CN115161088A - Preparation system and method for microalgae-coupled carbon-fixing biomass briquette - Google Patents
Preparation system and method for microalgae-coupled carbon-fixing biomass briquette Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation system of microalgae-coupled carbon-fixing biomass briquette, which comprises a biomass fuel combustion module, a biomass flue gas recovery module, a microalgae cultivation carbon-fixing module and a biomass briquette preparation module. The invention relates to a preparation method of a coupling microalgae carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel, which comprises the following steps: 1) Self-culturing microalgae; 2) Carrying out amplification culture on microalgae; 3) Optimizing parameters of the single biomass briquette; 4) And (4) optimizing parameters of the composite biomass briquette. The biomass briquette fuel obtained by the invention has good activation energy resistance and combustion effect, and can utilize microalgae to fix CO generated by combustion of the biomass briquette fuel 2 And the fuel quality of the biomass briquette fuel is improved by using the grease rich in the algae cells generated by carbon sequestration of the microalgae, and the invention not only can reduce CO 2 The pollution brought by the method can obviously reduce the heat value cost of preparing the formed fuel by the agricultural and forestry waste, and greatly reduce the technical complexity of the large-scale utilization of the energy microalgae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass fuels, and particularly relates to a preparation system and method of a coupling microalgae carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel.
Background
At present, CO in China 2 The emission is located in the second place in the world, CO 2 The situation of emission reduction is very severe. CO 2 2 Is the main source of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and aims to effectively reduce CO after combustion 2 Row (2)There is a need to find a stable, safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly CO 2 A capture technique. While biologically fixing CO 2 Is the most dominant and effective carbon sequestration mode on earth, playing a determining role in the carbon cycle. Biological fixation and sequestration of CO 2 Utilizes light energy to mix water and CO through photosynthesis 2 And mineral substances are converted into organic compounds without additional energy consumption and secondary pollution, and the method is used for CO 2 Emission reduction is an ideal way of meeting the natural circulation and saving energy. The main carbon sequestration that can be achieved by this method are plants, photosynthetic bacteria and algae. And the realization of CO by physical and chemical methods 2 Compared with the fixation and sequestration of the microalgae, the microalgae biologically fixes CO 2 Has high light and light rate, high growth speed, strong environmental adaptability and CO 2 Low separation and capture cost and the like.
Research has shown that algae (including macroalgae and microalgae) can fix CO every year 2 About 0.95 x 1011t, which accounts for 47.5 percent of the global net photosynthesis yield, has the oil content of over 50 percent, is recognized as the third generation biological energy source raw material with the most development potential, and plays a significant role in carbon element circulation and energy grade improvement. Meanwhile, according to similar findings such as Najafi G and the like, the microalgae biodiesel is used as a carbon neutral fuel, and the amount of carbon dioxide released by combustion is close to that of carbon dioxide assimilated in the microalgae production process.
Biomass briquette fuel is one of the important ways in which biomass can be utilized. China has rich biomass resources and great energy utilization potential. Since microalgae can convert CO 2 Converted into carbohydrates and grease, so that the microalgae produced by carbon sequestration of the microalgae can be used for producing foods, chemical products and biomass energy sources. And the energy microalgae has high self oil content, high growth speed and short growth period and has very wide application prospect in the field of biomass fuels, so that the development of microalgae biomass energy and the acquisition of more efficient and clean solid formed fuels are very significant researches.
In the preparation process of biomass briquette fuel, certain additives are often required to be added in the preparation and combustion processes in order to improve the quality of the fuel. The grease (biomass liquefied oil) can be used as a lubricant to reduce the abrasion degree of molding equipment, and can also be used as a combustion improver and an adhesive of biomass granular fuel. The algae residue has high protein and lignin content, and can release a protein adhesive under the condition of sufficient moisture, can be used as an adhesive of granular fuel, can be used as a solid connecting bridge and fills gaps. The addition of the microalgae can increase the agglomerate density without reducing the mechanical strength, and has high tolerance, slow energy loss in the combustion process and longer afterglow time.
However, the cost of microalgae is much higher than that of biomass fuels such as common straw wood and the like, and when the oil content is more than 6.5%, the durability of the formed particles is poor, and the viscosity promoting effect of starch and protein is influenced, so that the biomass particle fuel prepared by completely using microalgae rich in oil cannot have a good effect in the aspects of economy and particle quality.
The biomass briquette fuel is one of the effective methods for utilizing agricultural and forestry waste, and energy microalgae can absorb a large amount of CO through photosynthesis 2 And is rich in lipid and glycerol, and is an ideal renewable energy source. The additive serving as the biomass pellet fuel can be considered to be mixed and formed with the raw materials, so that the grease contained in the microalgae cell body can effectively improve the combustion performance of the biomass pellets, a carbon circulation system is constructed, the biomass pellet fuel using the microalgae as the additive is combusted to release waste gas containing carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide in the waste gas can be fixed by the microalgae in the culture process, and the CO in the system can be reduced 2 The pollution brought by the method can obviously reduce the heat value cost of preparing the formed fuel by the agricultural and forestry waste, and greatly reduce the technical complexity of the large-scale utilization of the energy microalgae.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation system and a preparation method of biomass briquette fuel by coupling microalgae carbon fixation, the obtained biomass briquette fuel has good activation energy and combustion effect, and CO generated by combustion of biomass briquette fuel can be fixed by microalgae 2 And the fuel quality of the biomass briquette fuel is improved by using the grease rich in the algae cells generated by carbon sequestration of the microalgae, so that the aims of carbon balance and cost reduction are fulfilled.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation system of coupling little algae solid carbon biomass briquette fuel which characterized in that: the device comprises a biomass fuel combustion module, a biomass flue gas recovery module, a microalgae cultivation carbon fixation module and a biomass briquette preparation module; the biomass fuel combustion module, the biomass flue gas recovery module, the microalgae cultivation carbon fixation module and the biomass briquette preparation module are sequentially connected, and the biomass briquette preparation module is connected to the biomass fuel module;
the biomass fuel combustion module comprises a biomass boiler and a chimney, and the biomass flue gas recovery module comprises a flue gas dust removal device, a flue gas cooling device, a flue gas storage tank and a flue gas distribution valve; the microalgae culturing and carbon fixing module comprises a microalgae culturing photobioreactor, and the biomass briquette preparation module comprises a biomass briquette production device;
the biomass in the biomass boiler burns and produces electric energy, heat energy, the flue gas of burning release enters into flue gas dust collector in proper order through the chimney, flue gas heat sink removes dust, the cooling is handled, the flue gas storage after the cooling is in the flue gas holding vessel, and carry to little algae cultivation photobioreactor through the flue gas distributing valve control, little algae cultivation photobioreactor carries out little algae's cultivation and carbon fixation under certain temperature and the illumination in, carbon dioxide fixes in the flue gas, little algae after the carbon fixation gets into in biomass briquette fuel apparatus for producing with agriculture and forestry abandonment living beings in coordination carry out biomass briquette fuel's preparation, the biomass briquette fuel that obtains of preparation is sent into the biomass boiler again and is burnt and provide the energy.
And the number of the smoke distribution valves and the microalgae culture photobioreactor is a plurality, and the smoke distribution valves correspond to the microalgae culture photobioreactor.
And, little algae culture photobioreactor top is provided with a plurality of light lamps, be provided with a plurality of tangent double-barrelled tubular photobioreactor in little algae culture photobioreactor side by side, tangent double-barrelled tubular photobioreactor left side is provided with a plurality of flue gas and send into the mouth and the sewage send into the mouth, flue gas send into the mouth and the sewage send into the mouth and connect little algae culture photobioreactor outside flue gas and sewage, tangent double-barrelled tubular photobioreactor right side is provided with a plurality of flue gas and send out the mouth and the sewage send out the mouth, flue gas that flue gas sent out the mouth returns the flue gas after collecting and sends into the mouth and carry out cyclic utilization, discharges after reaching emission standard, the sewage that sewage sent out the mouth can obtain high concentration algae liquid behind little algae dewatering device, sends into the sewage again and sends into the mouth and carries out cyclic utilization.
And, biomass briquette fuel apparatus for producing includes little algae hydroextractor, little algae desicator, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass grinder, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass dryer, blender and granulator, little algae that little algae cultivation photobioreactor cultivateed carry out dehydration drying through little algae hydroextractor, little algae desicator, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass grinder, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass dryer smash the drying through agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass grinder, little algae after the drying and agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass dryer evenly mix in the blender, accomplish the granulation in the granulator after the mixture is accomplished then carry to the biomass boiler in burning.
A preparation method of a coupling microalgae carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Microalgae self-culture: collecting Chlorella strain (FACHB-1227) and placing into 500mL flask containing 250mLBG-11 culture medium for photoautotrophic culture, introducing oxygen-enriched air with carbon dioxide content of 5% into the flask, and culturing at 25 + -1 deg.C;
2) And (3) microalgae amplification culture: inoculating cultured microalgae cells into culture medium in pipe section of photobioreactor, wherein the culture medium adopted in the pipe section is BG-11, and the inoculation concentration is 0.1g-L -1 Setting the initial pH value of the culture medium at 7.5 +/-0.1, setting the pipe section of the photobioreactor inside a constant temperature water bath box, and continuously culturing at 25 +/-1 deg.c for 1After 0 day, the ventilation capacity of the carbon dioxide in the photobioreactor is 5% -15%; simultaneously, an external artificial light source is used for illumination, the illumination is carried out for 12 hours every day, and the intensity is 53.5 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Aerating every 3h for 1h; an aeration phase in which the flow rate of air entering the inner tube of the photobioreactor is set to not less than 0.3vvm, and during the cultivation, 10 ml samples of microalgae are collected three times a day at 7;
3) Single biomass briquette parameter optimization:
cutting the agriculture and forestry waste biomass material into small blocks of 1mm, crushing microalgae which is subjected to expanded culture in the step 2) to obtain microalgae powder of 200 microns, drying the two raw materials at 105 ℃ for 20 hours, then performing water distribution ratio, molding in a biomass single-molding fuel multi-parameter control preparation experiment table, researching the influence of molding temperature (20-160 ℃), molding pressure (60-200 MPa) and water content (4-18%) on molding quality and molding energy consumption of the raw materials, testing the density, durability and molding energy consumption of the raw materials, establishing a mathematical correlation formula for predicting and describing the relationship between molding parameters and physical quality of particles and molding energy consumption by adopting a response surface multi-objective optimization method (RSM) based on Design Expert 12 software, optimizing the molding parameters, determining the optimal parameters, wherein the optimal parameters of the microalgae molding fuel are as follows: the temperature is 108 ℃, the pressure is 76.2MPa, the water content is 11 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 96.5 percent and 1658.4kg/m 3 9.19kJ/kg; the optimal parameters of the apple tree pruning branch forming fuel are as follows: the temperature is 101.86 ℃, the pressure is 133.49MPa, the water content is 11 percent, the durability, the density and the forming energy consumption are respectively 98.5 percent and 1308.34kg/m 3 43.56kJ/kg; the optimal parameters of the corn straw briquette fuel are as follows: the temperature is 107.95 ℃, the pressure is 163.81MPa, the water content is 11.5 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 96.5 percent and 1360.21kg/m 3 、34.25kJ/kg；
4) Optimizing parameters of the composite biomass briquette:
under different pressure (60-200 MPa), temperature (20-160 ℃) and water content (6% -18%) parameters, in a biomass single forming fuel multi-parameter control preparation experiment table, mixing and forming microalgae powder, apple tree pruning branches and corn straws in 6 different proportions (0%, 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100%), evaluating particle physical quality and forming energy consumption by using a Response Surface Method (RSM), testing the micro morphology of a mixed sample by combining an electron microscope and infrared characterization, obtaining that the mixing amount of microalgae 20% is the optimal composite ratio, and when the mixing amount of microalgae is 20%, the optimal technological parameters of the microalgae-apple tree pruning composite biomass forming fuel are as follows: the temperature is 114 ℃, the pressure is 126MPa, the water content is 12 percent, the durability, the density and the forming energy consumption are respectively 97.9 percent and 1392.3kg/m 3 35.6kJ/kg; when the mixing amount of the microalgae is 20%, the optimal process parameters of the microalgae-corn straw composite biomass briquette fuel are as follows: the temperature is 101 ℃, the pressure is 130MPa, the water content is 12 percent, the durability, the density and the forming energy consumption are respectively 97 percent and 1455.2kg/m 3 、27.1kJ/kg。
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the microalgae of the invention plays the roles of a lubricant and a binder in the composite forming process, can effectively reduce the forming energy consumption and improve the fuel quality, and carbohydrate components such as starch, protein and the like contained in the microalgae strengthen the combination of bonds among biomass particles, thereby obviously enhancing the density and durability of the mixed formed fuel.
2. The formed fuel formed by respectively mixing and forming the microalgae, the pruned branches of the apple trees and the corn straws has greatly improved heat value, better combustion quality and high combustion heat value.
3. Carbon dioxide generated by combustion of the formed fuel can be solidified by microalgae, carbon elements in the carbon dioxide are converted into grease, and the grease can further promote combustion of the formed fuel, reduce energy consumption, reduce carbon dioxide emission and realize carbon recycling.
4. The microalgae can obviously reduce the activation energy of a formed sample, improve the Comprehensive Combustion Index (CCI), facilitate ignition and a more general combustion process, promote the combustion of biomass fuel and be considered as an excellent combustion improver for improving the traditional biomass formed fuel.
5. The solid fuel cost can be increased by adding microalgae, but the unit calorific value cost of the fuel can be obviously reduced by adding the microalgae, for example, 20% of the apple tree pruning solid fuel and the corn straw solid fuel added by the microalgae are taken as an example, although the fuel cost is slightly increased by adding the microalgae, compared with the apple tree pruning solid fuel and the corn straw solid fuel, the cost required by the unit calorific value is obviously reduced by adding the microalgae of 20%, and the unit calorific value costs of the apple tree pruning solid fuel and the corn straw solid fuel are respectively reduced by about 24.5% and 27%.
6. According to the invention, the additive serving as the biomass granular fuel and the raw materials are mixed and formed, so that the combustion performance of the biomass granular fuel is effectively improved by the grease contained in the microalgae cell body, a carbon circulation system can be constructed, the waste gas containing carbon dioxide released by combustion of the biomass formed fuel using the microalgae as the additive can be utilized by microalgae culture, and the carbon dioxide is fixed, so that the emission pollution of the carbon dioxide can be reduced, the heat value cost of preparing the formed fuel from agricultural and forestry wastes can be obviously reduced, and the technical complexity of energy microalgae large-scale utilization can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a manufacturing system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the preparation system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photobioreactor for microalgae culture according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a biomass briquette fuel production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an economic analysis budget diagram for biomass briquette fuels prepared according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-biomass boiler, 2-chimney, 3-flue gas dust removal device, 4-flue gas cooling device, 5-flue gas storage tank, 6-flue gas distribution valve, 7-microalgae culture photo-bioreactor, 8-biomass briquette fuel production device, 9-microalgae dehydrator, 10-microalgae dryer, 11-mixer, 12-granulator, 13-agriculture and forestry waste biomass pulverizer and 14-agriculture and forestry waste biomass dryer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a preparation system of microalgae carbon-fixing biomass-forming fuel is characterized in that: the device comprises a biomass fuel combustion module, a biomass flue gas recovery module, a microalgae cultivation carbon fixation module and a biomass briquette preparation module; the biomass fuel combustion module, the biomass flue gas recovery module, the microalgae cultivation carbon fixation module and the biomass briquette preparation module are sequentially connected, and the biomass briquette preparation module is connected to the biomass fuel module;
as shown in fig. 2, the biomass fuel combustion module comprises a biomass boiler 1 and a chimney 2, and the biomass flue gas recovery module comprises a flue gas dust removal device 3, a flue gas cooling device 4, a flue gas storage tank 5 and a flue gas distribution valve 6; the microalgae cultivation carbon fixation module comprises a microalgae cultivation photo-biological reaction tower 7, and the biomass briquette preparation module comprises a biomass briquette production device 8;
the biomass in the biomass boiler burns and produces electric energy, heat energy, the flue gas of burning release enters into flue gas dust collector in proper order through the chimney, flue gas heat sink removes dust, the cooling is handled, the flue gas storage after the cooling is in the flue gas holding vessel, and carry to little algae cultivation photobioreactor through the flue gas distributing valve control, little algae cultivation photobioreactor carries out little algae's cultivation and carbon fixation under certain temperature and the illumination in, carbon dioxide fixes in the flue gas, little algae after the carbon fixation gets into in biomass briquette fuel apparatus for producing with agriculture and forestry abandonment living beings in coordination carry out biomass briquette fuel's preparation, the biomass briquette fuel that obtains of preparation is sent into the biomass boiler again and is burnt and provide the energy.
The number of the smoke distribution valves and the microalgae culture photo-biological reaction towers is a plurality, and the smoke distribution valves correspond to the microalgae culture photo-biological reaction towers.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of illuminating lamps are arranged at the top end of the microalgae culture photobioreactor, a plurality of tangential double-pipe photobioreactor are arranged in the microalgae culture photobioreactor side by side, a plurality of flue gas inlets and a sewage inlet are arranged on the left side of the tangential double-pipe photobioreactor, the flue gas inlets and the sewage inlet are connected with the flue gas and the sewage outside the microalgae culture photobioreactor, a plurality of flue gas outlets and a sewage outlet are arranged on the right side of the tangential double-pipe photobioreactor, the flue gas at the flue gas outlets is collected and then returned to the flue gas inlets for cyclic utilization until reaching the emission standard, and the sewage at the sewage outlets can be discharged after passing through the microalgae dehydration device to obtain high-concentration algae liquid and then is sent to the sewage inlet for cyclic utilization.
In fig. 3, the solid line indicates the transport path of the flue gas, and the broken line indicates the sewage transport path. The sewage can be recycled, the flue gas can be discharged under the condition that the carbon reaches the standard, and the flue gas continues to enter the circulation if the carbon does not reach the standard. After the dotted lines are converged to the microalgae dehydration device, the algae liquid with extremely high concentration can be obtained.
As shown in fig. 4, the biomass briquette production device includes a microalgae dehydrator, a microalgae dryer, an agriculture and forestry waste biomass crusher, an agriculture and forestry waste biomass dryer, a mixer and a pelletizer, wherein microalgae cultured by the microalgae culture photobioreactor is dehydrated and dried by the microalgae dehydrator and the microalgae dryer, the agriculture and forestry waste biomass is crushed and dried by the agriculture and forestry waste biomass crusher and the agriculture and forestry waste biomass dryer, the dried microalgae and the agriculture and forestry waste biomass are uniformly mixed in the mixer, and after mixing, granulation is completed in the pelletizer and then is conveyed to a biomass boiler for combustion, so as to continuously generate electric energy, heat energy and plant ash, wherein the electric energy and heat energy can be recycled, and the plant ash can be collected as a base fertilizer, a seed fertilizer and an additional fertilizer, so that plant growth is promoted, plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, and a strong disinfection effect is achieved.
The invention provides a preparation method of a microalgae-coupled carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel, which comprises the following steps:
1) Microalgae self-culture: placing chlorella strain (FACHB-1227) from Wuhan freshwater algae germplasm resource library of Chinese academy of sciences into 500mL flask containing 250mLBG-11 culture medium for photoautotrophic culture, introducing oxygen-enriched air with carbon dioxide content of 5% into the flask, and culturing at 25 + -1 deg.C;
2) And (3) microalgae amplification culture: the invention adopts a self-built novel photobioreactor oil-rich microalgae culture experimental system to culture microalgae, and inoculates cultured microalgae cells into a culture medium in a photobioreactor pipe section, wherein the photobioreactor adopted by the invention is a tangential double-pipe type photobioreactor (TDTP), the culture medium adopted by the pipe section is BG-11, and the inoculation concentration is 0.1g-L -1 Setting the initial pH value of the culture medium at 7.5 +/-0.1, placing the pipe section of the photobioreactor in a constant-temperature water bath box, continuously culturing at 25 +/-1 ℃ for 10 days, and controlling the carbon dioxide ventilation of the photobioreactor to be 5-15%; simultaneously, an external artificial light source is used for illumination, the illumination is carried out for 12 hours every day, and the intensity is 53.5 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Aerating every 3h for 1h; an aeration phase in which the flow rate of air entering the inner tube of the photobioreactor is set to not less than 0.3vvm, and during the cultivation, 10 ml samples of microalgae are collected three times a day at 7;
the tangent double-tube photobioreactor (TDTD) has an inner tube (with the diameter of 80 mm) tangent to an outer tube (with the diameter of 200 mm), and the inner tube is provided with two rows of aeration holes axially symmetrical along the section. In order to prevent microalgae from entering the inner pipe during intermittent aeration, the aeration inner pipe is designed into a two-layer structure, and aeration holes can be blocked by rotating the inner layer.
3) Single biomass briquette parameter optimization:
cutting the agricultural and forestry waste biomass material into small blocks of 1mm, crushing microalgae which is subjected to expanded culture in the step 2) to obtain microalgae powder of 200 microns, drying the two raw materials at 105 ℃ for 20 hours, then performing water distribution ratio, molding in a biomass single-molding fuel multi-parameter control preparation experiment table, researching the influence of molding temperature (20-160 ℃), molding pressure (60-200 MPa) and water content (4-18%) on molding quality and molding energy consumption of the raw materials, testing the density, durability and molding energy consumption of the raw materials, establishing a mathematical correlation formula for predicting and describing the relationship between molding parameters and physical quality of particles and molding energy consumption by adopting a response surface multi-objective optimization method (RSM) based on Design Expert 12 software, optimizing the molding parameters, and determining the optimal parameters.
Through different temperature, pressure and water content influence tests, the changes of density, durability and forming energy consumption of three biomasses of apple tree pruning, corn straw and microalgae powder are respectively analyzed, a model is established for simulation verification, a predicted value and an experimental value are compared, and the difference value is less than 5%.
The determined optimal parameters are as follows:
the optimal parameters of the microalgae forming fuel are as follows: the temperature is 108 ℃, the pressure is 76.2MPa, the water content is 11 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 96.5 percent and 1658.4kg/m 3 9.19kJ/kg; the optimal parameters of the apple tree pruning branch forming fuel are as follows: the temperature is 101.86 ℃, the pressure is 133.49MPa, the water content is 11 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 98.5 percent and 1308.34kg/m 3 43.56kJ/kg; the optimal parameters of the corn straw briquette fuel are as follows: the temperature is 107.95 ℃, the pressure is 163.81MPa, the water content is 11.5 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 96.5 percent and 1360.21kg/m 3 、34.25kJ/kg；
4) Optimizing parameters of the composite biomass briquette:
under different pressure (60-200 MPa), temperature (20-160 ℃) and water content (6% -18%) parameters, in a biomass single forming fuel multi-parameter control preparation experiment table, mixing and forming microalgae powder, apple tree pruning branches and corn straws in 6 different proportions (0%, 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100%), and using a response surface method (a response surface method)RSM) is used for evaluating the physical quality and the forming energy consumption of the particles, and the micro-morphology of the mixed sample is tested by combining an electron microscope and infrared representation, so that the optimal composite proportion of 20% of microalgae is obtained, and when the blending amount of the microalgae is 20%, the optimal process parameters of the microalgae-apple tree pruning branch composite biomass forming fuel are as follows: the temperature is 114 ℃, the pressure is 126MPa, the water content is 12 percent, the durability, the density and the forming energy consumption are respectively 97.9 percent and 1392.3kg/m 3 35.6kJ/kg; when the mixing amount of the microalgae is 20%, the optimal process parameters of the microalgae-corn straw composite biomass briquette are as follows: the temperature is 101 ℃, the pressure is 130MPa, the water content is 12 percent, the durability, the density and the forming energy consumption are respectively 97 percent and 1455.2kg/m 3 、27.1kJ/kg。
Shaped fuel combustion characteristics and smoke emission characteristics
Combined analysis (about 10.0 mg) was performed using a Mettler TGA thermogravimetric analyzer and a Saimeri fly IS50 infrared spectrometer. The samples obtained were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis in a mettler TGA thermogravimetric analyzer which accurately recorded the weight loss (TG) and weight loss rate (DTG) curves to evaluate the combustion characteristics of the samples. In each experimental run, to avoid heat and mass transfer limitations, samples of about 10mg of different portions of fuel were loaded into an Al2O3 ceramic crucible at ramp rates of 10, 20, and 30 deg.C/min, with temperatures ranging from 30 deg.C to 800 deg.C. Once the heating temperature reached 105 ℃, it was held for 5 minutes to remove free water from the sample. Although the actual combustion environment of the fuel is complex and varied, to mimic the air environment, during the combustion analysis, a ratio of 8:2 as purge gas, at a flow rate of 100ml/min. The experiment is carried out more than two times under the given condition to ensure that the error of the experimental result is within +/-5 percent. The burning gaseous matter was introduced into the FTIR spectrometer (siemmer fly IS50 infrared spectrometer) without passing through a transmission line. To prevent the transmission line gas from condensing, the transmission line was heated to 250 ℃ prior to the experiment. Data were collected every 11 seconds and the range of observable functional groups ranged from 4000 to 450cm -1 . The resulting TGA data were tested for combustion dynamics analysis.
Through a TG-DTG curve of microalgae combustion, the combustion is mainly divided into three stages: the first stage is in the range of 30-200 ℃, and the separation of water such as free water, bound water and the like mainly occurs; the second stage and the third stage are in a temperature range of 200-550 ℃, which is caused by evaporation and combustion of volatile matters, the second stage and the third stage are main stages of combustion reaction, the weight loss phenomenon is obvious, and the weight loss rate is about 40%; the third stage is 550-650 deg.C, which is due to the burning of charcoal and the decomposition of lipid in microalgae. The TG curve after 650 ℃ approaches the level, indicating that the weight loss process is substantially complete after the third stage. Wherein, according to the DTG curve, the first peak is the separation and combustion peak of volatile components, the second peak appears in the high-temperature area as the combustion peak of fixed carbon and lipid, and the combustion mode is the combined effect of pyrolysis and heterogeneous oxidation.
In contrast, the straw samples had lower firing temperatures than the apple tree pruned branch samples. And the ignition temperature of the microalgae is obviously lower than that of an apple tree pruning branch sample or a corn straw sample. Since the ignition temperature of microalgae is lower, weight loss begins at lower temperatures with the addition of microalgae. Furthermore, the more microalgae in the fuel, the greater the total weight loss. With the increase of the CVP (microalgae) blending ratio, the temperature interval spanned by the weight loss process of the fuel is gradually increased. The temperature span for the ATS (apple tree pruning) and CS (corn stover) fuel weight loss process was minimal when CVP (microalgae) addition was 0% (i.e. no microalgae addition), where ATS (570 ℃ C.) had essentially no change in mass and CS (500 ℃ C.) had essentially no change in mass.
The experiment adopts an NBW-A-1000 biomass briquette combustion experiment system of Jinan (institute of Electrical and electronics Engineers) 28156569, limited, to analyze the pollutant emission characteristics of the biomass briquette after combustion. In the experiment, a flue gas analyzer is used for carrying out online monitoring on pollutants discharged by combustion of a biomass briquette fuel sample, and the conversion rate of S and N released after the sample is combusted is used for evaluating the emission level of the pollutants of the sample.
1) The average activation energy of the composite formed fuel mixed with the microalgae is lower. Using the example of blending microalgae with ATS, the results calculated by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method and the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method were approximately 133.21kJ/mol and 134.60kJ/mol, respectively. The microalgae and the biomass are mixed and combusted to have interaction. The combustion supporting of the microalgae for the composite briquette fuel is mainly embodied in that a large amount of grease contained in the microalgae aggravates the combustion of the biomass briquette fuel. Fuels blended with 20% microalgae can achieve higher overall combustion index (CCI) values than fuels alone. In addition, the composite biomass briquette fuel mixed with 20% of microalgae has a lower activation energy level in the combustion process, which is not only beneficial to ignition, but also beneficial to a more general combustion process, namely the microalgae can promote the combustion of the biomass fuel, and the composite biomass briquette fuel can be considered as an excellent combustion improver for improving the traditional biomass briquette fuel.
2) The analysis of the flue gas after the combustion of the sample shows that the addition of the microalgae leads the SO of the composite forming fuel 2 And the amount of NO production increases. By analysing samples for SO 2 Compared with an NO precipitation instantaneous concentration curve, the sulfur and nitrogen precipitation peak generated by independently burning the apple tree pruning branch sawdust and the corn straw is very small in apple tree pruning branch and is relatively late in appearance time compared with microalgae. With the increase of the content of microalgae, SO is generated by combustion 2 Forward peak time, backward NO peak time, SO 2 The yield and conversion rate of the catalyst are increased continuously, and the N conversion rate is increased and then becomes stable. NO and SO of 20CVP80ATS when the content of microalgae is 20% 2 Respectively, the emission peak values of 3 、98mg/m 3 NO and SO of 20CVP80CS 2 Respectively of 110mg/m 3 、148mg/m 3 It can be seen that when the proportion of microalgae is 20%, the NO emission peak satisfies the emission standard, SO 2 The emission peak is slightly above emission standards.
Shaped fuel economy analysis
An actual production line of certain biomass briquette fuel is selected as a research object, and the currently selected biomass raw materials are apple tree pruning and corn straw (as shown in table 1). Through practical research, the total cost (C) of the biomass briquette fuel mainly comprises the following steps: raw material cost (C1 and C2), energy consumption in the production link (power consumption, C4), and auxiliary cost of labor cost, packaging cost and equipment depreciation cost. In particular, cost balance may be illustrated by FIG. 5.
In addition, in order to improve the economical efficiency of fuel production, based on the research, an optimized process of adding microalgae into a forming raw material group and using microalgae and apple tree pruning branch wood chips for mixed forming is provided. Two schemes for preparing the composite biomass briquette fuel are provided, which respectively comprise the following steps: 80% of corn straw and 20% of microalgae; 80% apple trees were pruned +20% microalgae and the economics of the four schemes were approximated.
TABLE 1 economic analysis lines and optimization scheme Table
Cost per unit calorific value C T (Yuan/MJ/kg), which can be calculated by the formula (1-1):
in the formula (1-1), Q is the actual fuel heat value (MJ/kg), C is the total cost (yuan/kg) of the mixed biological forming fuel, and can be calculated by the formula (1-2):
C＝C 1 *a+C 2 *(1-a)+C 3 +C 4 (1-2)
in the formula (1-2), C 1 For the cost of the microalgae dry powder, 0.42 yuan/kg is taken in the research; a is the microalgae addition ratio; c 2 The cost research of pruning sawdust raw materials and straw raw materials for apple trees is from Qinhui Row clean energy Limited company in Han cities of Shaanxi province; c 3 For the cost of labor, equipment depreciation, packaging and the like, 0.24 yuan/kg is taken, and the actual investigation is conducted by Qiidi Rui Row clean energy Co., ltd in Korean city, shaanxi province; c 4 The cost (yuan/kg) of the consumed electricity fee can be calculated by the following formula (1-3):
C 4 ＝C e *b*(1-η)+C e *(1-b) (1-3)
in the formula (1-3), C e In order to prepare electricity consumption used by the formed fuel, the research shows that the wood formed fuel and the straw formed fuel are respectively 0.26 yuan/kg and 0.23 yuan/kg; b is the power consumption proportion occupied by the molding and pressing process, the study on the wood molding fuel andtaking 0.56 and 0.55 of straw briquette fuel respectively; eta is the energy consumption ratio saved by adding microalgae.
By calculating the cost indexes of different schemes, as can be seen from table 1, taking two optimized products of 20CVP80ATS and 20CVP80CS as an example, although the addition of microalgae slightly increases the cost of fuel by 5% and 1.7%, respectively. However, compared with the solid fuel for pruning branches of apple trees and the solid fuel for straws, the addition of 20% of microalgae can obviously reduce the cost required by the unit calorific value, and based on the investigation and system analysis of the actual production line of certain biomass briquette, the unit calorific value cost of the product formed by pruning branches of apple trees and corn straws under the coordination of microalgae can be respectively reduced by 24.5% and 27% compared with the product without microalgae. And when the addition amount of microalgae is 20%, the density of the composite biomass briquette fuel (20 CVP80CS and 20CVP80 CS) is respectively increased by 8.3% and 1% compared with apple tree pruning and corn straw, and the calorific value is respectively increased by 34.8% and 46%, namely, when the biomass solid fuel is prepared, 20% of microalgae is economically feasible to be mixed.
In general, when the content of microalgae is controlled to be 20%, the forming energy consumption of the microalgae in the preparation process can be obviously reduced, and meanwhile, biomass forming fuel with better physical quality can be obtained without additional modification of equipment. The addition of the microalgae obviously reduces the cost of the unit calorific value of the formed fuel, and the mixed formed fuel has a lower activation energy level in the combustion process, thereby being beneficial to a more general combustion process. As described by Hong Il Choi et al, once the price of microalgae has stabilized due to technological advances, the market prospects of microalgae-based solid fuels will be quite bright. The unit heat value cost of preparing the formed fuel by the forestry and agricultural residues can be obviously reduced by the cooperation of the microalgae, and the technical complexity of the large-scale utilization of the energy microalgae can be greatly reduced.
Although the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation system of coupling microalgae solid carbon biomass briquette fuel is characterized in that: the device comprises a biomass fuel combustion module, a biomass flue gas recovery module, a microalgae cultivation carbon fixation module and a biomass briquette preparation module; the biomass fuel combustion module, the biomass flue gas recovery module, the microalgae cultivation carbon sequestration module and the biomass briquette preparation module are sequentially connected, and the biomass briquette preparation module is connected to the biomass fuel module;
the biomass fuel combustion module comprises a biomass boiler and a chimney, and the biomass flue gas recovery module comprises a flue gas dust removal device, a flue gas cooling device, a flue gas storage tank and a flue gas distribution valve; the microalgae culturing and carbon fixing module comprises a microalgae culturing photobioreactor, and the biomass briquette preparation module comprises a biomass briquette production device;
the biomass in the biomass boiler burns and produces electric energy, heat energy, the flue gas of burning release enters into flue gas dust collector in proper order through the chimney, flue gas heat sink removes dust, the cooling is handled, the flue gas storage after the cooling is in the flue gas holding vessel, and carry to little algae cultivation photobioreactor through the flue gas distributing valve control, little algae cultivation photobioreactor carries out little algae's cultivation and carbon fixation under certain temperature and the illumination in, carbon dioxide fixes in the flue gas, little algae after the carbon fixation gets into in biomass briquette fuel apparatus for producing with agriculture and forestry abandonment living beings in coordination carry out biomass briquette fuel's preparation, the biomass briquette fuel that obtains of preparation is sent into the biomass boiler again and is burnt and provide the energy.
2. The coupled microalgae carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel preparation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the number of the smoke distribution valves and the microalgae culture photobioreactor is a plurality, and the smoke distribution valves correspond to the microalgae culture photobioreactor.
3. The coupled microalgae carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel preparation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the microalgae cultivation photobioreactor is characterized in that a plurality of illuminating lamps are arranged at the top end of the microalgae cultivation photobioreactor, a plurality of tangent double-pipe type photobioreactors are arranged in the microalgae cultivation photobioreactor side by side, a plurality of smoke feeding ports and a sewage feeding port are arranged on the left side of the tangent double-pipe type photobioreactor, the smoke feeding ports and the sewage feeding port are connected with smoke and sewage outside the microalgae cultivation photobioreactor, a plurality of smoke feeding ports and a sewage feeding port are arranged on the right side of the tangent double-pipe type photobioreactor, the smoke of the smoke feeding port is collected and then returned to the smoke feeding port for cyclic utilization until reaching a discharge standard, and the sewage fed to the sewage feeding port can be discharged after passing through a microalgae dehydration device to obtain high-concentration algae liquid and then is fed into the sewage feeding port for cyclic utilization.
4. The coupled microalgae carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel preparation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: biomass briquette fuel apparatus for producing includes little algae hydroextractor, little algae desicator, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass grinder, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass dryer, blender and granulator, little algae that little algae cultivateed the photo-bioreactor and cultivateed carries out dehydration through little algae hydroextractor, little algae desicator, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass is smashed the drying through agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass grinder, agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass dryer, and little algae after the drying and agriculture and forestry abandonment biomass homogeneous mixing in the blender accomplish the back in the granulator and accomplish the granulation then carry to the burning in the biomass boiler.
5. The preparation method of the coupled microalgae carbon-fixing biomass briquette fuel according to claims 1-4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Microalgae self-culture: collecting Chlorella strain (FACHB-1227), placing into 500mL flask containing 250mLBG-11 culture medium, performing photoautotrophic culture, introducing oxygen-enriched air with carbon dioxide content of 5%, and culturing at 25 + -1 deg.C;
2) And (3) microalgae amplification culture: inoculating cultured microalgae cells into culture medium in pipe section of photobioreactor, wherein the culture medium adopted in the pipe section is BG-11, and the inoculation concentration is 0.1g-L -1 Setting the initial pH value of the culture medium at 7.5 +/-0.1, placing the pipe section of the photobioreactor in a constant-temperature water bath box, continuously culturing at 25 +/-1 ℃ for 10 days, and controlling the carbon dioxide ventilation of the photobioreactor to be 5-15%; meanwhile, an external artificial light source is used for illumination, the illumination is 12 hours per day, and the intensity is 53.5 mu mol.m -2 ·s -1 Aerating every 3h for 1h; an aeration phase in which the flow rate of air entering the inner tube of the photobioreactor is set to not less than 0.3vvm, 10 ml of microalgae samples are collected three times per day at 7;
3) Single biomass briquette parameter optimization:
cutting the agriculture and forestry waste biomass material into small blocks of 1mm, crushing microalgae which is subjected to expanded culture in the step 2) to obtain microalgae powder of 200 microns, drying the two raw materials at 105 ℃ for 20 hours, then performing water distribution ratio, molding in a biomass single-molding fuel multi-parameter control preparation experiment table, researching the influence of molding temperature (20-160 ℃), molding pressure (60-200 MPa) and water content (4-18%) on molding quality and molding energy consumption of the raw materials, testing the density, durability and molding energy consumption of the raw materials, establishing a mathematical correlation formula for predicting and describing the relationship between molding parameters and physical quality of particles and molding energy consumption by adopting a response surface multi-objective optimization method (RSM) based on Design Expert 12 software, optimizing the molding parameters, determining the optimal parameters, wherein the optimal parameters of the microalgae molding fuel are as follows: the temperature is 108 ℃, the pressure is 76.2MPa, the water content is 11 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 96.5 percent and 1658.4kg/m 3 9.19kJ/kg; the optimal parameters of the apple tree pruning branch forming fuel are as follows: the temperature is 101.86 ℃, the pressure is 133.49MPa, the water content is 11 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 98.5 percent and 1308.34kg/m 3 43.56kJ/kg; the optimal parameters of the corn straw briquette fuel are as follows: the temperature is 107.95 ℃, the pressure is 163.81MPa, the water content is 11.5 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 96.5 percent and 1360.21kg/m 3 、34.25kJ/kg；
4) Optimizing parameters of the composite biomass briquette:
under different pressure (60-200 MPa), temperature (20-160 ℃) and water content (6% -18%) parameters, in a biomass single forming fuel multi-parameter control preparation experiment table, mixing and forming microalgae powder, apple tree pruning branches and corn straws in 6 different proportions (0%, 20%,40%,60%,80% and 100%), evaluating particle physical quality and forming energy consumption by using a Response Surface Method (RSM), testing the micro morphology of a mixed sample by combining an electron microscope and infrared characterization, obtaining that the mixing amount of the microalgae is 20% as an optimal composite ratio, and when the mixing amount of the microalgae is 20%, the optimal trimming process parameters of the microalgae-apple tree branch composite biomass forming fuel are as follows: the temperature is 114 ℃, the pressure is 126MPa, the water content is 12 percent, the durability, the density and the molding energy consumption are respectively 97.9 percent and 1392.3kg/m 3 35.6kJ/kg; when the mixing amount of the microalgae is 20%, the optimal process parameters of the microalgae-corn straw composite biomass briquette fuel are as follows: the temperature is 101 ℃, the pressure is 130MPa, the water content is 12 percent, the durability, the density and the forming energy consumption are respectively 97 percent and 1455.2kg/m 3 、27.1kJ/kg。
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2022
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| JP2011068832A (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-04-07 | Japan Biomass Corp | Biomass fuel |
| CN102172473A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-09-07 | 李京陆 | Biomass high-temperature smoke treatment method and system |
| CN107176778A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-09-19 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of oily sludge, which is mixed, burns the method that microalgae biomass removes heavy metal |
| CN107365616A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-11-21 | 天津大学 | A kind of preparation method of biomass molding fuel additive |
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