CN115164091A

CN115164091A - Three-dimensional knitting deep cooling high pressure hydrogen storage tank

Info

Publication number: CN115164091A
Application number: CN202210833805.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁宗立; 林晓斌; 袁宗正
Original assignee: Beijing Haishen Power Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Haishen Power Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-15
Filing date: 2022-07-15
Publication date: 2022-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-15
Also published as: CN115164091B

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional knitting deep cooling high pressure hydrogen storage tank, comprising: the inner bag (including the pressure weaving layer), outer bag, 1-2 layers of vacuum layer, the vacuum pump, annotate the hydrogen valve, pressure control valve, adopt this scheme, the glass fiber melting layer that will weave the cryrogenic high pressure hydrogen storage tank of three-dimensional, three-dimensional weaving layer and outer bag set up for the same glass fiber material of essence, the material layer that has realized the difference keeps the same whole coefficient of thermal expansion, thereby can strictly control breeding and growth of crackle, and three-dimensional weaving layer adopts three-dimensional braided structure rather than simple winding, can guarantee like this that the hydrogen storage tank has high tensile strength and high specific strength, and glass material does not have hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion reaction, guaranteed the structural strength and the life of hydrogen storage tank. By adopting the technical scheme, products applied to different use scenes can be designed, and the three-dimensional knitted deep-cooling high-pressure hydrogen storage tank can be applied to vehicles or aircrafts, road or railway tank cars, large hydrogen storage stations and large ocean transportation.

Description

Three-dimensional knitting deep cooling high pressure hydrogen storage tank

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage equipment, in particular to a three-dimensional weaving deep cooling high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.

Background

In the prior art, the storage cost of liquid hydrogen (or hydrogen slurry) is high, and the cost is not the construction and material cost, because no matter a huge ship-borne sphere liquid hydrogen tank or a vehicle-borne small liquid hydrogen bottle can be manufactured only by aluminum alloy or stainless steel, compared with a large amount of carbon fibers used by a gas hydrogen storage tank, the gas hydrogen storage tank has the absolute manufacturing cost advantage. The additional cost is mostly caused by the volatilization of liquid hydrogen, and a liquid hydrogen tank with an adiabatic rough design can volatilize more than 5% or even 20% per day (some carrier rockets only lose weight because the time consumption is very short and therefore the volatilization design is not needed). Therefore, solving the volatility of liquid hydrogen storage becomes a reasonable concern for the whole liquid hydrogen industry, and if the liquid hydrogen storage is properly designed, the extra cost can be controlled to be lower.

There are a number of tests that have demonstrated that the use of cryogenic high pressure technology can extend the hibernation period of a liquid hydrogen tank to 8 days (and then the volatility factor is also minimal), i.e. a newly filled liquid hydrogen tank can have 8 days 0 to volatilize, which is a valuable figure because a hydrogen station has the opportunity to sell a full tank of liquid hydrogen in 8 days, thereby reducing the extra cost to 0. The same is true of trucks responsible for the branch transportation of liquid hydrogen, which can reach the destination within 8 days, even if transported across the country, and a tank car that transports about 10 times the total amount of liquid hydrogen as the truck transporting the gas hydrogen at the same transportation power and cost, whereby the liquid hydrogen refueling station can reduce the overall cost and retail price to levels far below that of the gas hydrogen refueling station.

However, the existing hydrogen storage tank is difficult to meet the storage requirement of the cryogenic high-pressure liquid hydrogen, and the technical difficulty in solving the cryogenic high-pressure tank is far higher than that of a pure liquid hydrogen tank or a high-pressure gas hydrogen tank because the cryogenic problem of 22-30k, the high-pressure problem of 35-70 mpa and the hydrogen brittleness problem are faced at the same time. The traditional high-pressure hydrogen storage tank or the cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank adopts an aluminum alloy inner container and a carbon fiber woven layer, and the generation of cracks is the ultimate reason for the failure of the hydrogen storage tank. When the traditional hydrogen storage tank is used for storing cryogenic high-pressure liquid hydrogen, the huge stress caused by the high temperature difference multiplied by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of different materials can easily cause the inner container of the tank body to crack, deform and leak liquid, and then the outer container cracks and breaks until the tank body fails.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, which aims to solve the problem that the hydrogen storage tank in the prior art is easy to crack and fail.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, comprising: the inner container is provided with a containing cavity and comprises a glass fiber melting layer, a three-dimensional woven layer and a flexible aerogel layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the three-dimensional woven layer is woven by glass fibers; the outer container wraps the inner container, is made by melting glass fiber powder made of the same material, and is provided with a first vacuum layer between the outer container and the inner container; the supporting structure is connected with the inner wall of the outer container and supports the inner container; the vacuum pump is arranged on the outer container and extends into the first vacuum layer; the hydrogen injection valve is arranged on the outer container, the hydrogen injection valve and the accommodating cavity can be communicated or disconnected, and the hydrogen injection valve is made of stainless invar steel; the pressure control valve is arranged on the outer container, the pressure control valve and the accommodating cavity can be communicated or disconnected, and the pressure control valve is made of stainless invar steel.

Further, the supporting structure comprises a plurality of cylindrical supporting bodies and a plurality of pseudo-conical supporting bodies which are arranged at intervals, wherein the plurality of cylindrical supporting bodies are distributed at the bottom of the inner container, and the radial dimension of each cylindrical supporting body is larger than that of each pseudo-conical supporting body.

Further, the big one end of cylindricality supporter size and the interior wall connection of outer courage, the little one end of cylindricality supporter size is provided with rigid aerogel, the big one end of pseudo-cone shape supporter size and the interior wall connection of outer courage, and the little one end of pseudo-cone shape supporter size is provided with rigid aerogel, and rigid aerogel and flexible aerogel layer butt.

Furthermore, the supporting structure and the outer container are made of the same material and are of an integrated structure.

Further, the glass fiber melting layer is immersed in the pores of the three-dimensional woven layer, and the containing cavity is used for containing liquid hydrogen or hydrogen slurry.

Further, the outer container comprises a plurality of sheet-shaped structures, the sheet-shaped structures are formed through a hot pressing and compacting process, and the peripheries of the plurality of sheet-shaped structures are connected with the glass fiber powder through a laser cladding or high-temperature plasma melting process in a welding mode.

Furthermore, a gap is formed between the vacuum pump and the inner container, one part of the vacuum pump is positioned outside the outer container, and the connection part of the vacuum pump and the outer container is sealed; the three-dimensional weaving copious cooling high-pressure hydrogen storage tank also comprises a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure in the first vacuum layer, and the vacuum pump operates under the condition that the pressure in the first vacuum layer is higher than a set value.

Furthermore, the glass fiber melting layer, the three-dimensional woven layer, the outer container and the supporting structure are made of S glass fibers, E glass fibers or D glass fibers.

Furthermore, the outer surface of the outer container is provided with a wear-resistant layer or an anticorrosive layer or a reflective layer or a moisture-proof layer.

Furthermore, the three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for vehicles or aircrafts, the hydrogen injection valve and the pressure control valve are respectively positioned at two ends of the outer container, and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 0.188-1.178m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional weaving layer is 10-20 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer is 20-30 mm.

Or the three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for road or railway tank cars, the inner container and the outer container are of columnar structures, the hydrogen injection valve and the pressure control valve are positioned at the same end of the outer container, and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 65-300m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer is 30-50 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer is larger than 30mm.

Or a second vacuum layer is arranged between the outer liner and the inner liner, the first vacuum layer and the second vacuum layer are separated by a solid structure made of glass fiber materials, and the vacuum pump extends into the second vacuum layer.

Or the three-dimensional weaving deep cooling high pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for a large hydrogen storage station, the inner container and the outer container are both in a spherical structure, the hydrogen injection valve and the pressure control valve are positioned at the upper end or the lower end of the outer container, and the volume of the containing cavity is 300-5000m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional weaving layer is 50-420 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer and the thickness of the second vacuum layer are both larger than 40mm.

Or, three-dimensional braiding deep-cooling high-pressure hydrogen storageThe tank is used for ocean transportation, the inner container and the outer container are both of spherical structures, the hydrogen injection valve and the pressure control valve are both positioned at the lower end of the outer container, and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 7000-19000m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer is 400-700 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer and the thickness of the second vacuum layer are both larger than 60mm.

The technical scheme of the invention is applied, and provides a three-dimensional weaving deep cooling high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, which comprises: the inner container is provided with a containing cavity and comprises a glass fiber melting layer, a three-dimensional woven layer and a flexible aerogel layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the three-dimensional woven layer is made of glass fibers; the outer liner wraps the inner liner, is made of glass fiber and is provided with a first vacuum layer between the outer liner and the inner liner; the supporting structure is connected with the inner wall of the outer container and supports the inner container; the vacuum pump is arranged on the outer container and extends into the first vacuum layer; the hydrogen injection valve is arranged on the outer container, and the hydrogen injection valve and the accommodating cavity can be communicated or disconnected; and the pressure control valve is arranged on the outer container, and the pressure control valve and the accommodating cavity can be communicated or disconnected. By adopting the scheme, the glass fiber melting layer, the three-dimensional woven layer and the outer liner of the three-dimensional cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank are arranged on the glass fiber material which is substantially the same, the different material layers are kept at the same overall thermal expansion coefficient, so that the breeding and growth of cracks can be strictly controlled, and the three-dimensional woven layer adopts a three-dimensional woven structure instead of simple winding, thereby ensuring that the hydrogen storage tank has high tensile strength and high specific strength, and the glass material has no hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion reaction, and ensuring the structural strength and the service life of the hydrogen storage tank. And, can realize adiabatically through first vacuum layer, bearing structure and vacuum pump, guarantee to hold the low temperature environment of intracavity, annotate the hydrogen valve and be used for to holding the intracavity and pour into hydrogen into, pressure control valve is used for controlling the pressure that holds the intracavity.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank applied to a vehicle or aircraft according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a radial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank applied to a tank car according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the support structure of the bottom of the three-dimensional braided cryogenic high pressure hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank applied to a large-scale hydrogen storage station according to a third embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of FIG. 6;

fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank applied to ocean transportation according to the fourth embodiment of the invention.

Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:

10. an inner container; 11. a glass fiber melt layer; 12. a three-dimensional woven layer; 13. a flexible aerogel layer;

20. an outer liner;

31. a first vacuum layer; 32. a second vacuum layer;

41. a cylindrical support body; 42. a pseudo-conical support; 43. a rigid aerogel;

50. a vacuum pump;

61. a hydrogen injection valve; 62. a pressure control valve; 63. a light reflecting layer.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, including: the inner container 10 is provided with a containing cavity, the inner container 10 comprises a glass fiber melting layer 11, a three-dimensional woven layer 12 and a flexible aerogel layer 13 which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the three-dimensional woven layer 12 is woven by glass fibers; the outer container 20 wraps the inner container 10, the outer container 20 is made by melting glass fiber powder which is the same material, and a first vacuum layer 31 is arranged between the outer container 20 and the inner container 10; a support structure connected with the inner wall of the outer container 20, the support structure supporting the inner container 10; a vacuum pump 50 installed on the outer bladder 20, the vacuum pump 50 extending into the first vacuum layer 31; the hydrogen injection valve 61 is arranged on the outer container 20, and the hydrogen injection valve 61 and the accommodating cavity can be communicated or disconnected; and a pressure control valve 62 mounted on the outer bladder 20, wherein the pressure control valve 62 and the accommodating chamber can be connected or disconnected.

By adopting the scheme, the glass fiber melting layer 11, the three-dimensional woven layer 12 and the outer liner 20 of the three-dimensional woven cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank are made of the same glass fiber material, so that different material layers can keep the same overall thermal expansion coefficient, the breeding and growth of cracks can be strictly controlled, the three-dimensional woven layer 12 adopts a three-dimensional woven structure instead of simple winding, the hydrogen storage tank can be ensured to have high tensile strength and high specific strength, the glass material does not have hydrogen brittleness and corrosion reaction, and the structural strength and the service life of the hydrogen storage tank are ensured. And, can realize adiabatically through first vacuum layer 31, bearing structure and vacuum pump 50, guarantee to hold the low temperature environment in the chamber, annotate hydrogen valve 61 and be used for to holding the intracavity and pour into hydrogen, pressure control valve 62 is used for controlling the pressure that holds the intracavity.

Wherein, the material of the hydrogen injection valve 61 and the pressure control valve 62 is stainless invar steel. The thermal expansion coefficient of the stainless invar steel is highly matched with that of the outer liner 20 and the three-dimensional woven layer 12, so that the propagation and growth of cracks can be further controlled or reduced. The stainless invar steel is specifically a controllable expansion coefficient alloy Fe-Co-Cr which has excellent corrosion resistance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance; the lowest thermal expansion coefficient can be negative (below 100 ℃ thermal expansion inflection point temperature); the thermal expansion coefficient can be adjusted to be completely matched with the glass fiber by finely adjusting the contents of the cobalt iron and the Cr (increasing the Cr preference); stainless invar steel is not high in yield strength but is sufficient as a valve, especially it has an elongation at break of 30-45% and a very strong toughness; while a higher density of stainless invar increases the weight of the hydrogen storage tank a little more, it is far more significant to achieve a metal valve with perfectly matched thermal expansion and high toughness, which represents the overall life of the hydrogen storage tank, a safety factor, and a deep bond across the metal and glass bodies.

In the present embodiment, the supporting structure includes a plurality of cylindrical supporting bodies 41 and a plurality of pseudo-conical supporting bodies 42 arranged at intervals, wherein the plurality of cylindrical supporting bodies 41 are distributed at the bottom of the inner container 10, and the radial dimension of the cylindrical supporting bodies 41 is greater than the radial dimension of the pseudo-conical supporting bodies 42. Therefore, the stability of the support can be ensured, and the heat transfer can be reduced.

Specifically, one end of the cylindrical support body 41 with a large size is connected with the inner wall of the outer container 20, one end of the cylindrical support body 41 with a small size is provided with the rigid aerogel 43, one end of the pseudo-cone support body 42 with a large size is connected with the inner wall of the outer container 20, one end of the pseudo-cone support body 42 with a small size is provided with the rigid aerogel 43, and the rigid aerogel 43 is abutted to the flexible aerogel layer 13. Through the cooperation of rigid aerogel 43 and flexible aerogel layer 13, structural strength can be guaranteed, stress concentration is reduced to can play the effect of buffering damping.

Further, in the present embodiment, the material of the supporting structure is the same as that of the outer bladder 20, and the supporting structure and the outer bladder 20 are integrated, that is, the material of the supporting structure is also glass fiber, so that the supporting structure and the outer bladder 20 maintain the same overall thermal expansion coefficient, and thus the propagation and growth of cracks can be strictly controlled. The support structure and the outer bladder 20 are integrally formed to improve structural strength and facilitate manufacturing.

In this embodiment, the glass fiber melting layer 11 is immersed in the pores of the three-dimensional woven layer 12, so that the sealing performance of the liner 10 can be improved, and leakage can be avoided or reduced. The accommodating cavity is used for accommodating liquid hydrogen or hydrogen slurry. The hydrogen slurry is semi-solution hydrogen, the density of the hydrogen slurry is 16% more than that of the liquid hydrogen, and the volatilization-free period of the hydrogen storage tank can be prolonged by adopting the hydrogen slurry mode.

The outer container 20 comprises a plurality of sheet structures, the sheet structures are formed through a hot pressing and compacting process, and the peripheries of the plurality of sheet structures are connected with the glass fiber powder through a laser cladding or high-temperature plasma melting process in a welding mode. Thus, the consistency of the material and the structure of the outer liner 20 is ensured, and the structural strength and the sealing performance of the outer liner 20 are ensured through hot pressing and compact process molding.

In this embodiment, a gap is formed between the vacuum pump 50 and the inner container 10, so that heat transfer caused by contact between the vacuum pump 50 and the inner container 10 is prevented. A part of the vacuum pump 50 is located outside the outer container 20, and the connection between the vacuum pump 50 and the outer container 20 is hermetically processed. The three-dimensional weaving cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank further comprises a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure in the first vacuum layer 31, the vacuum pump 50 operates under the condition that the pressure in the first vacuum layer 31 is higher than a set value, and therefore the fact that a higher vacuum environment is maintained in the first vacuum layer 31 can be guaranteed, and heat insulation is conducted.

The glass fiber melting layer 11, the three-dimensional woven layer 12, the outer liner 20 and the supporting structure in the embodiments of the scheme are made of S glass fibers, E glass fibers or D glass fibers. The specific type of material selected is determined by the process and cost requirements.

The three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank in the embodiment can be applied to the use environments of vehicles or aircrafts and the like. Specifically, the inner container 10 and the outer container 20 are both columnar structures, the hydrogen injection valve 61 and the pressure control valve 62 are respectively positioned at two ends of the outer container 20, and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 0.188-1.178m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer 12 is 10-20 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer 31 is 20-30 mm. Alternatively, the inner bladder 10 and the outer bladder 20 may be other non-cylindrical structures that may be adjusted according to the aerodynamic profile of the aircraft, and the maximum pressure braid thickness at each non-uniform point of the non-cylindrical structure may be adjusted according to the local maximum liquid pressure radius.

The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank in the embodiment is further described in detail as follows.

The hydrogen carrying property: liquid hydrogen or semi-solution hydrogen (hydrogen slurry);

design temperature: liquid hydrogen 22-30k and hydrogen slurry 13.8k, wherein the hydrogen slurry has small volatilization amount, higher density and hydrogen storage capacity, the days of the volatilization-free period is about 2 times of that of the liquid hydrogen, and the volatilization amount is less than one half of that of the liquid hydrogen after the volatilization-free period is exceeded;

internal volume: 0.188-1.178m ³ ；

Hydrogen loading weight: 15-94kg of liquid hydrogen and 7.4-109kg of hydrogen slurry;

hydrogen weight ratio: liquid hydrogen 0.25, hydrogen slurry 0.28;

designing pressure: 35mpa;

designing the density: liquid hydrogen 75-80kg/m ³ 87-92.8kg/m of hydrogen slurry ³ ；

Designing a hibernation period: liquid hydrogen for 8-15 days, and hydrogen slurry for 15-25 days;

designing the volatilization amount after hibernation: less than 0.1%/day;

designing the shape: a horizontal cylinder;

top/bottom: hemispherical arc transition;

the inner container material: s-melting and pressing glass fiber powder;

pressure knit layer (three-dimensional knit layer): s-glass fiber three-dimensional weaving, S-glass fiber powder melting matrix pressing and aerogel film;

vacuum layer (intermediate layer) thickness: 20-30mm;

intermediate layer thermal insulation coefficient: 0.006 w/m.k;

controlling the vacuum degree of the middle layer: the air pressure is 0.0005pa, and the vacuum degree of the middle layer is controlled for a long time by using a micro vacuum pump;

supporting a vacuum layer: 8 pseudo-conical thermally insulating supports;

braid contact area support material and thermal insulation coefficient: aerogel, the thermal insulation coefficient is 0.017 w/m.k;

support body material and thermal insulation coefficient: s-glass fiber is melted and pressed, and the thermal insulation coefficient is 1.1 w/m.k;

an outer container: and (3) carrying out glass fiber powder liquid welding by adopting an S-glass fiber melting and pressing and laser cladding or high-temperature plasma melting process.

According to the traditional high-pressure hydrogen storage tank or the cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, an aluminum alloy inner container and a carbon fiber woven layer are adopted, the generation of cracks is the ultimate reason for the failure of the hydrogen storage tank, and through research, the crack main body of the cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is not mainly from gas-liquid pressure, because even if the pressure of 70mpa does not generate a large amount of fatigue problems on structural materials, particularly the cryogenic state has a strength enhancing function on any structural materials, and the cryogenic state can probably enhance the tensile strength and the fatigue strength of the structural materials by 25%;

the crack is generated from the product of temperature difference and material thermal expansion coefficient difference, and the thermal expansion stress and deformation stress between a large number of different materials brought by the function of the product, the temperature difference can reach 290K from-250 ℃ of the inner container to 40 ℃ of the outer edge of the outer container, the thermal expansion coefficient can reach 23.6 mu m (40 times) of aluminum alloy from-0.6 mu m of the longitudinal coefficient of the carbon fiber, and the generated huge deformation stress is far higher than the internal pressure of the gas-liquid;

if the highest temperature of the hydrogen storage tank in the manufacturing process is higher than 500 ℃, huge thermal expansion uncoordinated stress can be generated when the hydrogen storage tank is delivered and contacted with normal temperature, the stress generated by huge thermal expansion difference between the aluminum alloy inner container and the carbon fiber woven layer can directly cause the deformation of the inner container and the generation of cracks at the moment that the aluminum alloy inner container is contacted with-250 ℃ of liquid hydrogen, and then the deformation and the cracks can be continued until the hydrogen storage tank fails.

In order to solve the above problems, one or more structural materials are required to have a uniform thermal expansion coefficient, high tensile strength and high specific strength, and no hydrogen embrittlement or corrosion reaction, so as to control cracks effectively and truly. If a plurality of materials are selected, even if the thermal expansion coefficient numbers given by manufacturers are equal, the thermal expansion coefficient of each material at different temperatures is not constant but is completely different in linear growth, namely, the linear growth rate of each material is different and is not uniformly linearly increased at different temperatures.

Many excellent fiber materials have extremely high tensile strength and specific strength, such as carbon fiber, kevlar fiber, PE fiber, PBO fiber, boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and the like; both their stresses and specific strength are sufficient for the compressive work of the braided layer, however none of them can be made as a complete liner and braided layer separately, which exhibit a high degree of differential thermal expansion once mixed with other materials such as resins to form a composite material, and higher differential expansion if a metal liner is added.

One of the fibers has special properties similar to metal, namely the glass fiber can be melted and then molded, and the fiber material is changed into a block material and a matrix material under the condition of not changing the thermal expansion coefficient and the density, which represents that the glass fiber can form a fiber reinforced composite material with the glass fiber, and can also be melted and then hot-pressed into a non-fiber common material with any shape; s-glass fibers have the same thermal expansion coefficient anisotropy as metals, which makes material design considerations in terms of thermal expansion coefficient simpler.

It should be noted that the fused glass fiber block or matrix cannot maintain the same strength as the fiber, and the stress of the fiber body (such as steel wire) of almost all materials is higher than that of the block body; but we only want the consistent coefficient of thermal expansion of the matrix and the adhesion/fit between the materials, and the high tensile strength is still solved by the woven glass fiber. The S-glass fiber can be used after being melted, the melting temperature is 1466 ℃, and the glass fiber can be reshaped when the softening temperature of the glass fiber is about 1000 ℃; while the other fibers above do not, such as carbon fibers have melting points up to 3500 ℃ and sublime directly once melted.

In the scheme, the glass fiber melting layer, the pressure woven layer, the vacuum layer supporting structure and the outer liner of the three-dimensional weaving cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank are all made of S-2 glass fibers or semi-finished raw material powder thereof, and the design is to strictly control the propagation and growth of cracks by keeping the absolute step-by-step integral thermal expansion coefficient.

The main function of the glass fiber melting layer in the inner container is to prevent gas-liquid leakage, so densification is very critical. The fiber is melted in a de-oxidation environment by adopting S-2 glass fiber powder or semi-finished raw material powder thereof and using a melting technology, a laser cladding or an electron beam free forming method, and then cladding forming is carried out, or powder processing thermal forming technology is adopted for direct forming. And (3) densification: the ideal density is more than or equal to 99 percent by adopting a hot isostatic pressing or vacuum hot pressing process.

In order to make the internal pressure and stress more uniform, the radian of the turning part is designed to be 70 degrees; and designing a connecting line between the column branch line and the turning radian to be a smooth curve. The design double valve, 1 is for filling the hydrogen special use, and 1 is for adjusting jar interior atmospheric pressure special use, and the valve is the arc line body in order to reduce pressure and stress concentration.

The braided layer is a main body compression-resistant part, and in order to ensure the long service life of the tank, the lowest tensile yield strength of the braided layer is 4 times of that of liquid pressure; the secondary function of the braided layer is to ensure the gas-liquid leakage again, so that the single fiber is not enough, and the densification treatment of adding a pseudo substrate with a small thickness of an inner layer (similar to an inner coating) is adopted.

The braided layer adopts an orthogonal three-dimensional braiding method, which is a more reasonable and more uniform process compared with a spiral or other braiding methods;

fiber volume ratio of three-dimensional weaving: 0.675 to 0.7 (matrix is 0);

and (3) carrying out pre-pressure weaving on the formed inner container by using S2-glass fibers, wherein the thickness of the formed inner container meets the following formula:

((3-4) × can internal pressure (mpa) × R (bladder radius)) ÷ 2= σ (fiber tensile strength) × weave total thickness, so a 35mpa can with a bladder internal diameter of 1 meter, weave total thickness of about 16mm.

The woven body is prepared by adopting a 3DOW process of a three-dimensional orthogonal wrinkle-free fabric: bulk density: 67.5 to 75 percent; weaving parameters are as follows: 24K for X yarn and 12 Kx 2 for Y yarn layer; the Z yarn adopts 0.1K;

controlling the weaving stress parameters: because a matrix is not used, except that the Z yarn is selected to be the minimum diameter, weaving parameters such as the tension of fiber bundles and the extrusion force among the fiber bundles are controlled during weaving to control the porosity, and the porosity is adjusted to be the minimum porosity, wherein the control range of the porosity is not higher than 32.5 percent, and 25 percent is optimal; increasing the braiding pressure appropriately also produces residual stresses that toughen the braid.

The pseudo-matrix material is S-2 glass fiber crushed powder or semi-finished product raw material powder thereof, or S-2 glass fiber finished product powdery raw material. The process adopts an injection method (optional), and a glass matrix with softening temperature is injected into pores of a thin layer in a woven body; or (and) coating the fiber layer by adopting a plasma spraying method in an oxygen-free environment, grasping the spraying distance and temperature, and cooling the fiber powder which is melted by plasma in a spraying path by utilizing the spraying distance, wherein the temperature of the contact surface of the fiber is the softening or melting bonding point of the outermost layer of fiber but not the lower woven layer. Densification: the pores of the coating (pseudo matrix) are flattened and compacted by using a vacuum hot pressing method, the hot pressing temperature is higher than the softening point of the fiber, and the ideal compactness is higher than 99%.

The aerogel coating adopts flexible SY600 aerogel coating or film to carry out complete parcel to the weaving layer inlayer, further reduces the heat conductivity to link up the rigidity SY600 aerogel coating of supporter point portion. Wherein the parameters of the flexible and rigid aerogel coatings are compared as follows:

the material and the process of the outer liner refer to the inner liner; but the outer container is not formed in one step but divided into two parts which are respectively formed in a hot pressing mode and a compact mode, then the two parts are butted after the heat insulation layer is assembled, welding and polishing are carried out by using a laser cladding or high-temperature plasma melting process and glass fiber powder, and finally internal vacuum is finished through a pore passage of a vacuum pump.

Insulation layer and insulating ability: the support structure of the heat insulating layer, namely 6 false cones with the tip parts made of rigid SY600 aerogel materials, 2 columns and the outer liner are designed integrally.

Because the thermal conductivity of the inner container and the woven layer S-glass fiber is 1.1-1.4 w/m.k, which is far lower than that of aluminum alloy and stainless steel and is about 5 percent of that of the aluminum alloy and the stainless steel, the heat transfer quantity is reduced by 95 percent when the heat reaches the heat insulation layer, and the thermal insulation effect of the vacuum degree of 0.0005pa (which is 50 percent of that of a common vehicle-mounted bottle) and the higher capability of the aerogel at the tip part of the supporting body is added, and the final volatilization rate of the liquid hydrogen is only about 2 percent of that of the traditional liquid hydrogen tank.

The micro vacuum pump is located on the inner wall of the outer container, the outer part of the micro vacuum pump extends out of the tank body to be sealed with the outer container, the micro vacuum pump cannot contact the woven layer to avoid heat transfer, the vacuum pump is electrically started after being sealed when the host machine quickly sucks air in the tank, the air pressure of the tank is kept to be 0.0005pa, and the micro vacuum pump is identified by the air pressure sensor and only works when the air pressure is higher than 0.0005 pa.

As shown in fig. 4 and 5, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, which is different from the first embodiment in that the inner container 10 and the outer container 20 are both of a cylindrical structure, the hydrogen injection valve 61 and the pressure control valve 62 are both located at the same end of the outer container 20, and the volume of the accommodating chamber is 65-300m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer 12 is 30-50 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer 31 is larger than 30mm. The hydrogen storage tank is suitable for road or railway tank car transportation environment.

In different embodiments of the present embodiment, the outer surface of the outer container 20 is provided with a wear-resistant layer, an anti-corrosion layer, a reflective layer 63 or a moisture-proof layer, which can be specifically set according to the use requirement.

The three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is specifically explained as follows.

The hydrogen carrying property: liquid hydrogen or gas-liquid phase critical body after high-purity liquefaction;

design temperature: about 30k;

internal volume: 65-300m ³ ；

Hydrogen loading weight: 5200-24000kg;

hydrogen weight ratio: greater than 0.3;

outer diameter: 2.44m;

designing pressure: 35mpa;

design of liquid hydrogen or critical bulk density: 80kg/m ³ ；

Designing a hibernation period: 8 days;

designing the volatilization amount after hibernation: less than 0.05%/day;

designing the shape: the cylinder body is horizontally placed on one side, and can be vertically placed on one side;

top/bottom camber: 70;

the inner container material: e-glass fiber melt pressing;

pressure braiding layer: e-glass fiber three-dimensional weaving, E-glass fiber melting matrix pressing and aerogel film;

thickness of the vacuum layer: greater than 30mm;

intermediate layer thermal insulation coefficient: 0.006 w/m.k;

supporting a vacuum layer: radial cross section 9 is multilayer in height direction + top 20 pseudo-cone-shaped heat insulation support bodies +1 petal-shaped vertical base;

support body material and thermal insulation coefficient: e-glass fiber is melted and pressed, and the adiabatic coefficient is 1.1-1.4 w/m.k;

an outer liner: e-glass fiber melting and pressing and laser cladding or high-temperature plasma melting process glass fiber powder liquid welding;

outer protective layer for transportation: the outer container is subjected to ultra-high temperature remelting, surface modification or rubber coating addition.

Design of the supporting structure: radial: the three-way has a plurality of layers of 3 pseudo cones with aerogel materials at the tips, the pseudo cones and the outer liner are integrally designed, the axial distance is 0.15m, and the bottom of the pseudo cones is supported by 5 obtuse angles with the heads designed for the aerogel materials; the axial spacing is 0.1m. Axial direction: the top part is integrally designed by 20 evenly distributed tip parts as pseudo cones of aerogel materials and an outer container; the bottom is designed by integrating a bearing tray with a petal-shaped head part made of aerogel materials and an outer container.

Completely wrapping the outside of the braided layer by using a flexible SY600 aerogel coating or a thin film, further reducing the heat conductivity, and connecting the rigid SY600 aerogel coating at the tip of the support body; the thermal conductivity of the inner liner and the woven layer E-glass fiber is far lower than that of aluminum alloy and stainless steel, and is about 5 percent of that of the aluminum alloy and the stainless steel, so that the heat transfer quantity is reduced by 95 percent when the heat transfer reaches the heat insulation layer, and the final volatilization rate is only about 2 percent of that of the traditional liquid hydrogen tank by the heat insulation effect of the higher capacity of the aerogel and the vacuum degree of 0.0005pa (which is 50 percent of that of the common tank car).

The knitting layer adopts a three-dimensional knitting method, pre-pressure knitting is carried out on the formed inner container by E-glass fiber, and the thickness of the knitting layer is as follows:

((3 to 4) × internal pressure of can (mpa) × R (radius of the bladder)) ÷ 2= σ (tensile strength of fiber) × total woven thickness, t =4 × 35 × 1.1775 ÷ 2 ÷ (5310 × 0.35) =44mm.

Transporting an outer protective layer: because the working environment of the tank car is mobile, people may feel that a stainless steel or aluminum alloy protective layer is added outside the outer container, which needs to be prohibited, because the thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum alloy and the stainless steel is far higher than that of the E-glass fiber, and the destructive power of the metal outer protective layer on the tank body is far higher than the protective power; because polymers and other material matrixes are not added, the E-glass fiber is insensitive to ultraviolet rays and is not easy to degrade, the fatigue resistance is higher than that of carbon fiber, the chemical corrosion resistance is good, and the moisture resistance is excellent; the only thing to be noticed is that the E-glass fiber has low elasticity and poor abrasion resistance, and needs high-temperature reforming, surface modification treatment and addition of abrasion-resistant coating.

When the outer container is prepared by the process, the problem of ensuring that the fibers are not melted is not required to be considered, the melting temperature can be increased to 1713 ℃, quartz in the glass is melted at the moment, si-O bonds are broken, cation groups are rearranged, and the elasticity can be increased by 14-19 times.

Surface modification: for example, after being treated by 0.2 percent cationic active water solution, the wear resistance can be improved by 200 times.

Elastic coating: the elasticity can be improved by several times to dozens of times by adding an organic coating such as rubber; the using method can be considered according to the cost, the coating is adopted at low cost, and the high cost can be used by superposing the three.

A light reflecting heat film: the silver or white reflective heat film can further isolate outdoor irradiation heat energy transfer.

The tank car can be transported by using railways and trucks, so that the tank car has transportation maneuverability, can be directly disassembled after reaching a hydrogenation station and is left in the hydrogenation station until retail sale is finished, and can recycle an empty tank.

The other non-mentioned parts are identical to the vehicle tank design in the first embodiment.

As shown in fig. 6 to 8, in the third and fourth embodiments of the present invention, a three-dimensional woven cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is provided, which is different from the above embodiments in that a second vacuum layer 32 is further provided between the outer liner 20 and the inner liner 10, the first vacuum layer 31 and the second vacuum layer 32 are separated by a solid structure made of glass fiber, and a vacuum pump 50 extends into the second vacuum layer 32. Set up two-layer vacuum layer like this, can further improve sealed effect, improve the exempting from of hydrogen storage tank and reveal the period, be fit for the service environment of long-time hydrogen storage.

Specifically, in the third embodiment, the inner container 10 and the outer container 20 are both spherical structures, the hydrogen injection valve 61 and the pressure control valve 62 are located at the upper end (underground storage) or the lower end (ground storage) of the outer container 20, and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 300-5000m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer 12 is 50-420 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer 31 and the thickness of the second vacuum layer 32 are both larger than 40mm. The hydrogen storage tank is suitable for the use environment of a large hydrogen storage station.

The hydrogen storage tank is specifically described below.

The hydrogen carrying property: liquid hydrogen or gas-liquid phase critical liquid after high-purity liquefaction;

design temperature: about 30k;

internal volume: 300-5000m ³ ；

Hydrogen loading weight: 24-400 tons;

hydrogen weight ratio: 0.2;

designing pressure: 35mpa;

design of liquid hydrogen or critical bulk density: 80kg/m ³ ；

Designing a hibernation period: more than 8 days;

designing the volatilization amount after the hibernation period: 0.006-0.03%/day;

designing the shape: sphere, single placement direction;

the inner container material: e-glass fiber melting and pressing module and glass fiber powder liquid welding by plasma melting technology;

a vacuum layer: double layers, each layer being greater than 40mm thick;

intermediate layer thermal insulation coefficient: 0.006 w/m.k;

controlling the vacuum degree of the middle layer: the air pressure is 0.0005pa, and the vacuum degree of the middle layer is controlled for a long time by using a vacuum pump;

supporting a vacuum layer: the double-layer outer container is integrally designed, the bottom of the double-layer outer container is supported by a thick column, and the highest supporting pressure is 350mpa;

braid contact area support material and thermal insulation coefficient: aerogel, thermal insulation coefficient 0.012 w/m.k;

support body material and thermal insulation coefficient: e-glass fiber is melted and pressed, and the adiabatic coefficient is 1.1 w/m.k;

an outer container: e-glass fiber melting and pressing module and glass fiber powder liquid welding by plasma melting technology;

elastic treatment: the outer container is remelted at ultra-high temperature.

In consideration of cost, the material of the deep-cooling high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of the large-scale hydrogen storage station selects common E-glass fiber or cheaper D-glass fiber.

The large spherical tank needs to be manufactured on site, and the material is a module sheet finished product processed by a machine room; welding on site: glass fiber powder liquid welding by a high-temperature plasma melting technology.

The braided layer is three-dimensionally braided. Adopt flexible SY600 aerogel coating or film to carry out whole parcel to the weaving layer outside, further reduce the heat conductivity to link up the rigidity SY600 aerogel coating of supporter point portion.

The thickness of the braided body is as follows: pre-pressure weaving the formed inner container with E-glass fiber, 5000m ³ The thickness of the braided layer of the volumetric spherical tank is about 411mm.

The pseudo base material adopts E-glass fiber powder or finished product raw material powder thereof, the process adopts a plasma spraying method to coat and cover the inner layer of the fiber body, the spraying distance and temperature are mastered, the spraying distance is utilized to carry out spraying path cooling on the fiber powder which is melted by plasma, and the temperature of the contact surface of the fiber is the softening or melting binding point of the outermost layer of fiber but is not melted to the lower weaving layer.

And (3) densification: and a local hot pressing and accumulating method is adopted, and a hot inert gas pressure layer is established locally for carrying out gas hot pressing.

The outer container adopts a double-vacuum-layer outer container, and the material and the process of the outer container refer to the inner container.

The top and the spherical dimension of the supporting structure of the heat insulating layer are integrally designed with the outer liner by adopting a double-layer pseudo cone with a 0.3m distance between the top and the spherical dimension and the tip part being aerogel material; the bottom is supported by a double-layer thick column body, and the highest supporting pressure is 350mpa and 5000m ³ The total contact area of the columns of the volume tank is not less than 0.056m ² 。

The miniature vacuum pump is located outside outer courage top, and the layer of breathing in is visited into the outer courage of two vacuum layers and is carried out sealing process, and it must not contact the weaving layer in order to avoid the heat transfer, and the vacuum pump inserts the electricity and starts after encloseing again when the host computer sucks jar interior air soon, and its effect keeps the atmospheric pressure of jar interior 0.0005pa, through atmospheric pressure sensor discernment, and it only works when atmospheric pressure is higher than 0.0005 pa.

External protection design: ultra high temperature melt + reflective heat film.

Elasticity: when the outer container is prepared by the process, the melting temperature is increased to 1713 ℃, quartz in the glass is also melted, si-O bonds are broken, and cation groups are rearranged, so that the elasticity can be increased by 14-19 times; a light reflecting heat film: the silver or white reflective thermal film may further isolate outdoor irradiation heat energy transfer.

Placing underground: in order to prevent the large sphere hydrogen storage tank from becoming a target for striking, the tank body should preferably be placed underground, and in this case, an isolation film for preventing soil chemical corrosion and moisture should be arranged.

And (3) volatilization treatment: the traditional method is combustion treatment, the volatilization amount of a large sphere can exceed 48kg of liquid hydrogen every day, the power generation system can meet the requirement of a medium-small fuel cell power generation system, the energy consumption of power generation by utilizing volatilized hydrogen in a supply storage station and the power consumption of a vacuum pump are optimal configuration, and the energy forms a closed loop, namely, the problem of ensuring hydrogen filling and the power supply with the lowest working amplitude in the station when the power grid is in crisis is solved.

In the fourth embodiment, the inner container 10 and the outer container 20 are both spherical structures, the hydrogen injection valve 61 and the pressure control valve 62 are both positioned at the lower end of the outer container 20, and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 7000-19000m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer 12 is 400-700 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer 31 and the thickness of the second vacuum layer 32 are both larger than 60mm. The hydrogen storage tank is suitable for marine transportation and use environments.

The hydrogen storage tank will be specifically described below.

design temperature: about 30k;

internal volume: 7000-19000m ³ ；

Hydrogen loading weight: 560-1520 tons;

hydrogen weight ratio: 0.26 to 0.28;

designing pressure: 35mpa;

design of liquid hydrogen or critical bulk density: 80kg/m ³ ；

Designing a hibernation period: more than 8 days;

designing the volatilization amount after hibernation: 0.002-0.005%/day;

designing the shape: spherical, single placement direction;

a vacuum layer: double-layer heat insulation, wherein the thickness of each layer is more than 60mm;

intermediate layer thermal insulation coefficient: 0.006 w/m.k;

braid contact area support material and thermal insulation coefficient: aerogel, the thermal insulation coefficient is 0.012 w/m.k;

elastic treatment: the outer container is remelted at ultra-high temperature.

The spherical sea transport cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is made of common E-glass fiber or cheaper D-glass fiber.

The thickness of the braid: pre-pressure weaving the formed inner container with E-glass fiber, 19000m ³ The thickness of the braided layer of the volume spherical tank is about 653mm.

The pseudo base material is E-glass fiber powder or its product material powder, the inner layer of the fiber layer is coated with plasma spraying method, the spraying distance and temperature are controlled, the plasma melted fiber powder is sprayed for cooling, and the fiber contacting surface temperature is the softening or melting binding point of the outermost layer but not the lower woven layer.

Densification: and a local hot pressing and accumulating method is adopted, and a hot inert gas pressure layer is established locally for carrying out gas hot pressing.

The top and the spherical dimension of the supporting structure of the heat insulating layer are designed integrally with the outer liner by adopting a double-layer pseudo cone with a 0.4m distance between the top and the spherical dimension and the tip part being made of aerogel materials; the bottom is supported by a bed layer coarse column body, the highest supporting pressure is 350mpa,19000m ³ The total contact area of the cylinder of the volume tank should be not less than 0.07m ² 。

The vacuum pump is located outside outer courage top, and the layer of breathing in stretches into double-deck outer courage and carries out sealing process, and it can not contact the weaving layer in order to avoid the heat transfer, and the vacuum pump inserts the electricity and starts after encloseing when the host computer is fast to absorb jar interior air again, and its effect is the atmospheric pressure that keeps jar interior 0.0005pa, through the identification of atmospheric pressure sensor, and it only works when atmospheric pressure is higher than 0.0005 pa.

External protection design: ultra-high temperature melting and reflective heat film; elasticity: when the outer container is prepared by the process, the melting temperature is increased to 1713 ℃, quartz in the glass is also melted, si-O bonds are broken, and cation groups are rearranged, so that the elasticity can be increased by 14-19 times; a light reflecting heat film: outdoor irradiation heat energy transfer can be further isolated by silver or white film reflection.

And (3) volatilization treatment: the traditional method is combustion treatment; the volatilization amount of the marine large-scale sphere storage tank can exceed 70kg of liquid hydrogen every day, can meet the requirement of a small and medium-sized fuel cell power generation system, and can further save the transportation cost through volatilization power generation.

By adopting the scheme, the cost of S-glass fiber and E-glass fiber raw materials is higher than that of aluminum alloy or stainless steel at the beginning; however, with the industrial upgrading, the scale effect of mass production of the glass fiber is reflected, and the final price of the glass fiber is probably close to that of high-quality aluminum alloy;

because of unified thermal expansion design control, the three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is nearly free of cracks, the service life of the three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is ten times longer than that of a common hydrogen storage tank, and the final cost of the three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is far lower than that of a traditional liquid hydrogen tank and a traditional high-pressure gas hydrogen tank in consideration of the cost of the whole life cycle and the safety cost;

the hydrogen weight ratio (hydrogen storage capacity) of the three-dimensional weaving cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is 20-30 percent, which is 4-6 times of that of a carbon fiber high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, particularly the price of the carbon fiber is higher than that of glass fiber, and the final real cost of the three-dimensional weaving cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is about 15 percent of that of the carbon fiber hydrogen storage tank;

considering the saving of volatilization, the final real cost of the three-dimensional woven cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is about 25 percent of that of a stainless steel liquid hydrogen tank, and the real cost cannot be saved because the heat conductivity of metal is more than 20 times of that of glass fiber, and the heat loss and the volatilization function of the latter are 5 percent of those of the former no matter which same technology is used.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional braiding cryrogenic high pressure hydrogen storage tank, characterized by includes:

the glass fiber woven fabric comprises a liner (10), wherein the liner (10) is provided with an accommodating cavity, the liner (10) comprises a glass fiber melting layer (11), a three-dimensional woven layer (12) and a flexible aerogel layer (13) which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the three-dimensional woven layer (12) is woven by glass fibers;

the outer container (20) wraps the inner container (10), the outer container (20) is made of glass fiber powder which is the same as the material in a melting mode, and a first vacuum layer (31) is arranged between the outer container (20) and the inner container (10);

a support structure connected to an inner wall of the outer bladder (20), the support structure supporting the inner bladder (10);

the vacuum pump (50) is arranged on the outer container (20), and the vacuum pump (50) extends into the first vacuum layer (31);

the hydrogen injection valve (61) is arranged on the outer container (20), the hydrogen injection valve (61) and the accommodating cavity can be communicated or disconnected, and the hydrogen injection valve (61) is made of stainless invar steel;

the pressure control valve (62) is installed on the outer container (20), the pressure control valve (62) and the containing cavity can be communicated or disconnected, and the material of the pressure control valve (62) is stainless invar steel.

2. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the support structure comprises a plurality of cylindrical support bodies (41) and a plurality of pseudo-conical support bodies (42) which are arranged at intervals, wherein the plurality of cylindrical support bodies (41) are distributed at the bottom of the inner container (10), and the radial dimension of each cylindrical support body (41) is larger than that of each pseudo-conical support body (42).

3. The cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of claim 2, wherein one end of the cylindrical support body (41) with large size is connected with the inner wall of the outer container (20), one end of the cylindrical support body (41) with small size is provided with a rigid aerogel (43), one end of the pseudo-cone support body (42) with large size is connected with the inner wall of the outer container (20), one end of the pseudo-cone support body (42) with small size is provided with the rigid aerogel (43), and the rigid aerogel (43) is connected with the flexible aerogel layer (13) in an abutting mode.

4. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the supporting structure and the outer container (20) are made of the same material, and the supporting structure and the outer container (20) are of an integral structure.

5. The three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the glass fiber melt layer (11) is immersed in pores of the three-dimensional braided layer (12), and the containing cavity is used for containing liquid hydrogen or hydrogen slurry.

6. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the outer container (20) comprises a plurality of sheet structures, the sheet structures are formed through a hot pressing and compacting process, and the peripheries of the plurality of sheet structures are connected through a laser cladding or high-temperature plasma melting process and glass fiber powder welding.

7. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein a gap is formed between the vacuum pump (50) and the inner container (10), a part of the vacuum pump (50) is located outside the outer container (20), and the joint of the vacuum pump (50) and the outer container (20) is sealed; three-dimensional cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of weaving still includes pressure sensor, pressure sensor is used for detecting pressure in first vacuum layer (31), pressure in first vacuum layer (31) is higher than under the condition of setting value vacuum pump (50) operation.

8. The three-dimensional braided cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein the material of the glass fiber melting layer (11), the three-dimensional braided layer (12), the outer liner (20) and the supporting structure is S glass fiber, E glass fiber or D glass fiber.

9. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 1, wherein an abrasion-resistant layer or an anti-corrosion layer or a reflective layer (63) or a moisture-proof layer is arranged on the outer surface of the outer container (20).

10. The cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of claim 1, wherein the cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for vehicles or aircrafts, the hydrogen injection valve (61) and the pressure control valve (62) are respectively located at two ends of the outer bladder (20), and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 0.188-1.178m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer (12) is 10-20 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer (31) is 20-30 mm.

11. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank for the road or railway tank car according to claim 1, wherein the inner container (10) and the outer container (20) are both of a columnar structure, the hydrogen injection valve (61) and the pressure control valve (62) are both positioned at the same end of the outer container (20), and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 65-300m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer (12) is 30-50 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer (31) is larger than 30mm.

12. The cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank with three-dimensional weaving as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a second vacuum layer (32) is further arranged between the outer container (20) and the inner container (10), the first vacuum layer (31) and the second vacuum layer (32) are separated by a solid structure made of glass fiber, and the vacuum pump (50) extends into the second vacuum layer (32).

13. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 12, wherein the three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for a large hydrogen storage station, the inner container (10) and the outer container (20) are both of a spherical structure, the hydrogen injection valve (61) and the pressure control valve (62) are positioned at the upper end or the lower end of the outer container (20), and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 300-5000m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer (12) is 50-420 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer (31) and the thickness of the second vacuum layer (32) are both larger than 40mm.

14. The three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank according to claim 12, wherein the three-dimensional knitted cryogenic high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is used for ocean transportation, the inner container (10) and the outer container (20) are both of spherical structures, the hydrogen injection valve (61) and the pressure control valve (62) are both positioned at the lower end of the outer container (20), and the volume of the accommodating cavity is 7000-19000m ³ The thickness of the three-dimensional woven layer (12) is 400-700 mm, and the thickness of the first vacuum layer (31) and the thickness of the second vacuum layer (32) are both larger than 60mm.