的原料组成为高岭土35wt%、钾长石33wt%、石英30wt%、烧滑石2.0wt%,增强相为硅酸锆微粉,其用量为基料的8wt%。
2、上述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述基料与增强相进行配比混合,以水为球磨介质进行球磨(按照质量比料∶球∶水=1∶2∶1)混合4h,球磨后过250目筛,筛余控制在0.15%,得到料浆;
(2)上述料浆经脱水、真空练泥、陈腐10h后,得到泥段;
(3)上述泥段经可塑成型、修坯、干燥后得到的含水率为22%的生坯,以5℃/min升温至1300℃进行烧结,保温30min,待保温结束后自然冷却至室温,即得到日用陶瓷制品。
本实施例得到的日用陶瓷制品,以热膨胀系数,陶瓷制品∶硅酸锆晶相=2.1∶1;以弹性模量,陶瓷制品∶硅酸锆晶相=0.19∶1。
实施例二:
1、本实施例以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其原料由基料与增强相组成。其中,基料的原料组成为高岭土30wt%、钾长石35wt%、石英34wt%、烧滑石1.0wt%,增强相为硅酸锆微粉,其用量为基料的10wt%。
2、上述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述基料与增强相进行配比混合,以水为球磨介质进行球磨(按照质量比料∶球∶水=1∶1.8∶1.2)混合4h,球磨后过250目筛,筛余控制在0.15%,得到料浆;
(2)上述料浆经脱水、真空练泥、陈腐15h后后,得到泥段;
(3)上述泥段经可塑成型、修坯、干燥后得到的含水率为24%的生坯,以5℃/min升温至1280℃进行烧结,保温60min,待保温结束后自然冷却至室温,即得到日用陶瓷制品。
本实施例得到的日用陶瓷制品,以热膨胀系数,陶瓷制品∶硅酸锆晶相=1.9∶1;以弹性模量,陶瓷制品∶硅酸锆晶相=0.17∶1。
实施例三:
1、本实施例以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其原料由基料与增强相组成。其中,基料的原料组成为高岭土43wt%、钾长石28wt%、石英28wt%、烧滑石1.0wt%,增强相为硅酸锆微粉,其用量为基料的6wt%。
2、上述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述基料与增强相进行配比混合,以水为球磨介质进行球磨(按照质量比料∶球∶水=1∶2.2∶0.9)混合4h,球磨后过250目筛,筛余控制在0.15%,得到料浆;
(2)上述料浆经脱水、真空练泥、陈腐18h后后,得到泥段;
(3)上述泥段经可塑成型、修坯、干燥后得到的含水率为19%的生坯,以5℃/min升温至1320℃进行烧结,保温15min,待保温结束后自然冷却至室温,即得到日用陶瓷制品。
本实施例得到的日用陶瓷制品,以热膨胀系数,陶瓷制品∶硅酸锆晶相=1.6∶1;以弹性模量,陶瓷制品∶硅酸锆晶相=0.18∶1。
本发明各实施例得到的日用陶瓷制品,物相组成为为石英、莫来石和硅酸锆晶相(见图1)、以及玻璃相,硅酸锆晶相弥散分布于陶瓷制品内部(见图2)而形成预应力。
将上述各实施例未添加硅酸锆、其他条件不变作为相对应的对比例。对各实施例以及对比例得到的陶瓷制品进行以下抗折强度测试:基于长40mm×宽10mm×厚6mm的尺寸规格试条,采用三点法测量,利用型号为LD26.105,LSI的万能试验机进行测试。测试结果如表1所示。
表1本发明实施例和对比例得到的陶瓷制品的抗折强度
Claims (10)
1.一种以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其特征在于:所述日用陶瓷的原料由基料与增强相组成;所述基料的原料组成为高岭土25~45wt%、钾长石25~38wt%、石英24~36wt%、烧滑石0.4~2.2wt%;所述增强相为硅酸锆微粉,其用量为基料的6~10wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其特征在于:所述高岭土的粒度为200~500目,钾长石的粒度为180~400目,石英的粒度为250~600目,硅酸锆微粉的粒度为1200~2000目。
3.根据权利要求1所述的以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷,其特征在于:所述高岭土的化学组成为SiO2 42.2~51.4wt%、Al2O3 32.3~38.9wt%、Fe2O30.21~0.51wt%、K2O 0.67~0.92wt%、I.L 9.6~18.4wt%;
所述钾长石的化学组成为SiO2 68.2~72.4wt%、Al2O3 14.3~17.9wt%、Fe2O30.06~0.13wt%、K2O 8.67~9.92wt%、Na2O 2.67~3.92wt%、I.L 0.11~0.23wt%;
所述石英的化学组成为SiO2 96.5~98.20wt%、Al2O3 0.43~0.56wt%、Fe2O30.11~0.19wt%、CaO 0.21~0.42wt%、Na2O 0.35~0.49wt%、I.L 0.21~2.33wt%;
所述烧滑石的化学组成为SiO2 60.2~63.4wt%、Al2O3 0.77~0.94wt%、Fe2O30.17~0.29wt%、CaO 3.3~4.2wt%、MgO 30.6~33.9wt%、I.L 0.21~1.36wt%。
4.权利要求1-3之一所述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述基料与增强相进行配比混合,以水为球磨介质进行球磨混合,球磨筛余控制在0.1~0.2%,得到料浆;
(2)所述料浆经脱水、真空练泥、陈腐后,得到泥段;
(3)所述泥段经可塑成型、修坯、干燥后得到的生坯,以5℃/min升温至1240~1320℃进行烧结,保温15~120min,待保温结束后自然冷却至室温,即得到日用陶瓷制品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中按照质量比料∶球∶水=1∶1.8~2.2∶0.8~1.2进行球磨混合。
6.根据权利要求4所述的以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中陈腐时间为10~20h。
7.根据权利要求4所述的以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中生坯的含水率为18~24%。
8.利用权利要求4-7之一所述以硅酸锆为增强相的预应力强化日用陶瓷的制备方法得到的陶瓷制品。
9.根据权利要求8所述的陶瓷制品,其特征在于:所述陶瓷制品物相组成为玻璃相、石英、莫来石以及硅酸锆晶相,其中所述硅酸锆晶相弥散分布于陶瓷制品内部而形成预应力。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的陶瓷制品,其特征在于:所述陶瓷制品的热膨胀系数∶硅酸锆晶相的热膨胀系数=1.6~2.1∶1,陶瓷制品的弹性模量∶硅酸锆晶相的弹性模量=0.16~0.24∶1。
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