CN115155761A - Preparation process, preparation device and application of large-specific-surface-area ultrafine powder - Google Patents
Preparation process, preparation device and application of large-specific-surface-area ultrafine powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN115155761A CN115155761A CN202210823093.2A CN202210823093A CN115155761A CN 115155761 A CN115155761 A CN 115155761A CN 202210823093 A CN202210823093 A CN 202210823093A CN 115155761 A CN115155761 A CN 115155761A
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019589 hardness Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of superfine powder preparation, and discloses a preparation process, a preparation device and application of superfine powder with a large specific surface area. According to the invention, a plurality of micro-explosion combustion spaces are formed on a material flow path, and materials are subjected to micro-explosion combustion when flowing through each micro-explosion combustion space; can realize multi-stage and intermittent micro-explosion combustion, thereby ensuring that the powdery material can meet the refining requirement. And through the impact collision of deflagration, the particle size of the powdery substance is reduced by multiple levels, the combustion efficiency is high, the material crushing effect is good, and the material refining requirements of various different hardnesses can be met. In practical use, the method can be used for incineration of hazardous waste, manufacture of industrial powder, manufacture of powder of building materials and ceramic raw materials, and the like. Through practical production verification, when the process and the device for preparing the superfine powder provided by the invention are used for recycling aluminum ash (hazardous waste incineration), corundum components in the aluminum ash can be crushed to a nanometer level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superfine powder preparation, and particularly discloses a preparation process, a preparation device and application of superfine powder with a large specific surface area.
Background
The ultrafine powder is generally particles with the particle size of micron or nanometer, and has larger specific surface area, higher surface activity and better surface energy compared with a bulk conventional material, so that the ultrafine powder has wider application space. The ultrafine powder as a functional material has been widely studied in recent years and is more and more widely applied in various fields of national economic development.
At present, the common powder refining technology generally has the following two schemes: 1) Calcining and roasting, namely pyrolyzing a blocky raw material or a coarse-grained raw material by using a rotary furnace or a rotary kiln to obtain a fine powder material, and has the problems of low efficiency, easy caking, secondary treatment and the like. 2) Grinding treatment, namely grinding the blocky raw materials or the coarse granular raw materials into fine powder materials by using grinding equipment, which is only suitable for some materials with lower hardness, and the scheme is difficult to apply for some superhard and difficult-to-grind materials such as corundum and the like.
In the prior art, there are also some micro-explosion powder-making techniques, such as chinese patent application with publication number CN110961646a, which discloses a metal powder and a method for preparing the same, placing an electrode and a metal workpiece at two poles of a power supply, adjusting a discharge gap between the electrode and the metal workpiece through a motion control system, generating arc plasma, when the arc plasma acts on the surfaces of the electrode and the metal workpiece, causing the surfaces of the electrode and the metal workpiece to melt to form a melting zone, simultaneously introducing a fluid medium into the discharge gap, causing a change in working form of the arc plasma by controlling a flow rate of the fluid medium and a relative rotation speed of the electrode or the metal workpiece, causing the melting zone to generate micro-explosion, crushing and throwing away a material located in the melting zone, condensing the crushed molten material in the fluid medium, and collecting the condensed fine spherical powder to obtain primary powder. However, the technology is only suitable for conductive bulk metal, is difficult to be applied to some materials which are powder or non-conductive, and cannot meet the requirement of further refining treatment of the powder.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation process and application of a large-specific-surface-area ultrafine powder body with high treatment efficiency, wide application range and small particle fineness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A preparation process of superfine powder with large specific surface area comprises flowing powdery material to be refined with air to form multiple microexplosion combustion spaces on the material flow path; the materials are subjected to micro-explosion combustion when flowing through each micro-explosion combustion space, and finally the superfine powder with large specific surface area is prepared.
More preferably, the number of the micro-explosion combustion spaces is three or more.
More preferably, the micro-explosion combustion in each micro-explosion combustion space is realized by controlling the concentration of the powdery material and the concentration of oxygen; during control, the oxygen concentration sensor is used for detecting the change of the oxygen concentration, and the supply amount of the powdery material and the supply amount of the air are adjusted according to the change condition of the oxygen concentration; the supplied powdery material is powdery material to be refined or powdery material for auxiliary combustion.
More preferably, the micro-explosion combustion time is controlled by controlling the concentration of the powdery material.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a device for preparing ultrafine powder with a large specific surface area, comprising a combustion chamber, wherein a plurality of partitions arranged in an up-and-down staggered manner are arranged in the combustion chamber, each partition divides the whole combustion chamber into a plurality of circuitous and continuous combustion spaces, a combustion hot air inlet, a feeding port and a micro-explosion combustion control member are arranged in a first combustion space, a micro-explosion combustion control member is arranged in a subsequent combustion space, and a discharge port is arranged in the last combustion space; the micro-explosion combustion control component comprises an oxygen concentration testing port, a material supply port and an air supply port.
More preferably, the micro-explosion combustion control members are alternately arranged at intervals on the subsequent combustion spaces.
More preferably, the air supply port is located at the bottom of the combustion space, and the oxygen concentration test port and the material supply port are located on the side wall of the combustion space.
More preferably, the combustion hot air inlet is connected with a blower, and the discharge port is provided with an induced draft fan; and the powdery material is directly discharged from the discharge hole under the action of the combustion hot air blown by the air blower, so that the discharge is realized.
More preferably, a corresponding collection hopper is provided at the lower side of the combustion space; and (3) grading and recycling the refining degree of the powdery material through different material collection hoppers, and repeatedly feeding the recycled material with coarser particles from the feeding port to fully refine the material.
As another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides an application of the preparation process of the ultrafine powder with large specific surface area in hazardous waste incineration and industrial powder manufacture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a plurality of micro-explosion combustion spaces are formed on a material flow path, and materials are subjected to micro-explosion combustion when flowing through each micro-explosion combustion space; can realize multi-stage and intermittent micro-explosion combustion, thereby ensuring that the powdery material can meet the refining requirement. And through the impact collision of deflagration, the particle size of the powdery substance is reduced by multiple levels, the combustion efficiency is high, the material crushing effect is good, and the material refining requirements of various different hardnesses can be met. In practical use, the method can be used for incineration of hazardous waste, manufacture of industrial powder, manufacture of powder of building materials and ceramic raw materials, and the like. Through practical production verification, when the process and the device for preparing the superfine powder provided by the invention are used for recycling aluminum ash (hazardous waste incineration), corundum components in the aluminum ash can be crushed to a nanometer level.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for preparing ultrafine powder with a large specific surface area according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the apparatus for preparing ultrafine powder with large specific surface area according to the present invention.
Reference numerals indicate the same.
1: combustion chamber, 2: separator, 3-1: first combustion space, 3-2: last combustion space, 4: combustion hot air introduction port, 5: dog-house, 6: oxygen concentration test port, 7: material supply port, 8: air supply port, 9: discharge port, 10: a collection hopper.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the terms of orientation, such as "central", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., it indicates that the orientation and positional relationship shown in the drawings are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated without limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.
Furthermore, if the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, they are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. Thus, a definition of "a first" or "a second" feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the feature, and in the description of the invention, "at least" means one or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "assembled", "connected", and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; mechanical connection is also possible; the two elements can be directly connected or connected through an intermediate medium, and the two elements can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, "above" or "below" a first feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "above," "below," and "above" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply an elevation which indicates a level of the first feature being higher than an elevation of the second feature. The first feature being "above", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings of the specification, so that the technical solutions and the advantages thereof are more clear and clear. The embodiments described below are exemplary by referring to the drawings, are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
A preparation process of superfine powder with large specific surface area comprises the following preparation principles: forming a material flow flowing with air by the powdery material, and forming a plurality of micro-explosion combustion spaces on a material flow path; the materials are subjected to micro-explosion combustion when flowing through each micro-explosion combustion space, and the particle size of the materials is reduced by times through impact collision formed by the micro-explosion combustion, so that the purpose of refining the materials is achieved.
The micro-explosion combustion in each micro-explosion combustion space is realized by controlling the concentration of the powdery material and the concentration of oxygen, and the concentration of the powdery material and the concentration of oxygen are different according to different components of the powdery material, and can be measured through experiments and then accurately controlled.
The oxygen concentration (volume concentration) required by the micro-explosion combustion is generally below 18%, and during control, the change of the oxygen concentration can be detected through an oxygen concentration sensor, and the supply amount of the powdery material and the supply amount of air are adjusted according to the change condition of the oxygen concentration to ensure that the oxygen concentration meets the requirement of the micro-explosion combustion. It should be noted that, when the requirement of the micro-explosion combustion concentration is satisfied by supplementing the powdery material, the supplemented powdery material and the powdery material to be refined from the preformed material flow may be the same material, or powdery materials for combustion assistance such as carbon powder and wood dust.
The micro-explosion combustion time in each micro-explosion combustion space is related to the concentration and the property of the powdery material. According to different specific powdery substances, the relation between the concentration of the powdery substances and the micro-explosion combustion time can be measured through experiments, and then the supply amount of the powdery substances is controlled according to the set micro-explosion combustion time so as to meet the requirement of the micro-explosion combustion time.
The micro-explosion refining degree of the powdery material is positively correlated with the micro-explosion combustion frequency. In practical application, the micro-explosion combustion times are automatically set according to the particle level of the powdery material and the required particle level, so that the powdery material can reach the fineness requirement after multiple times of micro-explosion combustion.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for preparing ultrafine powder with large specific surface area by micro-explosion combustion comprises a combustion chamber 1, wherein a plurality of partition plates 2 are arranged in the combustion chamber 1 in a vertically staggered manner, each partition plate 2 divides the whole combustion chamber 1 into a plurality of circuitous and continuous combustion spaces, a combustion hot air inlet 4, a feeding port 5 and a micro-explosion combustion control member are arranged on a first combustion space 3-1, the micro-explosion combustion control members are arranged on each subsequent combustion space at intervals, and a discharge port 9 is arranged on the last combustion space 3-2; the micro-explosion combustion control component comprises an oxygen concentration testing port 6, a material supply port 7 and an air supply port 8.
It should be noted that the number of the micro-explosion combustion spaces is set according to actual needs, and is generally more than three, so as to meet the micro-explosion crushing requirements of most materials. In this embodiment, the partition board 2 is adopted to divide the whole combustion chamber 1 into a plurality of circuitous and continuous combustion spaces, so that not only can the combustion path of the powdery material be effectively prolonged, but also the alternately arranged microexplosion combustion spaces can be formed by combining the alternately arranged microexplosion combustion control components. When carrying out the microexplosion burning, can mend excessive material and air in advance and carry out normal combustion, along with going on of burning and get into the microexplosion burning in next combustion space automatically, whole technological process is: receiving material, micro-explosion combustion, material adding combustion, micro-explosion deflagration, additive combustion, micro-explosion combustion, combustion and discharging.
The device has the advantages of more convenient control and long duration of micro-explosion combustion, thereby achieving the best micro-explosion refining effect of the powdery material. Obviously, in other embodiments, a person skilled in the art may also set a micro-explosion combustion control component on each subsequent combustion space according to different actual needs, as long as the micro-explosion combustion effect can be achieved; the present embodiment is not limited.
In this embodiment, the air supply port 8 is preferably located at the bottom of the combustion space, and the oxygen concentration test port 6 and the material supply port 7 are preferably located on the side wall of the combustion space. Therefore, the oxygen concentration testing accuracy can be provided, and the subsequent supplemented powdery material can be rapidly dispersed.
In addition, in this embodiment, the powder material to be refined fed through the feeding port 5 has fine particles, and can be directly discharged from the discharging port 9 under the action of the combustion hot air blown by the blower, so as to realize discharging. In order to provide the discharging effect, an induced draft fan is preferably arranged on the discharging port 9.
In connection with fig. 2, when the powdery material to be refined fed through the feed opening 5 is itself coarse in particle size, a corresponding collecting hopper 10 may be provided at the lower side of the combustion space. The grading of the refining degree of the powdery materials can be realized through the collecting hopper 10, and the materials which are recycled and have coarser particles can be repeatedly fed from the feeding port 5 to realize the full refining of the materials.
Compared with the prior art, the process and the device for preparing the superfine powder with large specific surface area can realize multi-stage and intermittent micro-explosion combustion by actively adjusting the concentration of the powdery material, the concentration of oxygen and the like, thereby ensuring that the powdery material can meet the refining requirement. And through the impact collision of deflagration, the particle size of the powdery substance is reduced by multiple levels, the combustion efficiency is high, the material crushing effect is good, and the material refining requirements of various different hardnesses can be met. In practical use, the method can be used for incineration of hazardous waste, manufacture of industrial powder, manufacture of powder of building materials and ceramic raw materials, and the like.
Practical production verifies that when the process and the device for preparing the ultrafine powder provided by the embodiment are used for recycling aluminum ash (hazardous waste incineration), corundum (alpha-alumina) components in the aluminum ash can be crushed to a nanometer level.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description of construction and principles that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that modifications and substitutions based on the teachings of the art may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Details not described in the detailed description are prior art or common general knowledge.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation process of superfine powder with large specific surface area is characterized in that powder materials to be refined flow together with air, and a plurality of micro-explosion combustion spaces are formed on a material flow path; the materials are subjected to micro-explosion combustion when flowing through each micro-explosion combustion space, and finally the superfine powder with large specific surface area is prepared.
2. The process for preparing ultrafine powder with large specific surface area according to claim 1, wherein the number of the micro-explosion combustion spaces is more than three.
3. A process for preparing superfine powder with large specific surface area according to claim 1, wherein the microexplosion combustion in each microexplosion combustion space is realized by controlling the concentration of powdery material and oxygen; during control, the oxygen concentration sensor is used for detecting the change of the oxygen concentration, and the supply amount of the powdery material and the supply amount of the air are adjusted according to the change condition of the oxygen concentration; the supplied powdery material is powdery material to be refined or powdery material for auxiliary combustion.
4. The process for preparing ultrafine powder with large specific surface area according to claim 1, wherein the micro-explosion combustion time is controlled by controlling the concentration of the powdery material.
5. A preparation device of superfine powder with large specific surface area is characterized by comprising a combustion chamber, wherein a plurality of partition plates which are staggered up and down are arranged in the combustion chamber, each partition plate divides the whole combustion chamber into a plurality of circuitous and continuous combustion spaces, a combustion hot air inlet, a feed inlet and a micro-explosion combustion control member are arranged on a first combustion space, the micro-explosion combustion control member is arranged on the subsequent combustion space, and a discharge outlet is arranged on the last combustion space; the micro-explosion combustion control component comprises an oxygen concentration testing port, a material supply port and an air supply port.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the micro-explosion combustion control members are alternately disposed in the subsequent combustion spaces.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the air supply port is located at the bottom of the combustion space, and the oxygen concentration test port and the material supply port are located on the side wall of the combustion space.
8. The apparatus for preparing ultrafine powder with large specific surface area according to claim 5, wherein the combustion hot air inlet is connected with an air blower, and the discharge outlet is provided with an induced draft fan; and the powdery material is directly discharged from the discharge hole under the action of the combustion hot air blown by the air blower, so that the discharge is realized.
9. The apparatus for preparing ultrafine powder with large specific surface area according to claim 5, wherein a corresponding collecting hopper is provided at the lower side of the combustion space; and grading and recovering the refining degree of the powdery material through different material collecting hoppers, and repeatedly feeding the recovered material with coarse particles from the feeding port to realize the sufficient refining of the material.
10. The use of the process according to any one of claims 1-5 for preparing ultrafine powders with large specific surface area in hazardous waste incineration and industrial powder production.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1108155A (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1995-09-13 | 常万奎 | Method for prepn. of micro- or supermicro- powder |
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| CN204171360U (en) * | 2014-11-02 | 2015-02-25 | 崔建勋 | Blasting prepares the Novel powder collecting device of nano metal powder |
| CN109894625A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-18 | 西安近代化学研究所 | A kind of multifibres electric detonation explosion unit |
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| CN209811238U (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-12-20 | 四平市高斯达纳米材料设备有限公司 | Negative electrode adjusting device for metal nano powder preparation equipment by electric explosion method |
| CN110961646A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-04-07 | 深圳航科新材料有限公司 | Metal powder and method for producing same |
| EP3791962A1 (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2021-03-17 | Messer Group GmbH | Method and device for comminuting electricity storage devices containing alkali metals |
| CN113843034A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 刘治港 | Utilize supplementary broken rubble device of chemical explosion |
-
2022
- 2022-07-13 CN CN202210823093.2A patent/CN115155761B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1108155A (en) * | 1994-03-05 | 1995-09-13 | 常万奎 | Method for prepn. of micro- or supermicro- powder |
| JP2012135749A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-19 | Kassui Plant Kk | Ultrafine grinding device and ultrafine grinding method |
| CN204171360U (en) * | 2014-11-02 | 2015-02-25 | 崔建勋 | Blasting prepares the Novel powder collecting device of nano metal powder |
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| CN113843034A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | 刘治港 | Utilize supplementary broken rubble device of chemical explosion |
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| CN115155761B (en) | 2024-04-23 |
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