CN115183349A - Radiation-convection integration air conditioner terminal based on layered airflow organization - Google Patents
Radiation-convection integration air conditioner terminal based on layered airflow organization Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
- F24F13/10—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates movable, e.g. dampers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
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- Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
Abstract
A radiation-convection integration air conditioner terminal based on a layered airflow organization is arranged on a side wall and comprises a radiation unit, a convection unit and a heat exchange unit; the radiation units are radiation plates, the heat exchange units are in contact with the radiation plates in front to form heat conduction and heat transfer, the heat exchange units are in contact with the heat insulation back plates in the back, and the heat insulation back plates are in contact with the wall; the heat exchange unit, the front and rear radiation plates and the heat insulation back plate form an air channel which is communicated up and down and is an air channel of the convection unit, the convection unit utilizes a fan to introduce indoor air into the air channel from an air inlet, the indoor air is contacted with the heat exchange unit and the radiation plates in the air channel to form convection heat exchange, and the indoor air enters the room from an air outlet at the lower part of the convection unit; the invention combines the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner tail end with the layered air flow organization to build the indoor thermal environment, and utilizes the advantages of the layered ventilation air flow organization to directly send the outlet air of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner tail end into the human body activity area, thereby realizing the high-energy-efficiency building of the thermal comfortable environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor thermal environment construction, and particularly relates to a radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal based on layered airflow organization.
Background
Thermal comfort can significantly affect the health and work efficiency of indoor personnel, and a large amount of building energy needs to be consumed to ensure thermal comfort.
In china, room air conditioners are commonly used in residential and commercial buildings to provide thermal comfort, and by the end of 2019, the average number of room air conditioners per hundred household reaches 115.6. For example, in winter in the Yangtze river region of China, 58% of living rooms adopt room air conditioners for heating.
The radiant and convection ends are two common air conditioning ends and each has advantages. The load bearing capacity of the convection tail end is high, and the thermal response speed is high; but energy efficiency is low and the quality of the thermal environment risks discomfort. Under the heating working condition, hot air at the tail end of the traditional convection can be gathered at the upper part of a room due to the density difference and cannot be effectively sent to a personnel activity area, so that the waste of heating energy is caused; meanwhile, since the supplied hot wind is concentrated on the upper part of the room, a large vertical temperature difference (> 3 ℃) of the air is caused to cause thermal discomfort. The radiation tail end can create a uniform thermal environment, the vertical temperature difference can be ignored, and the energy efficiency is high; but the radiating end has a slow thermal response speed and is limited by the dew point temperature when cooling and can only bear limited load.
A radiation-convection integrated air conditioning terminal may combine the advantages of a radiation terminal and a convection terminal. The radiation-convection integrated air conditioner tail end can create a uniform thermal comfortable environment, and has the advantages of large load bearing capacity, high energy efficiency and high thermal response speed. However, the current research on the terminal of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner ignores the influence of the room airflow organization on human body thermal comfort, air conditioning heating capacity and energy utilization efficiency, and cannot realize the efficient comprehensive utilization of the terminal of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner. The radiative convection tips as proposed by the Board J, zhang L, deng S, yang B, huang S.2018, an experimental study on a novel radial-dependent convective heat system based on air source heat pump, energy and Buildings,158,812-821, at the university of Harbin industry, fail to take into account the effects of indoor air flow tissue, which creates a risk of discomfort and low energy efficiency in thermal environment construction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal based on a layered airflow structure, which fully considers the influence of indoor airflow structures on the thermal environment and the air conditioner performance and realizes efficient comprehensive utilization of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a radiation-convection integration air conditioner terminal based on a layered airflow organization is arranged on a side wall and comprises a radiation unit, a convection unit and a heat exchange unit; the radiation units are radiation plates, the heat exchange units are in contact with the radiation plates in front to form heat conduction and heat transfer, the heat exchange units are in contact with the heat insulation back plates in the back, and the heat insulation back plates are in contact with the wall; the heat exchange unit, the front radiation plate, the rear radiation plate and the heat insulation back plate form an air channel which is communicated up and down and is an air channel of the convection unit, the convection unit utilizes a fan to introduce indoor air into the air channel from an air inlet, the indoor air is in contact with the heat exchange unit and the radiation plates in the air channel of the convection unit to form convection heat exchange, and enters a room from an air outlet at the lower part of the convection unit.
The layered airflow organization is realized in the following mode:
the air outlet of the convection unit is arranged in the middle of the side wall;
the determination of the air outlet angle of the convection unit needs to ensure that the air outlet can overcome the action of buoyancy; when cooling is carried out, the air outlet angle is 90 degrees, namely the air outlet angle is perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the side wall; when heat is supplied, the air outlet angle is 35-45 degrees, and the included angle of the air outlet angle refers to a downward included angle with the horizontal air outlet direction;
the air flow rate of the convection unit is within 4ACH-15 ACH.
The air outlet of the convection unit is recommended to be 1.9m +/-0.1 m away from the ground in a room with a standing posture as a main point; in a room mainly with a sitting posture, the air outlet is recommended to be 1.3m +/-0.1 m away from the ground.
The heat exchange temperature and the air flow of the heat exchange unit and the convection unit are determined by coupling, the temperature of the heat exchange unit is determined according to the temperature of a cold source/a heat source, the surface of the radiation unit is required to avoid condensation during refrigeration, and for the given temperature of the heat exchange unit, the determination process of the air flow of the convection unit in 4ACH-15ACH is as follows: firstly, the air flow of a convection unit ensures that a Predicted voting value Predicted Mean Volume (PMV), a head and foot vertical temperature difference, a blowing feeling and a radiation asymmetric temperature difference of a personnel activity area all meet the requirements of a thermal comfort standard; among the air flow rates that satisfy the thermal comfort criterion, the air flow rate that maximizes the effectiveness of heat utilization is selected as the air flow rate of the convection unit.
The heat exchange unit comprises, but is not limited to, a copper coil and a copper fin.
The invention has the advantages that:
the layered air flow organization is an advanced air flow organization, and can effectively supply air to a human body activity area, particularly the upper half body of a human body, thereby efficiently providing heat comfort. Based on the radiation-convection integrated air-conditioner terminal invented by people like the sheath at the university of Harbin industry, a layered air flow structure is introduced for the first time to obtain the radiation-convection integrated air-conditioner terminal based on the layered air flow structure, which is different from the radiation-convection integrated air-conditioner terminal invented by people like the sheath at the university of Harbin industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure and installation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the changes of radiant panel temperature, outlet air temperature and inlet air temperature along with the flow of supplied air.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the variation of radiant heat output and convection heat output of the radiant panel, and air outlet heat output with the flow of the supplied air.
Fig. 4 shows the indoor velocity distribution diagram for different supply air flow rates.
Fig. 5 shows the indoor temperature distribution diagram for different supply air flow rates.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the variation of the predicted average vote value PMV with the flow rate of the supplied air.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the head-foot temperature difference according to the flow rate of air supply.
Fig. 8 is a graph of blowing sensation and radiation asymmetry temperature as a function of supply air flow.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the heat utilization efficiency according to the flow rate of the supplied air.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal based on a layered air flow organization combines radiation and the layered air flow organization to build an indoor thermal environment, and is composed of a radiation unit, a convection unit and a heat exchange unit which are arranged on an indoor side wall; the radiation unit is a radiation plate 2, the heat exchange unit comprises a copper coil pipe 5 and copper fins 4, the radiation plate 3 is in contact with the copper fins 4 to form heat conduction and heat transfer, the other surfaces of the copper fins 4 are in contact with a heat insulation back plate 2, and the heat insulation back plate 2 is in contact with a wall body; the copper fins 4 are connected with the radiation plates 2 and the heat insulation back plate 4 to form an air channel which is communicated up and down and is an air channel of the convection unit, namely the convection unit utilizes a fan to enable indoor air to enter the air channel from the air inlet 1, the indoor air is in contact with the copper coil pipes, the copper fins and the radiation plates in the air channel of the convection unit to form convection heat exchange, and the indoor air enters the room from the air outlet 6 at the lower part of the convection unit.
The air outlet of the convection unit is arranged in the middle of the side wall, so that the air treated by the heat exchange unit enters the personnel activity area from the middle of the room; in a room mainly standing, the distance between the air outlet and the ground is recommended to be 1.9m +/-0.1 m; in a room mainly with a sitting posture, the air outlet is recommended to be 1.3m +/-0.1 m away from the ground.
The determination of the air outlet angle of the convection unit needs to enable the air outlet to overcome the effect of buoyancy; when cooling is carried out, the air outlet angle is 90 degrees, namely the air outlet angle is perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the side wall; when heat is supplied, the air outlet angle is 35-45 degrees, and the included angle of the air outlet angle refers to a downward included angle with the horizontal air outlet direction; .
The temperature of the heat exchange unit and the air flow of the convection unit are determined by coupling, the temperature of the heat exchange unit is determined according to the temperature of a cold source/a heat source, the surface of the radiation unit is required to avoid the condensation problem during refrigeration, and for the given temperature of the heat exchange unit, the air flow of the convection unit is determined in 4ACH-15ACH according to the following procedures: firstly, the air flow of a convection unit ensures that a Predicted voting value Predicted Mean Volume (PMV), a head and foot vertical temperature difference, a blowing feeling and a radiation asymmetric temperature difference of a personnel activity area all meet the requirements of a thermal comfort standard; among the above air flow rates that satisfy the thermal comfort criterion, the air flow rate that maximizes the effectiveness of heat utilization is selected as the air flow rate of the convection unit. The calculation of the Predicted voted Mean volume (PMV), head and foot vertical temperature difference, sensation of blowing, and radiation asymmetry temperature difference is found in thermal comfort standards such as ASHRAE 55. The effectiveness of thermal utilization is calculated according to the formula given in the literature "Zhang S, lu Y, niu D, lin Z.2022.Energy Performance index of air di determination: thermal utilization efficiency. Applied Energy,307, 118122".
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the cold/heat quantity is transmitted to the radiation unit and the convection unit through the heat exchange unit and the cold/heat source; the radiation unit and the convection unit then transmit the cold/heat quantity to the indoor; the heat exchange unit transfers the cold/heat to the radiation unit through heat conduction; the heat exchange unit transfers cold/heat to the air in the convection unit through convection heat exchange; the radiation unit is a radiation plate; the radiation plate is connected with the heat exchange unit to form an air channel which is communicated up and down and is used as an air channel of the convection unit; the convection unit uses a fan to make indoor air enter the air channel from the air inlet and return the indoor air from the air outlet; is characterized in that radiation and laminar airflow organization are combined to create indoor thermal environment.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a laminar airflow organization based radiant-convection integrated air conditioning terminal for single person office heating. The radiation unit is a radiation plate and faces indoors; the heat exchange unit is a copper coil 5 and a copper fin 4, and a heat source working medium in the copper coil 5 can be hot water or a refrigerant (such as R410 a); the copper fins 4 are in contact with the front plate, namely the radiation plate 3, so that heat conduction and heat transfer are formed; the copper fins 4 are in contact with the rear plate, namely the heat insulation back plate 2; the heat insulation back plate 2 is contacted with the wall; the heat exchange unit, the radiation plate and the heat insulation back plate 2 form an air channel of the convection unit; the convection unit is provided with a fan on the upper part of the tail end of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner of the layered airflow structure, and the fan is used for introducing indoor air into an air channel from an air inlet 1; indoor air is contacted with the copper coil pipe 5, the copper fins 4 and the radiation plates 3 in the air channel to form heat convection so as to be heated; heated air enters the room from an air outlet 6 of the convection unit at the lower part of the radiation-convection integrated air-conditioning end of the laminar air flow organization.
The office of this embodiment is 3.9m long, 2.9m wide and 2.6m high, and there is one adult, one computer, two lamps, one cabinet and one desk in the office. The heat sources include personnel (75W), computers (60W), and lamps (144W). And the wall body with the Y =0 is an outer wall, and the other wall bodies are heat-insulating inner walls. The length, width and thickness of the radiation plate and the heat insulation plate are 1.2m and 1.0m respectively; the outer diameter of the copper coil pipe is 9.52mm, the thickness is 0.7mm, and the distance is 70mm; the copper fins are 1000mm long, 50mm wide, 0.3mm thick and 40mm apart. The sizes of the air inlet and the air outlet are 1200 mm multiplied by 50mm 2 . The air outlet is 1.3m away from the ground, and the air outlet angle is 45 degrees. In the implementation, the temperature of the inner surface of the outer wall is 10 ℃, and a typical heating working condition is represented; the temperature of the heat exchange unit is maintained at 40 ℃; the Air delivery (i.e., outlet Air delivery) was varied from 4.5ACH to 12ACH (ACH-Air Change per Hour, e.g., 4.5ACH means that 4.5 times the room volume of heated Air is delivered into the room per Hour of integrated Air conditioning terminal). The temperature of the heat exchange unit and the air supply flow are coupled with each other, so that the temperature of the radiation plate and the air supply temperature are influenced, and the indoor thermal environment is determined. This coupling will be explained below and the flow of the supply air will be determined to match the temperature of the heat exchange unit at 40 c.
The experimental-verified CFD simulation was used to obtain the following indoor thermal environment and energy efficiency. The indoor thermal environment evaluation indexes comprise average voting PMV, head and foot temperature difference, blowing feeling and radiation asymmetric temperature difference, and the specific calculation is referred to a thermal comfort standard ASHRAE 55. Energy efficiency is characterized by heat utilization effectiveness, and specific calculations are described in the literature "Zhang, lu Y, niu D, lin z.2022.Energy performance index of air distribution: thermal utilization efficiency applied Energy,307, 118122" as shown in fig. 2, as the supply air flow (i.e., outlet air flow) increases from 4.5ACH to 12ACH, the radiant panel temperature decreases from 37.1 ℃ to 36.5 ℃, the outlet air temperature decreases from 33.3 ℃ to 31.0 ℃, and the inlet air temperature increases from 25.7 ℃ to 26.2 ℃. Accordingly, as shown in fig. 3, the radiant heat output of the radiant panel is reduced from 124.0W to 106.7W, and the natural convection heat output of the radiant panel is reduced from 42.9W to 36.0W; while the supply convection heat output increases from 316.9W to 547.1W; the integrated end total heat output (out to room) increased from 483.7W to 689.8W. Thus, the heat output capacity of the radiation-convection integration tip is increased compared to either the radiation tip alone or the convection tip alone, especially at high blast flow rates. However, fig. 4 shows that the flow rate of the supplied air is not too large or too small, otherwise laminar airflow patterns cannot be formed, and the supplied air cannot be effectively used for heating the human body activity region. When the air supply flow is too small, the air supply momentum can not overcome the buoyancy effect, and the air supply directly enters the upper part of the room and can not reach the periphery of the human body. When the air supply flow is too large, the air supply momentum is far greater than the buoyancy effect, and the air supply directly reaches the floor. Under the condition of proper air supply flow, namely 9ACH, air is supplied to reach the upper half of the human body to form a layered air flow organization. Fig. 5 also shows that the inventive radiation-convection integrated tip can form laminar air flow structure to effectively heat the human body, especially the upper body of the human body, at an air supply flow rate of 9ACH. The upper half of the human body is heated, so that the human body can be heated and comfortable efficiently. Fig. 6 shows that the average vote value PMV is highest when the blast flow rate is 9 ACH; increasing the flow of supply air further increases the heat output at the integrated tip, but does not effectively boost the PMV due to the improper airflow pattern. Thus, considering the overall thermal comfort, the average vote value PMV indicates that a 9ACH supply air flow is most appropriate. Figures 7 and 8 show that at a 9ACH supply air flow, the head and foot temperature difference, the blowing sensation and the radiation asymmetry temperature difference all meet the thermal comfort standard requirements, i.e. less than 3 c, less than 20% and less than 10 c, respectively. The heat utilization efficiency in fig. 9 indicates that the energy efficiency is highest when the supply air flow rate is 9ACH. Therefore, in this embodiment, the flow rate of the supplied air should be 9ACH. The radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal of the layered air flow organization increases heat output through integration of the radiation terminal and the convection terminal, and enables the output heat to be efficiently used for heating a human body through the layered air flow organization, thereby realizing high-energy-efficiency heat comfortable environment. This demonstrates the advancement of the laminar airflow pattern of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioning tip proposed by the present invention.
It should be noted that the laminar air flow structure is an advanced air flow structure, and is commonly applied to central air conditioners, such as laminar ventilation heating "Zhang S, lin Z, ai Z, wang F, cheng Y, hue c.2019.Effects of operation parameters on performance of operation parameters for heating mode. Building and Environment,148,55-66. Under the layered airflow organization, the air supply effectively reaches the active area of the human body, especially the upper half body of the human body, thereby providing heat comfort with high efficiency. The invention introduces the laminar ventilation airflow organization to the end of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner for the first time, can be used for cooling and other building types, and can be applied to split air conditioners and central air conditioners. It should be noted that the laminar airflow structure of the terminal of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner is different from that of the central air conditioner, and mainly includes the following two aspects: 1) The layered airflow organization air outlet of the central air conditioner is square, the layered airflow organization air outlet of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal is long and narrow (determined by the structure of the radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal), and the air outlet obviously influences the indoor flow field; 2) The air supply temperature and the flow of a layered airflow organization of a central air conditioner can be independently controlled, while the air supply temperature of a layered ventilation airflow organization at the tail end of a radiation-convection integrated air conditioner is influenced by the air supply flow and cannot be independently controlled; and the air supply temperature and the air supply flow also significantly affect the indoor flow field.
Claims (5)
1. A radiation-convection integration air conditioner terminal based on a layered airflow organization is arranged on a side wall and comprises a radiation unit, a convection unit and a heat exchange unit; the radiation units are radiation plates, the heat exchange units are in contact with the radiation plates in front to form heat conduction and heat transfer, the heat exchange units are in contact with the heat insulation back plates in the back, and the heat insulation back plates are in contact with the wall; the heat exchange unit, the front radiation plate, the rear radiation plate and the heat insulation back plate form an air channel which is communicated up and down and is an air channel of the convection unit, the convection unit utilizes a fan to introduce indoor air into the air channel from an air inlet, the indoor air is in contact with the heat exchange unit and the radiation plates in the air channel of the convection unit to form convection heat exchange, and enters a room from an air outlet at the lower part of the convection unit.
2. The terminal of claim 1, wherein the laminar gas flow structure is implemented by:
the air outlet of the convection unit is arranged in the middle of the side wall;
the determination of the air outlet angle of the convection unit needs to ensure that the air outlet can overcome the action of buoyancy; when cooling is carried out, the air outlet angle is 90 degrees, namely the air outlet angle is perpendicular to the horizontal direction of the side wall; when heat is supplied, the air outlet angle is 35-45 degrees, and the included angle of the air outlet angle refers to a downward included angle with the horizontal air outlet direction;
the air flow rate of the convection unit is within 4ACH-15 ACH.
3. The layered air flow organization-based radiation-convection integrated air conditioner terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air outlet of the convection unit is located in a room with a standing posture, and the air outlet is 1.9m ± 0.1m from the ground; in a room mainly with a sitting posture, the distance between the air outlet and the ground is 1.3m +/-0.1 m.
4. The terminal of claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat exchange temperature and the air flow rate of the heat exchange unit and the convection unit are determined by coupling, the heat exchange unit temperature is determined according to the cold source/heat source temperature, and is required to prevent condensation on the surface of the radiation unit during cooling, and for a given heat exchange unit temperature, the flow rate of the convection unit air flow is determined within 4ACH-15ACH by: firstly, the air flow of a convection unit ensures that a Predicted voting value Predicted Mean Vote, a head and foot vertical temperature difference, a blowing feeling and a radiation asymmetric temperature difference of a personnel activity area all meet the requirements of a thermal comfort standard; among the air flow rates that satisfy the thermal comfort criterion, the air flow rate that maximizes the effectiveness of heat utilization is selected as the air flow rate of the convection unit.
5. The layered air flow organization based radiation-convection integrated air conditioning terminal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat exchange unit includes but is not limited to copper coils and copper fins.
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| JP2002286241A (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2002-10-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Air-conditioning device |
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