CN115157655A - Design method of 3D printing overall scheme of large-size special-shaped curved surface sample - Google Patents
Design method of 3D printing overall scheme of large-size special-shaped curved surface sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN115157655A CN115157655A CN202210788647.XA CN202210788647A CN115157655A CN 115157655 A CN115157655 A CN 115157655A CN 202210788647 A CN202210788647 A CN 202210788647A CN 115157655 A CN115157655 A CN 115157655A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Abstract
A design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece comprises the following steps: decomposing the scheme; a production flow; production guarantee; the guarantee mode is as follows: a material system; a material selection criterion; the main criteria are as follows: selecting a material type; a device scheme; a device selection criterion; selecting a printing head type; the main criteria are: actually selecting a printing head; selecting a model of the motion mechanism; a primary criterion; actually selecting a model of the motion mechanism; selecting a model by a shaping mechanism; a primary criterion; selecting a printing bottom plate; a primary criterion; actual type selection of a printing bottom plate: printing a process route; printing process characteristics; printing track characteristics; a continuous circular trajectory; overlapping the split-level tracks; a special printing process; a continuous shaping process; selecting a post-treatment scheme; a primary criterion; making up for the defect of post-treatment; and (4) integrally optimizing the post-processing. The printing scheme of the invention can improve the printing success rate to 80%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 3D printing technology, in particular to a design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample.
Background
Aiming at a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample digital analog provided by a consignment unit, a 3D printing-based solution is provided, and the manufacturing of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample is completed.
And aiming at the process characteristics of 3D printing, the structural design of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece is developed. The structure needs to meet the use requirements of strength, rigidity, precision and the like, and on the basis of meeting the requirements, lightweight design is developed, and a three-dimensional data model is established. Based on the characteristics of the 3D printing equipment, a printing scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece is formulated. And selecting a proper printing material to meet the requirement that the surface of a workpiece can realize an aluminum plating process. And researching the influence rule of different process parameters on the printing quality of the workpiece to obtain the optimal process parameters, thereby finishing the manufacture of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece comprises the following steps:
step 1, decomposing a scheme;
step 1.1, production flow;
step 1.2, production guarantee;
step 1.2.1, guarantee mode:
step 2, material system;
step 2.1, material selection criterion;
step 2.2, main criteria:
2.3, material model selection;
step 3, equipment scheme;
step 3.1, selecting a criterion for equipment;
3.2, selecting the printing head type;
step 3.2.1, main criteria:
step 3.2.2 actual type selection of printing head
Step 4, selecting a model of the movement mechanism;
step 4.1, main criteria;
step 4.2, actually selecting the model of the motion mechanism
Step 5, shaping mechanism type selection;
step 5.1, main criteria;
step 5.2, actually selecting the model by a shaping mechanism:
step 6, printing the bottom plate for model selection;
step 6.1, main criteria;
step 6.2, actual model selection of the printing bottom plate:
step 7, printing a process route;
step 7.1, printing process characteristics;
7.2, printing track characteristics;
7.3, continuously circulating the track;
7.4, overlapping staggered tracks;
step 8, special printing process;
step 8.1, a continuous shaping process;
step 9, selecting a post-processing scheme;
step 9.1, main criteria:
step 9.2, making up for the defects of post-treatment;
and 9.3, integrally optimizing post-treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method has the advantages that: the original 3D printing scheme is lack of certainty and effectiveness, most of the original 3D printing schemes are produced in a multi-trial and error mode, and the printing success rate can be improved to 80% by the printing scheme.
The method has the advantages that: the prior art does not have a process technology route and a production mode corresponding to large-scale printing, and the scheme provides a production mode which can be actually implemented.
The method has the advantages that: in the prior art, all process requirements (precision, sealing, surface hardness, chemical properties and the like) are required to be finished through 3D printing, but the technical mode cannot be achieved, an increase and decrease integrated process mode is adopted in the scheme, and the technical defects are overcome by adopting a composite process mode.
The advantages are that: in the prior art, no actual description and basis are provided for the selection of hardware, and equipment selection under different printing conditions is provided in the scheme, so that the resource waste is reduced, the energy is saved, the equipment space is saved, and the use of production auxiliary tools is reduced.
The advantages are that: in the prior art, the selection of the printing track is selected in a trial and error mode, the structure type of manufacturability is not defined clearly, and no actual basis is given on the design of a workpiece. The scheme clearly illustrates the selection mode of different tracks adopted in different use environments, and provides a basis for workpiece design.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a production flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order that the present disclosure may be more fully understood and fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. While the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
A design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece comprises the following steps:
the sample piece is manufactured by adopting an additive manufacturing production mode, and a production scheme different from the original production system needs to be established.
Firstly, an additive manufacturing material meeting the requirements is selected according to the use environment of the product and the mechanical requirements required in the use process. After the material confirmation, the modeling ability can be confirmed by referring to the design specification, the maximum stacking angle of printing therein, and the like. And (4) carrying out secondary treatment on the model of the existing product by taking the confirmed molding capacity as a design standard. The modification is made to a site that is not required for use but is difficult to make. The parts which do not meet the molding ability are divided, and the rotating component changes the molding direction to meet the production requirement. And (3) after all parts are processed, analyzing the sizes of all parts, and selecting production equipment suitable for the size of a working area. And requires evaluation of the particular manufacturing process (pumpback, solid, support, etc.) that each part needs to be used by the CAM software. Different process units are configured. After the device and equipment are confirmed, the printing parameters (layer height, line width, overlapping amount, etc.) need to be confirmed according to the production capacity of different equipment. The printing parameters need to take into account the dimensional margins required in the post-processing link, and the parameters also need to satisfy the printing characteristics of the printing material. The design of the post-treatment process must be considered based on material, additive manufacturing capability. The post-processing is performed with the purpose of performance completion and structure optimization. If special processes such as splicing, inlaying and the like are generated, the reliability of the process needs to be considered.
Decomposing the scheme;
a production process;
the product is formed by increasing and decreasing composite processing, and the performance and the structure of the product are complemented and optimized by post-treatment. And the additive manufacturing is used for performing semi-finishing on the product to complete the near-net-shape forming manufacturing. Additive manufacturing uses a vertical melt stack approach, i.e., the molten material is extruded and bonded to the previous layer immediately before the workpiece is formed, and then the steps are repeated until the workpiece is completely formed. The technology has low requirement on environment, the production device can easily realize the manufacture of ultra-large products, and most of thermoplastic materials can be used.
And the material reducing processing is responsible for finish machining of the product to finish the appearance of the final product. The material reducing processing adopts a CNC processing mode, and the production mode of the material reducing processing is widely applied to various industry fields. The external dimension, the precision and the surface effect of the product can be ensured.
The post-treatment processing is responsible for the special requirements and performance and structural reinforcement of the product. The post-treatment processing adopts the methods of polishing, bonding and the like. When the preorder process can not meet the specified requirements, other means, namely, post-treatment processing can be adopted to improve the preorder process.
The production flow is shown in figure 1.
Production guarantee;
after the production flow is confirmed, production guarantee needs to be performed on each production node. Namely, the materials, the equipment composition and the process system are selected and designed according to the basis.
The main guarantee mode is as follows:
a) Selecting materials: is selected from the existing material system, and ensures the main performance requirements of the product.
b) The equipment scheme is as follows: the individual components of the plant are selected to ensure production possibilities.
c) The printing process comprises the following steps: the production process (process, working procedure and post-treatment) is responsible for the overall production process, and the generation possibility of the product is guaranteed.
A material system;
a material selection criterion;
the material selection needs to meet the main performance requirements of the product, and the stable performance of the matrix and the applicability of the subsequent process are ensured.
The main criteria are:
a) Basic physical properties: the physical properties of the material should be referred to the flexural strength, flexural modulus, heat distortion temperature, density, hardness of the printed sample strips.
b) Basic chemical properties: the chemical properties of the material should be determined by the weather resistance, acid resistance and fire resistance of the raw materials.
c) Selecting reinforced fillers: the filler should be selected from carbon fibers, glass fibers.
d) Color selection: the colors should be selected as much as possible from the primary colors and the existing colors.
Selecting a material type;
the requirements which have been put forward in relation to the material are:
a) The use environment is as follows: can be used at 60 deg.C for a long period.
b) Within the time range of not less than 2 years, the shape precision of the product does not exceed +/-1 mm.
Materials selected from existing material libraries: ASA01000301A-BK.
ASA01000301A-BK is a glass fiber reinforced (20% by mass) ASA particle with excellent printability, warp resistance and weatherability.
ASA01000301A-BK has the properties shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 ASA01000301A-BK print spline Performance parameter Table
A device scheme;
a device selection criterion;
the equipment selection needs to meet the requirements of yield and material adaptability. The continuous and stable operation of the equipment in production can be ensured and the requirements of the production process can be met.
Selecting a printing head type;
the main criteria are as follows:
a) Actual yield of the equipment: the actual throughput must correspond to the printed material, with different materials corresponding to different actual throughputs.
b) The material extrusion effect is as follows: the extrusion effect needs to meet the basic requirements of printing the melt, namely the surface of the melt is smooth and the interior of the melt is dense.
c) Extrusion property uniformity: the material property parameters must be parameters for the printing of the prototype by this apparatus.
Actually selecting a printing head;
known relevant print head type information:
a) Material SKU is ASA01000301A-BK.
b) The estimated print plane size after model processing is less than 1000mm x 1000mm;
c) Available motion mechanisms: the performance parameters of the BRAM-large robot additive manufacturing system BGAM-five-axis additive and subtractive integrated machine ASA01000301A-BK printing sample band materials are BPH-K10 and BPH-K20 printing sample band parameters. And under the condition that the similar equipment meets the requirements, smaller equipment is selected for production, so that the optimal working state of the equipment is met. So the final print line head selects BPH-K10.
BPH-K10 printhead parameters are shown in Table 2:
selecting a model of the motion mechanism;
a primary criterion;
a) Effective machining size: the device must meet the maximum print containment volume.
Actually selecting a model of the motion mechanism;
known relevant motion mechanism type selection information:
a) The estimated print plane size after model processing is less than 1000mm x 1000mm.
b) Printhead model BPH-K10.
c) Device of BPH-K10 that can be matched:
the BRAM-large robot additive manufacturing system BGAM-five-axis material increase and decrease all-in-one machine equipment selection is small and appropriate, and the principle of energy conservation and environmental protection is advocated. The final motion mechanism was chosen as BRAM-large robotic additive manufacturing system. BRAM-Large robot additive manufacturing System Performance is shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 BRAM-Performance parameter Table of large robot additive manufacturing system
Selecting a model by a shaping mechanism;
a primary criterion;
a) The process has applicability: the form-fitting mechanism needs to satisfy a specific printing process means.
b) Print head suitability: the reforming mechanism needs to be mountable on the designated print head.
Actual model selection of a shaping mechanism:
the known relevant shaping mechanism type selection information:
a) Specific processes are known as follows: and (4) drawing back the track process.
b) Selected printhead model: BPH-10.
Depending on the process and model specifics, the shaping mechanism needs to be switched when printing different parts.
When printing components that do not require pullback, an electric reshaping clapper is used. The parts needing to be drawn back adopt a follow-up roller. Specific equipment performance parameters are shown in table 4, table 5:
TABLE 4RL-30 follower roll Performance parameters
TABLE 5LB-10 follow-up roller Performance parameters
Selecting a type of a printing bottom plate;
a primary criterion;
a) The process has applicability: the base plate needs to be compatible with the printing material.
b) Print head suitability: the reforming mechanism needs to be mountable on the designated print head.
c) Kinematic mechanism availability: the different types of motion mechanisms may have different available base plates.
Actual type selection of a printing bottom plate:
known relevant print backplane type information:
a) Selected materials: ASA01000301A-BK.
b) Selected printing mechanism: BRAM-large robotic additive manufacturing system.
c) Selected printhead model: BPH-10.
According to the selected part and material information, the printing bottom plate uses a vacuum adsorption bottom plate with a heating function. Specific equipment performance parameters are shown in table 6:
TABLE 6 vacuum adsorption sole plate Performance parameters
Printing a process route;
printing process characteristics;
FDM (fused deposition modeling), generally translated domestically into fused deposition modeling, was invented by scott crump in 1988.
The material of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process is typically a thermoplastic material such as ABS, PC, nylon, etc. The material is heated and melted in the spray head. The spray head moves along the section contour and the filling track of the part, and simultaneously extrudes out the melted material, the material is rapidly melted and is bonded with the surrounding material. The printing mode is an additive process means of a bottom-up stacking mode, each layer sheet is formed by stacking on the next layer, and the next layer plays a role in positioning and supporting the current layer.
The cool eagle technology is different from the common wire FDM on the market in material increase and decrease integrated equipment independently researched and developed, the cool eagle adopts particle materials to replace the traditional wire, is characterized in that the price is far lower than that of the wire materials, the printing speed is far higher than that of the wire materials, the fiber reinforced materials can be printed, and the cool eagle integrated equipment is widely applied to a plurality of fields of building landscape, aerospace, ship manufacturing, rail transit, energy, automobiles, medical treatment and the like.
Printing track characteristics;
the printing track determines the structural characteristics of the final product. The structure of the composite material needs to meet the physical property requirements (such as mechanical requirements) of the final product, and also needs to meet the requirements of printing feasibility and post-processing feasibility.
A continuous circular trajectory;
the printing track follows the principle of unity and continuity. The printing process adopts a continuous track to ensure the consistency of the appearance to the maximum extent (the breakpoint has certain accumulated error). The surface of the material reaches the effect of no defect. Since the structural design requires a hollow design inside and a lattice for structural reinforcement, the trajectories exhibit shell-to-lattice cyclicity.
Overlapping the split-level tracks;
when the track planning is printed, the tracks of adjacent layers (the tracks are adjacent to each other on the same plane) of the same layer (the slicing layer) are inevitably encountered. The use of the same height trajectory causes a problem of unstable welding. The trajectory planning is carried out by adopting a mode of stacking the height dislocation and the plane dislocation, so that the final quality of welding can be ensured, and the mechanical property of the product is met.
A special printing process;
a continuous shaping process;
the actual profile of the extruded melt determines the profile effect of the final article and is the first prerequisite to ensure the success rate of printing. Due to the particularity of the process production, the shape of the melt cannot reach the expected shape, so that the melt needs to be shaped in real time.
The shaping process can be continuous slapping and continuous rolling, and the practical application corresponds to the actual production process. The continuous slapping has this better actual printing effect and easier device usability. Continuous rolling has all the advantages of the process, but the device needs a certain process arrangement skill.
A post-treatment protocol;
selecting a post-treatment scheme;
the main criteria are:
a) Functionality: on the premise of ensuring the processing quality of parts and meeting various technical requirements specified by design drawings.
b) The economic efficiency is as follows: the process has higher production efficiency and lower cost.
c) And (3) precision selection: the principle to be followed is "as coarse as possible, as fine as desired".
d) The operation is as follows: the labor intensity of workers is reduced as much as possible, the safe production is ensured, and good and civilized labor conditions are created.
Post-treatment-defect compensation (performance);
when the properties (surface roughness, precision, etc.) of the printed product cannot directly meet the final requirements, post-processing is required to compensate for the properties.
Different processing means need to be adopted corresponding to different problems:
precision processing: when the printed product can not meet the final precision requirement, the precision requirement can be met by adopting a CNC processing mode. Comparative data are shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 comparison of before and after precision processing
And (3) roughness treatment: the surface roughness of the article is often not directly acceptable. And a polishing process is needed to carry out post-treatment in the later period so as to achieve the final roughness requirement.
Post-processing — overall optimization (structure);
the structural requirements of the product cannot be directly completed in printing, and the whole product needs to be optimized by post-treatment. Generally, the methods of assembling and splicing, implanting structural members and the like are adopted. Printing will take precedence over the maximum achievable form size. But is limited by the ability to be formed, requiring the article to be treated in pieces. Finally, the butt joint is carried out by means of bonding. The structural member is implanted by hot melt pressing, and the method is widely used in inserts of traditional plastic products and is also used in daily life.
The invention relates to a design method of a 3D printing general scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample, which has the following requirements:
a) The use environment is as follows: can be used at 60 deg.C for a long period.
b) The molded surface precision is as follows: yellow profile + -0.5 mm, orange profile + -0.1 mm.
c) Within the time range of not less than 2 years, the shape precision of the product does not exceed +/-1 mm.
d) When the sample piece is manufactured, the processing precision and the dimensional stability of the edges and the sharp points of the periphery are ensured.
e) The use requirement of the aluminizing process can be met on the surface of the curved surface sample piece.
The invention relates to a design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample, which has the following production process requirements:
a) Mainly adopts an additive manufacturing production mode.
b) On the premise of meeting 1.2.1, a certain post-treatment mode is used.
c) The main material of the sample piece adopts composite polymer.
d) When the structure is designed, the processing precision and the dimensional stability of the edges and the sharp points of the circumference are ensured.
e) During production, a process which reflects the characteristics of an additive manufacturing production mode is needed.
The project sample is a ship-like product, and the use surface is a bottom part and two side bow parts. The concave part of the top part is a non-production use surface which is used as a connecting end surface for installing and fixing the integral die.
Of particular note are the two side bow portions, the portions where the left and right profiles meet at the top being the converging surfaces. The top is in the shape of a concave grinding cutting edge, and the foremost ends of the bows at the two sides are sharp points. These features are the special shapes that need to be verified for this project.
The bottom of the product needs to be provided with a hoisting ring installation part according to actual requirements, and a proper part installation mode needs to be selected according to an additive manufacturing production mode and material characteristics.
The invention relates to a design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample, which has the following detection standards:
1. service life
a) Materials which have been used for 2 years and are normally used under stress are adopted.
b) The production process which is used continuously and normally under the stress condition is adopted.
2. Detecting the precision of the molded surface:
a) And detecting the curved surface by adopting laser scanning equipment.
b) And (5) performing final precision detection by using a three-coordinate measuring machine.
3. Material aluminizing detection:
a) And detecting a material sample plate, and performing small sample processing of aluminizing on the sample plate.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described above with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the above detailed description of the embodiments of the invention presented in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1.A design method of a 3D printing overall scheme of a large-size special-shaped curved surface sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, decomposing a scheme;
step 1.1, production flow;
step 1.2, production guarantee;
step 1.2.1, guarantee mode:
step 2, material system;
step 2.1, material selection criterion;
step 2.2, main criteria:
2.3, material model selection;
step 3, equipment scheme;
step 3.1, selecting a criterion for equipment;
3.2, selecting the printing head type;
step 3.2.1, main criteria:
step 3.2.2 actual type selection of printing head
Step 4, selecting a model of the motion mechanism;
step 4.1, main criteria;
step 4.2, actually selecting the model of the motion mechanism
Step 5, shaping mechanism type selection;
step 5.1, main criteria;
step 5.2, actually selecting the model by the shaping mechanism:
step 6, printing the bottom plate for model selection;
step 6.1, main criteria;
step 6.2, actual model selection of the printing bottom plate:
step 7, printing a process route;
step 7.1, printing process characteristics;
7.2, printing track characteristics;
7.3, continuously circulating the track;
step 7.4, overlapping staggered-layer tracks;
step 8, special printing process;
step 8.1, a continuous shaping process;
step 9, selecting a post-processing scheme;
step 9.1, main criteria:
step 9.2, making up for the defects of post-treatment;
and 9.3, integrally optimizing post-treatment.
2. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 1, decomposing a scheme;
step 1.1, production flow;
the product molding mode adopts the increase and decrease composite processing molding, and then the performance and the structure of the product are complemented and optimized by post-treatment; the additive manufacturing is responsible for semi-finishing of the product to finish the near-net-shape forming manufacturing; the additive manufacturing adopts a vertical melting stacking mode, namely, the molten material is bonded with the previous layer of material immediately after being extruded, and then the steps are repeated until the workpiece is formed;
the material reducing processing is responsible for finish machining of the product, and the shape of the final product is finished by adopting a CNC (computerized numerical control) processing mode;
the post-treatment processing is responsible for special requirements and performance and structural reinforcement of the product; the post-treatment processing adopts a polishing and bonding method;
step 1.2, production guarantee;
after the production flow is confirmed, production guarantee needs to be carried out on each production node; namely, the material, the equipment composition and the process system are selected and designed according to the basis;
step 1.2.1, guarantee mode:
a) Selecting materials: the main performance requirements of the product are guaranteed by selecting from the existing material system;
b) The equipment scheme is as follows: selecting each component of the equipment to ensure the production possibility;
c) The printing process comprises the following steps: the production process is responsible for the whole production process, and the generation possibility of the product is guaranteed.
3. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 2, material system;
step 2.1, material selection criterion;
the material selection needs to meet the main performance requirements of the product, and the stable performance of the matrix and the applicability of the subsequent process are ensured;
step 2.2, main criteria:
a) Basic physical properties: the physical properties of the material are determined by the bending strength, the bending modulus, the heat distortion temperature, the density and the hardness of a printed sample strip;
b) Basic chemical properties: the chemical properties of the material should be determined by the weather resistance, acid resistance and fire resistance of the raw materials;
c) Selecting reinforced filler: the filler should be selected from carbon fibers, glass fibers;
d) Color selection: the color is selected from primary colors or existing colors;
2.3, material model selection;
the requirements which have been put forward in relation to the material are:
a) The use environment is as follows: long-term use at 60 ℃;
b) Within the time range of not less than 2 years, the precision of the product profile does not exceed +/-1 mm;
materials selected from existing material libraries: ASA01000301A-BK.
4. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 3, equipment scheme;
step 3.1, selecting a criterion for equipment;
equipment selection needs to meet the requirements of yield and material adaptability; the continuous and stable work of the equipment in production can be ensured and the requirements of the production process can be met;
3.2, selecting the printing head type;
step 3.2.1, main criteria:
a) Actual yield of the equipment: the actual yield must correspond to the printed material, and the actual yields for different materials are different;
b) The material extrusion effect is as follows: the extrusion effect needs to meet the basic requirements of printing the melt, namely the surface of the melt is smooth and the interior of the melt is dense;
c) Extrusion property uniformity: the material performance parameters must be the parameters of the printing sample piece of the equipment;
step 3.2.2 actual type selection of printing head
Known relevant print head type information:
a) The material SKU is ASA01000301A-BK;
b) The estimated printing plane size after model processing is less than 1000mm x 1000mm;
c) Available motion mechanisms: the performance parameters of the printing spline of the BRAM-large robot additive manufacturing system BGAM-five-axis additive manufacturing all-in-one ASA01000301A-BK material are the printing spline parameters of BPH-K10 and BPH-K20; and under the condition that the similar equipment meets the requirements, smaller equipment is selected for production, so that the optimal working state of the equipment is met.
5. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 4, selecting a model of the motion mechanism;
step 4.1, main criteria;
a) Effective machining size: the equipment must meet the maximum containment volume of the print;
step 4.2, actually selecting the model of the motion mechanism
Known relevant motion mechanism type selection information:
a) The estimated print plane size after model processing is less than 1000mm x 1000mm;
b) Printhead model BPH-K10;
c) BPH-K10 device that can be matched.
6. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 5, model selection of a shaping mechanism;
step 5.1, main criteria;
a) The process has the following applicability: the shaping mechanism needs to meet a specific printing process means;
b) Print head suitability: the shaping mechanism can be arranged on a designated printing head;
step 5.2, actually selecting the model by a shaping mechanism:
known relevant shaping mechanism type selection information:
a) Specific processes are known as follows: a drawing back track process;
b) Selected printhead model: BPH-10;
according to the process and model specification, when different parts are printed, the shaping mechanism needs to be switched; when printing components which do not need to be drawn back, an electric shaping clapper is used; the parts needing to be pumped back adopt a follow-up roller;
7. the design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 6, printing the bottom plate for model selection;
step 6.1, main criteria;
a) The process has the following applicability: the bottom plate needs to be compatible with printing materials;
b) Print head suitability: the shaping mechanism needs to be mountable on a designated print head;
c) Kinematic mechanism availability: the available base plates for different types of motion mechanisms are different;
step 6.2, actual model selection of the printing bottom plate:
known relevant printing substrate type selection information:
a) Selected materials: ASA01000301A-BK;
b) Selected printing mechanism: BRAM-large robotic additive manufacturing system;
c) Selected printhead model: BPH-10;
according to the selected part and material information, the printing bottom plate uses a vacuum adsorption bottom plate with a heating function.
8. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 7, printing a process route;
step 7.1, printing process characteristics;
fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) materials are heated and melted in a spray head; the spray head moves along the section outline and the filling track of the part, and simultaneously extrudes the melted material, so that the material is quickly melted and is bonded with the surrounding material; the printing mode is a material increase process mode of a bottom-up accumulation mode, each layer sheet is formed by accumulating on the next layer, and the next layer plays a role in positioning and supporting the current layer;
7.2, printing track characteristics;
the printing track determines the structural characteristics of the final finished product; the structure of the composite material needs to meet the physical performance requirement of a final product and also needs to meet the requirements of printing feasibility and post-processing feasibility;
7.3, continuously circulating the track;
the printing track conforms to the principles of integrity and continuity; the consistency of the appearance can be ensured to the maximum extent by adopting a continuous track in the printing process; the surface of the material reaches the effect of no defect; because the structure design needs hollow design inside and needs crystal lattice for structure reinforcement, the track shows the cyclicity from the shell to the crystal lattice to the shell;
7.4, overlapping staggered tracks;
when the printing track is planned, adjacent layer tracks of the same layer are inevitably encountered; the problem of unstable welding can be caused by adopting the same height track; and the trajectory planning is carried out by adopting a mode of stacking height dislocation and plane dislocation.
9. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps: step 8, special printing process;
step 8.1, a continuous shaping process;
the actual shape of the extruded melt determines the shape effect of the final product; the adopted shaping process comprises two types of continuous slapping and continuous rolling, and the practical application corresponds to the actual production process; continuous slapping has the advantages of better actual printing effect and easier device usability; continuous rolling has the process advantages that are all included in the process regime.
10. The design method of the 3D printing overall scheme of the large-size special-shaped curved surface sample piece according to claim 1, wherein the design method comprises the following steps:
step 9, selecting a post-processing scheme;
step 9.1, main criteria:
a) Functionality: on the premise of ensuring the processing quality of parts and meeting various technical requirements specified by design drawings;
b) The economic efficiency is as follows: the process has higher production efficiency and lower cost;
c) And (3) precision selection: the principle to be followed is "as coarse as possible, as fine as desired";
step 9.2, making up for the defects of post-treatment;
when the performance of a printed product cannot directly meet the final requirement, post-treatment is needed to make up for the performance;
different processing means need to be adopted corresponding to different problems:
precision processing: when the printed product can not meet the final precision requirement, the precision requirement can be met by adopting a CNC (computerized numerical control) processing mode;
and (3) roughness treatment: the surface roughness of the product can not directly meet the requirement; in the later stage, a polishing process is adopted for post-treatment so as to achieve the final roughness requirement;
9.3, integrally optimizing post-treatment;
the requirement on the product structure requires post-processing to optimize the whole body when the printing cannot be directly finished; printing will take precedence over the maximum achievable form size; but is limited by the forming capability, and the product needs to be processed in blocks; finally, butt joint is carried out in an adhesion mode, or the structural part is implanted by hot melt pressing.
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