CN115159677A - Method for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115159677A CN115159677A CN202210914184.7A CN202210914184A CN115159677A CN 115159677 A CN115159677 A CN 115159677A CN 202210914184 A CN202210914184 A CN 202210914184A CN 115159677 A CN115159677 A CN 115159677A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anaerobic
- anaerobic digestion
- organic wastewater
- propionic acid
- rhamnolipid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater. According to the invention, 1-20 mg/L rhamnolipid is added into an organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system, so that the degradation of volatile acids such as propionic acid and butyric acid can be effectively promoted, the hydrogen transfer efficiency between strains and the activity of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria in the anaerobic digestion system are greatly improved, the methanogenesis rate is improved, the recovery of the anaerobic digestion system from acidification is facilitated, and the methanogenesis rate is improved in anaerobic digestion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater, and particularly relates to a method for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater and application thereof.
Background
Along with the development of economy and the increase of population, people are increasingly conscious of environmental protection and energy conservation, town sewage and industrial wastewater are discharged as main pollution sources of water bodies, and the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage are solved. The treatment of organic wastewater by using anaerobic digestion as a core technology is considered to be one of effective means. The anaerobic digestion technology can not only remove pollutants in the organic wastewater, but also generate methane to be used as renewable energy. Anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater generally proceeds through a hydrolysis stage, a fermentation stage, a hydrogen-producing, acetogenic stage, and a methanogenic stage. Wherein, the generation of methane is completed under the coordination of main microorganism flora such as acid-producing fermentation flora, hydrogen-producing acetogenic flora, methanogenic flora and the like. The intermediate products such as propionic acid, butyric acid and ethanol generated by the acid-producing fermentation flora must be converted into acetic acid and H under the action of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 2 /CO 2 Then, it can be utilized by methanogens. The hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria belong to anaerobic microorganisms, and physiological metabolic reactions of the hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria belong to endothermic reactions and cannot be spontaneously performed under a standard state. Only when hydrogen consuming microorganisms exist in the environment and the hydrogen partial pressure is reduced, the reaction for producing hydrogen and producing acetic acid can be smoothly carried out. From the analysis of reaction thermodynamics, the microorganisms can obtain more energy for propionic acid type fermentation, so that propionic acid is more easily produced in the acidogenic fermentation stage of the anaerobic treatment of the organic wastewater. The hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing reaction of the propionic acid needs more energy and is more difficult to convert than other intermediate products. Therefore, accumulation in the anaerobic treatment system is more likely to occur. Therefore, the improvement of the propionic acid degradation rate has important significance for maintaining the efficient and stable operation of the anaerobic treatment system.
Although there are reports on improving the activity of hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing in anaerobic digestion systems, the added bacteria need to purchase or utilize special anaerobic equipment for culture, or add conductive materials to acclimate anaerobic sludge. The measures have larger preparation work in the early stage and longer domestication time, and can not economically and effectively improve the degradation rate of propionic acid when an anaerobic digestion system is acidified. Therefore, how to develop a high-efficiency anaerobic digestion technology which can effectively increase the degradation rate of propionic acid becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater and an application thereof, which can effectively promote propionic acid degradation, greatly improve hydrogen transfer efficiency between strains and hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria activity in an anaerobic digestion system, and improve methane production rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater, which is characterized in that rhamnolipid is added into an organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system, and the addition amount of the rhamnolipid is 1-20 mg/L.
Preferably, the organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system contains anaerobic activated sludge.
Preferably, the anaerobic activated sludge is taken from an anaerobic digestion reactor.
Preferably, the anaerobic activated sludge is added into an anaerobic digestion system after enrichment culture or domestication.
Preferably, the organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system contains propionic acid.
Preferably, anaerobic activated sludge is inoculated into an anaerobic digestion system containing rhamnolipids for anaerobic digestion.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the anaerobic activated sludge is 1-20% of the volume of the anaerobic digestion system.
Preferably, the anaerobic digestion temperature is 20-40 ℃.
Preferably, the anaerobic digestion is carried out in a constant temperature shaker at 140 to 150 rpm.
The invention also provides the application of the method in methane production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the rhamnolipid added in the anaerobic digestion system is adsorbed on the outer layer of a thallus cell membrane, so that the surface tension of biogas slurry can be remarkably reduced, and the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the cell surface are adjusted, so that the agglutination process of microorganisms and the absorption capacity of substrates are promoted, the efficiency of interspecific hydrogen transfer and the activity of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria in the anaerobic digestion system are greatly improved, the degradation rate of volatile acids such as propionic acid and butyric acid is improved, and the methane production rate is improved.
The hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogen in the invention can be directly derived from anaerobic activated sludge in an anaerobic digestion reactor, and strains are added without purchasing or utilizing special anaerobic equipment for culturing and domesticating, so that the economy and the effectiveness are improved, the engineering practice is easier to use, and the method has wide industrial application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of propionic acid content over time;
FIG. 2 is a graph of acetic acid content over time;
FIG. 3 is a plot of cumulative methane production over time;
FIG. 4 is the change in PS content in the EPS of the propionic acid system;
FIG. 5 shows the variation of the PN content in the propionic acid system EPS;
FIG. 6 shows the change of sludge contact angle of the propionic acid system.
Detailed Description
A method for improving anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater comprises the step of adding rhamnolipid into an anaerobic digestion system of the organic wastewater, wherein the addition amount of the rhamnolipid in the anaerobic digestion system is 1-20 mg/L, preferably 2-10 mg/L, and more preferably 5-8 mg/L.
The rhamnolipid is a biosurfactant with biological metabolism property generated by pseudomonas or burkholderia, and has the properties of no toxicity, amphipathy and the like as the biosurfactant. Rhamnolipid is an anionic surfactant, has excellent surface activity, can remarkably reduce the surface tension of liquid, and has multiple functions of emulsification, demulsification, defoaming, washing, dispersion and flocculation, static resistance and lubrication.
The present invention is not limited to a specific source of rhamnolipids.
Anaerobic fermentation is essentially a biochemical process of microorganisms that is very sensitive to the nutrients reacted and environmental conditions. Anaerobic digestion is a process in which organic matter is decomposed by anaerobic bacteria under anaerobic conditions to produce methane and carbon dioxide, and is the primary method for stabilizing sludge and treating industrial waste. The anaerobic digestion reaction is mainly divided into four biochemical stages: hydrolysis stage, fermentation stage, hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing stage and methane-producing stage.
A hydrolysis stage: under the action of extracellular hydrolase secreted by anaerobic bacteria, insoluble complex macromolecular organic matters are firstly decomposed into soluble small molecular organic matters by acid-producing bacteria, such as cellulose and polysaccharide, and the soluble small molecular organic matters are converted into monosaccharide through hydrolysis; protein is converted into amino acid; lipids are converted into fatty acids and glycerol.
And (3) fermentation stage: the small molecule hydrolysates produced in the hydrolysis stage are further converted to Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) and a small amount of predominantly alcohol end products by the action of acid forming bacteria. The fermentation bacteria hydrolyze and convert the organic matters into I type micromolecular organic matters such as acetic acid, formic acid, methanol, methylamine and the like which can be directly utilized by methane bacteria and II type organic matters such as propionic acid, butyric acid, lactic acid, ethanol and the like which can not be directly utilized by methane bacteria.
Hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing stage: further using organic substances of class II (such as VFAs and short chain alcohols) such as propionic acid and butyric acid to generate volatile fatty acid mainly containing acetic acid and CO 2 、H 2 Gas for the production of methane.
A methanogenesis stage: methanogen will oxidize acetic acid and H 2 、CO 2 And formic acid and the like into methane, while synthesizing substances required by the cells themselves.
The anaerobic degradation of propionic acid can be completed only by the combined action of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogen, wherein the hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria utilize propionic acid to generate acetic acid and formic acid, and the metabolic products are utilized by the methanogen to generate methane. Due to thermodynamic limitations, only formic acid or H 2 When the concentration is extremely low, the hydrogen-producing and acetic acid-producing reaction can be smoothly carried out. The distance between the microorganisms can significantly affect the hydrogen/formic acid transfer rate by an interspecies hydrogen/formic acid transfer mechanism,affecting the biochemical reaction rate. When the microbes form the flocculent, the distance between different populations of microbes is the shortest, and the surface properties of the microbial cells are one of the main factors determining their formation of the flocculent.
The invention discovers that the rhamnolipid is added into an anaerobic digestion system, so that the rhamnolipid can be adsorbed on the outer layer of a thallus cell membrane, and the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the cell surface are adjusted, so that the agglutination process of microorganisms and the absorption capacity of substrates are promoted, the mass transfer distance between cells is reduced, the transfer rate of hydrogen/formic acid and the activity of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the anaerobic digestion system are greatly improved, the degradation rate of propionic acid and acetic acid is improved, the recovery of the anaerobic digestion system from acidification is facilitated, and the methane production rate is improved.
Anaerobic activated sludge is required to be added into the organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system. As an alternative embodiment, the present invention uses anaerobic activated sludge in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor as the inoculum. The activated sludge in the UASB reactor has good precipitation performance and coagulation performance, has higher activity, and can further improve the treatment performance and the operation stability of an anaerobic digestion system.
Preferably, the anaerobic activated sludge of the invention can be used as an inoculum after 2-3 times of enrichment culture in an anaerobic digestion system, or can be directly taken from an acclimated anaerobic pond sludge, and the specific source of the anaerobic activated sludge is not limited in the invention.
The invention explains the enrichment culture method of anaerobic activated sludge in detail: inoculating anaerobic activated sludge in the anaerobic culture medium, culturing the anaerobic activated sludge in a constant-temperature shaking table, detecting the content of acetic acid and propionic acid in the culture medium by adopting gas chromatography, and repeating the steps for 2-3 times when the acetic acid and the propionic acid in an anaerobic digestion system are completely degraded to obtain inoculated sludge after enrichment culture; the preferred inoculation amount of the anaerobic activated sludge in the invention is 15-25% of the volume of the anaerobic culture medium, and more preferably 20%; the culture temperature of the constant temperature shaking table is 36-37 ℃, and the rotating speed is 120-140 rpm. The invention discovers that the abundance of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria in the anaerobic activated sludge can be improved and the subsequent experimental time can be reduced by repeated enrichment culture. Enrichment culture and sludge acclimation are not essential steps in the present invention.
The organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system contains propionic acid, and preferably contains a propionic acid anaerobic culture medium. As an alternative embodiment, the propionic acid anaerobic culture medium contains 3-4 g of sodium propionate per liter of basal culture medium, the pH value of the propionic acid anaerobic culture medium is adjusted to 7.2-7.5 by using 1-2 mol/L HCl or NaOH solution before the anaerobic activated sludge is inoculated, and the propionic acid anaerobic culture medium is subjected to nitrogen stripping for 12-18 min. The preparation method of the basic culture medium comprises the following steps: 5g of sodium bicarbonate, 0.2g of yeast powder, 1g of cysteine, 2mL of acidic trace element solution, 1mL of alkaline trace element solution, 0.8mL of vitamin solution, 40mL of phosphate buffer solution, 20mL of macroelement solution and 1mL of iron salt solution are added into 2L of boiled deionized water. Preferably, the propionic acid anaerobic medium requires the addition of 3.84g of sodium propionate to the basal medium.
The invention does not limit the concrete formula and the preparation method of the propionic acid anaerobic culture medium.
The invention inoculates anaerobic activated sludge into propionic acid anaerobic culture medium containing rhamnolipid for anaerobic digestion. Preferably, the inoculation amount of the anaerobic activated sludge is 1 to 20 percent of the volume of the anaerobic culture medium, and more preferably 5 to 10 percent.
The reaction temperature of the anaerobic digestion system in the present invention is 20 to 40 ℃, and more preferably 30 to 35 ℃. The invention discovers that the reaction temperature is the optimum temperature for growth and metabolism of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogen, and the anaerobic digestion reaction at the temperature is more favorable for improving the activity of the strains, accelerating the anaerobic conversion rate of propionic acid, further improving the degradation rate of propionic acid and improving the methanogen rate.
The anaerobic digestion system is carried out in a constant temperature shaking table at 140-150 rpm. The invention finds that the anaerobic digestion reaction is carried out in the constant-temperature shaking table at the rotating speed, so that the transfer rate of hydrogen/formic acid can be effectively improved, the intermediate electron transfer process is optimized, the methane fermentation efficiency of propionic acid is enhanced, the anaerobic digestion system is favorably recovered from acidification, the absorption of a strain to a substrate is improved, the propionic acid degradation rate is further improved, and the methane production rate is improved.
The invention also provides the application of the method in the actual anaerobic digestion of the wastewater. As an optional implementation mode, in the actual industrial wastewater treatment process, an anaerobic culture medium is not required to be added, and rhamnolipid is directly added into an anaerobic digestion system, so that the effects of improving the degradation rate of propionic acid and improving the methane production rate can be achieved. The actual wastewater is equivalent to the basic anaerobic culture medium of the invention, and the two functions are the same.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The inoculum was anaerobic activated sludge obtained from a UASB reactor with an organic load of 5 kg/(m) 3 D), the daily volumetric gas production rate is 2.1L/(L d).
The formula of the propionic acid anaerobic culture medium is as follows: 2g of sodium propionate and 2g of NaHCO are added into 1L of deionized water 3 4g，Na 2 HPO 4 ·2H 2 O 530mg，KH 2 PO 4 410mg，NH 4 Cl 300mg，CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O 110mg，MgCl 2 ·6H 2 O 100mg，NaCl 300mg，FeCl 2 ·4H 2 O 4.5mg，EDTA·Na 2 1.65mg, 1mL of trace element liquid and 1mL of vitamin liquid.
The formula (mg/L) of the microelement liquid is as follows: h 3 BO 4 50，ZnCl 2 50，CuCl 2 ·H 2 O 38，MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O 50，CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O 50，NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O 92，Na 2 SeO 3 ·5H 2 O 26，Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O 33，Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O 24。
Vitamin liquid formula (mg/L): biotin 4, nicotinic acid 40, vitamin B6, vitamin B2 20, vitamin B1 40, vitamin B12, folic acid 20, lipoic acid 40 and p-aminobenzoic acid 20.
The preparation method of the propionic acid anaerobic culture medium is as follows (2L): the medicine is weighed according to the components of the culture medium and then added into a conical flask. Adding deionized water into an electric food warmer, heating for boiling, heating for 15min, continuously blowing off oxygen with high-purity nitrogen gas, and further removing oxygen in liquid phase by boiling liquid for a long time. Boiling for 15min, injecting boiling water into the conical flask, continuously introducing high-purity nitrogen, and adjusting pH to 7.5 with 1mol/L NaOH and HCl when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 40 deg.C.
Taking 15 serum bottles, transferring 100mL of culture medium into a 250mL serum bottle by using an injector provided with a long needle for animals, blowing off the serum bottle with high-purity nitrogen for 1min in advance, continuously blowing off the serum bottle with the high-purity nitrogen for about 1min after the serum bottle is filled into the culture medium, constructing 5 parts of propionic acid anaerobic culture medium according to the steps, adding 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20mg/L of rhamnolipid into each 100mL of propionic acid anaerobic culture medium, inoculating 1.5mL of anaerobic activated sludge, sealing by using a butyl rubber plug, and placing the propionic acid anaerobic culture medium in an air bath constant-temperature shaking table at 37 ℃ and 150rpm for enrichment culture of the inoculated sludge. The gas production, gas composition and VFAs composition were measured every two days. The above 5 groups were subjected to 3 replicates respectively, and the average of the three replicates was plotted against the propionic acid concentration duration (see fig. 1 for details), the acetic acid concentration duration (see fig. 2 for details) and the methane cumulative production duration (see fig. 3 for details).
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the T0 treatment without adding rhamnolipid has a propionic acid degradation rate of 0.78 mmol/(d.L), while the T5 and T10 treatments with adding 5 and 10mg/L rhamnolipid have propionic acid degradation rates significantly increased to 0.86 and 0.85 mmol/(d.L). However, the T15 and T20 treatments with 15 and 20mg/L rhamnolipid additions significantly increased the propionic acid degradation rate to 0.73 and 0.72 mmol/(d · L). The results show that 5 and 10mg/L rhamnolipids can promote the degradation of propionic acid.
Acetic acid is an intermediate product of the methane propionate fermentation, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the acetic acid content at each treatment concentration reached a peak after 12 th, 10 th, 14 th, and 16 th days after the cultivation. The acetic acid content in each treatment group to which rhamnolipid was added was higher than that in the control group to which rhamnolipid was not added, indicating that rhamnolipid inhibited the degradation of acetic acid. The highest accumulation of acetic acid in T15 and T20 treatments with addition of 15 and 20mg/L rhamnolipid indicates that when the concentration of rhamnolipid exceeds 15mg/L, the degradation of acetic acid can be obviously inhibited.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the rate of methanogenesis was 30.04 mmol/(d.L) with T0 treatment without rhamnolipids added. With the addition of T5 treatment of 5mg/L rhamnolipid, the methanogenesis rate increased to 30.14 mmol/(d.L). However, when the rhamnolipid concentration exceeds 10mg/L, the methanogenesis rate is inhibited due to inhibition of acetic acid degradation.
Example 2
The PS content, PN content and sludge contact angle of EPS in the anaerobic digestion system in example 1 were investigated.
1. EPS extraction
(1) Extraction of Slime (mucus layer): all the samples (water and mud) in the anaerobic bottle were taken and loaded into a 50ml centrifuge tube, the samples in the centrifuge tube were trimmed with a balance and centrifuged at 2000 Xg for 15min, the EPS in the supernatant was Slime, i.e. the EPS fraction separated by centrifugation.
(2) Extraction of LB-EPS: adding phosphate buffer solution to the sediment (sludge) in the centrifuge tube in the step (1), centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 4000 Xg, removing the supernatant in the centrifuge tube, adding 30mL phosphate buffer solution heated to 50 ℃, and vortexing for 1min. The mixture was centrifuged at 8000 Xg for 15min, and the supernatant was filtered through a filter (0.22 μm) to obtain LB-EPS.
(3) Extraction of TB-EPS: adding 0.18mL of formaldehyde (36.5%) into the precipitate in the centrifuge tube in the step (1), and shaking for 1h at 4 ℃; 12mL of NaOH solution with a concentration of 1mol/L is added continuously and the mixture is shaken for 3h. Centrifuging at 20000 Xg for 20min, and filtering with 0.22 μm filter membrane to obtain TB-EPS.
2. Detection of polysaccharide PS in EPS
(1) The method for determining Polysaccharide (PS) content in EPS by adopting anthraquinones colorimetric method comprises:
preparation of glucose standard solution: 100mg of glucose is weighed to prepare 500mL of solution, and the glucose is dried in an oven to constant weight (80 ℃) in advance to obtain 200 mu g/mL of glucose standard solution.
Configuration of anthrone reagent: 1g of anthrone is weighed and dissolved in 1000mL of dilute sulfuric acid, the anthrone having been purified beforehand.
Color development and color comparison: adding 1mL of the EPS solution extracted in step 1 into a clean colorimetric tube, adding 5mL of anthraquinones reagent, shaking, mixing, boiling in boiling water bath for 10min, cooling, measuring absorbance (625 nm) with spectrophotometer, taking three groups, and averaging to obtain average value, wherein the content of polysaccharide in EPS is obtained from linear regression formula or standard curve, and the percentage of sugar in EPS is obtained according to formula 1.
Soluble sugar content (%) = C × V ÷ W × 106 × 100% formula 1
Wherein, V is the volume (mL) of the sample after dilution; c-sugar content of extract (μ g/mL); w-dry weight of sample (g).
Drawing a standard curve: the prepared standard glucose solution is diluted into solutions with the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 mu g of sugar per mL. And measuring the absorbance of the solution by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and then drawing an absorbance-sugar concentration curve or obtaining a linear regression equation.
The PS content is shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, in Slime, the PS contents of the T5, T10, T15, and T20 treatments were approximately similar, and were 2.09mg/gMLVSS, 1.88mg/gMLVSS, 1.99mg/gMLVSS, and 1.98mg/gMLVSS, respectively, which were lower than the T0 (2.33 mg/gMLVSS) treatment. In LB-EPS, the PS content of T0 treatment is larger than that of T5, T10, T15 and T20 treatments. The PS contents of T5 and T10 are approximately similar, and are respectively 2.4mg/gMLVSS and 2.44mg/gMLVSS; the PS contents of the T15 and T20 treatments were approximately similar and both were lower than the PS contents of the T5 and T10 treatments, 2.29mg/gMLVSS and 2.32mg/gMLVSS, respectively. In TB-EPS, PS contents of T5 and T10 treatments are higher than that of the T0 treatment, and PS contents of T15 and T20 treatments are lower than that of the T0 treatment.
(2) Detection of protein PN in EPS
The PN content in EPS was determined using a BCA protein concentration assay kit (P0012, biyuntian Biotech Co.).
As shown in fig. 5, in slim, the PN contents of T5 and T10 treatments were approximately the same, 3.98 mg/gmlsvss and 3.43 mg/gmlsvss, respectively, and both were lower than the PN content of T0 treatment; the PN contents of T15 and T20 treatments are approximately the same, namely 4.48mg/gMLVSS and 4.6mg/gMLVSS, and are higher than the PN content of T0 treatment. In LB-EPS, PN contents of T5, T10, T15 and T20 treatments are all lower than that of T0 treatment. Wherein the PN content of T5 treatment is the lowest, and is 2.64mg/gMLVSS. In TB-EPS, the PN content of T5 and T10 treatment is higher than that of T0 treatment; the PN content of the T15 and T20 treatments were approximately the same and both were lower than the PN content of the T0 treatment.
(3) Measurement of cell contact Angle
Taking all precipitated sludge, grinding the sludge in a mortar to be uniform, performing suction filtration on the grinded anaerobic granular sludge by using a vacuum pump, wherein a filter membrane is a cellulose acetate filter membrane (0.45 mu M), after the suction filtration of the sludge moisture is completed, placing the filter membrane on a prepared 1% agar culture medium, drying the filter membrane for 10min, and measuring the contact angle between the sludge and two polar liquids (water and formamide) and a non-polar liquid (bromonaphthalene) by using a contact angle measuring instrument (JC 2000D2M, shanghai morning). For each sample, the contact angle was measured 3 times and averaged.
As shown in fig. 6, in the treatment of adding rhamnolipid to polar liquid water, the contact angle of sludge and water is improved, and the contact angle of sludge and water in T5 treatment is higher than that in other treatments, and is 49.12 ° which is most hydrophilic. For polar liquid formamide, in the treatment of adding rhamnolipid, the contact angle of sludge and formamide is improved, and the contact angles of T5 and T10 treatments are approximately similar. For the non-polar liquid bromonaphthalene, the contact angles of the T5 and T10 treatments are approximately similar and are both larger than those of the other treatments; the contact angle of the T20 treatment was the smallest and 24.53 ° smaller than the T5 treatment.
The hydrophobicity of the granular sludge is related to PS and PN contents in EPS and a sludge contact angle, and the higher hydrophobicity is beneficial to flocculation among microorganisms. According to the PS content change, the PN content change and the sludge contact angle change in EPS, the following can be obtained: the rhamnolipid improves the hydrophobicity of hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and hydrogenophilic methanogen, reduces the repulsive force among flora and strengthens the affinity among cells. Thereby enabling the distance between hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogen hydrogenophilum to be closer, promoting the hydrogen transfer between species, enhancing the hydrophobicity of the anaerobic granular sludge, and having the most obvious rhamnolipid promoting effect with the concentration of 5 mg/L.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that the anaerobic activated sludge was cultured in an enrichment state and then inoculated into an anaerobic digestion system.
The same anaerobic digestion system was constructed according to the procedure of example 1, 100mL of the medium was transferred into a 250mL serum bottle using a syringe equipped with a long needle for animals, the serum bottle was previously purged with high-purity nitrogen for 1min, the medium was filled and then purged with high-purity nitrogen for about 1min, 20mL of anaerobic activated sludge was inoculated, the mixture was sealed with a butyl rubber stopper, and the mixture was placed in an air bath constant temperature shaking table at 37 ℃ and 150rpm for enrichment culture of the inoculated sludge. The gas production, gas composition and VFAs composition were measured every two days. When the VFAs are completely consumed, the anaerobic activated sludge is transferred to fresh medium. This was repeated 3 times to obtain inoculated sludge with stable colony structure.
Then, according to the procedure in example 1, 9 portions of propionic acid anaerobic culture medium are constructed, each portion is 100mL, 0, 5 and 10mg/L of rhamnolipid is added, 1.5mL of enrichment culture anaerobic activated sludge is inoculated, and compared with an anaerobic digestion system without rhamnolipid, the degradation rate of propionic acid is respectively improved by 12.36 percent and 15.89 percent, and the maximum methane production rate is respectively improved by 9.83 percent and 11.92 percent by adding 5mg/L and 10mg/L of rhamnolipid.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that rhamnolipids are added directly to the anaerobic digestion reactor feed water.
Selecting two UASB reactors with effective volume of 4L, diluting the waste molasses to COD of 8000mg/L to obtain inlet water, and adding sodium bicarbonate to adjust alkalinity to 3000mg/L (using CaCO) 3 Meter), the seed sludge was anaerobic activated sludge obtained from the UASB reactor in example 1, and the inoculum size was 1L.
Rhamnolipid with a final concentration of 5mg/L was added to the feed water to reactor R1, reactor R2 was a control, and rhamnolipid was not added to the feed water. The two UASB reactors are operated under the conditions that the hydraulic retention time is 24h and the temperature is 35 ℃, and the COD value and VFAs of the effluent of the two reactors are respectively measured.
As a result: the average COD value of the water discharged from the R1 is 861mg/L, and the average COD value of the water discharged from the R2 is 1053mg/L; no VFAs are remained in the effluent of the R1, the acetic acid content in the effluent of the R2 is 25mg/L, and the propionic acid content is 56mg/L.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the anaerobic digestion efficiency of organic wastewater is characterized in that: adding rhamnolipid into an organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system, wherein the addition amount of the rhamnolipid is 1-20 mg/L.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system contains anaerobic activated sludge.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the anaerobic activated sludge is taken from an anaerobic digestion reactor.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: and the anaerobic activated sludge is added into an anaerobic digestion system after enrichment culture or domestication.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the organic wastewater anaerobic digestion system contains propionic acid.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: anaerobic activated sludge is inoculated into an anaerobic digestion system containing rhamnolipid for anaerobic digestion.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the inoculation amount of the anaerobic activated sludge is 1-20% of the volume of the anaerobic digestion system.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein: the anaerobic digestion temperature is 20-40 ℃.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein: the anaerobic digestion is carried out in a constant temperature shaker at 140-150 rpm.
10. Use of the process of any one of claims 1 to 9 for the production of methane.
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