CN115182811A

CN115182811A - Novel internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: CN115182811A
Application number: CN202110365428.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何剑中
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-04-06
Filing date: 2021-04-06
Publication date: 2022-10-14

Abstract

In a traditional internal combustion engine, a cylinder is a combustion chamber, and a piston reciprocates in the cylinder by sliding friction; the problems that the fuel efficiency is reduced, the internal combustion engine is easy to overheat, and carbon deposition in the cylinder is difficult to clean thoroughly exist. The invention is an internal combustion engine which adds refractory material in the cylinder, the cylinder and the piston are rolling friction; the refractory material added in the cylinder is a flexible telescopic fire-resistant soft sleeve with a smoke tube, or a hard refractory plate is added in the soft sleeve; the fuel oil mixture is combusted in the soft sleeve or the fire-resistant plate, and the cylinder wall is not contacted with high-temperature fuel gas, so that the possibility of overheating of the internal combustion engine is reduced; meanwhile, the gas pushes the piston to do work in the soft sleeve, the piston does not contact the sealed gas, and the air-tightness requirement does not exist between the piston and the cylinder, so that the rolling friction is adopted, and the fuel oil benefit is improved; the cheap, detachable and periodically replaced refractory soft sleeve and refractory plate thoroughly solve the carbon deposition in the cylinder and the piston and reduce the use and maintenance cost.

Description

Novel internal combustion engine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of engines and generators, in particular to an internal combustion engine commonly used in the field.

Background

In a traditional internal combustion engine, a cylinder is made of aluminum alloy or alloy steel material and directly serves as a combustion chamber; the high-temperature fuel gas directly contacts and pushes the piston to do work in the cylinder through sliding friction. The defects are as follows:

firstly, a sealing ring is needed to seal gas between a cylinder and a piston, so that the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder is sliding friction; therefore, part of energy is lost, the fuel efficiency is reduced, and the friction noise is increased to a certain extent;

secondly, a high-temperature resistant lubricant required by sliding friction has certain quality requirements;

meanwhile, because of the hard mechanical seal, if the seal is not tight, fuel gas can leak to the crankshaft and the transmission mechanism;

moreover, outside the cylinder, a good cooling system is necessary; otherwise, the working for a long time, the cooling system is not good or the environmental temperature is too high, which is easy to cause overheating; similarly, the cylinder or the piston is directly contacted with high-temperature fuel gas, and possible ablation or carbon deposition is caused under the long-term action, so that the replacement or cleaning of the cylinder and the piston is low in cost, time-consuming, troublesome and poor in effect.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides a novel internal combustion engine, which reduces the friction resistance between a cylinder and a piston of the novel internal combustion engine so as to improve the fuel efficiency, reduce the friction noise and avoid the leakage of high-temperature fuel gas; meanwhile, the working temperature of the cylinder and the piston is effectively reduced, the possibility of overheating is reduced, the requirements on a cooling system are reduced, and the requirements on materials and lubricants are reduced; the service life of the cylinder and the piston is prolonged due to the improvement of the working mode and the temperature; meanwhile, the refractory material combustion chamber which is replaceable and independently detachable and is lined reduces the use and maintenance cost and difficulty of the internal combustion engine.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: in the cylinder, a replaceable, independently detachable, refractory material telescopic soft sleeve or a hard special-shaped refractory plate is added as a lining combustion chamber, and the cylinder and the piston are in rolling friction. It is characterized by comprising:

the two ends of the telescopic soft sleeve made of refractory material are respectively sealed on the edge of the cylinder port and the piston by corresponding sealing gaskets; through the assembly of the cylinder cover and the piston cover, two ends of the soft sleeve are respectively pressed and fixed on the cylinder body and the piston to form a sealed space with the cylinder cover; the piston cover is covered by a piston cover sleeve to prevent the piston cover from contacting high-temperature gas; for the internal combustion engine with medium or more discharge capacity, a hard special-shaped refractory plate is additionally arranged in a telescopic soft sleeve made of refractory materials so as to better bear high temperature, high pressure and impact and better insulate heat.

The inner surface of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine and the outer surface of the matched piston are provided with guide grooves with the same radius at corresponding positions; the grooves on the outer surface of the piston are filled with corresponding balls.

In the novel internal combustion engine, the telescopic soft sleeve made of the refractory material or the hardened special-shaped refractory plate is correspondingly divided into two structures A, B; the A-type structure aims at a small-displacement or micro internal combustion engine, a telescopic soft sleeve made of the refractory material is arranged in a cylinder, and the hard special-shaped refractory plate is not arranged; the B-type structure is corresponding to an internal combustion engine with medium or more discharge capacity, and in a cylinder, the hard special-shaped refractory plate is arranged besides the telescopic soft sleeve made of the refractory material.

In the novel internal combustion engine, the telescopic soft sleeve made of the refractory material is made of multiple layers of one or more different flexible fireproof and refractory materials in a composite manner, and is smoke-tube type, telescopic, high-temperature resistant, pressure resistant and impact resistant; steel rings are distributed in the interlayer of the outer contour to maintain the outer contour; the inner layer of the fireproof and fire-proof material can intermittently and directly contact with flame, and the outer layer of the fireproof and fire-proof material can simultaneously ensure air tightness and liquid tightness; one end of the soft sleeve is provided with a flange outwards and can be pressed on the edge of the cylinder port by a fire-resistant sealing gasket; the other end of the soft sleeve is provided with an inward folded edge and can be pressed on the piston by another fireproof sealing gasket; the soft sleeve is used as the inner lining of the cylinder and is a telescopic combustion chamber; the telescopic soft sleeve made of the refractory material is classified into A, B types and is respectively used for the A-type structure and the B-type structure; wherein, the B-shaped structure has the appearance that along the axial direction, one part is of a smoke tube type, and the other part is of a straight cylinder type. In the novel internal combustion engine, the hard special-shaped refractory plate is a hard refractory material which is resistant to high temperature, high pressure and impact and can be in direct contact with flame; the irregular fire-resistant plate comprises two components, wherein the first irregular fire-resistant plate component is a hollow cylinder, the outer surface of the first irregular fire-resistant plate component is a straight cylinder, the telescopic soft sleeve is sleeved outside the first irregular fire-resistant plate component and fixed on the inner wall of the cylinder, and the section of the inner surface of the first irregular fire-resistant plate component is a hollow trapezoid; the second special-shaped fire-resistant plate component has a closed end, a hollow interior and an open other end, is fixed on the piston through a T-shaped fastener, has a trapezoidal section of the outer surface which is matched with the first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component and the small clearance of the inner surface of the hollow cylinder, can be inserted into the first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component, and ensures that the second special-shaped fire-resistant plate component is not in contact with and has no friction with the inner surface of the first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component; the section of the small gap matching surface of the two special-shaped refractory plate components is trapezoidal, so that waste gas is easily discharged when the piston is in return stroke exhaust.

In the novel internal combustion engine, the sealing gasket is a ring-shaped sealing gasket made of a refractory material; one end of the flexible soft sleeve is pressed on the edge of a cylinder port by a ring-shaped refractory sealing gasket for sealing between the cylinder head and the flexible soft sleeve, and the ring-shaped refractory sealing gasket is of a A, B type, is only different in diameter of a ring and is respectively used for the A-type structure and the B-type structure; the other end of the flexible soft sleeve is pressed on the piston by the annular fire-resistant sealing gasket for sealing between the piston cover and the piston; the cylinder and the piston are ensured to be isolated from the fuel gas.

In the novel internal combustion engine, the piston cover is made of alloy steel; the outer surface of the piston is covered by another piston cover sleeve made of flexible refractory material, and is isolated from gas; the other end of the flexible sleeve and the sealing gasket of the piston cover are pressed in an annular groove on the upper surface of the piston; the piston cover is divided into two types A, B which are respectively used for the A type structure and the B type structure; the center of the inner surface of the A-type piston cover is provided with a boss and a screw hole which are fastened with the piston through screws; the center of the upper surface of the B-type piston cover is provided with a through hole through which a bolt passes.

In the novel internal combustion engine, the piston cover sleeve is a high-temperature-resistant, pressure-resistant and impact-resistant but non-smoke-tube type soft sleeve which is made of the same multi-layer flexible fire-resistant material as the telescopic soft sleeve; the lower edge of the piston cover is provided with an inward folded edge and is pressed by the lower edge of the piston cover; the structure is divided into A, B types which are respectively used for the A type structure and the B type structure; wherein, the surface of the A-type piston cover sleeve is not provided with holes; the center of the upper surface of the B-shaped piston cover sleeve is provided with a through hole through which a bolt passes.

In the novel internal combustion engine, the outer upper surface of the piston is provided with an annular groove for pressing the other end of the flexible soft sleeve into the piston cover and the other annular refractory sealing gasket; the center of the upper surface of the piston is provided with a through hole and a counter bore of the inner surface, and a screw or a bolt passes through the counter bore to be connected with the piston cover or the T-shaped fastener; the outer surface of the piston is provided with guide grooves with the same radius corresponding to the inner surface of the cylinder; corresponding balls are fully placed in the grooves on the outer surface of the piston; the outer diameter of the piston is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the corresponding cylinder, and the piston is in non-contact clearance fit.

In the novel internal combustion engine, the inner surface of the cylinder is provided with the guide groove with the same radius as the outer surface of the piston; the length of the groove is that one end of the groove is positioned at the stopping position of the piston compression combustion chamber, and the other end of the groove is communicated with the bottom of the cylinder, so that the piston which is firstly put with balls can be loaded into the cylinder. The structure is divided into A, B two types which are respectively used for the A type structure and the B type structure; the B type is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder, and a stopping step is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder except for the guide groove so as to position and install the hollow cylindrical first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component.

The invention has the advantages that the telescopic sealed combustion chamber formed by the refractory material of the cylinder lining effectively reduces the working temperature of the cylinder and the piston, reduces the possibility of overheating, reduces the requirements on a cooling system, materials and a lubricant, and prolongs the service life of the cylinder and the piston; meanwhile, the movement of the piston in the cylinder is changed from the original sliding friction into rolling friction, so that the fuel efficiency is improved, and the friction heat generation and the abrasion are further reduced; in addition, each part of the lining is detachably installed and can be replaced periodically, so that low cost, simplicity and convenience in use and maintenance are ensured; even, compared with the traditional carbon deposit cleaning which is difficult to solve well, only the cheap lining refractory material needs to be replaced.

Drawings

Because the invention is mainly embodied in the structure of the cylinder, the cylinder cover and other related parts which are matched with the cylinder cover to form the combustion chamber are omitted in all the following drawings;

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of an assembled cylinder of the type A or type B construction described above, without reference to all of the subsequent figures 2 through 10; schematic drawings used only to express where the sectionbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 2 to 5 is located;

FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the type A configuration at the maximum stroke position of the exhaust or compression stroke;

FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the type A configuration at the maximum stroke of the suction or power stroke;

FIG. 4 isbase:Sub>A B-type configuration, taken in cross-section A-A, at the maximum stroke position of the exhaust or compression stroke;

FIG. 5 isbase:Sub>A B-configuration, cross-sectional view taken along line A-A, at the maximum stroke position of the suction or power stroke;

FIG. 6 is a top view, side view A, of part number 7, the piston, taken in section B-B; part number 8, assembly drawing of the ball;

FIG. 7 shows guide grooves in the inner surface of section A and B, C-C of parts Nos. 3 and 4;

FIG. 8 is a front, bottom and cross-sectional view of part number 19, profiled refractory plate element two;

FIG. 9 is a front and top view of part number 18, profiled refractory plate element one;

FIG. 10 is a front and top view of part number 20, a T-shaped fastener.

All parts and corresponding part numbers in fig. 2, 4 and 6 are:

1. annular refractory sealing gasket A (for A type structure) 2. Annular refractory sealing gasket B (for B type structure)

3. Cylinder A (for A type structure) 4. Cylinder B (for B type structure)

5. Smoke tube type telescopic fire-resistant soft cover A (for A type structure) 6 smoke tube type telescopic fire-resistant soft cover B (for B type structure)

7. Piston 8. Ball

9. Piston cover A (for A type structure) 10. Piston cover B (for B type structure)

11. Piston cover A (for A type structure) 12 piston cover B (for B type structure)

13. Steel ring 14, annular refractory sealing gasket III 15, screw 16, bolt 17 and crank handle

18. Special-shaped refractory slab component I19, special-shaped refractory slab component II 20. T-shaped fastener

Detailed Description

Taking an internal combustion engine with a B-shaped structure as an example, the whole assembly is shown in fig. 4 and 5, the partial ball assembly is shown in fig. 6, the guide groove of the inner wall of the cylinder is shown in fig. 7, and the internal structure of a second special-shaped refractory plate component is shown in fig. 8; the upper, lower, inner, outer and bottom parts in the following description are all referred to the attached drawings;

setting: the cylinders are arranged in a straight line, have four strokes and have small inner diameter; therefore, the corresponding grooves of the cylinder B (part number 4) and the piston (part number 7) are four and are axially and uniformly distributed at an angle of 90 degrees; referring to fig. 6, the groove of the piston (part No. 7) is not through for filling and both ends restrain the ball (part No. 8); referring to fig. 7, a cylinder B (part No. 4) has a guide groove penetrating toward the bottom; the piston (part No. 7) is connected to the crank shaft (part No. 17) first, and after the ball (part No. 8) is filled, the cylinder B (part No. 4) is filled from the bottom of the cylinder B (part No. 4) along the guide groove and pushed to the stroke maximum position of the exhaust or compression stroke; then, a smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part No. 6) and one end of the smoke tube type part are placed on the upper surface of a piston (part No. 7) according to the graph shown in FIG. 4; a third annular refractory sealing gasket (part No. 14), which is pressed into a groove on the upper surface of the piston (part No. 7) by inwards folding the end of the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part No. 6); the piston cover B (part number 10) wraps the piston cover B (part number 12), and the lower edge of the piston cover B (part number 10) is folded inwards, pressed by the lower edge of the piston cover B (part number 12), and pressed on the annular refractory sealing gasket III (part number 14); referring to fig. 8, a slot is formed at the bottom of the second special-shaped refractory plate component (part No. 19), a T-shaped fastener (part No. 20) is placed, the T-shaped fastener (part No. 20) is horizontally rotated by 90 degrees to press the bottom of the inner surface of the second special-shaped refractory plate component (part No. 19), and then the second special-shaped refractory plate component (part No. 19), the piston cover sleeve B (part No. 10), the piston cover B (part No. 12), the annular refractory sealing gasket third (part No. 14) and one end of the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part No. 6) are fixed on the upper surface of the piston (part No. 7) through connection with the bolt (part No. 16); a first special-shaped refractory plate component (part number 18) is arranged at one end of the straight cylinder part of the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part number 6), and an annular refractory sealing gasket B (part number 2) is pressed on the first special-shaped refractory plate component (part number 18) and the turned edge of the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B and is pressed when a cylinder cover which is not drawn in the attached drawings is assembled to form a sealed combustion chamber; the assembled position of the parts, see fig. 4; the single cylinder workflow is as follows:

power stroke, before ignition, position of each component, as shown in fig. 4; at the moment, ignition is carried out, fuel gas is sealed in the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part number 6), and the work is started by pushing the special-shaped refractory plate component II (part number 19) and then pushing the connected piston (part number 7) and crank shaft (part number 17); the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part No. 6) is correspondingly stretched, and the piston (part No. 7) moves to the maximum position of the power stroke along the guide groove of the cylinder B (part No. 4) through the ball (part No. 8), and is shown in figure 5;

in the exhaust stroke, the crank shaft (part number 17) pushes the piston (part number 7) and thus pushes the connected second special-shaped refractory plate component (part number 19) to move upwards, and meanwhile, the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part number 6) is compressed, so that the exhaust gas is extruded from the upper end of the first special-shaped refractory plate component (part number 18) until the maximum position of the exhaust stroke, which is shown in FIG. 4;

in the suction stroke, the crank handle (part number 17) pulls the piston (part number 7) and thus the connected second special-shaped refractory plate component (part number 19) to move downwards, the smoke tube type telescopic refractory soft sleeve B (part number 6) is correspondingly stretched, and air enters until the maximum position of the suction stroke, which is shown in FIG. 5;

in the compression stroke, the crank shaft (part number 17) pushes the piston (part number 7) and thus the associated second shaped refractory plate member (part number 19) upward, while the tube-type flexible refractory soft sleeve B (part number 6) is compressed, compressing the air through the upper end of the first shaped refractory plate member (part number 18) until the maximum position of the compression stroke, as shown in fig. 4, completing a four-stroke cycle.

Claims

1. A new kind of internal-combustion engines, can be used for the internal-combustion engine taking gasoline, diesel oil, hydrogen or other fuel as fuel, and adopt the engine, generator field of this kind of internal-combustion engines;

the method is characterized in that: adding a refractory material into the cylinder, so that the refractory material and the cylinder cover form a combustion chamber;

the refractory material is a flexible and telescopic fire-resistant soft sleeve in a smoke tube type, or a hard special-shaped refractory plate is added in the soft sleeve;

as a telescopic combustion chamber, the cylinder and the piston are isolated from the gas;

the gas pushes the piston to do work through the refractory soft sleeve or the refractory plate, and the piston is in contact with the cylinder through the ball and is in rolling friction.

2. The refractory soft cover of claim 1, wherein: is made by compounding multiple layers of one or more different flexible fireproof and fire-resistant materials, is of a smoke tube type, is telescopic, resists high temperature, pressure and impact; steel rings are distributed in the interlayer of the outer contour to maintain the outer contour; moreover, the inner layer of the fireproof and fire-proof material can intermittently and directly contact with flame, and the outer layer of the fireproof and fire-proof material can simultaneously ensure air tightness and liquid tightness; the soft sleeve is used as the inner lining of the cylinder and is a telescopic combustion chamber; one end of the axial piston is fixed on the piston, and the other end is fixed on the cylinder body, so that the cylinder and the piston are isolated from the fuel gas.

3. The hard, profiled, refractory plate within a sock according to claim 1, wherein: the special-shaped refractory plate is a hard refractory material which is high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant and impact resistant and can directly contact flame; the special-shaped fire-resistant plate comprises two components, wherein the first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the outer surface of the first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component clamps the flexible sleeve according to claim 1 and is fixed on the inner wall of a cylinder, the section of the inner surface of the first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component is in a trapezoid shape, one end close to a cylinder cover is slightly smaller in diameter, and the other end is slightly larger in diameter; the second special-shaped fire-resistant plate component is fixed on the piston, its external surface cross-section is made into the form of trapezium, and is matched with internal surface of first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component in small gap mode, and one end close to cylinder cover is closed, and can be inserted into first special-shaped fire-resistant plate component, and can ensure that it has no contact with internal surface of first fire-resistant hollow cylinder and has no friction.

4. The soft cover and the hard special-shaped refractory plate added in the soft cover according to claim 1 are characterized in that: for a small or micro internal combustion engine, because the displacement is very small, the total heat in the combustion chamber is small in unit time, the working and cooling of the gas are fast each time, the pressure intensity of the gas is reduced rapidly, and only a flexible telescopic smoke tube type refractory soft sleeve can be used; for the internal combustion engine with small displacement and large power output, a structure that the hard special-shaped refractory plate is added in the soft sleeve is adopted.

5. The piston of claim 1 connected to the cylinder by balls, wherein: a plurality of guide grooves which are parallel to the axial direction and have semicircular sections are distributed on the inner surface of the cylinder along the axial direction of the cylinder in the cylinder cavity with a circular cross section; the outer diameter of the piston matched with the cylinder is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder, so that non-contact clearance fit is ensured; the guide grooves with the same radius are correspondingly distributed on the axial outer surface of the piston; when the piston and the cylinder are assembled, the grooves are respectively internally provided with balls with proper quantity and corresponding diameters, and the piston is ensured to be in rolling friction in the cylinder.

6. The plurality of guide grooves of claim 5, wherein: the axial distribution of the piston is determined according to the actual size of the inner diameter of the cylinder and the arrangement mode of the cylinder so as to ensure the stable operation of the piston in the cylinder; three or more guide grooves are axially distributed; for an inline combustion engine, the grooves should be evenly distributed axially; for the horizontal opposed internal combustion engine, axial grooves are added on the vertical surface with larger stress, and the grooves are close to each other and are not uniformly distributed.