CN115172812B - Hydrogen-water separation method and device for proton exchange membrane fuel cell - Google Patents
Hydrogen-water separation method and device for proton exchange membrane fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115172812B CN115172812B CN202210960636.5A CN202210960636A CN115172812B CN 115172812 B CN115172812 B CN 115172812B CN 202210960636 A CN202210960636 A CN 202210960636A CN 115172812 B CN115172812 B CN 115172812B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 245
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen-water separation method and a hydrogen-water separation device of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the following steps: inputting the gas into a primary hydrogen-water separation structure from a gas inlet to perform hydrogen-water separation; monitoring a first hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time; controlling the adjusting component according to the first hydrogen humidity value to enable the first exhaust port to be communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump or convey gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure for hydrogen-water separation; monitoring a second hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time; and controlling the second exhaust port to be communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump according to the second hydrogen humidity value, or controlling the gas exhausted by the second exhaust port to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure from the gas inlet again. The hydrogen humidity value can be set according to the adjustment of the real-time power adaptability of the engine, the separation effect of the moisture in the separated gas is improved, the steps are simple, the phenomenon of flooding of the electric pile caused by excessive moisture in the gas is avoided, and the use cost of the fuel cell is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen-water separation method and a hydrogen-water separation device of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Background
Hydrogen fuel cells have become an important part of sustainable energy systems pursued by humans as clean energy technologies, and in the process of designing and developing hydrogen fuel cells, hydrothermal management is an important content, and since water is generated in the cell stack reaction, if the cell stack contains too much water, flooding is caused, and the performance of a proton exchange membrane is affected, the water content in a hydrogen loop discharged from the cell stack is properly reduced, so that the normal operation of the cell stack is ensured.
At present, most of hydrogen-water separation devices adopted in the prior art are divided into a primary hydrogen-water separation structure, and most of hydrogen-water separation methods in the prior art only aim at the primary hydrogen-water separation structure, the hydrogen water is separated by controlling the pressure, the temperature and the like of the hydrogen water, the separation effect on the hydrogen-water separation is poor, and the separation precision is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen-water separation method and a hydrogen-water separation device of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, so as to solve the problems of poor separation effect and low separation precision of the hydrogen-water separation method in the prior art.
To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the steps of a hydrogen-water separation device comprising a primary hydrogen-water separation structure and a secondary hydrogen-water separation structure communicated with the primary hydrogen-water separation structure, wherein the primary hydrogen-water separation structure is provided with an air inlet and a first air outlet, the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure is provided with a second air outlet, the first air outlet is used for discharging gas separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure, the second air outlet is used for discharging gas separated by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, the first air outlet is provided with a first humidity sensor, the second air outlet is provided with a second humidity sensor, the primary hydrogen-water separation structure is further provided with an adjusting component, a hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen circulating pump, the adjusting component can adjust the communication between the first air outlet and the hydrogen circulating pump and also can adjust the communication between the air inlet and the second air outlet, and the hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises:
inputting the gas generated after the chemical reaction into the primary hydrogen-water separation structure through the gas inlet, and separating hydrogen from water through the primary hydrogen-water separation structure;
monitoring a first hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time according to the first humidity sensor;
controlling the regulating assembly according to the first hydrogen humidity value, so that the first exhaust port is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump, or conveying gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, and separating hydrogen from water through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure;
monitoring a second hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time according to the second humidity sensor;
And controlling the second exhaust port to be communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump according to the second hydrogen humidity value, or controlling the gas exhausted by the second exhaust port to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure again from the air inlet.
Preferably, the specific steps of controlling the adjusting component according to the first hydrogen humidity value, so that the first exhaust port is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump, or the gas is conveyed to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, and the hydrogen-water separation is carried out on the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure include:
Judging whether the first hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to a set hydrogen humidity value;
If the first hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value, the first exhaust port is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump;
And if the first hydrogen humidity value is larger than the set hydrogen humidity value, conveying the hydrogen to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, and separating the hydrogen from the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure.
Preferably, the specific step of controlling the second exhaust port to be communicated with the hydrogen circulation pump or controlling the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure again from the gas inlet according to the second hydrogen humidity value comprises the following steps:
judging whether the second hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to a set hydrogen humidity value;
If the second hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value, the second exhaust port is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump;
and if the second hydrogen humidity value is larger than the set hydrogen humidity value, controlling the gas discharged from the second exhaust port to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure again from the air inlet.
Preferably, the hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell further comprises:
And if the first humidity sensor fails, controlling the regulating component to convey the gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, and separating hydrogen from water by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure.
Preferably, the hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell further comprises:
monitoring the total length of time that gas enters the hydrogen-water separation device from the gas inlet;
Judging whether the total duration is greater than or equal to a set duration;
and if the total duration is greater than or equal to the set duration, controlling the second exhaust port to be communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump.
The hydrogen-water separation device is used for implementing the hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and is characterized in that the primary hydrogen-water separation structure comprises a first shell, the first shell is provided with the air inlet, the first air outlet, a communication port used for communicating the first air outlet and the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, and a first water outlet, the adjusting assembly comprises an electric push rod and a sealing plate connected to the output end of the electric push rod, the electric push rod can push the sealing plate to slide and has a first working position and a second working position, when the sealing plate is located at the first working position, the sealing plate breaks the first air outlet and the communication port, and opens the first air outlet, and when the sealing plate is located at the second working position, the sealing plate seals the first air outlet, and communicates the air inlet with the communication port.
Preferably, the sealing plate comprises a first sealing plate and a second sealing plate connected with the first sealing plate, the first sealing plate is slidably connected with the first shell and is connected with the output end of the electric push rod, the first exhaust port and the communication port can be disconnected, and the second sealing plate can be used for sealing or opening the first exhaust port.
Preferably, the primary hydrogen-water separation structure further comprises an arc-shaped drainage plate, wherein the drainage plate is arranged in the first shell and is positioned in the first shell, and the drainage plate and the air inlets are arranged at intervals.
Preferably, the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure comprises a second shell and a spiral plate arranged in the second shell, the second shell is provided with a second exhaust port and a second water outlet, the second shell and the spiral plate form a buffer air passage, two ends of the buffer air passage are respectively communicated with the communication port and the second exhaust port, the spiral plate is further provided with a through hole, and the second water outlet is positioned under the through hole.
Preferably, the hydrogen-water separation device further comprises a two-position three-way valve, an input port of the two-position three-way valve is communicated with the second exhaust port, a first output port of the two-position three-way valve is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump, and a second output port of the two-position three-way valve is communicated with the air inlet.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen-water separation method and a hydrogen-water separation device of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, when hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell are subjected to chemical reaction under the action of a catalyst, gas generated by the reaction is input into the primary hydrogen-water separation structure through an air inlet of the primary hydrogen-water separation structure, moisture in the gas generated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure is separated, the humidity of the separated gas is detected to be a first hydrogen humidity value through a first humidity sensor, the humidity of the gas is judged according to the detected first hydrogen humidity value, if the humidity of the gas separated through the primary hydrogen-water separation structure reaches the requirement, a first exhaust port is communicated with a hydrogen circulating pump, the separated gas is input into a galvanic pile of the fuel cell again through a circulating pump for recycling, if the humidity of the gas does not reach the requirement, the hydrogen is conveyed to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, the hydrogen is subjected to hydrogen-water separation structure, the humidity of the separated gas is judged according to the detected second hydrogen humidity value, if the humidity of the gas separated through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure is separated through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, the hydrogen is input into the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure through the circulating pump again through the circulating pump, the hydrogen is discharged from the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure again when the hydrogen is required to reach the water separation structure, and the water is recycled through the water separation structure again, the water is discharged through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure through the circulating pump, and the water is discharged through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure, and conveying the gas into the electric pile of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulating pump until the humidity of the gas meets the requirement. The method has the advantages that the hydrogen humidity value can be set according to the adjustment of the real-time power adaptability of the engine, the separation effect of separating the water in the gas is effectively improved, the accuracy of separating the water is improved, the steps are simple, the phenomenon of flooding of a pile caused by excessive water in the gas is avoided, and the use cost of the fuel cell is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hydrogen-water separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention, taken along a first angle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a hydrogen-water separation device according to an embodiment of the present invention along a second angle;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen-water separation device and hydrogen supply system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of a hydrogen-water separation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
100. a galvanic pile; 200. a hydrogen cylinder; 300. a pressure reducing valve; 400. a pressure regulating valve; 500. a check valve;
1. a primary hydrogen-water separation structure; 11. an adjustment assembly; 111. an electric push rod; 112. a sealing plate; 1121. a first sealing plate; 1122. a second sealing plate; 113. a ball; 12. a first housing; 121. an air inlet; 122. a first exhaust port; 123. a communication port; 124. a first drain port; 125. a guide surface; 13. a drainage plate;
2. A secondary hydrogen-water separation structure; 21. a second housing; 211. a second exhaust port; 212. a second drain port; 22. a spiral plate; 221. a through hole;
3. A two-position three-way valve;
4. a hydrogen circulation pump;
5. and a controller.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely for distinguishing between descriptions and not for distinguishing between them.
The invention provides a hydrogen-water separation device, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen-water separation device comprises a primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 and a secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 communicated with the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1, the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 is provided with an air inlet 121 and a first air outlet 122, the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 is provided with a second air outlet 211, the first air outlet 122 is used for discharging gas separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1, the second air outlet 211 is used for discharging gas separated by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, the first air outlet 122 is provided with a first humidity sensor, the second air outlet 211 is provided with a second humidity sensor, the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 is also provided with an adjusting component 11, the hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen circulating pump 4, and the adjusting component 11 can adjust the communication between the first air outlet 122 and the hydrogen circulating pump 4 and also can adjust the communication between the air inlet 121 and the second air outlet 211.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, after hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell chemically react under the action of a catalyst, gas generated by the reaction is input into the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 through an air inlet 121 of the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1, moisture in the gas generated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 is separated, the humidity of the separated gas is detected to be a first hydrogen humidity value through a first humidity sensor, the humidity of the gas is judged according to the detected first hydrogen humidity value, if the humidity of the gas separated through the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 meets the requirement, a first air outlet 122 is communicated with a hydrogen circulating pump 4, the separated gas is input into a pile 100 of the fuel cell again through the hydrogen circulating pump 4 for recycling, if the humidity of the gas does not meet the requirement, the gas is conveyed to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, then the gas is subjected to hydrogen-water separation through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, the humidity of the separated gas is detected to be a second hydrogen humidity value through a second humidity sensor, the humidity of the gas is judged according to the detected second hydrogen humidity value, if the humidity of the gas separated through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 meets the requirement, a second exhaust port 211 is communicated with a hydrogen circulating pump 4, the separated gas is input into a pile 100 of the fuel cell again through the hydrogen circulating pump 4 for recycling, if the humidity of the gas separated through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 does not meet the requirement, the gas discharged through the second exhaust port 211 is controlled to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 again through an air inlet 121, the moisture in the gas is separated through the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 repeatedly, or the moisture in the gas is separated through the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 and the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 repeatedly, until the humidity of the gas meets the requirement, the gas is conveyed into the electric pile 100 of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulating pump 4. The first hydrogen humidity value reaching the requirement means that the first hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value, and the second hydrogen humidity value reaching the requirement means that the second hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value. The set hydrogen humidity value is an empirical value obtained by a large number of experiments in the early stage, and different engine power ranges correspond to different set hydrogen humidity values. Therefore, the hydrogen humidity value can be set according to the adjustment of the real-time power adaptability of the engine, the separation effect of separating the water in the gas is effectively improved, the accuracy of separating the water is improved, the steps are simple, the phenomenon of flooding of the electric pile 100 caused by excessive water in the gas is avoided, and the use cost of the fuel cell is reduced. Specifically, the gases generated by the reaction include water vapor and hydrogen.
Wherein the closure plate 112 of fig. 1 and 2 is in a first operative position.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 includes a first housing 12, the first housing 12 is provided with an air inlet 121, a first air outlet 122, a communication port 123 for communicating the first air outlet 122 with the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, and a first water outlet 124, the adjusting assembly 11 includes an electric push rod 111, and a sealing plate 112 connected to an output end of the electric push rod 111, the electric push rod 111 can push the sealing plate 112 to slide to have a first working position and a second working position, when the sealing plate 112 is located at the first working position, the sealing plate 112 disconnects the first air outlet 122 from the communication port 123 and opens the first air outlet 122, and when the sealing plate 112 is located at the second working position, the sealing plate 112 seals the first air outlet 122 and communicates the air inlet 121 with the communication port 123. Specifically, when the first hydrogen humidity value detected by the first humidity sensor is less than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value, the electric push rod 111 pushes the sealing plate 112 to move to the first working position, so that the sealing plate 112 disconnects the first exhaust port 122 and the communication port 123, and opens the first exhaust port 122, and the separated gas is re-conveyed from the first exhaust port 122 to the stack 100 of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulation pump 4; when the first hydrogen humidity value detected by the first humidity sensor is greater than the set hydrogen humidity value, the electric push rod 111 pushes the sealing plate 112 to move to the second working position, so that the sealing plate 112 seals the first exhaust port 122 and communicates the air inlet 121 with the communication port 123, and it can be understood that the gas after separation by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 enters the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 through the communication port 123, and then the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 separates the gas; wherein the first drain port 124 is for draining the moisture separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sealing plate 112 includes a first sealing plate 1121 and a second sealing plate 1122 connected to the first sealing plate 1121, the first sealing plate 1121 is slidably connected to the first housing 12 and connected to the output end of the electric putter 111, and is capable of disconnecting the first exhaust port 122 and the communication port 123, and the second sealing plate 1122 is capable of closing or opening the first exhaust port 122. Specifically, when the electric push rod 111 pushes the first sealing plate 1121 to slide and move to the first working position, the first sealing plate 1121 disconnects the first exhaust port 122 and the communication port 123, the second sealing plate 1122 opens the first exhaust port 122, and the separated gas is re-delivered from the first exhaust port 122 to the stack 100 of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulation pump 4; when the electric push rod 111 pushes the first sealing plate 1121 to slide and move to the second working position, the second sealing plate 1122 seals the first exhaust port 122, at this time, the air inlet 121 is communicated with the communication port 123, and the gas after being separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 enters the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 through the communication port 123, and then the gas is separated by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first sealing plate 1121 and the second sealing plate 1122 are vertically arranged, and the balls 113 are provided at the connection between the first sealing plate 1121 and the first housing 12. When the electric push rod 111 pushes the first sealing plate 1121 to move, the balls 113 roll synchronously to increase the sliding performance of the first sealing plate 1121.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 further includes an arc-shaped drainage plate 13, where the drainage plate 13 is disposed in the first housing 12 and is located in the first housing 12, and the drainage plate 13 and the air inlet 121 are disposed at intervals. It can be understood that the gas input from the gas inlet 121 can be injected to the flow guiding plate 13, and a part of moisture in the gas can be separated in the process of the impact of the gas and the flow guiding plate 13, so that the separation of the moisture in the gas is realized.
Specifically, the number of the drainage plates 13 is plural, and the plurality of drainage plates 13 are arranged at intervals. By this arrangement, the effect of separating the moisture in the gas by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 can be improved. In the present embodiment, an example is given of providing one flow guiding plate 13, wherein, along the height direction of the first housing 12, the upper end of the flow guiding plate 13 is flush with the upper end of the air inlet 121, and the lower end of the flow guiding plate 13 is lower than the lower end of the air inlet 121. The ab direction in fig. 1 and 2 is the height direction of the first housing 12.
Further specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and2, the first drain opening 124 is located at the bottom of the first housing 12 in the height direction of the first housing 12. It will be appreciated that the moisture is able to flow down the flow-guide plate 13 under the influence of gravity and eventually into the first drain opening 124.
More specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first housing 12 is further provided with a guide surface 125, and the guide surface 125 is located at the lower end of the drain plate 13 in the height direction of the first housing 12, and the guide surface 125 is capable of draining the water flowing down from the drain plate 13 to the first drain port 124. This arrangement allows the water separated by the drain plate 13 to flow into the first drain opening 124 more smoothly. More specifically, the first drain port 124 communicates with the outside through a hose. Thereby realizing the drainage of the separated moisture.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 includes a second housing 21 and a spiral plate 22 disposed in the second housing 21, the second housing 21 is provided with a second air outlet 211 and a second water outlet 212, the second housing 21 and the spiral plate 22 form a buffer air passage, two ends of the buffer air passage are respectively communicated with the communication port 123 and the second air outlet 211, the spiral plate 22 is further provided with a through hole 221, and the second water outlet 212 is located right below the through hole 221. Specifically, when the gas enters the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 through the communication port 123, the gas enters the gas passage, and it is understood that the gas passage formed by the second housing 21 and the spiral plate 22 is spiral, the gas enters the gas passage and collides with the spiral plate 22 and the second housing 21 so that moisture in the gas adheres to the spiral plate 22 and the second housing 21, wherein the spiral plate 22 is provided with a through hole 221, and the second water discharge port 212 is located below the through hole 221 so that moisture adhering to the spiral plate 22 flows into the second water discharge port 212 through the through hole 221 after accumulating a certain amount, and moisture adhering to the inner wall of the second housing 21 also flows into the second water discharge port 212 through the inner wall of the second housing 21 so as to discharge the moisture separated by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 out of the second housing 21; the spiral plate 22 can buffer the flow rate of the gas entering the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, so that the separation effect of the moisture in the gas is better. Specifically, the second drain port 212 communicates with the outside through a hose.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the center axis of the second exhaust port 211 coincides with the center axis of the spiral plate 22.
1-3, The hydrogen-water separation device further comprises a two-position three-way valve 3, wherein an input port of the two-position three-way valve 3 is communicated with the second exhaust port 211, a first output port of the two-position three-way valve 3 is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump 4, and a second output port of the two-position three-way valve 3 is communicated with the air inlet 121. Specifically, when the second hydrogen humidity value detected by the second exhaust port 211 is equal to or less than the set hydrogen humidity value, the input port and the first output port of the two-position three-way valve 3 are communicated to communicate the second exhaust port 211 with the hydrogen circulation pump 4, so that the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port 211 is re-input into the stack 100 of the fuel cell; when the second hydrogen humidity value detected by the second exhaust port 211 is greater than the set hydrogen humidity value, the input port and the second output port of the two-position three-way valve 3 are communicated to communicate the second exhaust port 211 with the gas inlet 121, so that the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port 211 is re-input into the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 to perform hydrogen-water separation on the gas again.
Specifically, the input port of the two-position three-way valve 3 is communicated with the second exhaust port 211 through a rubber pipe, and the first output port of the two-position three-way valve 3 is communicated with the input port of the hydrogen circulating pump 4 through a rubber pipe; the second output port of the two-position three-way valve 3 is communicated with the air inlet 121 through a rubber pipe.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the hydrogen-water separation device further includes a controller 5, and the controller 5 is electrically connected to the first humidity sensor, the second humidity sensor, the hydrogen circulation pump 4, the electric push rod 111 and the two-position three-way valve 3. The first humidity sensor can transmit the detected first hydrogen humidity value to the controller 5 in the form of an electric signal, and the controller 5 can control the electric push rod 111 to drive the sealing plate 112 to move according to the acquired electric signal; the second humidity sensor can transmit the detected second hydrogen humidity value to the controller 5 in the form of an electric signal, and the controller 5 can control the electric push rod 111 to drive the sealing plate 112 to move according to the acquired electric signal; the controller 5 is also capable of controlling the input port of the two-position three-way valve 3 to communicate with one of the first output port and the second output port, and the controller 5 is also capable of controlling the hydrogen circulation pump 4 to deliver the gas discharged from the first exhaust port 122 and the second exhaust port 211 into the stack 100 of the fuel cell.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen supply system further includes a hydrogen cylinder 200, a pressure reducing valve 300, a pressure regulating valve 400, and a check valve 500, where the hydrogen in the hydrogen cylinder 200 sequentially passes through the pressure reducing valve 300, the pressure regulating valve 400, and the check valve 500 and is delivered into the stack 100 of the fuel cell, and after the hydrogen and the oxygen in the fuel cell undergo chemical reaction under the action of the catalyst, the reacted gas is delivered into the stack 100 of the fuel cell together with the hydrogen in the hydrogen cylinder 200 after being separated by the hydrogen and water. Specifically, the controller 5 is also electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve 300, the pressure regulating valve 400, and the check valve 500, and is capable of controlling the pressure reducing valve 300, the pressure regulating valve 400, and the check valve 500 to operate.
The specific structure of the electric push rod 111 belongs to the prior art, and is not described herein.
The invention also provides a hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is used for being implemented in the hydrogen-water separation device, as shown in fig. 4, and comprises the following steps:
s100, inputting the gas generated after the chemical reaction into the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 through the gas inlet 121, and separating hydrogen from water through the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1.
Specifically, the input gas is subjected to hydrogen-water separation by the flow guide plate 13 provided in the first housing 12.
S200, monitoring a first hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time according to a first humidity sensor.
And S300, controlling the regulating assembly 11 according to the first hydrogen humidity value, so that the first exhaust port 122 is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump 4, or conveying the gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, and separating the hydrogen from the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2.
The specific steps of controlling the adjusting component 11 according to the first hydrogen humidity value, so that the first exhaust port 122 is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump 4, or delivering the gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, and performing hydrogen-water separation on the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 include:
S310, judging whether the first hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value.
If the first hydrogen humidity value is equal to or less than the set hydrogen humidity value, S320 is performed.
S320, the first exhaust port 122 is communicated with the hydrogen circulation pump 4. Specifically, the electric push rod 111 is controlled to push the first sealing plate 1121 to move to the first working position, so that the sealing plate 112 disconnects the first exhaust port 122 and the communication port 123, and opens the first exhaust port 122, and the separated hydrogen is re-delivered into the stack 100 of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulation pump 4.
If the first hydrogen humidity value is greater than the set hydrogen humidity value, S330.
S330, conveying the hydrogen to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, and separating the hydrogen from the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2. It will be appreciated that when the first hydrogen humidity value of the gas separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 is greater than the set hydrogen humidity value, the humidity of the gas is not satisfactory, the electric push rod 111 pushes the sealing plate 112 to move to the second working position, so that the sealing plate 112 seals the first air outlet 122, and the air inlet 121 is communicated with the communication port 123, the gas is conveyed from the communication port 123 to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, and hydrogen-water separation is performed on the gas again through the spiral plate 22 and the second housing 21.
S400, monitoring a second hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time according to a second humidity sensor.
S500, controlling the second exhaust port 211 to be communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump 4 according to the second hydrogen humidity value, or controlling the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port 211 to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 again through the gas inlet 121.
Specifically, the specific steps of controlling the second exhaust port 211 to communicate with the hydrogen circulation pump 4 or controlling the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port 211 to reenter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 through the gas inlet 121 according to the second hydrogen humidity value include:
S510, judging whether the second hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value.
If the second hydrogen humidity value is equal to or less than the set hydrogen humidity value, S520 is performed.
S520, the second exhaust port 211 is communicated with the hydrogen circulation pump 4. Specifically, the electric push rod 111 is controlled to push the first sealing plate 1121 to move to the second working position, so that the sealing plate 112 seals the first exhaust port 122, the air inlet 121 is communicated with the communication port 123, the gas separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 enters the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 through the communication port 123, the gas is separated by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2, and the separated gas is re-conveyed into the electric stack 100 of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulating pump 4.
If the second hydrogen humidity value is greater than the set hydrogen humidity value, S530 is performed.
S530, controlling the gas discharged from the second exhaust port 211 to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 again through the gas inlet 121. It can be understood that the water in the gas is repeatedly separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1, or the water in the gas is repeatedly separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure 1 and the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 until the humidity of the gas meets the requirement, and then the gas is conveyed into the electric pile 100 of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulating pump 4.
Wherein, the set hydrogen humidity value is an empirical value obtained by a large number of experiments in the prior stage. Different engine power ranges correspond to different set hydrogen humidity values.
Therefore, the hydrogen humidity value can be set according to the adjustment of the real-time power adaptability of the engine, the separation effect of separating the water in the gas is effectively improved, the accuracy of separating the water is improved, the steps are simple, the phenomenon of flooding of the electric pile 100 caused by excessive water in the gas is avoided, and the use cost of the fuel cell is reduced.
In order to avoid the condition that the first humidity sensor fails in the process of separating hydrogen from water, the hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
If the first humidity sensor fails, the control and regulation assembly 11 conveys the gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2 and performs hydrogen-water separation on the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure 2.
Wherein, the failure of the first humidity sensor refers to the condition that the first humidity sensor is open circuit and the like.
Specifically, if the controller 5 does not receive the electric signal of the first humidity sensor, when the first humidity sensor is completely separated from the gas by the first-stage hydrogen-water separation structure 1, the controller 5 controls the electric push rod 111 to push the first sealing plate 1121 to the second working position, so that the sealing plate 112 seals the first air outlet 122 and communicates the air inlet 121 with the communication port 123, the gas is conveyed from the communication port 123 to the second-stage hydrogen-water separation structure 2, the gas is subjected to hydrogen-water separation again by the spiral plate 22 and the second housing 21, at this time, if the second hydrogen humidity value of the gas measured by the second humidity sensor is less than or equal to the set humidity value, the gas is conveyed again into the electric pile 100 of the fuel cell by the hydrogen circulation pump 4, and if the second hydrogen humidity value of the gas measured by the second humidity sensor is greater than the set humidity value, the middle moisture of the gas is separated by the first-stage hydrogen-water separation structure 1, or the moisture in the gas is separated by the first-stage hydrogen-water separation structure 1 and the second-water separation structure 2 is repeatedly conveyed into the electric pile 100 of the fuel cell by the hydrogen circulation pump 4 until the humidity of the gas is compounded.
By the arrangement, the phenomenon that the hydrogen-water separation device cannot normally perform hydrogen-water separation due to the failure of the first humidity sensor can be effectively avoided.
In order to avoid the condition that the second humidity sensor fails in the process of separating hydrogen from water, the hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
The total length of time that the gas enters the hydrogen-water separation device from the gas inlet 121 is monitored.
Judging whether the total duration is greater than or equal to the set duration.
If the total duration is equal to or longer than the set duration, the second exhaust port 211 is controlled to communicate with the hydrogen circulation pump 4.
Wherein, the failure of the second humidity sensor refers to the condition that the second humidity sensor is open-circuited, etc.
It can be understood that the set period of time is a period of time that is sufficient to reduce the humidity in the gas below the set hydrogen humidity value, and if the total period of time is greater than or equal to the set period of time, it indicates that the humidity of the gas is less than or equal to the set hydrogen humidity value, the second exhaust port 211 is communicated with the hydrogen circulation pump 4 through the two-position three-way valve 3, and the gas is delivered into the stack 100 of the fuel cell through the hydrogen circulation pump 4.
By the arrangement, the phenomenon that the hydrogen-water separation device cannot normally perform hydrogen-water separation due to the failure of the second humidity sensor can be effectively avoided.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided for clarity of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments of the present invention. Various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. The hydrogen-water separation method of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is characterized in that the hydrogen-water separation device comprises a primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) and a secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2) communicated with the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1), the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) is provided with an air inlet (121) and a first air outlet (122), the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2) is provided with a second air outlet (211), the first air outlet (122) is used for discharging gas separated by the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1), the second air outlet (211) is used for discharging gas separated by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2), the first air outlet (122) is provided with a first humidity sensor, the second air outlet (211) is provided with a second humidity sensor, the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) is also provided with an adjusting component (11), a hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen circulation pump (4), the adjusting component (11) can adjust the communication between the first air outlet (122) and the hydrogen circulation pump (4), and also can adjust the communication between the air inlet (121) and the second air outlet (211) and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprises the hydrogen-water separation method.
Inputting the gas generated after the chemical reaction into the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) through the gas inlet (121), and separating hydrogen from water through the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1);
monitoring a first hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time according to the first humidity sensor;
Controlling the regulating assembly (11) according to the first hydrogen humidity value, so that the first exhaust port (122) is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump (4), or the gas is conveyed to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2), and hydrogen-water separation is carried out on the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2);
monitoring a second hydrogen humidity value of the gas in real time according to the second humidity sensor;
And controlling the second exhaust port (211) to be communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump (4) according to the second hydrogen humidity value, or controlling the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port (211) to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) again through the gas inlet (121).
2. The hydrogen-water separation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of controlling the regulating assembly (11) according to the first hydrogen humidity value so that the first exhaust port (122) communicates with the hydrogen circulation pump (4) or delivering gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2) and separating hydrogen from gas by the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2) include:
Judging whether the first hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to a set hydrogen humidity value;
If the first hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to a set hydrogen humidity value, the first exhaust port (122) is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump (4);
And if the first hydrogen humidity value is larger than the set hydrogen humidity value, conveying hydrogen to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2), and separating hydrogen from gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2).
3. The hydrogen-water separation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the specific step of controlling the communication between the second exhaust port (211) and the hydrogen circulation pump (4) or controlling the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port (211) to reenter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) through the gas inlet (121) according to the second hydrogen humidity value comprises:
judging whether the second hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to a set hydrogen humidity value;
if the second hydrogen humidity value is smaller than or equal to a set hydrogen humidity value, the second exhaust port (211) is communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump (4);
and if the second hydrogen humidity value is larger than the set hydrogen humidity value, controlling the gas exhausted from the second exhaust port (211) to enter the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) again through the gas inlet (121).
4. The method for hydrogen-water separation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for hydrogen-water separation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell further comprises:
And if the first humidity sensor fails, controlling the regulating assembly (11) to convey the gas to the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2), and separating the hydrogen from the gas through the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2).
5. The method for hydrogen-water separation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for hydrogen-water separation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell further comprises:
monitoring the total length of time that gas enters the hydrogen-water separation device from the gas inlet (121);
Judging whether the total duration is greater than or equal to a set duration;
And if the total duration is greater than or equal to the set duration, controlling the second exhaust port (211) to be communicated with the hydrogen circulating pump (4).
6. Hydrogen-water separation device, characterized in that it is used for implementing the hydrogen-water separation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) comprises a first housing (12), the first housing (12) is provided with the air inlet (121), the first air outlet (122), a communication port (123) for communicating the first air outlet (122) with the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2), and a first water outlet (124), the regulating assembly (11) comprises an electric push rod (111), and a sealing plate (112) connected to the output end of the electric push rod (111), the electric push rod (111) can push the sealing plate (112) to slide to have a first working position and a second working position, when the sealing plate (112) is located in the first working position, the sealing plate (112) disconnects the first air outlet (122) from the communication port (123), and opens the first air outlet (122), when the sealing plate (112) is located in the second working position, the air inlet (122) is communicated with the sealing plate (121).
7. The hydrogen-water separation device according to claim 6, wherein the sealing plate (112) includes a first sealing plate (1121) and a second sealing plate (1122) connected to the first sealing plate (1121), the first sealing plate (1121) is slidably connected to the first housing (12) and connected to the output end of the electric push rod (111), and is capable of disconnecting the first exhaust port (122) and the communication port (123), and the second sealing plate (1122) is capable of closing or opening the first exhaust port (122).
8. The hydrogen-water separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the primary hydrogen-water separation structure (1) further comprises an arc-shaped flow guiding plate (13), wherein the flow guiding plate (13) is arranged in the first shell (12) and is positioned in the first shell (12), and the flow guiding plate (13) and the air inlet (121) are arranged at intervals.
9. The hydrogen-water separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the secondary hydrogen-water separation structure (2) comprises a second housing (21) and a spiral plate (22) arranged in the second housing (21), the second housing (21) is provided with the second exhaust port (211) and a second water outlet (212), the second housing (21) and the spiral plate (22) form a buffer air passage, two ends of the buffer air passage are respectively communicated with the communication port (123) and the second exhaust port (211), the spiral plate (22) is further provided with a through hole (221), and the second water outlet (212) is positioned right below the through hole (221).
10. The hydrogen-water separation device according to claim 6, characterized in that the hydrogen-water separation device further comprises a two-position three-way valve (3), an input port of the two-position three-way valve (3) is communicated with the second exhaust port (211), a first output port of the two-position three-way valve (3) is communicated with the hydrogen circulation pump (4), and a second output port of the two-position three-way valve (3) is communicated with the gas inlet port (121).
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