CN114953645A

CN114953645A - Three-dimensional weaving vehicle-mounted gas hydrogen bottle

Info

Publication number: CN114953645A
Application number: CN202210530939.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 袁宗立
Original assignee: Beijing Haishen Power Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Haishen Power Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-16
Filing date: 2022-05-16
Publication date: 2022-08-30

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle which comprises an inner container, a pressure woven layer and an outer container which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner container and the outer container are made of toughened glass, the pressure woven layer is of a three-dimensional woven structure, and the pressure woven layer is made of S glass fibers. By adopting the scheme, the inner container, the pressure woven layer and the outer container of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle are made of the same glass materials, glass can be softened and then rapidly cooled and toughened to be formed, and the fiber materials are changed into the composite materials under the condition that the thermal expansion coefficient and the density are not changed, so that the S glass fibers and the low-expansion toughened glass with the thermal expansion coefficient consistent with the self thermal expansion coefficient form the fiber reinforced composite material. Therefore, the scheme realizes that different material layers keep the same overall thermal expansion coefficient, so that the propagation and growth of cracks can be strictly controlled, and the three-dimensional woven structure has high tensile strength and high specific strength, thereby ensuring the structural strength and the service life.

Description

Three-dimensional weaving vehicle-mounted gas hydrogen bottle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of a gas-hydrogen fuel passenger car, in particular to a three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle.

Background

In large-area production periods, gas hydrogen storage is not as economical as liquid hydrogen (except large-scale hydrogen storage of geological structures) in vehicle-mounted, transportation or energy storage fields. However, for regulatory and safety reasons, the gas hydrogen mode is the only hydrogen storage method which can enter the field of passenger vehicles at present, because the liquid hydrogen passenger vehicles cannot enter basements and closed structures (low-temperature fuel volatilization problem) at present, and other vehicles with new energy resources of medium or larger size can be solved through liquid hydrogen, including heavy trucks, buses, ships, airplanes and the like.

The existing gas hydrogen bottle has many defects in the aspects of service life, crack growth resistance, safety, energy-weight ratio and the like. Wherein the cracks and deformations arise from the product of the temperature difference and the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material, and the thermal expansion stresses and deformation stresses between a large number of different materials as a function of the product.

Most of the traditional hydrogen gas bottles are designed by different materials, such as a design of winding a carbon fiber layer on an inner container made of aluminum alloy or high-density polyethylene. If a plurality of materials are selected, even if the thermal expansion coefficient numbers given by manufacturers are equal, the thermal expansion coefficient of each material at different temperatures is not constant but is completely different in linear growth, namely, the linear growth rate of each material is different and is not uniformly linearly increased at different temperatures. The temperature difference of the gas hydrogen bottle from the factory heat treatment to the winter use temperature can span nearly 200K, and the thermal expansion coefficient can be from-1.6 mu m of the linear expansion coefficient of carbon fiber to 23.6 mu m (dozens of times) of aluminum alloy and then to 110 mu m and 130 mu m (hundreds of times) of high-density polyethylene, so that the generated huge deformation stress is even higher than the internal pressure of gas and causes cracks and severe deformation of the liner and the substrate in the gas hydrogen bottle, and then the deformation and the cracks accompanied with gas leakage can continue until the gas hydrogen bottle fails. Therefore, the existing hydrogen gas bottle has poor crack growth resistance in use, and the use safety and the service life are influenced.

In addition, the carbon fiber used in the hydrogen gas bottle in a large amount and the inherent high cost of the fuel cell also cause great cost pressure, and when the price of the electric automobile is compared, the terminal customer is forbidden to the hydrogen fuel passenger car, so that the sale quantity is not good. The structural design of the fuel system of the gas-hydrogen passenger car (more factors are cost) and the energy-to-weight ratio of the gas-hydrogen bottle are also big problems, the endurance mileage of the current highest non-performance gas-hydrogen car is about 650 kilometers, however, the endurance can be easily realized by the performance car, and the power and the price are more advantageous, which is not matched with the energy density ratio of hydrogen and the battery (the former is dozens of times of the latter). Generally, the maximum cruising of a hydrogen passenger car can be at least 3-4 times that of an electric car at the same price, although most customers usually do not need too high cruising, in a new energy society with frequent congestion and queuing for charging for more than ten hours in holidays, people can consider comprehensive capacity instead of city riding alone when purchasing the car, so that the quick charging and the high cruising are still important factors for making a success in the battle, and the existing gas-hydrogen passenger car only solves the former and still cannot do the latter; for the latter, under the condition that liquid hydrogen cannot be popularized (the energy density of the liquid hydrogen is twice that of high-pressure gas hydrogen of 70 mpa), solving the endurance problem of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas hydrogen bottle of the passenger vehicle is still one of the keys.

Therefore, the research and development of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle of the novel passenger vehicle have profound social significance, and is a key point for hydrogen energy to enter thousands of households.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle, which is used for improving the performance of the gas-hydrogen bottle and promoting the popularization of a gas-hydrogen fuel passenger vehicle.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle which comprises an inner container, a pressure woven layer and an outer container which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner container and the outer container are made of toughened glass, the pressure woven layer is of a three-dimensional woven structure, and the pressure woven layer is made of S glass fibers.

Further, the pressure weaving layer is three-dimensional quadrature and does not have fold and weave the structure, and the pressure weaving layer includes a plurality of circumference braided wire, a plurality of axial braided wire and a plurality of radial braided wire, and the diameter of radial braided wire is less than the diameter of circumference braided wire, axial braided wire.

Further, at least one part of the inner container penetrates into the pores on the inner side of the pressure woven layer, at least one part of the outer container penetrates into the pores on the inner side of the pressure woven layer, the part of the pressure woven layer which is not penetrated by the inner container and the outer container is the middle layer, the thickness of the middle layer accounts for 50% -80% of the thickness of the pressure woven layer, the porosity of the middle layer is 20% -40%, and the curvature radius of the arc-shaped position of the pressure woven layer is not smaller than 40 mm.

Further, residual compressive stress is applied to the inner container in the preparation process, the value of the applied residual compressive stress is 90-140mpa, the thickness of the inner container is 10% -25% of that of the pressure woven layer, and the compactness of the inner container is larger than 98%.

Further, the liner is formed by heating toughened glass to the softening temperature of 680-720 ℃, and performing one-step pressure forming on the inner side of the unsealed pressure woven layer soaked in the refrigerant by using a rapid pressure permeation method.

Further, residual compressive stress is applied to the outer container in the preparation process, the value of the applied residual compressive stress is 90-140mpa, the thickness of the outer container is 10% -25% of that of the pressure woven layer, and the compactness of the outer container is larger than 98%.

Further, the outer liner is formed by heating toughened glass to the softening temperature of 680-720 ℃, and performing one-step pressure forming on the outer side of the sealed pressure woven layer soaked in the refrigerant by using a rapid pressure infiltration method.

Furthermore, the gas hydrogen bottle also comprises an inner pressure casting steel film and an outer pressure casting steel film, the inner pressure casting steel film is arranged on the inner wall of the inner container, the outer pressure casting steel film is arranged on the outer wall of the outer container, the inner pressure casting steel film and the outer pressure casting steel film are both made of toughened glass, and the thickness of the inner pressure casting steel film and the thickness of the outer pressure casting steel film are 0.05-0.15 mm.

Further, on-vehicle gas hydrogen bottle is woven to three-dimensional still includes valve structure, and valve structure includes valve seat, valve core and valve toughened glass layer, and the valve core sets up in the valve seat, and valve toughened glass layer sets up on the valve seat, and the material of valve seat and valve core is nonrust invar steel, and valve toughened glass layer and inner bag butt fusion, valve seat are surrounded by the pressure weaving layer.

Further, the valve seat and the valve core are formed by adopting a sandwich structure one-time die press forging, the residual press stress of the press forging is not lower than 20mpa, the surfaces of the valve seat and the valve core are treated by laser shot blasting or rolling, annular coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the valve seat and the valve core, and the weight of the valve structure is not more than 5% of the total weight of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder.

Further, the internal pressure of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle is 70-140mpa, and the thickness of the pressure woven layer is 4-20 mm;

the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is cylindrical, the inner diameter of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is not less than 80mm, and the inner length of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is 500-2800 mm; or the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is in a flat cylinder shape, the inner width of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is 1200-1800 mm, the inner length of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is 1000-2800 mm, and the inner thickness of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is not less than 80 mm.

The technical scheme of the invention is applied to provide the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle, the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle comprises an inner container, a pressure woven layer and an outer container which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the inner container and the outer container are made of toughened glass, the pressure woven layer is of a three-dimensional woven structure, and the pressure woven layer is made of S glass fibers. By adopting the scheme, the inner container, the pressure woven layer and the outer container of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle are made of the same glass materials, glass can be softened and then rapidly cooled and toughened to be formed, and the fiber materials are changed into the composite materials under the condition that the thermal expansion coefficient and the density are not changed, so that the S glass fibers and the low-expansion toughened glass with the thermal expansion coefficient consistent with the self thermal expansion coefficient form the fiber reinforced composite material. Therefore, the scheme realizes that different material layers keep the same overall thermal expansion coefficient, so that the propagation and growth of cracks can be strictly controlled, and the middle part of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle adopts a three-dimensional woven structure instead of simple winding, so that the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle has high tensile strength and high specific strength, and the glass material has no hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion reaction, thereby ensuring the structural strength and the service life of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas cylinder provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a side cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional woven vehicle hydrogen tank of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the braiding of the pressure braid of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of preparing the bladder within the pressure braided layer of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the valve structure in the three-dimensional woven on-board gas-hydrogen bottle of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of braiding the pressure braid over the valve structure of FIG. 4;

fig. 7 shows a schematic view of the pressure braid over wrapped valve structure of fig. 6.

Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:

10. an inner container; 20. pressing the braid; 21. weaving wires in the circumferential direction; 22. axially weaving wires; 23. weaving wires in the radial direction; 30. an outer liner; 40. internal die-casting a toughened film; 50. die-casting a toughened film; 60. a valve structure; 61. a valve seat; 62. a valve core; 63. a valve toughened glass layer.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 7, an embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen and gas bottle, which includes an inner container 10, a pressure woven layer 20 and an outer container 30, which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the inner container 10 and the outer container 30 are made of tempered glass, the pressure woven layer 20 is of a three-dimensional woven structure, and the pressure woven layer 20 is made of S glass fiber.

By adopting the scheme, the inner container 10, the pressure woven layer 20 and the outer container 30 of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle are made of the same glass materials, glass can be softened and then rapidly cooled and toughened to form, and the fiber materials are changed into composite materials under the condition that the thermal expansion coefficient and the density are not changed, so that the S glass fibers and the low-expansion toughened glass with the thermal expansion coefficient consistent with the self thermal expansion coefficient form the fiber reinforced composite material. Therefore, the scheme realizes that different material layers (the inner container 10, the pressure woven layer 20 and the outer container 30) keep the same overall thermal expansion coefficient, so that the propagation and growth of cracks can be strictly controlled, the middle part of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle adopts a three-dimensional woven structure instead of simple winding, the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle can have high tensile strength and high specific strength, and the glass material has no hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion reaction, so that the structural strength and the service life of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle are ensured.

Many excellent fiber materials have extremely high tensile strength and specific strength, such as carbon fiber, kevlar fiber, PE fiber, PBO fiber, boron fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and the like. Both their stresses and specific strengths are sufficient for the compressive strength of the wraps, however none of them can be made separately into complete bladders and wraps, and exhibit a high degree of differential thermal expansion once mixed with other materials such as resins to form composites.

Only one of the fibers has the special performance similar to metal, namely glass can be softened and then rapidly cooled and toughened to form, and the fiber material is changed into a composite material under the condition of not changing the thermal expansion coefficient and the density, which represents that the S glass fiber can be combined with low-expansion toughened glass with the thermal expansion coefficient consistent with the self thermal expansion coefficient to form a fiber reinforced composite material.

The toughness of the three-dimensional composite material is still mainly determined by the woven body rather than the matrix (the latter is usually too low in strength), and the following indexes and designs are mainly provided.

Elongation at break of fiber body: the breaking elongation of the S glass fiber is about 4 times of that of the carbon fiber, so that the breaking toughness of the designed braided body is better than that of the carbon fiber;

knitting precision: or the minimum unit of weaving, the lower the value, the higher the toughness, generally less than 0.75mm of an engineering crack; the fiber body is continuously turned in each minimum weaving unit so as to control the growth of local cracks;

interfacial lubricity: the density is irrelevant, the interface of the weaving body and the matrix is lubricated by applying a treatment means, generally a fiber thin coating is added, and the function of the interface is to enable the weaving body and the interface to freely slide (debond) in the matrix according to stress so as to generate the capacity of controlling the growth of matrix cracks;

a toughened glass substrate: toughened glass has extremely strong shock resistance and intensity, is far above resin and is difficult for producing the crackle, but toughened glass probably causes self-pulverization because of the inhomogeneous thermal expansion of inside impurity, and the control method is for rejecting impurity and 4 layers prevent leaking the design: the design of the inner and outer containers and the inner and outer toughened films which are isolated by the knitted body is used, the inner and outer containers and the inner and outer toughened films have high compactness and the capability of isolating hydrogen, so that when one of the two films is crushed, the other film is not influenced, and the warning can be obtained through the internal pressure sensor and the replacement and the maintenance can be carried out in time.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the pressure braid 20 is a three-dimensional orthogonal wrinkle-free braid structure, the pressure braid 20 includes a plurality of circumferential braid wires 21, a plurality of axial braid wires 22, and a plurality of radial braid wires 23, and the diameter of the radial braid wires 23 is smaller than the diameters of the circumferential braid wires 21 and the axial braid wires 22. Therefore, the pressure woven layer 20 is woven by glass fiber in three mutually perpendicular directions, and the consistency of the strength and the expansion coefficient of the pressure woven layer 20 in all directions is ensured.

In this embodiment, at least a portion of the inner bladder 10 penetrates into the pores inside the pressure braided layer 20, at least a portion of the outer bladder 30 penetrates into the pores inside the pressure braided layer 20, a portion of the pressure braided layer 20 that is not penetrated by the inner bladder 10 and the outer bladder 30 is an intermediate layer, a thickness of the intermediate layer accounts for 50% to 80% of a thickness of the pressure braided layer 20, a porosity of the intermediate layer is 20% to 40%, and a curvature radius of an arc-shaped position of the pressure braided layer 20 is not less than 40 mm. Thus, the inner container 10, the pressure woven layer 20 and the outer container 30 are reliably connected, and the structural strength is ensured. The thickness of the middle layer accounts for 50-80% of the thickness of the pressure woven layer 20, and the porosity of the middle layer is 20-40%, so that the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle has high flexibility while the structural strength is guaranteed, and the self weight of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle can be reduced. By setting the radius of curvature of the macro-arc position of the pressure-braid 20 to not less than 40mm, stress concentration can be avoided.

Specifically, the middle layer which accounts for about 60 percent of the volume of the pressure woven layer 20 is not added with any matrix (namely the inner container 10 and the outer container 30) but keeps about 32.5 percent of porosity, so that the whole design is reduced in a large range, the actual density of the three-dimensional woven hydrogen gas bottle is consistent with that of a carbon fiber resin material, and the weight reduction purpose is achieved; except that the three-dimensional woven hydrogen gas cylinder possessed a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of almost 0%, while the carbon fiber resin structure was completely reversed.

And the middle layer is also a buffer layer specially designed for impact and test, and because the woven body without the base body belongs to a flexible structure, the middle layer can generate curling and elastic rebound according to the opposite impact force, and a large amount of impact energy is discharged in the process.

The toughened glass has strong impact resistance and impact resistance, and the national standard requirement is that 1040 g of steel ball is dropped and hit the center of the glass at a height of one meter without breaking; the surface stress requirement of the toughened glass is that alpha is more than or equal to 95 mpa.

In the embodiment, the inner container 10 applies residual compressive stress in the preparation process, and the value of the applied residual compressive stress is 90-140mpa, so that at least part of pressure of the gas hydrogen on the inner container 10 can be counteracted in use, and the pressure bearing capacity of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas hydrogen bottle is improved. Wherein, the thickness of inner bag 10 is 10% to 25% of the thickness of pressure weaving layer 20, and the density of inner bag 10 is greater than 98%, can guarantee the structural strength and the reliability of inner bag 10 like this, avoids the production of crackle. The density of the inner container 10 is preferably 100%.

Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the inner container 10 is formed by heating tempered glass to a softening temperature of 680 to 720 ℃, and performing primary pressure molding on the inner side of the unsealed pressure-knit layer 20 soaked in a refrigerant using a rapid pressure infiltration method. Thus, the inner container 10 and the pressure woven layer 20 are integrated, the structural strength is high, and cracks are not easy to generate.

Accordingly, the outer bladder 30 applies a compressive residual stress during the manufacturing process, the applied compressive residual stress has a value of 90 to 140mpa, the thickness of the outer bladder 30 is 10 to 25% of the thickness of the pressure knit layer 20, and the compactness of the outer bladder 30 is greater than 98%. Therefore, at least part of pressure of the gas hydrogen on the outer container 30 can be counteracted in use, and the pressure bearing capacity of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas hydrogen bottle is improved. Wherein, the thickness of outer courage 30 is 10% to 25% of the thickness of pressure weaving layer 20, and the density of outer courage 30 is greater than 98%, can guarantee the structural strength and the reliability of outer courage 30 like this, avoids the production of crackle. The density of the outer bladder 30 is preferably 100%.

In the scheme, when the base bodies (namely the inner container 10 and the outer container 30) are manufactured, the residual compressive stress is prepared by using additional pressure of 90-140mpa, and the pressure always accompanies the hydrogen gas bottle and faces the internal pressure of 70-140mpa for filling the internal hydrogen gas; this is a standard design and manufacturing requirement for tempered glass, and it can be said that another important reason why tempered glass is far better than resin as a matrix, it can be understood that the internal pressure of the tempered glass matrix in operation is 0 or negative, which will greatly enhance the fatigue, toughness and lifetime of the matrix.

In this embodiment, the outer bladder 30 is formed by heating tempered glass to a softening temperature of 680 to 720 ℃, and performing a primary pressure molding on the outside of the sealed pressure-knit layer 20 soaked in a refrigerant using a rapid pressure infiltration method. Thus, the outer liner 30 and the pressure woven layer 20 are integrated, the structural strength is high, and cracks are not easy to generate.

Furthermore, the gas hydrogen bottle also comprises an inner die-casting toughened film 40 and an outer pressure casting toughened film 50, wherein the inner pressure casting toughened film 40 is arranged on the inner wall of the inner container 10, the outer die-casting toughened film 50 is arranged on the outer wall of the outer container 30, and the inner pressure casting toughened film 40 and the outer pressure casting toughened film 50 are both made of toughened glass. The thicknesses of the inner die-cast tempered film 40 and the outer die-cast tempered film 50 are 0.05 to 0.15mm, for example, 0.1 mm. The internal die-casting toughened film 40 is arranged, so that the structural strength and the sealing property of the interior of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas hydrogen cylinder can be further improved; through setting up outer die-casting tempering membrane 50, can further improve the outside structural strength, leakproofness and the wearability of on-vehicle gas hydrogen bottle of three-dimensional weaving. Moreover, the inner pressure cast steel film 40 and the outer pressure cast steel film 50 are made of tempered glass, so that the consistency of the expansion coefficients is ensured.

As shown in fig. 5 to 7, the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen and gas cylinder further includes a valve structure 60, the valve structure 60 includes a valve seat 61, a valve core 62 and a valve tempered glass layer 63, the valve core 62 is disposed in the valve seat 61, the valve tempered glass layer 63 is disposed on the valve seat 61, the valve seat 61 and the valve core 62 are made of stainless invar steel, the thermal expansion coefficient of the stainless invar steel is highly matched with the thermal expansion coefficients of the inner container 10, the outer container 30 and the pressure woven layer 20, the valve tempered glass layer 63 and the inner container 10 are welded, and the valve seat 61 is surrounded by the pressure woven layer 20.

Specifically, the valve seat 61 and the valve core 62 are formed by one-time die press forging of a sandwich structure, the residual press stress of the press forging is not lower than 20mpa, the surfaces of the valve seat 61 and the valve core 62 are processed by laser shot blasting or rolling, annular coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the valve seat 61 and the valve core 62, and the weight of the valve structure 60 is not more than 5% of the total weight of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder.

To provide a clearer understanding of the structure, process, and advantages of the present solution, it is further described below.

The material cost advantage is designed: the three materials of S glass fiber, toughened glass and stainless steel under the design item are all applied materials which are produced in a large scale and have extremely low cost of raw materials (such as silicon), and can be completely made into a home-made product, so that the cost is further reduced. Therefore, if the production/purchase is reasonable, the comprehensive cost of the three-dimensional integrally-woven three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle can be 10-20% of that of a carbon fiber fourth-generation bottle, and the method is suitable for large-scale production and sale.

The valve structure appears small, but because the market is not transparent and the cost is currently very expensive and causes monopoly effect of overseas companies, its price and raw material cost are not matched, so the integrated design includes an autonomously designed valve to avoid whole valve purchase, and only needs to buy cheap raw materials and pay proper replacement labor cost according to the design drawing.

The advantages of the integrated three-dimensional weaving: the integrated three-dimensional weaving also embodies the attention to the thickness direction of the structure, so that the shearing capability of the structure in each direction is obviously improved; the advantage of the integrated three-dimensional weaving is also embodied in the comprehensive performance, the stress distribution and the uniformity of the integrated three-dimensional weaving almost have no stress concentration phenomenon, and particularly, the integrated three-dimensional weaving cancels the traditional connecting means such as adhesive joint, welding and the like, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the woven body; especially for the conditions of high-speed impact, accidental impact and the like: the integral anti-impact capability of the integrated three-dimensional weaving is far better than that of one-dimensional winding and two-dimensional weaving, and even far better than that of common non-integrated three-dimensional weaving; the fatigue life of the integrated three-dimensional weave is also the longest of all current composite material classes.

Cost control of three-dimensional weaving: manual assistance to machinery can be allowed to participate in the sample period (the cost is higher), however, once the sizing and the mass production are realized, particularly after a special gas hydrogen bottle three-dimensional weaving machine is designed and ordered, the mass production scale and the mass production speed are not lost in most scale industrial preparation means after the mass production cost control is carried out; therefore, two variable factors of three-dimensional weaving and valve which are not very transparent can be controlled in hands at the initial stage of mass production, including the steps of designing in person, ordering a special weaving machine and splitting the valve into parts to be delivered to several outsourcing factories, and other parts and links are outsourcing, so as to avoid extra cost.

The process sequence of weaving the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle in the scheme is as follows:

most of the weaving at the position of a seal (valve seat) is firstly carried out, and because an open body mode is used, the core die can be used for fixing and shaping the woven body in the step;

adding an inner container substrate at a position except for a seal (a valve seat) into the refrigerating fluid, and leaving the braided wire connecting wire not to be immersed into the substrate;

adding an inner die-casting tempering film into the refrigerating fluid;

connecting the upper seal and the valve seat, and covering and weaving the base and the seal;

and (3) finishing the integral braided structure, and adding an outer container matrix and an external pressure cast steel film into the refrigerating fluid.

The specific preparation process of the inner container comprises the following steps:

heating the toughened glass to the softening temperature of about 700 ℃, carrying out primary pressure forming on the inside of the unsealed fiber three-dimensional woven body soaked in the refrigerant by using a rapid pressure permeation method, and rapidly toughening the refrigerant;

the residual compressive stress is applied at 90-140 mpa;

a thickness of about 20% of the thickness of the braid;

densifying by 100%;

and (5) polishing the interior with sand paper.

The specific preparation process of the outer container comprises the following steps:

heating the toughened glass to the softening temperature of about 700 ℃, carrying out one-step pressure forming on the outside of the sealed fiber three-dimensional weaving body soaked in the refrigerant by using a rapid pressure permeation method, and rapidly toughening the fiber three-dimensional weaving body due to the refrigerant;

the residual compressive stress is applied at 90-140 mpa;

the thickness of the outer container is about 20% of the thickness of the braid.

The density of the inner container and the outer container is as follows: the compactness should be chosen to be 100% in view of a residual compressive stress of more than 90 mpa.

The valve structure:

using Fe-Co-Cr stainless invar steel with controllable expansion coefficient; it has excellent anti-corrosion and anti-hydrogen embrittlement capability; the lowest thermal expansion coefficient can be negative (below 100 ℃ thermal expansion inflection point temperature); the thermal expansion coefficient can be adjusted to be completely matched with the S glass fiber by finely adjusting the contents of the cobalt iron and the Cr (increasing the Cr preference); stainless invar steel is not high in yield strength but is sufficient as a valve, especially it has an elongation at break of 30-45% and a very strong toughness; although the higher density of stainless invar adds a little weight to the gas hydrogen cylinder, the significance of obtaining a metal valve with perfectly matched thermal expansion and high toughness is far superior, which represents the overall life, safety factor and deep bonding across metal and glass bodies of a gas hydrogen cylinder.

The production process comprises the following steps:

the valve seat and the valve core are formed by one-time die press forging of a sandwich structure, and the residual press stress of the press forging is not lower than 20 mpa; the overall weight of the valve structure is designed to be not more than 5% of the empty weight of the gas hydrogen bottle, so that the sandwich body design is very important.

The metal valve seat with the turnbuckle is separately manufactured, and the inner layer of the toughened glass substrate is prepared in the cooling liquid by pressure (the two can be easily combined due to the consistent thermal expansion, and the advanced protective coating preparation can be carried out on the surface of the valve seat in order to eliminate metallurgical chemical reaction if necessary);

embedding the valve seat added with the toughened glass inner matrix into the inner container matrix of the pressure woven layer, and sealing and welding the valve seat and the inner container matrix by reusing toughened glass powder of a softening and refrigerant method;

continuously covering and weaving the three-dimensional weaving body thread end which is not soaked in the liner substrate, and weaving the valve seat into the three-dimensional weaving body thread end to complete the integrated design; because the valve seat is provided with the internal toughened glass substrate, the internal toughened glass substrate of the part of the woven body is omitted;

the material and the process of the valve core are consistent with those of the valve seat;

performing precision polishing on the valve seat and the valve core by adopting a high-precision lathe;

toughening the surfaces of a valve seat and a valve core by laser shot blasting or rolling (low cost);

and plasma spraying an environmental coating on the valve seat and the valve core to prevent hydrogen corrosion and environmental corrosion.

In this aspect, the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen and gas cylinder may be configured to be cylindrical, for example, the inner diameter of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen and gas cylinder is not less than 80mm, the inner length of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen and gas cylinder is 500 to 2800mm, and the thickness of the pressure knitted layer 20 is 4 to 20 mm. Or, the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas cylinder may be provided in a flat cylinder shape, for example, the inner width of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas cylinder is 1200 to 1800mm, the inner length of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas cylinder is 1000 to 2800mm, the inner thickness of the three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas cylinder is not less than 80mm, and the thickness of the pressure woven layer 20 is 4 to 20 mm. The three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas cylinder can be designed into different pressure versions according to needs, such as a 70mpa pressure version or a 140mpa pressure version, and the like, which are specifically exemplified below.

70mpa pressure version:

the inner diameter is 100 mm;

the internal length is 2000-3400 mm;

volume and hydrogen capacity of 0.01885m ³ X 16 (2400 mm inner length type passenger car chassis placed side by side) 0.3016m ³ ×39.062kg/m ³ ＝11.78kg；

Mass to hydrogen weight ratio: the empty weight is 9.5kg (single bottle), and the hydrogen weight ratio is 7.5%;

designing the highest endurance: 1325 km;

the pre-pressure weaving is carried out on the inner container core mould by using S-glass fiber, and the thickness of the inner container core mould meets the following formula:

(4 × can internal pressure (mpa) × R (inner bladder radius))/2 ═ σ (fiber tensile strength) × weave total thickness;

fiber volume ratio: 67.5 percent;

the weaving thickness is 4 × 70mpa × 0.05 ÷ 2 ÷ (4020mpa × 0.675 × 0.5) ═ 5.16 mm;

front and rear radians: the braiding machine allows for appropriate thickening.

140mpa pressure version (passenger car chassis placement):

inner width is 1400;

the internal length is 2000-3400 mm;

the inner thickness is 100 mm;

volume and hydrogen capacity of 0.3016m ³ (model 2400mm in inner length). times. 54.8288kg/m ³ ＝16.53kg；

Mass to hydrogen weight ratio: the empty weight is 165.69kg, and the hydrogen weight ratio is 10 percent;

designing the highest endurance: 1860 kilometers;

designing the shape: three-dimensional long-column elliptical and three-dimensional elliptical;

the radius of curvature at any arc must not be less than 40 mm;

fiber volume ratio: 67.5 percent;

pre-pressure winding is carried out on the inner container core mould by using S-glass fiber, and the thickness of the inner container core mould meets the following formula:

(4 × can internal pressure (mpa) × R (inner bladder radius))/2 ═ σ (fiber tensile strength) × total wound thickness;

the weaving thickness is 4 × 140mpa × 0.05 ÷ 2 ÷ (4020mpa × 0.675 × 0.5) ═ 10.32 mm;

front and rear radians: suitably thickened as allowed by the knitting machine.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a three-dimensional on-vehicle gas hydrogen bottle of weaving, its characterized in that, three-dimensional on-vehicle gas hydrogen bottle of weaving includes inner bag (10), pressure weaving layer (20) and outer courage (30) that set gradually from inside to outside, inner bag (10) with the material of outer courage (30) is toughened glass, pressure weaving layer (20) are the three-dimensional structure of weaving, the material of pressure weaving layer (20) is S glass fiber.

2. The three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, wherein the pressure knitted layer (20) is of a three-dimensional orthogonal wrinkle-free knitted structure, the pressure knitted layer (20) comprising a plurality of circumferential knitted wires (21), a plurality of axial knitted wires (22) and a plurality of radial knitted wires (23), the diameter of the radial knitted wires (23) being smaller than the diameters of the circumferential knitted wires (21) and the axial knitted wires (22).

3. The three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the inner bladder (10) penetrates into pores inside the pressure knitted layer (20), at least a part of the outer bladder (30) penetrates into pores inside the pressure knitted layer (20), a part of the pressure knitted layer (20) which is not penetrated by the inner bladder (10) and the outer bladder (30) is an intermediate layer, the thickness of the intermediate layer accounts for 50% to 80% of the thickness of the pressure knitted layer (20), the porosity of the intermediate layer is 20% to 40%, and the radius of curvature of an arc-shaped position of the pressure knitted layer (20) is not less than 40 mm.

4. The three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen and gas bottle according to claim 1, wherein the inner container (10) applies a compressive residual stress during the manufacturing process, the value of the applied compressive residual stress is 90 to 140mpa, the thickness of the inner container (10) is 10 to 25 percent of the thickness of the pressure knitted layer (20), and the compactness of the inner container (10) is more than 98 percent.

5. The three-dimensional weaving vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner container (10) is formed by heating tempered glass to a softening temperature of 680 ℃ to 720 ℃ and performing one-time pressure forming on the inner side of the unsealed pressure woven layer (20) soaked in refrigerant by using a rapid pressure infiltration method.

6. The three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, wherein the outer bladder (30) applies a residual compressive stress during the manufacturing process, the applied residual compressive stress has a value of 90 to 140mpa, the thickness of the outer bladder (30) is 10 to 25% of the thickness of the pressure knitted layer (20), and the compactness of the outer bladder (30) is greater than 98%.

7. The three-dimensional weaving vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer liner (30) is formed by heating tempered glass to a softening temperature of 680 ℃ to 720 ℃ and performing one-step pressure forming on the outer side of the sealed pressure woven layer (20) soaked in refrigerant by using a rapid pressure infiltration method.

8. The three-dimensional weaving vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-hydrogen bottle further comprises an inner die-casting toughened film (40) and an outer die-casting toughened film (50), the inner die-casting toughened film (40) is disposed on the inner wall of the inner container (10), the outer die-casting toughened film (50) is disposed on the outer wall of the outer container (30), the inner die-casting toughened film (40) and the outer die-casting toughened film (50) are made of toughened glass, and the thicknesses of the inner die-casting toughened film (40) and the outer die-casting toughened film (50) are 0.05-0.15 mm.

9. The three-dimensional woven vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle of claim 1, further comprising a valve structure (60), wherein the valve structure (60) comprises a valve seat (61), a valve core (62) and a valve tempered glass layer (63), the valve core (62) is disposed in the valve seat (61), the valve tempered glass layer (63) is disposed on the valve seat (61), the valve seat (61) and the valve core (62) are made of stainless invar steel, the valve tempered glass layer (63) and the inner container (10) are welded, and the valve seat (61) is surrounded by the pressure woven layer (20).

10. The three-dimensional weaving vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle as claimed in claim 9, wherein the valve seat (61) and the valve core (62) are formed by one-time die press forging of sandwich structure, residual press stress of press forging is not lower than 20mpa, the surfaces of the valve seat (61) and the valve core (62) are processed by laser shot blasting or rolling, the surfaces of the valve seat (61) and the valve core (62) are coated with annular coatings, and the weight of the valve structure (60) is not more than 5% of the total weight of the three-dimensional weaving vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle.

11. The three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal pressure of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle is 70 to 140mpa, and the thickness of the pressure knitted layer (20) is 4 to 20 mm; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is cylindrical, the inner diameter of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is not less than 80mm, and the inner length of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted hydrogen gas bottle is 500-2800 mm; or the like, or, alternatively,

the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle is in a flat cylinder shape, the inner width of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle is 1200-1800 mm, the inner length of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle is 1000-2800 mm, and the inner thickness of the three-dimensional knitted vehicle-mounted gas-hydrogen bottle is not less than 80 mm.