CN115156846A - New energy motor rotating shaft with hollow structure and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
New energy motor rotating shaft with hollow structure and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115156846A CN115156846A CN202210699123.3A CN202210699123A CN115156846A CN 115156846 A CN115156846 A CN 115156846A CN 202210699123 A CN202210699123 A CN 202210699123A CN 115156846 A CN115156846 A CN 115156846A
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- hollow structure
- shaft section
- shaft
- manufacturing
- motor rotating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
- H02K5/124—Sealing of shafts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/003—Couplings; Details of shafts
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy motor rotating shafts, and particularly discloses a new energy motor rotating shaft with a hollow structure and a manufacturing method thereof. Wherein, hollow structure's new forms of energy motor shaft has realized new forms of energy motor shaft's lightweight design, simultaneously, owing to set up separation portion between first hollow structure and second hollow structure, can completely cut off outside impurity and get into inside the motor, avoid producing adverse effect to motor shaft's dynamic balance. According to the manufacturing method, the solid bar is processed into the new energy motor rotating shaft with the hollow structure through the multi-process cold forging forming process, and the manufacturing method has the advantages of being centralized in forming method, high in production efficiency, mature in process, simple in process steps and excellent in comprehensive mechanical property of the formed motor rotating shaft; the wear resistance and the strength of the local part of the workpiece are improved by combining the medium carbon steel material with the local induction quenching process and adopting the local induction quenching process at the bearing installation part and the spline part.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy motor rotating shafts, in particular to a new energy motor rotating shaft with a hollow structure and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
In the prior art, a rotating shaft of a motor of a new energy automobile is generally of a solid structure, so that the weight of the whole automobile is increased, and the endurance mileage of the new energy automobile is influenced.
The material of the new energy automobile motor rotating shaft in the prior art is generally 20CrMoTi carburizing steel, the production process is generally turning machine processing and heat treatment process, and the heat treatment process adopts integral carburizing and quenching, so that the production cost of the new energy automobile motor rotating shaft is high.
For example: the method for manufacturing the drive motor shaft of the new energy automobile is disclosed in Chinese patent with publication number CN105108456A, the method for manufacturing the drive motor shaft of the new energy automobile is disclosed in Chinese patent with publication number CN108057992A, and the process for machining the drive motor shaft of the new energy automobile is disclosed in Chinese patent with publication number CN 108284301A. The turning and machining combined with the integral carburizing and quenching are adopted as heat treatment processes.
In addition, in order to realize the light weight of the motor rotating shaft of the new energy automobile, the motor rotating shaft is manufactured into a hollow structure, for example, a multi-section hollow motor shaft structure is disclosed as publication No. CN215409734U, and a full hollow motor shaft structure is disclosed as publication No. CN 216131226U.
The hollow structure motor rotating shaft is characterized in that the hollow structure axially penetrates through the whole motor shaft, and external impurities enter the motor through the hollow structure, so that the rotating dynamic balance of the motor shaft can be influenced.
In addition, CN216131226U states that the all-hollow motor shaft structure is formed by forging hollow steel pipes, and has the defect that in the process of cold forging steel pipes, the plastic deformation of the steel pipes is small, which results in poor comprehensive mechanical properties of the workpieces. For this reason, CN215409734U, for example, indicates that the surface of the shaft needs to be further subjected to heat treatment, mechanical treatment or chemical treatment, etc. to improve the surface quality of the shaft, which results in a complicated processing technique of the hollow motor shaft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a new energy motor rotating shaft with an improved structure and a hollow structure and a manufacturing method thereof, so as to solve the corresponding technical defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a manufacturing method of a new energy motor rotating shaft with a hollow structure at least comprises the following process steps:
s1: blanking, namely performing cold shearing blanking on a solid bar to form a blank bar, wherein the solid bar is made of medium carbon steel;
s2: performing cold forging forming, namely performing combined extrusion cold forging forming on the blank bar stock prepared in the step S1 through a die, wherein a prefabricated workpiece formed by cold forging is provided with a first hollow structure and a second hollow structure which extend inwards from the centers of the end surfaces of the two ends along the axial direction, and a blocking part is arranged between the first hollow structure and the second hollow structure;
s3: performing cold forging and upsetting, namely performing cold forging and upsetting forming on the prefabricated workpiece I obtained in the step S2 through a die, wherein the cold forging and upsetting formed prefabricated workpiece II sequentially comprises a first shaft section, a second shaft section and a third shaft section, and the outer diameter of the second shaft section is larger than that of the first shaft section and that of the third shaft section;
s4: necking, namely necking the end part of the third shaft section of the second prefabricated workpiece obtained in the step S3 to form a fourth shaft section and a transition shaft section for connecting the fourth shaft section and the third shaft section, wherein the fourth shaft section has a third hollow structure, and the transition shaft section has a transition hollow structure for communicating the second hollow structure and the third hollow structure;
s5: forming a spline, namely performing cold extrusion forming on the first shaft section of the prefabricated workpiece III prepared in the step 4 through a die, wherein the first shaft section of the prefabricated workpiece IV is provided with the spline;
s6: and induction quenching, namely performing local induction quenching on the position of the spline of the prefabricated workpiece four prepared in the step S5 and the position for mounting the bearing.
In a preferred embodiment, the second shaft section coincides with an axial position of the blocking portion.
In a preferred embodiment, the outer diameter of the first shaft section is the same as the outer diameter of the third shaft section.
In a preferred embodiment, the wall thickness of the transition shaft section is greater than the wall thickness of the third shaft section.
In a preferred embodiment, the splines are internal or external splines.
In a preferred embodiment, in S2, the cross-sectional shape of the second hollow structure and/or the first hollow structure is circular, regular polygon, tooth-shaped or spline-shaped.
A preferred embodiment further comprises a finish turning process step, wherein the finish turning process is positioned between S5 and S6 or after S6.
A new energy motor rotating shaft with a hollow structure is manufactured by the manufacturing method.
Compared with the prior art, the new energy motor rotating shaft with the hollow structure has the advantages that the lightweight design of the new energy motor rotating shaft is realized due to the arrangement of the hollow structure, the weight of the whole vehicle is reduced, and the new energy motor rotating shaft has important significance in improving the endurance mileage of the new energy vehicle. Simultaneously, owing to set up separation portion between first hollow structure and second hollow structure, can completely cut off outside impurity and get into inside the motor, avoid producing adverse effect to motor shaft's dynamic balance.
In this embodiment, the manufacturing method of the new energy motor rotating shaft with the hollow structure has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:
(1) The novel energy motor rotating shaft with the hollow structure is formed through a multi-process cold forging forming process, the shaft shoulder between the first shaft section and the second shaft section and the shaft shoulder between the third shaft section and the second shaft section are formed through a cold forging upsetting process, the splines are formed through a cold extrusion process, the forming methods are concentrated and are all completed on a multi-station press, the production efficiency is high, the light design target is achieved on the premise that the functionality of the motor rotating shaft is guaranteed, and the production cost is reduced.
(2) The new energy motor rotating shaft with the hollow structure is formed by processing the solid bar through the cold forging forming process, the cold forging forming process has the cold work hardening effect, the plastic deformation amount of the material is large, the cold work hardening effect is more obvious, the solid bar is formed into the hollow structure through cold forging, the overall strength of the material basically meets the mechanical property requirement equivalent to hardening and tempering, the process is mature, the process steps are simple, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the formed motor rotating shaft is excellent.
(3) The method has the advantages that the medium carbon steel material is selected to be combined with the local induction quenching process, the rotating shaft of the motor has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties due to the cold forging forming process, the local induction quenching process is adopted at the bearing installation part and the spline part, the abrasion resistance and the strength of the local part of the workpiece are improved, the 20CrMoTi carburizing and quenching process commonly used at present is replaced, the risk of heat treatment deformation is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blank bar formed in step S1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated workpiece I formed in the step S2;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second prefabricated workpiece formed in the step S3;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated workpiece III formed in step S4;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated workpiece D formed in the step S5;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure after processing by the finish turning process;
FIG. 7a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third shaft segment in accordance with the present embodiment, wherein the second hollow structure has a circular cross-sectional shape;
FIG. 7b is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third shaft segment in this embodiment, wherein the second hollow structure has a regular pentagon-shaped cross-section;
FIG. 7c is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third shaft segment in this embodiment, wherein the second hollow structure has a toothed cross-sectional shape;
FIG. 7d is a schematic cross-sectional view of the third shaft segment in this embodiment, wherein the second hollow structure has a spline-shaped cross-sectional shape.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, integrally connected, or detachably connected; may be communication within two elements; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate, and those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
The manufacturing method of the new energy motor rotating shaft with the hollow structure comprises the following process steps:
s1: blanking, namely performing cold shearing blanking on the solid bar to form a blank bar A0 shown in the figure 1.
In this embodiment, the solid bar is made of medium carbon steel, such as 35#, 40Cr, etc., so as to replace a 20CrMoTi alloy steel material commonly used for motor shafts in the prior art. The purpose of using the medium carbon steel is to reduce the material cost firstly, and secondly, the medium carbon steel can adopt a local induction quenching process to improve the local wear resistance and strength, while the traditional motor shaft material can only adopt an integral carburizing and quenching process.
S2: and (3) performing cold forging forming, namely performing combined extrusion and cold forging forming on the blank bar A0 prepared in the step S1 through a die, wherein the structure of a prefabricated workpiece A1 formed by cold forging is shown in fig. 2, the prefabricated workpiece A1 is provided with a first hollow structure A01 and a second hollow structure A02 which extend inwards from the centers of end surfaces of two ends along the axial direction, and a blocking part A00 is arranged between the first hollow structure A01 and the second hollow structure A02.
In this embodiment, the blocking portion a00 blocks the first hollow structure a01 and the second hollow structure a02 from communicating with each other.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the second hollow structure a02 and/or the first hollow structure a01 may be a circle as shown in fig. 7a, a regular pentagon as shown in fig. 7b, a tooth shape as shown in fig. 7c, or a spline shape as shown in fig. 7 d. Of course, fig. 7b shows a regular pentagon, but may be a regular polygon with other number of sides.
When the cross-sectional shape of the second hollow structure a02 and/or the first hollow structure a01 is non-circular, it is possible to increase the rigidity of the corresponding shaft section and to change the resonance frequency of the motor. The natural frequency of the motor is changed, the motor is far away from the resonance area, the vibration phenomenon of the motor during working is improved, and the noise of the motor during working can be obviously reduced.
S3: and (3) performing cold forging and upsetting, namely performing cold forging and upsetting forming on the prefabricated workpiece A1 prepared by the step (S2) through a die, wherein the structure of the prefabricated workpiece A2 subjected to the cold forging and upsetting forming sequentially comprises a first shaft section 10, a second shaft section 20 and a third shaft section 30 along the axial direction as shown in FIG. 3.
Wherein the outer diameter of the second shaft section 20 is larger than the outer diameters of the first shaft section 10 and the third shaft section 30, a first shoulder 21 is formed between the first shaft section 10 and the second shaft section 20, and a second shoulder 22 is formed between the third shaft section 30 and the second shaft section 20.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the outer diameters of the first shaft segment 10 and the third shaft segment 30 are equal.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the second shaft segment 20 coincides with the axial position of the blocking portion a00.
S4: and (3) necking, namely necking and forming the end part of the third shaft section of the second prefabricated part A2 prepared in the step (S3), wherein the third prefabricated part A3 subjected to necking and forming is shown in figure 4, and a fourth shaft section 40 and a transition shaft section 50 for connecting the fourth shaft section 40 and the third shaft section 30 are formed. Wherein the fourth shaft segment 40 has a third hollow structure A03, and the transition shaft segment 50 has a transition hollow structure A04 connecting the second hollow structure A02 and the third hollow structure A03.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the wall thickness of the transition shaft section 50 is greater than the wall thickness of the third shaft section 30 to enhance the local structural rigidity.
It should be noted that the processes and corresponding dies adopted in the process steps S2 to S4 in this embodiment are conventional processing methods in the mechanical field, and details of the processes and dies are not described herein.
S5: and (4) spline forming, namely performing cold extrusion forming on the first shaft section 10 of the prefabricated workpiece three A3 prepared in the step (S4) through a die to form a prefabricated workpiece four A4 shown in the step (5), wherein the internal spline 60 is formed in the first hollow structure A01 of the first shaft section 10.
The splines may be external splines formed on the outer periphery of the first shaft section. Both the cold extrusion forming of the internal spline and the cold extrusion forming of the external spline are conventional technologies, and the forming process and the die are not described in detail herein.
S6: and induction quenching, namely performing local induction quenching on the position of the spline of the four A4 of the prefabricated workpiece prepared in the step S5 and the position for mounting the bearing.
Based on select to use medium carbon steel material in this embodiment, can promote local wearability and intensity through the mode of local induction hardening.
In this embodiment, a finish turning process may be performed on the outer surface of the prefabricated workpiece four A4 between steps S5 and S6, or after step S6, where the finished motor rotation shaft A5 is as shown in fig. 6. The finish turning process is performed when needed, and is not necessarily a manufacturing process.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The manufacturing method of the new energy motor rotating shaft with the hollow structure is characterized by at least comprising the following process steps:
s1: blanking, namely performing cold shearing blanking on a solid bar to form a blank bar, wherein the solid bar is made of medium carbon steel;
s2: performing cold forging forming, namely performing combined extrusion and cold forging forming on the blank bar stock prepared in the step S1 through a die, wherein a prefabricated workpiece formed by cold forging is provided with a first hollow structure and a second hollow structure which axially extend inwards from the centers of the end surfaces of the two ends, and a blocking part is arranged between the first hollow structure and the second hollow structure;
s3: performing cold forging and upsetting, namely performing cold forging and upsetting forming on the prefabricated workpiece I obtained in the step S2 through a die, wherein the cold forging and upsetting formed prefabricated workpiece II sequentially comprises a first shaft section, a second shaft section and a third shaft section, and the outer diameter of the second shaft section is larger than that of the first shaft section and that of the third shaft section;
s4: necking, namely necking the end part of the third shaft section of the second prefabricated workpiece obtained in the step S3 to form a fourth shaft section and a transition shaft section for connecting the fourth shaft section and the third shaft section, wherein the fourth shaft section has a third hollow structure, and the transition shaft section has a transition hollow structure for communicating the second hollow structure and the third hollow structure;
s5: forming a spline, namely performing cold extrusion forming on the first shaft section of the prefabricated workpiece III prepared in the step 4 through a die, wherein the first shaft section of the formed prefabricated workpiece IV is provided with the spline;
s6: and induction quenching, namely performing local induction quenching on the position of the spline of the prefabricated workpiece four prepared in the step S5 and the position for mounting the bearing.
2. A method of manufacture according to claim 1, wherein the second shaft section coincides with an axial position of the dam.
3. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein an outer diameter of the first shaft segment is the same as an outer diameter of the third shaft segment.
4. A method of manufacture in accordance with claim 1, wherein said transition shaft section has a wall thickness greater than a wall thickness of said third shaft section.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the splines are internal splines or external splines.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the cross-sectional shape of the second hollow structure and/or the first hollow structure is circular, regular polygonal, toothed, or spline.
7. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a finish turning process step, the finish turning process being located between S5 and S6 or after S6.
8. A new energy motor rotating shaft with a hollow structure, which is characterized by being prepared by the manufacturing method of any one of claims 1-7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210699123.3A CN115156846A (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | New energy motor rotating shaft with hollow structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210699123.3A CN115156846A (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | New energy motor rotating shaft with hollow structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN115156846A true CN115156846A (en) | 2022-10-11 |
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| CN202210699123.3A Pending CN115156846A (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | New energy motor rotating shaft with hollow structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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