CN115164514B - System and method for suspending and drying biomass in swirling field by utilizing flue gas - Google Patents

System and method for suspending and drying biomass in swirling field by utilizing flue gas Download PDF

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CN115164514B
CN115164514B CN202210644244.8A CN202210644244A CN115164514B CN 115164514 B CN115164514 B CN 115164514B CN 202210644244 A CN202210644244 A CN 202210644244A CN 115164514 B CN115164514 B CN 115164514B
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drying
flue gas
biomass
dryer
feeder
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CN115164514A (en
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张会岩
周志雄
肖睿
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/084—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed with heat exchange taking place in the fluidised bed, e.g. combined direct and indirect heat exchange
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/10—Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/001—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements
    • F26B25/002—Handling, e.g. loading or unloading arrangements for bulk goods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
    • F26B25/08—Parts thereof
    • F26B25/12—Walls or sides; Doors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a system and a method for suspending and drying biomass in a cyclone field by utilizing flue gas; at present, the high-efficiency conversion and utilization of biomass are influenced by higher water content, and the biomass needs to be dried to a certain degree to prepare carbon and gas, so that the energy consumption is higher. The system of the invention comprises: flue gas pipeline, cold air duct, mixing drying duct, centrifugal fan, converter, feed bin, screw feeder, venturi feeder, circuit controller, data acquisition instrument, thermocouple, flowmeter, whirl suspension dryer, collecting box. The system utilizes the flue gas waste heat cyclone suspension dryer to enable the materials to rotate and revolve at a high speed under the action of boundary layer fluid in the dryer, so that the moisture of the materials is easier to separate out, the drying efficiency is obviously improved, the drying energy consumption is reduced, and the heat value of biomass is improved. The invention provides an important way for drying biomass with high efficiency and low energy consumption.

Description

System and method for suspending and drying biomass in swirling field by utilizing flue gas
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass drying, in particular to a system and a method for suspending and drying biomass in a cyclone field by utilizing flue gas.
Background
Under the pressure of energy and environment, the development of clean renewable energy sources is an urgent problem in countries around the world. Compared with other energy sources, biomass energy has the characteristics of being renewable, less in pollution, storable, transportable and the like, and is therefore receiving a great deal of attention. China is a large agricultural country, and has rich biomass resources, huge quantity and variety diversity.
The biomass energy utilization technology mainly comprises biomass direct-fired power generation technology, gasification power generation technology, biomass oil production technology, biomass briquette fuel and the like. Because biomass raw materials have the defects of high water content, low heat value, low energy density, easy decay and the like, if the biomass raw materials are not subjected to pretreatment such as drying and the like, the economy and the storage period of long-distance transportation of the biomass raw materials can be seriously reduced, the heat value of the biomass raw materials can be reduced, the flue gas treatment capacity in the biomass utilization process can be remarkably improved, the sizes of bodies such as boilers and auxiliary equipment can be remarkably increased, and finally the heat efficiency of the biomass raw materials is reduced and the manufacturing cost is remarkably increased.
Biomass drying is a key technology for biomass pretreatment. Biomass drying is to reduce the water content in biomass by using a technical method, and the traditional method is to dry the biomass by using a heat source. Natural drying or air drying is the earliest method of drying biomass, but this method is large in floor space and time consuming and is not suitable for mass production.
Traditional biomass direct-combustion power generation generally utilizes the waste heat of boiler flue gas to dry biomass fuel. Patent CN103254918A discloses a system and a method for drying and carbonizing biomass fuel by using boiler flue gas, and the biomass fuel is dried by using flue gas waste heat after a boiler dust remover, so that the influence of the water content of the biomass fuel on a boiler system is avoided. Patent CN102954678A discloses a method for drying biomass fuel by using biomass boiler flue gas, mainly through the contact heat exchange between the dedusted biomass boiler flue gas and the biomass fuel, thereby drying the biomass fuel.
The traditional drying method in the prior art has the advantages of lower drying effect on biomass, higher energy consumption, uneven material drying, larger equipment size and higher drying cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems in the background art and provides a system for suspending and drying biomass in a cyclone field by utilizing flue gas, which comprises a flue gas pipeline, a cold air duct, a mixed drying duct, a centrifugal fan, a fan frequency converter, a feed bin, a screw feeder, a Venturi feeder, a circuit controller, a data acquisition instrument, a thermocouple, a flowmeter, a cyclone suspension dryer and a collecting box, wherein the input end of the cold air duct is connected with the centrifugal fan, and the centrifugal fan is provided with a fan frequency converter for controlling output frequency in a matching way;
the output end of the mixing drying air duct is provided with a Venturi feeder; the output end of the Venturi feeder is connected with the input end of the screw feeder, the other input end of the screw feeder is provided with a feed bin, and the output end of the screw feeder is provided with a screw feeding frequency converter;
the other output end of the Venturi feeder is connected with the input end of the cyclone suspension dryer, and airflow carrying materials enter the cyclone suspension dryer from the tangential inlet, and the cyclone suspension dryer comprises an upper cylinder, a lower cone, the tangential inlet, an air outlet, a blanking port and a dryer sight glass; the inner wall surface of the cyclone suspension dryer is carved with a diversion trench, and the outer wall surface of the cyclone suspension dryer is provided with sampling and measuring holes.
Preferably, the flue gas pipeline is provided with an inlet regulating valve; the flowmeter is arranged on the cold air duct, and the thermocouple is arranged on the mixed drying duct.
Preferably, a feeder view mirror is mounted above the venturi feeder.
Preferably, the collecting box has been placed to the below of blanking mouth, and blanking mouth and collecting box junction are provided with the filter screen, and collecting box one side is provided with the discharge gate.
Preferably, the system is provided with a data acquisition instrument, which records the values of the flowmeter and the thermocouple in real time.
Preferably, an insulating layer is arranged on the inner wall of the cyclone suspension dryer.
A method for suspending and drying biomass in a swirling field by utilizing flue gas, comprising the following specific steps:
s1, hot flue gas enters from a flue gas pipeline, cold air enters from a cold air duct through a centrifugal fan, and hot air and cold air flow are respectively regulated through a hot air inlet regulating valve and a fan frequency converter so as to control the air temperature in a mixed drying duct;
s2, enabling air in the mixed drying air channel to carry crushed material particles added through the screw feeder and the venturi feeder to enter a cyclone suspension dryer for drying;
s3, the materials are in a cylindrical cone area of the cyclone suspension dryer, the gravity of the materials, the centrifugal force generated by the cyclone motion and the pressure of the wall surface facing the particles are applied to the particles, and the drag force generated by the airflow on the particles and the friction resistance of the wall surface facing the particles act on the particles together, so that the motion states of the particles show different trends;
s4, the particles are mainly acted by upward supporting force, show suspension state rotation trend, adjust feeding quantity and wind speed to control the residence time of the material particles in drying, and enter a collecting box after reaching proper water content.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) The method utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas to dry the biomass with Gao Hanshui rate, fully utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas and reduces the drying energy consumption.
(2) The design of the hot air duct valve, the cold air duct variable frequency fan and the mixed drying duct can control the air temperature of the dried materials, and the material drying effect is good.
(3) The cyclone drying process is adopted, biomass is fully contacted with gas in the process, the heat exchange efficiency is high, the heating is uniform, the gravity applied to material particles, the centrifugal force generated by cyclone movement and the pressure of the wall surface to the particles are applied to the cylindrical cone region in the cyclone suspension dryer, and the drag force generated by the airflow to the particles and the friction resistance of the wall surface to the particles jointly act on the particles, so that the movement states of the particles are different. The particles are mainly acted by upward supporting force, show suspension state rotation trend, can adjust the feeding quantity and wind speed to control the residence time of the material particles in drying, and compared with a dryer which can not smoothly discharge materials and prolong the residence time by adding a plurality of layers of baffles in the prior art, the drying time and the drying temperature are greatly reduced, the required target water content of the materials can be achieved in a short time, and the drying efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spin-on suspension dryer according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a spin-suspension dryer according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the analysis of the stress state of the material according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the drying curve of wheat straw dried by the cyclone suspension dryer according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph showing drying characteristics of a conventional drying apparatus.
Reference numerals: 1. a centrifugal fan; 2. a flow meter; 3. an inlet regulating valve; 4. a thermocouple; 5. a venturi feeder; 6. a feeder mirror; 7. a screw feeder; 8. a storage bin; 9. a cold air duct; 10. a spiral feed frequency converter; 11. a cyclone suspension dryer; 12. mixing and drying the air duct; 13. a filter screen; 14. a collection box; 15. a discharge port; 16. a data acquisition instrument; 17. a circuit controller; 18. a fan frequency converter; 19. a flue gas duct; 20. a tangential inlet; 21. a dryer view mirror; 22. an air outlet; 23. an upper cylinder; 24. measuring holes; 25. a diversion trench; 26. a lower cone; 27. a blanking port; 28. and a heat preservation layer.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the system for suspending and drying biomass in a swirling field by utilizing flue gas provided by the invention comprises a flue gas pipeline 19, a cold air duct 9, a mixed drying duct 12, a centrifugal fan 1, a fan frequency converter 18, a storage bin 8, a screw feeder 7, a venturi feeder 5, a circuit controller 17, a data acquisition instrument 16, a thermocouple 4, a flowmeter 2, a swirling suspension dryer 11 and a collecting box 14, wherein the input end of the cold air duct 9 is connected with the centrifugal fan 1, and the centrifugal fan 1 is provided with the fan frequency converter 18 for controlling output frequency in a matching way;
the output end of the mixing drying air duct 12 is provided with a Venturi feeder 5; the output end of the Venturi feeder 5 is connected with the input end of the screw feeder 7, the other input end of the screw feeder 7 is provided with a feed bin 8, and the output end of the screw feeder 7 is provided with a screw feed frequency converter 10;
the other output end of the Venturi feeder 5 is connected with the input end of the cyclone suspension dryer 11, air flow carries materials to enter the cyclone suspension dryer 11 from the tangential inlet 20, and the cyclone suspension dryer 11 comprises an upper cylinder 23, a lower cone 26, the tangential inlet 20, an air outlet 22, a blanking port 27 and a dryer view mirror 21; the inner wall surface of the cyclone suspension dryer 11 is carved with a diversion trench 25, and the outer wall surface of the cyclone suspension dryer 11 is provided with a sampling and measuring hole 24.
The flue gas pipeline 19 is provided with an inlet regulating valve 3; the flowmeter 2 is arranged on the cold air duct 9, and the thermocouple 4 is arranged on the mixed drying duct 12.
A feeder view mirror 6 is arranged above the Venturi feeder 5, so that the internal condition can be conveniently observed. A collecting box 14 is arranged below the blanking port 27, a filter screen 13 is arranged at the joint of the blanking port 27 and the collecting box 14, and a discharging port 15 is arranged at one side of the collecting box 14. The system is provided with a data acquisition instrument 16 which records the values of the flow meter 2 and thermocouple 4 in real time. An insulating layer 28 is arranged on the inner wall of the cyclone suspension dryer 11.
In the system for suspending and drying biomass in a swirling field by utilizing flue gas, hot flue gas enters from a flue gas pipeline 19, cold air enters from a cold air duct 9 through a centrifugal fan 1, and the flow rates of hot air and cold air can be respectively regulated through a hot air inlet regulating valve 3 and a fan frequency converter 18 so as to control the air temperature in a mixed drying duct 12;
secondly, the air in the mixing and drying air duct 12 carries crushed material particles which are added through the screw feeder 7 and the venturi feeder 5 into the cyclone suspension dryer 11 for drying;
finally, in the cylindrical cone region of the cyclone suspension dryer 11, the gravity force applied to the material particles, the centrifugal force generated by the cyclone motion and the pressure of the wall surface to the particles act on the particles together, and the drag force generated by the airflow to the particles and the friction resistance of the wall surface to the particles jointly cause the motion states of the particles to show different trends. The particles are mainly acted by upward supporting force, show suspension state rotation trend, and can adjust the feeding quantity and the air speed to control the residence time of the material particles in the drying process, so that the material particles enter the collecting box after reaching proper water content.
In this embodiment, the stress analysis of the material in the cyclone suspension dryer 11 is as shown in fig. 4, and the material is subjected to F wall friction, centrifugal force generated by F cyclone motion, drag force generated by Fd airflow on particles, pressure of Fn wall on particles and gravity G;
first, the particles will enter the dryer with the hot air and spiral rapidly to the cone region and begin to move in a suspended lower row. When the feed rate is constant and the velocity of the hot air carrying the material into the dryer increases, the angular velocity of the particles at the cone region of the columnωIncrease the centrifugal force to which the particles are subjectedF=mω 2 rThe material is more close to the wall surface of the dryer, so that the wall surface friction forcefPressure against the particles by the wallF N Increase and make the gravity of the material dropG=ρvgDrag on particles by gas flowF D The dynamic balance is achieved, and the materials are not easy to discharge and can turn around in the cylindrical cone area. Along with the heat exchange and mass transfer of the materials and the hot air in the dryer, the water content of the materials is gradually reduced, the gravity born by the materials is also gradually reduced, and under the condition that the feeding quantity and the wind speed are unchanged, the centrifugal force and the friction force born by the material particles are also reduced along with the reduction of the mass of the particles, so that various external forces born by the particles reach a new balance. Finally, as newly entered material continues to increase at the cone region, the downward force previously experienced by the material gradually increases and eventually is expelled at the dryer blanking port. The residence time of the material in the dryer can thus be controlled by adjusting the feed amount and the hot air velocity.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, in the system for suspending and drying biomass in a swirling-flow field according to the present invention, compared with the embodiment 1, the material is suspended and then discharged in the swirling-flow suspension dryer 11, and the angle of the following cone angle of the structure of the swirling-flow suspension dryer 11 has an effect on the residence time of the material, and the feeding amount and the wind speed have an effect.
In the prior art, the method for controlling the residence time of the pneumatic dryer is that a plurality of baffles are added in the dryer, so that the materials are not smoothly discharged and the residence time is prolonged. In the invention, the particles are suspended and rotate around the center at high speed, which is more beneficial to the drying of the particles in contact with the heat and mass transfer of hot air.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 5-6, the present invention provides a system for suspending and drying biomass in a swirling field using flue gas, in this embodiment,
drying experiments are carried out on wheat straws with the particle size of 1cm and the moisture content of 50% of a wet base by utilizing the phenomenon that dry particles are in suspension and turnover movement at a column cone area of a dryer under the working condition that the temperature of hot air is 60 ℃ and the inlet air speed is 7m/s, and a drying characteristic curve is drawn, as shown in figure 5. Adding a certain mass of material particles, timing the residence time of the material particles in a dryer, stopping air inlet for a certain time, discharging the material from a blanking port, testing the moisture content of the wet base by using a moisture tester, repeating the experiment twice to ensure the repeatability, and finally drawing the moisture content of the wet base of the material particles after drying for different times into a drying characteristic curve graph changing along with time. From fig. 5, it can be seen that the moisture content of the material particles decreases rapidly, and the material particles undergo a preheating stage, a constant-speed drying stage and a deceleration drying stage within a short period of time of 1min, and the drying rate gradually decreases as the drying time increases, and finally the moisture content of the material particles does not change after reaching the equilibrium moisture content, which is caused by the high-speed rotational movement of the particles and the rapid heat and mass transfer of hot air.
FIG. 6 is a graph of drying characteristics for different sized wood chip particles (screened from 3.2,6.3,12.7, 25.4mm mesh sizes, respectively) dried at 3L/min nitrogen flow, gas temperature 100 degrees, material particle initial moisture content wet basis near 34%. As can be seen from the figure, the drying process of the material particles is slower, and the material particles are added up to approximately 20 minutes through the preheating stage and the constant-speed drying stage, and then the material particles are subjected to the deceleration drying stage.
In comparison, the drying time and the drying temperature of the cyclone suspension dryer are greatly reduced, and the required target water content of the material can be achieved in a short time.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The system for suspending and drying biomass in a swirling field by utilizing flue gas comprises a flue gas pipeline (19), a cold air duct (9), a mixed drying duct (12), a centrifugal fan (1), a fan frequency converter (18), a storage bin (8), a screw feeder (7), a venturi feeder (5), a circuit controller (17), a data acquisition instrument (16), a thermocouple (4), a flowmeter (2), a swirling suspension dryer (11) and a collecting box (14), and is characterized in that the flue gas pipeline (19) and the cold air duct (9) are connected with the mixed drying duct (12); the input end of the cold air duct (9) is connected with a centrifugal fan (1), and the centrifugal fan (1) is provided with a fan frequency converter (18) for controlling output frequency in a matching way; the flue gas pipeline (19) is provided with an inlet regulating valve (3); the flowmeter (2) is arranged on the cold air duct (9), and the thermocouple (4) is arranged on the mixed drying duct (12);
the output end of the mixing drying air duct (12) is provided with a Venturi feeder (5); one end of the Venturi feeder (5) is connected with the output end of the screw feeder (7), the other input end of the screw feeder (7) is provided with a stock bin (8), and the output end of the screw feeder (7) is provided with a screw feeding frequency converter (10);
the other output end of the Venturi feeder (5) is connected with the input end of the cyclone suspension dryer (11), the airflow of the mixed drying air duct (12) carries materials of the Venturi feeder (5) to enter the cyclone suspension dryer (11) from the tangential inlet (20), and the cyclone suspension dryer (11) comprises an upper cylinder (23), a lower cone (26), the tangential inlet (20), an air outlet (22), a blanking port (27) and a dryer viewing mirror (21); the inner wall surface of the cyclone suspension dryer (11) is carved with a diversion trench (25), and the outer wall surface of the cyclone suspension dryer (11) is provided with a sampling and measuring hole (24);
hot flue gas enters from a flue gas pipeline (19), cold air enters from a cold air channel through a centrifugal fan (1), and the flow of the hot air and the cold air are respectively regulated through a hot air inlet regulating valve (3) and a fan frequency converter (18) so as to control the air temperature in a mixed drying channel;
the air in the mixing drying air duct (12) carries crushed material particles which are added by the screw feeder (7) and the Venturi feeder (5) into the cyclone suspension dryer (11) for drying; the material presents a suspension state rotation trend in a column cone area of the cyclone suspension dryer (11), the material feeding amount and the air speed are adjusted to control the retention time of material particles in drying, and the material enters a collecting box (14) after reaching a proper water content.
2. A system for suspension drying of biomass in a swirling field using flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that a feeder mirror (6) is mounted above the venturi feeder (5).
3. A system for suspending and drying biomass in a swirling field by utilizing flue gas according to claim 1, wherein a collecting box (14) is arranged below a blanking port (27), a filter screen (13) is arranged at the joint of the blanking port (27) and the collecting box (14), and a discharging port (15) is arranged at one side of the collecting box (14).
4. A system for suspension drying of biomass in a swirling field using flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is provided with a data acquisition instrument (16) for recording the values of the flow meter (2) and thermocouple (4) in real time.
5. A system for suspension drying of biomass in a cyclone field using flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that an insulation layer (28) is provided on the inner wall of the cyclone suspension dryer (11).
CN202210644244.8A 2022-06-08 2022-06-08 System and method for suspending and drying biomass in swirling field by utilizing flue gas Active CN115164514B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4057908A (en) * 1976-05-20 1977-11-15 Grefco, Inc. Method and apparatus for drying damp powder
EP1450122B1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2013-07-24 Japan Tobacco Inc. Air flow dryer for granular material
CN102589268B (en) * 2012-03-26 2014-08-13 文安县天华密度板有限公司 Flue gas waste heat recycling method and flue gas waste heat recycling device of biomass furnace
CN103604285B (en) * 2013-12-02 2016-06-29 中南林业科技大学 A kind of biomass wood flour drying system and biomass wood flour drying means
CN207439108U (en) * 2017-10-25 2018-06-01 武汉凯迪电力工程有限公司 A kind of drying device suitable for different water capacity bulk biomass

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