CN206169044U - Complicated thin wall spare forming system based on incremental forming and vibration material disk - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a complicated thin wall spare forming system based on incremental forming and vibration material disk, includes incremental forming system and laser metal deposition system, the incremental forming system includes workstation, three -dimensional moving platform and electric main shaft, and electric main shaft installs on three -dimensional moving platform, the last instrument head that is equipped with of electric main shaft, and the workstation lies in electric main shaft's below, installs anchor clamps on the workstation, is provided with clamping backing plate and blank holder on the anchor clamps, and the blank holder is in the higher authority that presss from both sides the backing plate, laser metal deposition system includes fiber laser, laser head, powder feeder and nozzle, and the nozzle links to each other with the laser head, and laser head and fiber laser are through the fiber connection to continuous with the powder feeder through powder sending pipe, laser head and nozzle install are in three -dimensional moving platform or arm robot. This system can realize the little batch of complicated thin wall spare, the high -efficient manufacturing, has material saving, need not characteristics such as mould, has shortened the manufacturing cycle of complicated thin wall spare.

Description

Forming system of complex thin-wall parts based on incremental forming and additive manufacturing

technical field

The utility model relates to a forming system used for progressive forming and additive manufacturing of complex thin-walled parts with both thin-walled shell and block features, and belongs to the technical field of compound processing.

Background technique

Metal thin-walled components are key structural components and important functional components for lightweight mechanical equipment, and are widely used in transportation (automobiles, rail vehicles, ships), aerospace, machine tools, medical and energy equipment and other fields. With the rapid development of the high-tech industry, higher requirements are put forward for the delivery time and product quality of high-performance, lightweight, variable-batch and complex-shaped thin-walled components, which challenges the existing forming technology. It is urgent to vigorously develop and research new composite digital manufacturing technology, which is an effective way to improve production efficiency and save resource costs, and has great strategic significance for the development and improvement of the technical level and ability of thin-walled component manufacturing of lightweight materials.

Both metal additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology and sheet metal flexible forming technology directly manufacture samples based on the three-dimensional digital model of the target component, which greatly reduces the cycle from design to production, and has many advantages in the manufacture of metal thin-walled components .

Metal additive manufacturing technology is mainly laser metal deposition forming. This method uses the mathematical model of the product to generate layered cross-sectional information, and sinters metal powder layer by layer into the designed shape by laser or electron beam.

Sheet metal flexible forming technology is mainly incremental forming technology. This method divides the overall forming of sheet metal parts into multiple layers separated by contour lines for processing. Each layer is formed according to a certain trajectory, and the final shape is processed layer by layer.

Both methods do not require molds, have high material utilization, and can manufacture complex thin-walled components.

Although the thin-walled components after flexible forming of sheet metal have certain strength, there is still a problem that the strength needs to be improved. Adding stiffeners with block characteristics is an effective way to improve the strength of thin-walled members.

Chinese patent document CN105073376A discloses a "Method for Manufacturing a Composite Formed Body", which includes: using a continuous wave laser to continuously irradiate the joint surface of the metal formed body with laser light at an irradiation speed of 2000 mm/sec or more; In the previous process, the part of the joint surface of the metal molded body after laser irradiation is arranged in a mold, and the resin to be formed into the resin body is injected into the process; or the resin to be formed into the resin molded body is mixed with the resin contained in the previous process. In the process, the process of extrusion molding in a state where the joint surfaces of the metal molded body after laser irradiation are in contact with each other. This method of manufacturing a composite molded body is a method of manufacturing a composite molded body in which a metal molded body and a resin molded body are joined together, and still requires the use of a die.

At present, there is a lack of technology for metal additive manufacturing and sheet metal flexible forming to jointly manufacture metal thin-walled components, forming parts with thin-walled shells and block features at the same time, and flexible manufacturing technologies that can adapt to different geometric features have not yet been seen. reports.

Utility model content

Aiming at the deficiencies in the forming technology of existing complex thin-walled parts with both thin-walled shell and block features, the utility model provides a high-efficiency based Complex thin-wall part forming systems for incremental forming and additive manufacturing.

The complex thin-walled parts forming system based on progressive forming and additive manufacturing of the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

The system includes a progressive forming system and a laser metal deposition system; the progressive forming system includes a worktable, a three-dimensional mobile platform and an electric spindle, the electric spindle is installed on the three-dimensional mobile platform, a tool head is installed on the electric spindle, and the worktable is located on the electric spindle Below, a fixture is installed on the workbench, and the fixture is provided with a clamping backing plate and a blank holder, and the blank holder is on the top of the clamping backing plate; the laser metal deposition system includes a fiber laser, a laser head, a powder feeder and Nozzle, the nozzle is connected with the laser head, the laser head is connected with the fiber laser through the optical fiber, and connected with the powder feeder through the powder feeding pipe, the laser head and the nozzle are installed on the three-dimensional mobile platform or the arm robot.

The three-dimensional mobile platform can be installed on the workbench, or can be separated from the workbench.

The powder feeder, laser and arm robot can all be installed on the workbench, so that the whole system becomes a whole.

The utility model makes full use of the advantages of progressive forming and additive manufacturing to realize mold-free and efficient manufacturing of complex thin-walled components. Through the cooperative work of the progressive forming system and the laser metal deposition system, firstly, the progressive forming system is used to plastically deform the sheet metal components, and secondly, the laser metal deposition system is used to partially accumulate materials. Thin-walled shell parts with rib structure. On the flexibly formed sheet metal components, materials are accumulated by local additive manufacturing methods to form parts with thin-walled shells and block features at the same time, and to develop flexible manufacturing technologies that can adapt to different geometric features to realize the possibility of manufacturing complex parts. Persistent.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the composite forming system of metal components based on incremental forming and additive manufacturing of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of complex thin-walled components formed by composite molding of the utility model.

In the figure: 1. Three-dimensional mobile electric spindle; 2. Tool head; 3. Blank holder; 4. Fixture; 5. Backing plate; 6. Workbench; 7. Plate; 8. Nozzle; 9. Laser head; Arm robot; 11. Control system; 12. Powder feeder; 13. Fiber laser, 14. Thin-walled shell, 15. Rib.

detailed description

The composite forming system of metal components based on progressive forming and additive manufacturing of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 , includes a progressive forming system, a laser metal deposition system and a control system 11 .

The progressive forming system includes a workbench 6, a three-dimensional mobile platform and an electric spindle 1. The three-dimensional mobile platform can be installed on the workbench 6, or can be separated from the workbench 6. The electric spindle 1 is installed on the three-dimensional mobile platform (not shown in the figure), the electric spindle 1 and the three-dimensional mobile platform are connected with the control system 11, and the control system 11 controls the three-dimensional mobile platform to drive the electric spindle 1 in the X, Y, and Z directions To achieve three-dimensional translation and rotation, the control system 11 controls the rotation of the electric spindle 1 . The electric spindle 1 is equipped with a tool head 2, and the working end of the tool head 2 is hemispherical, which is used to extrude the plate to deform it. Driven by the electric spindle 1, the tool head 2 runs according to a pre-programmed progressive forming motion track. The workbench 6 is located below the electric spindle 1 , and the fixture 4 is installed on the workbench 6 . The fixture 4 is used for clamping the backing plate 5 and the blank holder 3 , the backing plate 3 is installed on the fixture 4 , and the blank holder 3 is on the top of the clip backing plate 5 . The backing plate 5 and the blank holder 3 are used to press the plate 7 tightly. The backing plate 5 is located at the bottom of the sheet 7 and contacts it to provide deformation support. The blank holder 3 is located on the upper part of the plate 7 and contacts with it to provide pre-loading. The blank holder 3 is pressed against the area of the plate 7 that does not need to be deformed to press the plate 7. The blank holder 3 is clamped by the clamp 4 . The fixture 4 clamps the blank holder 3 and the backing plate 5 through bolts to form a bolt-tight connection to ensure the pressing effect on the plate 7 . The blank holder 3 , the backing plate 5 and the plate 7 placed between the blank holder 3 and the backing plate 5 are pressed and fixed by the clamp 4 .

The laser metal deposition system includes a fiber laser 13 , a laser head 9 , an arm robot 10 , a powder feeder 12 and a nozzle 8 . The nozzle 8 is connected with the laser head 9 and is a coaxial powder feeding nozzle, which can realize laser-powder feeding coaxial operation. The laser head 9 is connected to the fiber laser 13 through an optical fiber, and is connected to the powder feeder 12 through a powder feeding pipe to realize synchronous powder feeding. A fiber laser 13 provides the energy required for metal deposition. The laser head 9 and the nozzle 8 are installed on the arm robot 10 to realize simultaneous powder feeding and multi-degree-of-freedom deposition. The powder feeder 12, the laser 13 and the arm robot 10 are all connected to the control system 11, and the control system 11 controls the operation of the powder feeder 12, the laser 13 and the arm robot 10, so that the three can work together and move flexibly.

The powder feeder 12, the laser 13 and the arm robot 10 can all be installed on the workbench 6, so that the whole system becomes a whole.

The arm robot 10 can also be omitted, and the laser head 9 and the nozzle 8 can be installed on the three-dimensional mobile platform, so that the laser head 9 and the nozzle 8 can move in three dimensions on the three-dimensional mobile platform.

The control system 11 controls the progressive forming system and the laser metal deposition system to coordinate their work.

Taking the complex thin-walled part shown in FIG. 2 as an example with a bowl-shaped thin-walled shell 14 and a bottom cross-shaped rib 15 (block feature) as an example, the specific process of the above-mentioned system for complex thin-walled parts is described in detail.

1. Forming the thin-walled shell 14

(1) According to the deployment requirements of the bowl-shaped thin-walled shell 14 in the complex thin-walled part shown in FIG.

(2) Place the plate 7 between the backing plate 5 and the blank holder 3, place the backing plate 5 under the area of the plate 7 that does not need to be deformed, put the blank holder 3 on the top, and use the clamp 4 to place the backing plate 5 and the plate 7 Clamp together with blankholder 3.

(3) Generating the motion trajectory of the tool head 2 according to the shape and size parameters of the thin-walled shell 14 in the complex thin-walled part.

(4) The tool head 2 is installed on the main shaft, the movement of the main shaft is controlled by the control system 11, and the plate 7 is deformed layer by layer according to the movement trajectory of the generated tool head 2 until the bowl-shaped thin-walled shell 14 is processed.

2. Additive forming of the thin-walled shell 14

(1) According to the requirements of complex thin-walled parts, the bottom of the incrementally formed thin-walled shell 14 needs to be divided into additive manufacturing areas, and the additive manufacturing path is planned.

(2) Determine the process parameters of additive manufacturing, including laser power, scanning speed and powder feeding volume, etc.

(3) The progressively formed thin-walled shell 14 remains in place, and the control system 11 controls the operation of the arm robot 10. The robot 10 drives the laser head 9 to run according to the planned additive manufacturing path, and the control system 11 controls the powder feeding The laser device 12 feeds powder to the laser head 9, and the control system 11 controls the fiber laser 13 to output the energy required for metal deposition to the laser head 9. The metal powder is fused and deposited on the shell by laser, and is processed and manufactured according to the planned path until the metal powder is deposited on the thin-walled shell. The bottom of the body 14 is processed with a cross-shaped rib 15 to form a complex thin-walled part with the characteristics of a thin-walled shell and a block.

The complex thin-walled parts with thin-walled shell and block features shown in Figure 2, the plate material is 7075 aluminum alloy, the thickness is 1-2mm, and the relevant process parameters are set as:

The diameter of the tool head 2 is selected to be 8-10 mm, and the pressing is controlled by the control system 11, and the amount of each pressing is 0.1-0.2 mm. According to the generated motion track of the tool head 2, the feed rate of the tool head 2 is 1000- 2000mm/min, until the shape parts are processed. Make sure that the laser power is 2000-2500W, the scanning speed is 4-6mm/s, and the powder feeding amount is 2-3g/s.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of complex thin-walled member formation system based on progressive molding and increasing material manufacturing, is characterized in that：Including progressive molding system System, laser metal deposition system and control system；The progressive molding system includes workbench, three-dimensional mobile platform and electronic master Axle, electric main shaft is arranged in three-dimensional mobile platform, and tool heads are housed in electric main shaft, and workbench is located under electric main shaft Side, is provided with fixture on workbench, clamping backing plate and blank holder are provided with fixture, and blank holder is above pad plate；Institute Stating laser metal deposition system includes optical fiber laser, laser head, arm robot, powder feeder and nozzle, nozzle and laser head It is connected, laser head is connected with optical fiber laser by optical fiber, and is connected with powder feeder by powder feeding pipe, laser head and nozzle are installed In arm robot or three-dimensional mobile platform；Electric main shaft, three-dimensional mobile platform, powder feeder, laser instrument and arm robot It is connected with control system.

2. it is characterized in that based on progressive molding and the complex thin-walled member formation system of increasing material manufacturing according to claim 1：Institute State three-dimensional mobile platform to install on the table.

3. it is characterized in that based on progressive molding and the complex thin-walled member formation system of increasing material manufacturing according to claim 1：Institute State powder feeder, laser instrument and arm robot to be respectively mounted on the table.