CN115159685A - River and lake water ecosystem construction method - Google Patents
River and lake water ecosystem construction method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F7/00—Aeration of stretches of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a river and lake water ecological system, which comprises eight steps of pipe network general survey, pipe network restoration, point pollution source restoration and treatment, surface pollution source restoration and treatment, endogenous treatment, bottom mud resource utilization, self-purification capacity cultivation, long-acting management mechanism establishment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water ecological restoration and treatment, in particular to a method for constructing a river and lake water ecological system.
Background
With the development of social economy, the pollution degree of a considerable number of rivers and lakes is more and more serious, and the development of local social economy is restricted to a certain extent. At present, the ecological restoration engineering of river and lake water adopts engineering methods of water diversion and water changing, ecological dredging, aeration and oxygenation, microbial inoculum spreading and the like to carry out remediation and restoration on the lake water ecology, the method cannot effectively restore the self-purification capacity of the river and the lake, can only temporarily solve the pollutants of the water body, cannot fundamentally solve the eutrophication development of the river and the lake water body, and is easy to cause secondary pollution of the river and the lake water body, the above engineering methods cannot construct a set of complete ecological system of the river and the lake, cannot absorb the pollutants entering the river and the lake subsequently, and cannot fundamentally restore the self-purification capacity of the river and the lake.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a method for constructing a river and lake water ecosystem, which overcomes the defect of treating river and lake water environments by adopting a single engineering method, focuses on constructing complete river and lake water ecology, recovers the self-cleaning capacity of the river and lake, combines the prevention and control of the early-stage polluted water body with the self-cleaning capacity of the river and lake, ensures that the self-cleaning capacity of the river and lake can absorb pollutants finally entering the river and lake, and ensures that the river and lake stably maintain good water ecological environment for a long time.
A river and lake water ecosystem construction method comprises the following steps of S1, generally inspecting a pipe network, generally inspecting a municipal combined pipe network, a shunt pipe network and branch pipes, and determining the type of the pipe network and whether the phenomena of misconnection, missing connection and mixed connection exist;
s2, repairing a pipe network, namely repairing or replacing the damaged municipal pipeline by adopting a non-excavation repairing technology of local repairing or integral repairing, and dredging the blocked pipeline;
s3, point pollution source restoration and treatment, namely, performing split-flow system transformation on a split-flow system pipe network, constructing a special sewage pipeline aiming at civil and commercial sewage directly discharged into a municipal sewage pipe network, arranging an intelligent split-flow well at the tail end of the special sewage pipeline, arranging an intelligent split-flow well at the tail end of a pipeline communicated with a rainwater well, and intercepting a seriously polluted water source to the municipal sewage pipeline by the intelligent split-flow well;
s4, restoring and treating a non-point source of pollution, namely arranging a purification zone at the joint of a culture pond and rivers and lakes aiming at the non-point source pollution generated by fishery culture, and arranging an ecological grass ditch and a coastal lake ecological buffer zone on the coastal line of the rivers and lakes aiming at the non-point source pollution generated by agricultural and municipal road runoff;
s5, endogenous control, wherein the endogenous control adopts one or more engineering measures of substrate improvement, ecological dredging, water diversion and water exchange, ecological oxygen enrichment and circular purification;
s6, recycling the bottom mud, namely drying the bottom mud of rivers and lakes and then recycling the resources;
s7, self-purification capacity cultivation, wherein the measures of the self-purification capacity cultivation comprise the steps of establishing an aquatic plant underwater forest system, a lake and lake ecological buffer zone, an ecological discharge port overflow buffer zone, an aquatic plant pond, an ecological landscape floating island and an aquatic animal food chain;
and S8, establishing a long-acting management mechanism.
Preferably, in step S1, the CCTV endoscopic camera detection technology or the UV scope pipeline detection technology is used for the pipeline integrity detection in the general pipe network survey.
Preferably, in step S2, the overall repair technique adopted for repairing the pipeline includes one or more of an ultraviolet curing method, a spraying method, a winding method and a fragmentation method.
Preferably, in step S3, the sewage treatment plant is subjected to capacity expansion or a temporary storage tank is built to increase the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant.
Preferably, in step S4, the purification zone and the lake and beach ecological buffer zone both comprise aquatic plants.
Preferably, in step S6, the bed mud drying technology is a dehydration and drying integrated technology.
Preferably, in the steps S4 and S7, the aquatic plants include emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants.
Preferably, the aquatic animals include carnivorous and filter-feeding fishes.
Preferably, in step S8, the measures for establishing a long-term management mechanism include establishing a rational lake water quality early warning system, establishing a professional operation team, making a periodically important region dredging implementation scheme, and periodically cleaning the vigorous and withered aquatic plants.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the construction method of the water ecosystem makes up the defect of treating the water environment of rivers and lakes by adopting a single engineering method, focuses on constructing complete water ecology of rivers and lakes, recovers the self-purification capacity of the rivers and lakes, combines the prevention and control of the polluted water in the early stage with the self-purification capacity of the rivers and lakes, ensures that the self-purification capacity of the rivers and lakes can absorb pollutants finally entering the rivers and lakes, and ensures that the rivers and lakes stably maintain good water ecological environment for a long time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the attached drawings of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The method for constructing the river and lake water ecosystem shown in the figure 1 comprises the following steps of S1, generally inspecting a pipe network, generally inspecting a municipal combined pipe network, a shunt pipe network and branch pipes, and determining the type of the pipe network and whether the phenomena of misconnection, missing connection and mixed connection exist;
wherein, the general investigation content comprises pipeline investigation, discharge port tracing and pipeline detection. Municipal pipe network general survey first selects to adopt CCTV endoscope camera detection system or UV mirror pipeline detection technique, carries out detailed exploration to original confluence system pipeline, detects whether original pipeline has the damage, confirms damaged degree and damaged position.
S2, repairing a pipe network, namely repairing or replacing the damaged municipal pipeline by adopting a non-excavation repairing technology of local repair or integral repair, and dredging the blocked pipeline;
the method comprises the following steps of selecting a proper pipeline repairing and replacing method according to actual conditions for damaged municipal pipelines, adopting a trenchless repairing technology as far as possible to reduce the influence on the surrounding environment, wherein the trenchless repairing technology of the pipelines comprises local repairing and overall repairing, and the overall repairing technology mainly comprises an ultraviolet curing method, a spraying method, a winding method, a fragmentation method and the like; municipal pipe network desilting is to go on according to the data that CCTV peeps the inspection system survey of making a video recording in the endoscope, and scientific and reasonable's pipeline desilting technical scheme is formulated to the position and the quantity of accurate pipeline silt siltation, reserves system, complete process data in the work progress.
S3, repairing and treating point pollution sources, namely performing shunt system transformation on a shunt system pipe network, constructing a special sewage pipeline aiming at civil and commercial sewage directly discharged into a municipal sewage pipe network, arranging an intelligent shunt well at the tail end of the special sewage pipeline, arranging an intelligent shunt well at the tail end of a pipeline communicated with a rainwater well, and intercepting a seriously polluted water source to the municipal sewage pipeline by the intelligent shunt well;
the point pollution source restoration treatment only needs to be directed at the river and lake discharge openings and comprises a combined pipe network drain opening, a rainwater discharge opening and the like.
Aiming at a combined pipe network: should divide the system transformation to flowing system pipe network as far as possible, control domestic sewage and get into river, lake in the source, in the region that can't implement the branch system transformation, should at terminal fixed weir formula, slot type, weir slot type vatch basin of transformation, construct intelligent reposition of redundant personnel well, dams all domestic sewage to municipal sewage pipe network.
For split-flow pipe network: for a living area end, the construction of rain and sewage pipelines is strictly controlled at a community end to avoid misconnection, missing connection and mixed connection, a special sewage pipeline is constructed for domestic sewage, an intelligent diversion well is arranged before balcony sewage, roof rainwater and community road rainwater are connected into a municipal rainwater pipeline, and primary rainwater with heavy pollution is intercepted to a municipal sewage pipeline network; for the municipal road end, a sewage pipeline is arranged to connect the car washing water into a municipal sewage pipe network, so that the pollution of rivers and lakes caused by directly discharging the car washing water into the rivers and lakes is avoided, the intelligent diversion well is arranged in a region or at the tail end of the road washing and greening water, namely, at the upstream of a lake inlet discharge port, so that the part of sewage with heavy pollution is controlled to enter a rainwater pipe network to pollute the rivers and lakes, and the part of sewage is cut off to the municipal sewage pipe network, and meanwhile, the initial rainwater with heavy pollution can be collected to reduce the total amount of the pollutants entering the lakes.
Cut dirty transformation of accuse source to the point source and should consider still that municipal sewage pipe network's the delivery capacity and sewage treatment plant's processing load, if municipal sewage pipe network delivery capacity and sewage treatment plant's processing load enough hold the sewage that dams, then should all dam and handle, if can't bear the sewage that dams, at first should consider municipal sewage pipe network and sewage treatment plant dilatation, if the unable dilatation of municipal sewage pipe network and sewage treatment plant present stage, then should build the regulation pond, perhaps take "regulation pond + online processing facility" mode, temporarily store or handle the sewage that dams. The "storage tank + on-line treatment facility" mode should be implemented in the case where it is determined that the sewage treatment plant cannot treat the intercepted sewage at any time period, or the sewage temporarily stored in the storage tank should be delivered to the sewage treatment plant for treatment at a time division and off-peak.
S4, restoring and treating a non-point source of pollution, namely arranging a purification zone at the joint of a culture pond and rivers and lakes aiming at the non-point source pollution generated by fishery culture, and arranging an ecological grass ditch and a coastal lake ecological buffer zone on the coastal line of the rivers and lakes aiming at the non-point source pollution generated by agricultural and municipal road runoff;
the non-point source pollution remediation treatment mainly aims at non-point source pollution formed by runoff of fishery, agriculture and municipal roads, the pollution range is wide, the non-point source pollution cannot be treated point by point, and the non-point source pollution remediation treatment mainly aims at the whole river and lake shoreline. For fishery culture, a purification zone is arranged at the joint of a culture pond and a river or a lake, the purification zone mainly comprises aquatic plants, and aeration equipment is used for assisting in reducing pollutants entering the river or the lake; aiming at agricultural pollution, ecological grass ditches and ecological buffer zones in the coastal lines are arranged to reduce pollutants entering rivers and lakes; aiming at the municipal road runoff pollution, a coastal lake ecological buffer zone, a non-point source overflow buffer zone and the like are arranged to reduce pollutants entering rivers and lakes.
S5, carrying out endogenous treatment, wherein the endogenous treatment adopts one or more engineering measures of substrate improvement, ecological dredging, water diversion and exchange, ecological oxygen enrichment and circular purification;
wherein, the engineering measures of the endogenous management are mainly substrate improvement, ecological dredging, water diversion and water exchange, ecological oxygen enrichment, circular purification and the like. The substrate improvement mainly comprises the steps of adding a substrate modifier to condition the substrate sludge, changing the physicochemical property of the substrate sludge, improving the properties of the substrate sludge of rivers and lakes, enhancing the sustainability of the substrate sludge systems of the rivers and lakes, and simultaneously, releasing the rate of substrate sludge pollutants; the ecological dredging technology is the most direct and effective mode for solving the problem of bottom sediment pollution, can quickly reduce pollutants accumulated in rivers and lakes, is one of the main means of endogenous treatment at present, generally adopts an environment-friendly cutter suction dredger and a sludge dewatering and drying integrated treatment technology, retains 20-30cm of primary bottom sediment, ensures the balance of original bottom sediment microorganisms, and provides a substrate for later-stage aquatic plants, particularly submerged plant planting; the basic theory of the water diversion and water change engineering lies in that the characteristics of strong self-purification capacity of large rivers and lakes and rich water resources and good water quality are utilized to dilute the concentration of pollutants in the polluted rivers and lakes, or the pollutants in the polluted water body are transferred to the large rivers and lakes, and the characteristics of the large rivers and lakes are utilized to gradually absorb the pollutants.
S6, recycling the bottom mud, namely drying the bottom mud of rivers and lakes and then recycling the resources;
wherein, the river and lake bottom mud mainly recycles the resources of the dried bottom mud. At present, common bed mud drying technologies are mainly integrated technologies of natural drying, sludge solidification, vacuum preloading and dehydration drying, wherein the application range of the dehydration drying integrated technology is the widest, the dehydration drying effect is good, the system integration level is high, the environmental pollution is small, compared with other modes, the bed mud resource utilization degree is higher, and the dried bed mud can be used as construction land, greening planting land, compost and the like.
S7, self-purification capacity cultivation, wherein the measures of the self-purification capacity cultivation comprise the steps of establishing an aquatic plant underwater forest system, a lake and lake ecological buffer zone, an ecological discharge port overflow buffer zone, an aquatic plant pond, an ecological landscape floating island and an aquatic animal food chain;
the self-cleaning ability cultivation mainly comprises the construction of an aquatic plant system and the construction of an aquatic animal food chain. The aquatic plant system mainly comprises an aquatic plant underwater forest system, a lake shore ecological buffer zone, an ecological discharge port overflow buffer zone, an aquatic plant pond, an ecological landscape floating island and the like, and the aquatic animal food chain mainly comprises herbivorous fishes, carnivorous fishes, snails, clams and the like.
The aquatic plants mainly comprise emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants. The aquatic plants are selected from varieties with strong dirt cleaning capability and easy cultivation, emergent aquatic plants are selected from varieties of calamus flavus, evergreen aquatic iris, lentinus edodes and the like, and submerged plants are selected from varieties of picrass, hydrilla verticillata, goldfish algae and the like; the aquatic animals are selected according to the principle that carnivorous and filter-feeding fishes are mainly used and herbivorous fishes, snails and mussels are used as auxiliary fishes, for example, carnivorous and filter-feeding fishes can be selected from snakeheads, silver carps, bighead carps and catfishes, and the herbivorous fishes, snails and mussels can be selected from local fish species, so that the introduction of foreign species is strictly forbidden.
And S8, establishing a long-acting management mechanism.
The construction of the long-term ecological management mechanism of rivers and lakes is comprehensive and continuous work, and the maintenance and operation of water ecology are crucial, so that the construction, maintenance and management of water ecology are focused on: establishing a river and lake water quality early warning system, establishing a water environment online monitoring system, monitoring conventional indexes in the river and the lake, such as COD, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll and the like, finding out reasons as soon as possible for deteriorated indexes, and taking targeted emergency measures; establishing a professional operation team, establishing a daily water quality inspection system for the lake water body, cleaning the floaters on the water surface, and keeping the water surface clean; making a periodical heavy point region dredging implementation scheme, and periodically cleaning deposited impurities in a heavy point region such as a lake inlet drain port; regularly cleaning and harvesting the vigorous and withered aquatic plants.
In addition, aiming at the construction of the ecology of rivers and lakes, the integrity and timeliness of the early-stage data should be noticed, the data should accurately reflect the current situations of the rivers and lakes, and the following should be noticed:
1. investigating water ecological systems of target rivers and lakes, determining the current situations of pollution sources and aquatic animals and plants in the target lakes, and investigating pollution positions of the sources and the lakes, pollutant concentrations and quantities, and proportions of the aquatic animals and plants;
2. the water ecology construction scheme suitable for the river and the lake is put forward according to the local conditions and the local conditions;
3. the method is characterized in that a special implementation scheme is compiled for target rivers and lakes, the regional construction is implemented for large and medium rivers and lakes, and whether the regional construction is needed or not is determined for small rivers and lakes according to actual conditions.
The present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, and it is not intended to be limited to the embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for constructing a river and lake water ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of S1, carrying out general survey on a municipal combined pipe network, a split pipe network and branch pipes, and determining the type of the pipe network and whether the phenomena of wrong connection, missed connection and mixed connection exist;
s2, repairing a pipe network, namely repairing or replacing the damaged municipal pipeline by adopting a non-excavation repairing technology of local repair or integral repair, and dredging the blocked pipeline;
s3, repairing and treating point pollution sources, namely performing shunt system transformation on a shunt system pipe network, constructing a special sewage pipeline aiming at civil and commercial sewage directly discharged into a municipal sewage pipe network, arranging an intelligent shunt well at the tail end of the special sewage pipeline, arranging an intelligent shunt well at the tail end of a pipeline communicated with a rainwater well, and intercepting a seriously polluted water source to the municipal sewage pipeline by the intelligent shunt well;
s4, restoring and treating a non-point source of pollution, namely arranging a purification zone at the joint of a culture pond and rivers and lakes aiming at the non-point source pollution generated by fishery culture, and arranging an ecological grass ditch and a coastal lake ecological buffer zone on the coastal line of the rivers and lakes aiming at the non-point source pollution generated by agricultural and municipal road runoff;
s5, endogenous control, wherein the endogenous control adopts one or more engineering measures of substrate improvement, ecological dredging, water diversion and water exchange, ecological oxygen enrichment and circular purification;
s6, recycling the bottom mud, namely recycling the dried bottom mud of rivers and lakes;
s7, self-purification capacity cultivation, wherein the measures of the self-purification capacity cultivation comprise the steps of establishing an aquatic plant underwater forest system, a lake and lake ecological buffer zone, an ecological discharge port overflow buffer zone, an aquatic plant pond, an ecological landscape floating island and an aquatic animal food chain;
and S8, establishing a long-acting management mechanism.
2. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the integrity of the pipeline for general survey of the pipe network is detected by CCTV endoscopic camera detection technology or UV scope pipeline detection technology.
3. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the overall repair technique adopted for repairing the pipeline includes one or more of an ultraviolet curing method, a spraying method, a winding method and a fragmentation method.
4. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, a capacity expansion process is performed on the sewage treatment plant or a temporary storage tank is built to increase the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant.
5. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, the purification zone and the coastal lake ecological buffer zone both comprise aquatic plants.
6. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S6, the bed mud drying technology adopts a dehydration and drying integrated technology.
7. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in steps S4 and S7, the aquatic plants include emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants.
8. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S7, the aquatic animals mainly include carnivorous and filter-feeding fishes.
9. The water ecosystem construction method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S8, the measures for establishing the long-term management mechanism include establishing a reasonable lake water quality early warning system, establishing a professional operation team, making a periodical heavy-spot region dredging implementation scheme, and periodically cleaning the vigorous and withered aquatic plants.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101094459B1 (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2011-12-14 | 주식회사 젠트로 | Complex water treatment method and apparatus combined with physical chemical process and biological process |
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