CN115159936A - Plastering mortar and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Plastering mortar and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115159936A CN115159936A CN202210785858.8A CN202210785858A CN115159936A CN 115159936 A CN115159936 A CN 115159936A CN 202210785858 A CN202210785858 A CN 202210785858A CN 115159936 A CN115159936 A CN 115159936A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
- C04B2111/00508—Cement paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses plastering mortar and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the plastering mortar comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-100 parts of engineering waste soil; 5-40 parts of graded sand; 15-35 parts of blast furnace slag; 5-15 parts of fly ash; 1-10 parts of industrial byproduct gypsum; 1-5 parts of redispersible latex powder; 0.1-1 part of fiber; 0.1-0.5 part of organic silicon water repellent; 0.5-3 parts of water reducing agent, wherein the chemical component of the engineering waste soil comprises SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 (ii) a The chemical components of the industrial by-product gypsum comprise CaSO 4 ·2H 2 And O. The raw materials of the plastering mortar are combined together through chemical and physical actions, so that the obtained plastering mortar has the advantages of high strength, small shrinkage, good decorative effect and the like, and has the characteristics of environmental friendliness, low carbon and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment and building materials, in particular to plastering mortar. In addition, the invention also relates to a preparation method and application of the plastering mortar.
Background
The engineering waste soil is a component of construction waste and mainly comes from real estate construction projects, underground pipe gallery projects, subway projects and the like. With the rapid development of urban construction, the engineering waste soil is continuously generated and the total amount is rapidly increased. The main component of the engineering waste soil is clay, which has the characteristics of high viscosity, high water content, high porosity, low activity and the like, the resource recycling difficulty is higher, and the 'waste soil wall city' is formed by mainly disposing the clay in a stacking manner. The waste engineering soil landfill not only occupies a large amount of land resources and pollutes the surrounding environment, but also has potential safety hazards such as landslide and the like, and becomes a great potential hazard threatening the environmental safety and the national life health.
Meanwhile, a large number of historical buildings are built by using raw soil, the appearances of the historical buildings have the characteristics of unique, natural and primitive natural raw soil wall bodies, but in the repair and protection processes of the historical buildings, the buildings built by using other building materials such as bricks, stones, concrete and the like exist in the areas where the historical buildings are located, the inner wall and outer wall decoration of the buildings mostly adopt coatings, ceramic tiles and colored facing mortar, the appearances of the buildings are extremely inconsistent with those of the traditional historical buildings, the overall appearances of the blocks of the historical buildings are seriously damaged, the coatings have the problems of poor durability, more volatile components and the like, the ceramic tiles have the problems of high energy consumption, easiness in falling off and the like, and the colored mortar facing layer has the problems of efflorescence, cracking and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The plastering mortar takes engineering waste soil as a main raw material, and is modified by adopting multi-source solid waste synergy, so that the problems of land occupation, environmental pollution, potential safety hazard, difficulty in meeting the requirements of traditional historic building blocks and antique building appearances and the like by filling the engineering waste soil are solved, and the mechanical strength, durability, cracking resistance and other properties of the mortar are improved.
According to one aspect of the invention, the plastering mortar comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60-100 parts of engineering waste soil; 5-40 parts of graded sand; 15-35 parts of blast furnace slag; 5-15 parts of coal ash; 1-10 parts of industrial byproduct gypsum; 1-5 parts of redispersible latex powder; 0.1-1 part of fiber; 0.1-0.5 part of organosilicon water repellent; 0.5-3 parts of a water reducing agent. Wherein the chemical composition of the engineering waste soil comprises SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 (ii) a The chemical components of the industrial by-product gypsum comprise CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O; the water reducing agent comprises a mixture formed by polymethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer and one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and sodium oxalate; the plastering mortar also comprises M parts by weight of an alkaline activator, wherein the alkaline activator is composed of water glass and NaOH, and M is obtained by calculating the following formulas (1) to (3):
M＝x+y (3)
wherein a is Na in water glass 2 The mass fraction of O is calculated by percentage; b is SiO in water glass 2 In percentage; c is the modulus of the alkali-activator, i.e. SiO in the alkali-activator 2 Mole number of Na 2 The ratio of the O mole number; d is the base equivalent of the basic activator, i.e. Na in the basic activator 2 The ratio of the mass of O to the mass of the active waste slag (blast furnace slag and fly ash) is calculated by percentage; y is the mass of NaOH in parts by weight; and m is the sum of the mass of the blast furnace slag and the mass of the fly ash in parts by weight.
Further, the plastering mortar comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of engineering waste soil; 20-40 parts of graded sand; 21-28 parts of blast furnace slag; 9-12 parts of fly ash; 2-5 parts of industrial by-product gypsum; 1-5 parts of redispersible latex powder; 0.2-0.6 part of fiber; 0.2-0.5 part of organosilicon water repellent; 0.5-2 parts of a water reducing agent.
Further, the graded sand is one or more of natural sand, machine-made sand and recycled fine aggregate.
Further, the blast furnace slag is powdery, and the specific surface area is more than 400m 2 (iv) kg; and/or more than 75% of particles with the particle size of less than 45 mu m in the fly ash.
Further, the industrial byproduct gypsum is one or more of desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, citric acid gypsum and titanium gypsum.
Further, the fiber is one or more of crop straw fiber, alkali-resistant glass fiber and polypropylene fiber, and the length of the fiber is not more than 20mm.
Further, the redispersible emulsion powder is one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride-vinyl laurate terpolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer.
Further, the organosilicon water repellent comprises one or more of sodium methyl silicate and/or potassium methyl silicate.
Further, the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator is 6-10%, and the modulus is 0.8-1.6.
Furthermore, the consistency of the plastering mortar is 60-100mm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for preparing a plastering mortar, comprising the steps of:
(1) Firstly, calculating the mass of NaOH and water glass solution according to the alkali equivalent and the modulus of the alkali activator, then completely dissolving sodium hydroxide in water, uniformly mixing the sodium hydroxide and the water glass, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the alkali activator;
(2) Crushing the engineering waste soil, and then performing wheel milling and mixing on the crushed engineering waste soil, blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial byproduct gypsum to obtain a mixture A;
(3) Mixing the mixture A with graded sand, an alkaline activator and a water reducing agent to obtain a mixture B;
(4) And mixing the mixture B with redispersible latex powder, fibers and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain the plastering mortar.
According to another aspect of the invention, the application of the plastering mortar or the plastering mortar prepared by the preparation method in building wall plastering and finishing mortar is also provided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The plastering mortar prepared from the raw material engineering waste soil, the graded sand, the blast furnace slag, the fly ash, the industrial byproduct gypsum, the redispersible latex powder, the fiber, the organic silicon water repellent, the water reducing agent and the alkaline excitant has the occupation ratio of the engineering waste soil of up to 80 percent, can greatly utilize the engineering waste soil and improve the resource utilization ratio of the engineering waste soil, thereby reducing the occupied land, polluting the environment and bringing potential safety hazard, and having good social effect and environmental effect.
(2) The engineering waste soil has rich natural colors, has the characteristics of large viscosity, high porosity and strong water absorption capacity, is plastering mortar prepared by taking the engineering waste soil as a main raw material, does not need to add pigment and a water-retaining agent, has higher cohesive force, keeps the nature, shows natural and primitive aesthetic feeling, has good decorative effect, and can be used for decorating walls of archaized buildings in traditional historic building blocks and scenic spots.
(3) The engineering waste soil is modified by the cooperation of blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial by-product gypsum, under the action of an alkaline activator, an aluminosilicate glass network structure is firstly depolymerized and then polycondensed to form se:Sub>A stable three-dimensional macromolecular structure, the industrial by-product gypsum reacts with C-A-H to generate an expansive hydration product, and all raw materials are tightly combined together through chemical and physical actions, so that the mechanical strength, durability and cracking resistance of the plastering mortar are improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a topographical view of plastering mortar obtained in example 1 after plastering;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the plastering mortar obtained in comparative example 1 after plastering;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the plastering mortar obtained in comparative example 2 after plastering;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the influence of alkali equivalent of the alkali-activator of comparative example 3 on the performance of a plastering mortar;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of modulus of the alkali-stimulant of comparative example 4 on the performance of the plastering mortar.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
For the sake of brevity, only a few numerical ranges are explicitly disclosed herein. However, any lower limit may be combined with any upper limit to form ranges not explicitly recited; and any lower limit may be combined with any other lower limit to form a range not explicitly recited, and similarly any upper limit may be combined with any other upper limit to form a range not explicitly recited. Also, although not explicitly recited, each point or individual value between endpoints of a range is encompassed within the range. Thus, each point or individual value may, as its lower or upper limit, be combined with any other point or individual value or with other lower or upper limits to form ranges not explicitly recited.
In the description herein, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "above" and "below" are inclusive, and "a plurality" of "one or more" means two or more.
Embodiments of the first aspect of the present application provide a plastering mortar, which includes the following components in parts by weight:
60-100 parts of engineering waste soil; 5-40 parts of graded sand; 15-35 parts of blast furnace slag; 5-15 parts of fly ash; 1 to 10 portions of industrial byproduct gypsum; 1-5 parts of redispersible latex powder; 0.1-1 part of fiber; 0.1-0.5 part of organosilicon water repellent; 0.5-3 parts of a water reducing agent. Wherein the chemical composition of the engineering waste soil comprises SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 (ii) a The chemical components of the industrial by-product gypsum comprise CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O; the water reducing agent comprises a mixture formed by polymethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer and one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and sodium oxalate; the plastering mortar also comprises M parts by weight of an alkaline activator, wherein the alkaline activator is composed of water glass and NaOH, and M is obtained by calculating the following formulas (1) to (3):
M＝x+y (3)
wherein a is Na in water glass 2 The mass fraction of O is calculated by percentage; b is SiO in water glass 2 In percentage; c is the modulus of the alkali activator, i.e. SiO in the alkali activator 2 Mole number and Na 2 The ratio of the O mole number; d is the base equivalent of the basic activator, i.e. Na in the basic activator 2 The ratio of the mass of O to the mass of the active waste residue (blast furnace slag and fly ash) is calculated by percentage; x is the mass of the water glass in parts by weight; y is the mass of NaOH in parts by weight; and m is the sum of the mass of the blast furnace slag and the mass of the fly ash in parts by weight.
The plastering mortar of the invention comprises: engineering waste soil and gradingSand, blast furnace slag, fly ash, industrial by-product gypsum, redispersible latex powder, fiber, an organic silicon water repellent, a water reducing agent and an alkaline activator. The engineering waste soil is modified by the cooperation of blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial by-product gypsum, and the redispersible latex powder, the fiber, the organic silicon water repellent, the water reducing agent and the alkaline activator are added, so that the resource utilization of the engineering waste soil is realized, and the mechanical strength, durability and cracking resistance of the plastering mortar are improved. Wherein, the blast furnace slag and the fly ash are coated on the surface of clay particles to release Ca in alkaline solution 2+ 、Al 3+ High valence cations, na adsorbed on the surface of clay particles + 、K + And (3) carrying out ion exchange to reduce the Zeta potential on the surface of the clay particles, and reducing the thickness of a double electric layer on the surface of the clay particles, so that the acting force among the soil particles is increased, and the clay particles are promoted to agglomerate. Meanwhile, activated calcium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and the like in blast furnace slag and fly ash generate gelled substances such as C-S-H, C-A-S-H, N-A-S-H and the like under the action of an alkaline excitant, and clay particles and graded sand are wrapped and bonded together; with the continuous consumption and dissipation of water, the concentration of the alkaline activator in the pore solution is increased, the active ingredients of minerals in the clay particles react with gelled substances such as C-S-H, C-A-S-H, N-A-S-H and the like under the action of the alkaline activator to generate flaky, fibrous or needle crystals, the connection effect between the particles and the gelled substances is further increased, and se:Sub>A stable net structure is formed. The graded sand plays a skeleton role in the hardened body structure, can reduce the viscosity of the engineering waste soil, can improve the strength of the hardened body, can reduce the shrinkage of the matrix and improve the flow property of the matrix. The industrial byproduct gypsum reacts with C-A-H to generate an expansive hydration product ettringite which fills the pores in the hardened body structure, improves the compactness of the hardened body, can compensate the shrinkage of the matrix caused by water evaporation, and reduces the shrinkage and cracking of the matrix; the fibers are distributed in a three-dimensional disorientation manner in the hardened body structure, so that the stability of the net structure is further improved, a certain tensile stress can be borne, the cracks generated by the shrinkage of the matrix are reduced, and the expansion of the cracks is prevented or slowed down. The redispersible latex powder has high adhesive property and film forming property, and can improve the adhesion among clay particlesThe polymer film formed by the polymer film can effectively block the capillary pipeline in the hardened body structure, thereby improving the waterproof performance of the plastering mortar and increasing the flexibility of the plastering mortar. The organosilicon water repellent can form a firm hydrophobic reticular siloxane molecular film on the pore space of a hardened body structure or the wall of a capillary pipeline, water is difficult to spread on the siloxane molecular film due to low surface tension, so that a good hydrophobic effect is shown, and the organosilicon water repellent cannot block the pore space and the capillary pipeline, namely the air permeability and the breathing performance of the plastering mortar are not influenced. The inorganic component in the water reducing agent can increase the thickness of an electric double layer of clay particles, increase the side-to-side or side-to-side repulsive force of the clay particles, prevent the clay particles from contacting with each other, keep the clay particles in a dispersed structure and release the coated free water; the molecular side chain is extremely short, so that the situation that the effective concentration of the water reducing agent in a liquid phase is reduced and the dispersion effect of the water reducing agent is reduced due to the fact that the side chain is chemically embedded into the interlayer of clay particles can be avoided; inorganic and organic components in the water reducing agent act synergistically, and the cement and clay particles are promoted to be mutually dispersed by depending on the electrostatic repulsion action of molecules, so that the coated free water is released, and the mixture can obtain better flowing property under the condition of reducing the water-cement ratio.
The plastering mortar has the advantages of high strength, good durability, small shrinkage and the like due to the synergistic effect of the raw materials and the close combination of chemical and physical effects, has good decorative effect and certain functions of heat preservation, heat insulation and indoor humidity regulation, and realizes the high value-added utilization of solid waste resources. The plastering mortar fully utilizes the characteristics of rich natural colors, large viscosity, high porosity and strong water absorption capacity of the engineering waste soil and the synergistic effect of multi-source solid wastes, provides technical support for treating wastes with processes of wastes against one another and changing wastes into valuables, can consume a large amount of solid wastes, reduces the production cost, can develop new products for the field of building materials, meets the construction requirements of the resource-saving and environment-friendly society, and has good ecological benefit, social benefit and economic benefit.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to further improve the comprehensive performance of the plastering mortar, the plastering mortar comprises 60-80 parts of engineering waste soil; 20-40 parts of graded sand; 21-28 parts of blast furnace slag; 9-12 parts of fly ash; 2-5 parts of industrial by-product gypsum; 1-5 parts of redispersible latex powder; 0.2-0.6 part of fiber; 0.2-0.5 part of organosilicon water repellent; 0.5-2 parts of a water reducing agent.
In the embodiment of the invention, the engineering waste soil can be shield waste soil, such as shield waste soil generated in the process of building a subway, the free water content of the shield waste soil is 38.4%, the liquid limit is 41.4%, the plastic limit is 26.4%, the plasticity index is 15.0, the water content of bound water is 7.2%, the median particle size is 7.351 microns, and the main mineral components are quartz, muscovite and kaolinite. Therefore, the shield muck has high water content, strong water absorption capacity, small particle size, clay mineral as a main mineral component, stable performance and larger viscosity, and is in a soft plastic or flow plastic state.
In an embodiment of the invention, the graded sand is one or more of natural sand, machine-made sand and recycled fine aggregate. The graded sand of the components plays a role of a framework in a hardened body structure, not only can improve the strength of the hardened body, but also can reduce the shrinkage and improve the flow property of the hardened body, and the mixing amount of the graded sand can be adjusted according to the sand content in the engineering waste soil.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the blast furnace slag is in a powdery form and has a specific surface area of more than 400m 2 Per kg; and/or more than 75% of particles with the particle size of less than 45 mu m in the fly ash.
According to the embodiment of the application, the blast furnace slag and the fly ash have potential hydration activity, the hydration reaction is very slow, the activity needs to be improved in order to meet the requirement of early strength, and the method for improving the activity is mainly mechanical activation and chemical excitation. Mechanical activation refers to that the specific surface area and the surface energy of the powder are increased and the activity is improved by grinding the powder and changing the particle size, the granularity, the shape and the chemical bond force of the particles. When the specific surface area of the blast furnace slag is more than 400m 2 When the particle diameter of the fly ash is more than 75% and less than 45 mu m, the activity ratio is higher, the fly ash can quickly react under the action of an alkaline excitant, and higher early strength is generated.
In an embodiment of the invention, the industrial byproduct gypsum is one or more of desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, citric acid gypsum and titanium gypsum. The industrial by-product gypsum of the components reacts with C-A-H in se:Sub>A system to generate an expansive hydration product ettringite, the expansive hydration product ettringite can be filled in pores in se:Sub>A hardened body structure, the compactness of the hardened body is improved, and the shrinkage of se:Sub>A matrix caused by water evaporation can be compensated, so that the shrinkage and cracking of mortar are reduced.
In an embodiment of the invention, the fibers comprise one or more of crop straw fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers and polypropylene fibers, and the length of the fibers does not exceed 20mm.
According to the embodiment of the application, the fibers can improve the cracking resistance of the plastering mortar and overcome the defects of large shrinkage and easy cracking of the soil-based building material product. The length of the fiber is not more than 20mm, which is beneficial to the uniform dispersion of the fiber in the matrix, thereby more effectively preventing the generation and the expansion of micro-cracks in the matrix, improving the anti-cracking performance of the product and reducing the shrinkage rate of the matrix.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the water reducing agent comprises a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer and one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and sodium oxalate. The inorganic components of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and sodium oxalate can increase the thickness of an electric double layer of clay particles, increase the side-to-side or side-to-side repulsive force of the clay particles, prevent the clay particles from contacting with each other, keep a dispersion structure and release the coated free water; the molecular side chain of the organic component polymethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer is extremely short, so that the situation that the effective concentration of the water reducing agent in a liquid phase is reduced and the dispersion effect of the water reducing agent is reduced due to the fact that the side chain is chemically embedded into the interlayer of clay particles can be avoided. The inorganic and organic components have synergistic effect, and the electrostatic repulsion effect of the molecules promotes the mutual dispersion of cement and clay particles to release the coated free water, so that the mixture can obtain better flowing property under the condition of reducing the water-cement ratio.
In the embodiment of the invention, the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator is 6-10%, and the modulus is 0.8-1.6.
According to the embodiment of the present application, the alkali equivalent and the modulus of the alkali-activator are the main factors affecting the depolymerization and polymerization of the aluminosilicate glass network structure in the blast furnace slag and the fly ash, and the required alkali equivalent and the modulus can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of the water glass and the NaOH. When the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator is too low, the aluminosilicate glass body in the blast furnace slag and the fly ash is slowly dissolved, and less Si and Al ions are released, so that free SiO ions are formed 4 ] 4- And [ AlO ] 4 ] 5 Less amorphous gel and crystalline structure, and lower strength of the hardened body; along with the continuous increase of alkali equivalent, the dissolution of aluminosilicate glass bodies in blast furnace slag and fly ash is accelerated, the released Si and Al ions are gradually increased, and the formed free [ SiO ] ions 4 ] 4- And [ AlO ] 4 ] 5- The amount of the alkali equivalent is too large, and more free SiO ions are formed due to more dissolved Si and Al ions in the aluminosilicate glass body in the blast furnace slag and the fly ash 4 ] 4- And [ AlO ] 4 ] 5- In a short time [ SiO ] 4 ] 4- And [ AlO 4 ] 5- Condensation polymerization reaction with Ca 2+ The combination of the two components forms a hardened product which is wrapped on the surfaces of undissolved blast furnace slag and fly ash particles, so that the dissolution of aluminosilicate glass bodies in the blast furnace slag and the fly ash is hindered, and the content of unreacted blast furnace slag and fly ash particles is increased. The lower the modulus of the alkaline activator is, the more NaOH needs to be added, but the excessive NaOH can inhibit the dissolution of aluminosilicate glass in blast furnace slag and fly ash and inhibit the polymerization reaction; free SiO formed with increasing modulus 4 ] 4- The increase is beneficial to the formation of a structure with high polymerization degree in the polymerization reaction, but when the modulus is too large, the viscosity of the alkaline activator solution is larger, the hardening time of the mixed slurry is faster, and the dissolution of aluminosilicate vitreous bodies in blast furnace slag and fly ash is not beneficial.
In the embodiment of the invention, the organosilicon water repellent is sodium methyl silicate and/or potassium methyl silicate.
According to the embodiment of the application, the organosilicon water repellent can form a firm hydrophobic reticular siloxane molecular film on the pore or capillary channel wall of the hardened body structure, water is difficult to spread on the siloxane molecular film due to low surface tension, so that a good hydrophobic effect is shown, and the organosilicon water repellent can not block the pore or the capillary channel, namely, the air permeability and the breathing performance of the plastering mortar can not be influenced.
In the embodiment of the invention, the consistency of the plastering mortar is 60-100mm.
According to the embodiment of the application, the consistency of the plastering mortar is 60-100mm, so that the construction of the plastering mortar is facilitated, the construction efficiency of the plastering mortar is improved, and a good construction effect is kept; meanwhile, as the consistency of the plastering mortar reaches 60-100mm, and a proper amount of water is required to be added when the plastering mortar is mixed, the engineering waste soil does not need to be dehydrated, thereby further saving the production cost.
The embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of plastering mortar, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, calculating the mass of NaOH and water glass solution according to the alkali equivalent and the modulus of the alkali activator, then completely dissolving sodium hydroxide in water, uniformly mixing the sodium hydroxide and the water glass, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the alkali activator;
(2) Crushing the engineering waste soil, and then performing wheel milling and mixing on the crushed engineering waste soil, blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial byproduct gypsum to obtain a mixture A;
(3) Uniformly mixing the mixture A with graded sand, an alkaline activator and a water reducing agent to obtain a mixture B;
(4) And uniformly mixing the mixture B with redispersible latex powder, fibers and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain the plastering mortar.
The engineering waste soil used in the plastering mortar provided by the invention is not required to be dehydrated, and the dehydration-free resource utilization of the high-moisture-content engineering waste soil is provided, so that the production process is simplified, and the production cost is further reduced. The specific reasons are as follows:
1. in the plastering mortar construction, in order to facilitate the plastering mortar operation, improve the construction efficiency and ensure the construction quality, the plastering mortar is required to have good working performance, namely the plastering mortar is required to have higher consistency, so that more water is required to be added when the plastering mortar is mixed. The high-water-content engineering waste soil such as shield muck (the water content of the shield muck can reach 80 percent at most) is in a soft plastic or flow plastic state, and has certain fluidity, and the construction requirement can be met without adding water or a small amount of water, so that dehydration treatment is not required firstly.
2. The invention adopts blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial by-product gypsum to cooperatively modify the engineering waste soil, adds a proper alkaline activator to fully excite the activity of raw materials, leads an aluminosilicate glass network structure to be depolymerized and then condensed to form a stable three-dimensional macromolecular structure, and leads the obtained plastering mortar to have higher mechanical strength, better durability and crack resistance through the close combination of chemical and physical actions, and can obtain better comprehensive performance under the condition of higher water-cement ratio, and the production cost is lower because the main raw materials are solid wastes.
The preparation method can be used for preparing the plastering mortar in the embodiment of the first aspect of the application.
In some embodiments, the method of making comprises: firstly, dissolving sodium hydroxide in water, then uniformly mixing with water glass, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an alkaline activator; then, crushing the engineering waste soil by a roll crusher until the particle size is less than 4.75mm, and then rolling and mixing the engineering waste soil, blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial byproduct gypsum in an edge runner mill to obtain a mixture A; then, uniformly mixing the mixture A with the graded sand, the alkaline activator and the water reducing agent to obtain a mixture B; and finally, uniformly mixing the mixture B with redispersible latex powder, fibers and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain the plastering mortar.
The sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water, then is uniformly mixed with the water glass and is cooled to room temperature, so that the problem that the local condensation and hardening of the mixed slurry are too fast due to large heat release when the sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the water can be avoided. The engineering waste soil is crushed to the particle size of less than 4.75mm, because the excavated engineering waste soil usually contains a certain amount of stones, the particle size is kept in a reasonable range by crushing the engineering waste soil through a roll crusher, the uniformity of the engineering waste soil particles is improved, and the quality of plastering mortar is favorably ensured. Grinding and mixing the crushed engineering waste soil, blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial by-product gypsum in an edge runner mill, wherein on one hand, the engineering waste soil is difficult to be uniformly mixed with other materials due to larger viscosity, and the edge runner mill can make the engineering waste soil forcibly contact with the other materials, so that the materials are uniformly mixed; on the other hand, the edge runner mill further crushes and refines the materials, increases the natural continuous gradation of coarse particles, and destroys the aluminosilicate vitreous body network structure in the materials through the friction between the particles, thereby improving the activity of the aluminosilicate vitreous body network structure.
The preparation process of the plastering mortar is simple, and the equipment investment is less; the engineering waste soil is modified by the cooperation of multi-source solid wastes, cement is not required to be added, and the method has the characteristics of low energy consumption and low carbon emission; the engineering waste soil dehydration-free process is adopted, so that the production process can be simplified, and the production cost is further reduced.
The embodiment of the second aspect of the present application provides an application of the plastering mortar or the plastering mortar prepared by the above preparation method in building wall plastering and finishing mortar.
The plastering mortar has the advantages of good decorative effect, low manufacturing cost and the like when being applied to plastering and facing mortar of building walls, and has certain functions of heat preservation, heat insulation and indoor humidity adjustment.
Examples
The present disclosure is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrative only, since various modifications and changes within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used directly without further treatment, and the equipment used in the examples is commercially available.
Example 1
The embodiment provides plastering mortar which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of engineering waste soil by dry weight, 14 parts of blast furnace slag, 6 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of natural sand, 6 parts of phosphogypsum, 5 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder, 0.6 part of crop straw fiber, 0.3 part of sodium methyl silicate, 1.5 parts of water reducing agent and alkaline activator, wherein the alkaline activator consists of sodium hydroxide and water glass solution, and the Na of the water glass solution is sodium hydroxide 2 O、SiO 2 The contents are respectively 8% and 27%, the modulus of the alkali-activator is 1.2, and the alkali equivalent is 8%.
The preparation method of the plastering mortar comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the mass of the required NaOH and water glass solution according to the modulus and alkali equivalent of the required alkali activator and formulas (1) and (2):
wherein a is Na in water glass 2 The mass fraction of O is calculated by percentage; b is SiO in water glass 2 The mass fraction of (a) is calculated by percentage; c is the modulus of the alkali-activator; d is the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator, and is calculated by percentage; x is the mass of the water glass in parts by weight; y is the mass of NaOH in parts by weight; and m is the sum of the mass of the blast furnace slag and the mass of the fly ash in parts by weight.
X =6.9 parts and y =1.4 parts can be calculated by formulas (1) and (2); mass M = x + y of the alkali-activator, and M =8.3 parts was obtained.
S2, dissolving sodium hydroxide in water, uniformly mixing with water glass, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an alkaline activator;
s3, crushing the engineering waste soil until the particle size is smaller than 4.75mm, and then rolling and mixing the engineering waste soil with blast furnace slag, fly ash and phosphogypsum in an edge runner mill to obtain a mixture A;
s4, uniformly mixing the alkaline activator obtained in the step S2 with the mixture A, the graded sand and the water reducing agent obtained in the step S3 to obtain a mixture B;
and S5, uniformly mixing the mixture B obtained in the step S4 with redispersible latex powder, fibers and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain the plastering mortar. The plastering mortar is plastered on a wall, and the appearance after being exposed in the natural environment for 3 months is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from figure 1, the plastering mortar has a smooth surface, no cracking, alkali reversion and the like, is firmly bonded with a matrix, has no shedding phenomenon, has natural and primitive natural colors and has good decorative effect.
Example 2
The embodiment provides plastering mortar which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 70 parts of engineering waste soil by dry weight, 17 parts of blast furnace slag, 8 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of machine-made sand, 3 parts of citric acid gypsum, 3 parts of ethylene-vinyl chloride-vinyl laurate terpolymer emulsion powder, 0.4 part of alkali-resistant glass fiber, 0.3 part of potassium methyl silicate, 1.0 part of water reducing agent and an alkali activator consisting of sodium hydroxide and a water glass solution, wherein the Na of the water glass solution 2 O、SiO 2 The contents are respectively 8% and 27%, the water glass modulus of the alkali activator is 1.0, and the alkali equivalent is 8%.
The preparation method of the plastering mortar comprises the following steps:
s1, using the same formula as in example 1 and substituting the above data, calculating to obtain 7.2 parts by weight of water glass solution, 1.8 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 9.0 parts by weight of alkaline activator;
s2, dissolving sodium hydroxide in water, uniformly mixing with water glass, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an alkaline activator;
s3, crushing the engineering waste soil until the particle size is smaller than 4.75mm, and then rolling and mixing the engineering waste soil with blast furnace slag, fly ash and phosphogypsum in an edge runner mill to obtain a mixture A;
s4, uniformly mixing the alkaline activator obtained in the step S2 with the mixture A, the graded sand and the water reducing agent obtained in the step S3 to obtain a mixture B;
s5, uniformly mixing the mixture B obtained in the step S4 with redispersible latex powder, fibers and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain the plastering mortar
Example 3
The embodiment provides plastering mortar which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 75 parts of engineering waste soil by dry weight, 21 parts of blast furnace slag, 9 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of recycled fine aggregate, 4 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 5 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer emulsion powder, 0.3 part of polypropylene fiber, 0.3 part of sodium methyl silicate, 1.0 part of water reducing agent and an alkaline activator consisting of sodium hydroxide and water glass solution, wherein the Na of the water glass solution 2 O、SiO 2 The contents are respectively 8% and 27%, the water glass modulus of the alkali activator is 1.5, and the alkali equivalent is 10%.
The preparation method of the plastering mortar comprises the following steps:
s1, using the same formula as in example 1 and substituting the data, calculating to obtain 16.1 parts by weight of water glass solution, 2.2 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide and 18.3 parts by weight of alkali activator;
s2, dissolving sodium hydroxide in water, uniformly mixing with water glass, and cooling to room temperature to obtain an alkaline activator;
s3, crushing the engineering waste soil until the particle size is smaller than 4.75mm, and then rolling and mixing the engineering waste soil with blast furnace slag, fly ash and phosphogypsum in an edge runner mill to obtain a mixture A;
s4, uniformly mixing the alkaline activator obtained in the step S2 with the mixture A, the graded sand and the water reducing agent obtained in the step S3 to obtain a mixture B;
and S5, uniformly mixing the mixture B obtained in the step S4 with redispersible latex powder, fibers and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain the plastering mortar.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example provides a plastering mortar which, compared with example 1, does not contain fibers and gypsum as an industrial by-product in the raw materials, and the other raw materials and the preparation method are the same as those of example 1. The appearance of the plastering mortar after being exposed to the natural environment for 3 months after plastering construction on a building wall is shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the surface of the plastering mortar not doped with the fibers and the industrial by-product gypsum showed many cracks and saltpetering phenomena, which are caused by: the water absorption capacity of the engineering waste soil is high, and after plastering construction is finished, water is continuously evaporated to cause matrix shrinkage and shrinkage stress, so that more cracks are generated. Rainwater enters the mortar along with the cracks, alkaline salt is brought out and is crystallized on the surface of the mortar, and thus, the phenomenon of alkali return is formed.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example provides a plastering mortar, which contains no fiber in the raw materials, and the other raw materials and the preparation method are the same as those of example 1, compared with example 1. The appearance of the plastering mortar after being exposed to the natural environment for 3 months after plastering construction on a building wall is shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the plastering mortar without fibers has cracks locally, but the number of cracks is much smaller than that in fig. 2, and the alkali return phenomenon does not occur. Therefore, the addition of the industrial by-product gypsum can reduce mortar cracking and inhibit the occurrence of the alkali return phenomenon, and the reasons are as follows: the chemical component of the industrial by-product gypsum is CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O reacts with C-A-H to generate an expansive hydration product ettringite which can fill the pores in the hardened body structure and compensate the shrinkage of the matrix caused by water evaporation, thereby reducing the shrinkage and cracking of the mortar.
The performance of the plastering mortar prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 was tested with reference to the national current standard ready-mixed mortar (GB/T25181-2019), and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
From the test results, the water retention rate, the compressive strength, the 14d tensile bonding strength, the 28d shrinkage and the frost resistance of the plastering mortar prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention all meet the requirements of various strength grades of wet-mixed common plastering mortar in premixed mortar (GB/T25181-2019), the plastering mortar can be used for plastering internal and external walls of buildings, and the main raw material of the plastering mortar is engineering waste soil and has the characteristics of rich natural color, high porosity and strong water absorption capacity, so the plastering mortar has the advantages of good decoration effect, low manufacturing cost and the like, has the functions of heat preservation, heat insulation and indoor humidity adjustment, and has wide application prospect. The water retention rate and the compressive strength of the plastering mortar prepared in the comparative examples 1-2 meet the requirements of M5.0 of wet-mixed common plastering mortar in premixed mortar (GB/T25181-2019), but the tensile bonding strength and the frost resistance of the plastering mortar are obviously reduced due to large shrinkage.
Comparative example 3
To analyze the effect of the alkali equivalent of the alkali-activator on the performance of the plastering mortar of the present invention, this example provides a comparative example of example 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of engineering waste soil by dry weight, 14 parts of blast furnace slag, 6 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of natural sand, 6 parts of phosphogypsum, 5 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder, 0.6 part of crop straw fiber, 0.3 part of sodium methyl silicate, 1.5 parts of water reducing agent and alkaline activator, wherein the alkaline activator consists of NaOH and water glass solution, and the Na of the water glass solution 2 O、SiO 2 The contents were 8% and 27%, respectively, the modulus of the alkali-activating agent was 1.2, and the alkali equivalent was 4%, 6%, and 8% (i.e., example 1), 10%, and 12%, respectively. The preparation procedure was the same as in example 1. The prepared plastering mortar is subjected to performance test according to premixed mortar (GB/T25181-2019), and the performance test result is shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator has a great influence on the compressive strength of the plastering mortar, and tends to increase and then decrease with the increase of the alkali equivalent, when the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator is 8%, the compressive strength of the sample is the maximum, and when the alkali equivalent is 4%, 6%, 10%, 12%, the compressive strength thereof decreases by 17.6%, 4.4%, 2.9%, 10.3%, respectively. Therefore, when the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator is 6-10%, the change range of the compressive strength of the plastering mortar is small, and when the alkali equivalent is less than 6% or more than 10%, the reduction range of the compressive strength is obvious.
Comparative example 4
To comparatively analyze the effect of the modulus of the alkaline-trigger on the properties of the plastering mortar of the present invention, a comparative example of example 1 is provided, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 75 parts of engineering waste soil by dry weight, 14 parts of blast furnace slag, 6 parts of fly ash, 25 parts of natural sand, 6 parts of phosphogypsum, 5 parts of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer latex powder, 0.6 part of crop straw fiber, 0.3 part of sodium methyl silicate, 1.5 parts of water reducing agent and alkaline activator, wherein the alkaline activator consists of NaOH and water glass solution, and Na of the water glass solution 2 O、SiO 2 The contents were 8% and 27%, respectively, the alkali equivalent of the alkali-activating agent was 8%, and the moduli were 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 (i.e., example 1), 1.4, and 1.6, respectively. The preparation procedure was the same as in example 1. The prepared plastering mortar is subjected to performance test according to premixed mortar (GB/T25181-2019), and the performance test result is shown in FIG. 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the modulus of the alkali-activator has a large influence on the compressive strength of the plastering mortar, and the modulus of the alkali-activator tends to increase and then decrease, and when the modulus of the alkali-activator is 1.2, the compressive strength of the sample is the largest, and when the alkali equivalent is 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 2.0, the compressive strength thereof decreases by 35.3%, 13.2%, 8.8%, 27.9%, respectively. From this fact, it is found that when the modulus of the alkali-activator is 0.8 to 1.6, the variation in the compressive strength of the plastering mortar is small, and when the modulus is less than 0.8 or more than 1.6, the decrease in the compressive strength is remarkable.
While the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the present application, and in particular, features shown in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there is no structural conflict. The present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein, but rather to cover all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The plastering mortar is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
60-100 parts of engineering waste soil; 5-40 parts of graded sand; 15-35 parts of blast furnace slag; 5-15 parts of fly ash; 1-10 parts of industrial byproduct gypsum; 1-10 parts of redispersible latex powder; 0.1-1 part of fiber; 0.1-0.5 part of organic silicon water repellent; 0.5-3 parts of a water reducing agent. Wherein the chemical composition of the engineering spoil comprises SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 (ii) a The chemical components of the industrial byproduct gypsum comprise CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O; the water reducing agent comprises a mixture formed by polymethyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer and one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate and sodium oxalate; the plastering mortar also comprises M parts by weight of an alkaline activator, wherein the alkaline activator consists of water glass and NaOH, and M is obtained by calculating the following formulas (1) to (3):
M＝x+y (3)
wherein a is Na in water glass 2 The mass fraction of O is calculated by percentage; b is SiO in water glass 2 In percentage; c is the modulus of the alkali-activator; d is the alkali equivalent of the alkali-activator, and is calculated by percentage; x is the mass of the water glass in parts by weight; y is the mass of NaOH in parts by weight; and m is the sum of the mass of the blast furnace slag and the mass of the fly ash in parts by weight.
2. The plastering mortar of claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60-80 parts of engineering waste soil; 20-40 parts of graded sand; 21-28 parts of blast furnace slag; 9-12 parts of coal ash; 2-5 parts of industrial by-product gypsum; 1-5 parts of redispersible latex powder; 0.2-0.6 part of fiber; 0.2-0.5 part of organosilicon water repellent; 0.5-2 parts of a water reducing agent.
3. The plastering mortar of claim 1, wherein the graded sand is one or more of natural sand, machine-made sand, and recycled fine aggregate.
4. The plastering mortar of claim 1, wherein the blast furnace slag is in a powdery form and has a specific surface area of more than 400m 2 Per kg; and/or the presence of a gas in the atmosphere,
the fly ash contains more than 75% of particles with the particle size of less than 45 mu m.
5. The plastering mortar of claim 1, wherein the industrial by-product gypsum is one or more of desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, citric acid gypsum and titanium gypsum; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the redispersible latex powder is one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl chloride-vinyl laurate terpolymer and ethylene-vinyl acetate-higher fatty acid vinyl ester terpolymer.
6. The plastering mortar of claim 1, wherein the fibers are one or more of crop straw fibers, alkali-resistant glass fibers, and polypropylene fibers; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the length of the fibers does not exceed 20mm.
7. The plastering mortar of claim 1, wherein the silicone hydrophober comprises sodium methyl silicate and/or potassium methyl silicate; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the alkali equivalent of the alkali activator is 6-10%, and the modulus is 0.8-1.6.
8. Plastering mortar according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the consistency of the plastering mortar is 60 to 100mm.
9. A method for preparing the plastering mortar of any of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
(1) Firstly, calculating the mass of NaOH and water glass solution according to the alkali equivalent and the modulus of the alkali activator, then completely dissolving sodium hydroxide in water, uniformly mixing the sodium hydroxide and the water glass, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the alkali activator;
(2) Crushing the engineering waste soil, and then performing wheel milling and mixing on the crushed engineering waste soil, blast furnace slag, fly ash and industrial byproduct gypsum to obtain a mixture A;
(3) Uniformly mixing the mixture A with graded sand, an alkaline activator and a water reducing agent to obtain a mixture B;
(4) And uniformly mixing the mixture B with redispersible latex powder, fibers and an organic silicon water repellent to obtain the plastering mortar.
10. Use of the plastering mortar of any one of claims 1 to 8 or prepared by the preparation method of claim 9 in plastering and finishing mortar for building walls.
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