CN115152364A

CN115152364A - Film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine and film-covered direct sowing method

Info

Publication number: CN115152364A
Application number: CN202210785401.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张守丽; 韩昆; 祝勇仁; 龚辉; 沈琦琦
Original assignee: Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-04
Filing date: 2022-07-04
Publication date: 2022-10-11
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-04
Also published as: CN115152364B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sowing in agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a film-covered type precision hole direct sowing machine and a film-covered direct sowing method, wherein the film-covered type precision hole direct sowing machine comprises a base frame, wherein a travelling wheel, a precision hole sowing device and a film covering device are arranged on the base frame, the precision hole sowing device is provided with a seed outlet, and the film covering device is positioned behind the precision hole sowing device so as to facilitate hole sowing and film covering; the mulching film device comprises a mulching film roll which is rotatably connected to the base frame and two adjacent rubber rollers which are matched with each other, the rubber rollers are positioned behind the mulching film roll, and a mulching film discharged by the mulching film roll passes through between the two rubber rollers and extends backwards; the outer circumferential surface of any rubber roller is provided with a bulge and punching needles for puncturing the mulching film, the number of the punching needles is a plurality of punching needles which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the corresponding arc length between every two adjacent punching needles is equal to the hole distance between every two adjacent holes of rice seeds when the base frame moves to be planted in the holes; the punching needle corresponds to the position of the grain outlet hole in the transverse direction of the base frame. The invention can achieve the effect of accurately covering the hole and the film while sowing, improve the farming efficiency and reduce the cost.

Description

Film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine and film-covered direct sowing method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sowing in agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine and a film-covered direct sowing method.

Background

The direct seeding cultivation technique of rice is a cultivation method for directly seeding rice seeds in a field by mechanical equipment, and has gradually become an important cultivation mode for rice production due to the advantages of simplified process, labor reduction, high yield, high efficiency and the like. The mode of directly sowing rice seeds is different from the traditional rice transplanting mode, and the rice seeds grow to a certain height in the rice transplanting mode, so that the growth of weed seeds around the land can be naturally inhibited, and the influence of weeds on the rice is reduced; the mode of directly sowing the rice seeds has the advantages that the rice seeds and the grass seeds grow in the same period in the land, the growth speed of the grass seeds is high, and weeds growing before the rice seeds can seriously inhibit the growth of the rice seeds. The herbicide can solve the problem that weeds inhibit the growth of rice seeds, but has the problem of pollution to the land and the environment; the direct seeding and mulching of degradable film on the land is one other effective means of preventing weed, and the degradable film limits the growth of weed and has rice seed growing pores for rice seed to grow. At present, for a large-area precise hole direct seeding mode, the difficulty of film covering and accurate reserving of rice seed growing pores on a degradable film is high, the manual workload is large, and the implementation is basically impossible; in practice, the large-area precise hole direct seeding is also a introduced technology, and is a factory production mode, wherein a degradable film is prepared, rice seeds in holes are adhered to the growth pore positions of the rice seeds on the degradable film, then the rice seeds are directly laid on the land, and a proper amount of soil is covered on the land. But the introduced technology has high cost and low efficiency, and can not be adapted to the precision hole direct seeding equipment which is developed and used in large quantity at present.

In addition, the key point of research and development of the current precision hole direct seeding equipment is the realization of two main functional parts, namely hole grouping and seeding, related equipment mostly adopts a rigid seeding disc structure, in order to realize the continuity of hole grouping and seeding, the diameter of the disc structure is required to be larger, and hole holes which are uniformly distributed are arranged as much as possible in the circumferential direction of the disc structure, when the hole holes rotate upwards along with the disc structure, rice seeds meeting the quantity requirement are placed in the hole holes to be subjected to hole grouping, when the hole holes rotate downwards along with the disc structure, seeding is carried out, and the operation is carried out in a circulating mode. But the curvature radius on whole seeding disc structure circumference is the same, when the cave hole that has splendid attire the kind of rice rotated along with disc structure, after the horizontal radius of water, continued downwards, can not only the kind of rice in a cave hole have the trend that drops downwards to, the cave hole needs certain time from slope down gradually to being vertical downwards orientation completely, leads to the kind of rice to pour out, the process time of seeding is longer, has influenced the cavitation nature of seeding.

A rice compound hill planter disclosed as traditional pure mechanical structure equipment CN104285551A adopts a partition plate flow guide type hill planter which is of a rigid disc structure, a plurality of rice seed sowing holes are uniformly distributed on the hill planter in the circumferential direction at intervals, rice seeds enter the hill planter from a rice seed supply pipe after passing through a seed sowing device, then are thrown out of the sowing holes along with the tangent line of the hill planter under the action of rotation, and the sowing mode has poor hole forming performance and influences the sowing quality and yield. CN108076742A discloses a rice precision hill planter, which can solve the existing problems by electromechanical combination, and also adopts a transmission disc, wherein a plurality of grain storage chambers are uniformly distributed on the transmission disc, and because of the existence of horizontal radius, the rice seeds in the grain storage chambers containing the rice seeds can drop downwards, a valve controlled by a touch switch is correspondingly arranged at the mouth part of each grain storage chamber, thereby playing a similar function of a seed protection mechanism, and the valve is not opened until the grain storage chambers rotate to be in a vertical downward state, so that the rice seeds in the grain storage chambers can accurately drop into a sowing channel, and the hole forming performance of sowing is improved. However, the touch switch and the valve are correspondingly arranged at the mouth of each grain storage chamber, so that the complexity of the structure is improved, and the possibility of damaging rice seeds by pulling exists in the sliding opening process of the valve. How to seek a better solution, ensure the smooth proceeding of the processes of hole grouping and seeding, ensure the hole forming performance of seeding, and is one of the directions for further optimizing and improving.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine and a film-covered direct sowing method, so that the problems that the existing hole sowing equipment cannot simultaneously perform sowing and effectively and accurately cover films are solved, the effect of accurately covering films on holes while sowing is achieved, the farming efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the film covering type precision hole direct sowing machine comprises a base frame, wherein travelling wheels are connected to two sides of the base frame respectively, a precision hole sowing device is arranged on the base frame so as to carry out hole sowing along with the travelling of the base frame, a seed outlet hole is formed in the precision hole sowing device so as to guide the output of hole sowing rice seeds to fall to the ground, a film covering device is further arranged on the base frame, and the film covering device is located behind the precision hole sowing device in the travelling direction of the base frame so as to complete the film covering operation after the hole sowing and the hole sowing simultaneously; the mulching film device comprises a mulching film roll which is rotatably connected to the base frame and two adjacent rubber rollers which are matched to use, the two rubber rollers are positioned behind the mulching film roll, and a mulching film discharged from the free end of the outer side of the mulching film roll penetrates between the two rubber rollers and extends backwards;

a plurality of perforating needles which are used for puncturing the mulching film are arranged on the outer circumferential surface of any rubber roller, and in the circumferential direction of the rubber roller,

the number of the perforating needles is one, the perimeter of the rubber roller is equal to the hole distance of the rice seeds in two adjacent holes when the base frame runs in the holes for sowing,

or the number of the punching needles is a plurality of punching needles which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the arc length of the outer circumferential surface of the rubber roller corresponding to the adjacent punching needles is equal to the hole distance of the rice seeds in two adjacent holes when the base frame is used for walking hole sowing;

in the transverse direction of the base frame, the punching needles correspond to the positions of the grain outlet holes.

Further perfecting the technical scheme, any rubber roller is in driving connection with a driving source on the base frame, the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rubber rollers are mutually abutted so that the output speed of the mulching film is equal to the linear speed of the outer circumferential surface of the rubber roller when the rubber roller rolls, and the traveling speed of the base frame is equal to the output speed of the mulching film.

Furthermore, the upper surface of the base frame is connected with an earth covering frame, and the earth covering frame comprises a bottom plate and side vertical plates extending forwards and backwards along two sides of the bottom plate; the base frame is also provided with a plurality of soil covering lifters arranged in a transverse row at intervals, the soil covering lifters are positioned in front of the precision hole sowing device and comprise vertical conveying sleeves, the upper ends of the conveying sleeves penetrate through the front part of the bottom plate, rotatable spiral lifting rods are coaxially arranged in the conveying sleeves, and the lower ends of the spiral lifting rods extend downwards out of the conveying sleeves so as to lift soil from the soil and lift and convey the soil to the bottom plate; the bottom plate is the downward sloping setting backward, and the back of bottom plate extends backward and surpasss two rubber rollers.

Furthermore, a cutter for cutting the mulching film is rotatably connected to the base frame, the cutter is in a long-strip plate shape, two ends of the cutter are connected with the base frame through a rotating shaft, one side edge of the cutter facing the rear side is full of teeth for cutting the mulching film, a row of soil passing holes are formed in the cutter at intervals along the length direction of the cutter, and the soil passing holes are located right below the rear edge of the bottom plate;

the mulching film guide plate is connected to the base frame and inclines backwards and downwards, the mulching film guide plate is located below the two rubber rollers and the cutter, and the mulching film penetrates through the space between the two rubber rollers, then penetrates through the space between the cutter and the mulching film guide plate and extends backwards; the base frame is movably connected with a cutter lifting rod, and the cutter lifting rod is connected with a cutter in a driving mode through a linkage mechanism.

Furthermore, the precision hole sowing device comprises an outer shell and is connected to the base frame through the outer shell, a group separating mechanism is arranged in the outer shell, the output of the group separating mechanism is connected with the hole sowing mechanism to output rice seeds to the hole sowing mechanism, and the hole sowing mechanism is used for hole combination and sowing of the rice seeds; the group hole sowing mechanism comprises small-diameter sowing belt wheels and large-diameter seed storage belt wheels which are arranged at intervals, flexible sowing belts are connected on the small-diameter sowing belt wheels and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheels in a tensioning mode together, a plurality of concave hole holes are arranged on the outer side surface of the sowing belt at intervals along the length direction of the sowing belt,

the diameter of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel is smaller than that of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel, the axes of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel are both horizontally arranged and are parallel to each other, and the bottoms of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel are positioned on the same horizontal plane so that the corresponding seeding belt section is in a horizontal state;

the middle part of one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel, which is far away from the small-diameter seeding belt wheel, to the corresponding seeding belt section at the top of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel form a group hole working section, and the output of the population separating mechanism is connected with the group hole working section so as to output the rice seeds into hole holes on the group hole working section;

the small-diameter seeding belt wheel is formed into a seeding working section from the middle part of one side, away from the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel, of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel to a seeding belt section corresponding to the bottom of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel, and the seed outlet hole is correspondingly formed in the outer shell below the seeding working section.

Further, the straight line distance between adjacent holes on the sowing belt is not less than one fourth of the circumference of the outer circumference of the small-diameter sowing belt wheel.

Furthermore, the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel comprises a core shaft part and two radial plates which are respectively fixedly connected with the two ends of the core shaft part and are opposite to each other in parallel, a lower segmentation wheel, a middle segmentation wheel and an upper segmentation wheel are rotatably connected between the two radial plates, the lower segmentation wheel, the middle segmentation wheel and the upper segmentation wheel are all positioned on the outer side of the core shaft part, and the axes of the lower segmentation wheel, the middle segmentation wheel and the upper segmentation wheel are all parallel to the axis of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel;

the lower segmenting wheel is positioned at the lower part of one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel, which is far away from the small-diameter seeding belt wheel, and the bottom of the lower segmenting wheel and the bottom of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel are positioned on the same horizontal plane;

the middle segmentation wheel is positioned in the middle of one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel, which is far away from the small-diameter seeding belt wheel; the upper segmenting wheel is positioned at the upper part of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel, and the top of the upper segmenting wheel is higher than that of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel;

the seeding belt is connected to the small-diameter seeding belt wheel, the lower segmenting wheel, the middle segmenting wheel and the upper segmenting wheel in a tensioning manner; the mandrel part and the two radial plates of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel are fixed relative to the outer shell;

the sowing belt section between the middle subsection wheel and the upper subsection wheel is formed into the group of hole working sections.

Furthermore, the hole is positioned in the middle of the outer side surface of the sowing belt, and blocking edges which extend for a circle along the length direction of the sowing belt are respectively vertically and upwards convexly arranged on the two sides of the hole on the outer side surface of the sowing belt;

a seeding belt section of a straight-line section between the hole-combining working section and the seeding working section forms a hole seed conveying section; the seed protection mechanism is also arranged in the outer shell and comprises two seed protection belt wheels which are arranged at intervals, the two seed protection belt wheels are jointly tensioned and connected with a flexible seed protection belt, and a plurality of seed protection baffles are convexly arranged on the outer side surface of the seed protection belt at intervals along the length direction of the seed protection belt;

the axes of the two seed protecting belt wheels are horizontally arranged and are parallel to each other, the seed protecting belt is positioned above the hole seed conveying section, a seed protecting working section is formed by a seed protecting belt section which is close to the hole seed conveying section and is in a straight line section, the seed protecting working section is parallel to the hole seed conveying section, the length of the seed protecting working section is greater than that of the hole seed conveying section and covers the hole seed conveying section, and a seed protecting baffle on the seed protecting working section extends into a position between two side blocking edges on the hole seed conveying section;

the linear distance between the adjacent holes on the seeding belt is the same as the linear distance between the adjacent seed protection baffles on the seed protection belt, and the holes on the seed hole conveying section are positioned between the two corresponding seed protection baffles;

the seed protection mechanism is in transmission connection with the hole sowing mechanism through the transmission mechanism, and the linear velocity of the seed protection belt is the same as that of the sowing belt.

Furthermore, the population separating mechanism comprises a seed box, the seed box is fixedly connected in the outer shell, the bottom of the seed box is connected with a screening unit through a downward pipeline, the screening unit comprises a screening box body with an open top end and a side face, the bottom of the screening box body is connected to the outer shell through a vibrator, and the bottom of the seed box is communicated with the upper end of the screening box body through a downward pipeline so that rice seeds in the seed box can be replenished and fall into the screening box body; the bottom of one side surface of the opening of the screening box body is connected with a guide plate which extends outwards, the guide plate extends downwards in an inclined mode, and the free end of the guide plate is output and connected with the group cavity working section; the open side surface of the screening box body is detachably connected with a grate leakage plate, and the grate leakage plate is uniformly and fully provided with grain passing holes which penetrate through the grate leakage plate so that rice seeds in the screening box body can fall out of the grain passing holes to the guide plate along with vibration; a plurality of layers of grate plates are arranged in the screening box body at intervals up and down so as to layer rice seeds in the screening box body, so that the efficiency of falling out of the grain passing holes is improved, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the grate plates; the guide plate is of a gradually narrowing structure from the connecting end to the free end, the free end of the guide plate extends to the two side blocking edges of the hole-assembling working section, the middle part of the free end of the guide plate extends and is convexly provided with a tongue plate, and the tongue plate extends to the position between the two side blocking edges so as to convey rice seeds into the hole; the two sides of the guide plate are connected with upward side vertical guard plates, one ends of the side vertical guard plates, which correspond to the free ends of the guide plate, are provided with extension parts which are matched with the hole assembling working sections, and the two extension parts are parallel and opposite to each other.

Furthermore, a driving motor is connected in the outer shell; the small-diameter seeding belt wheel is synchronously and rotatably connected to the driving shaft A, the two protective belt wheels are respectively and synchronously and rotatably connected to the driving shaft B and the driving shaft C, and two ends of the driving shaft A, the driving shaft B and the driving shaft C are respectively and rotatably connected to two side walls of the outer shell; the driving shaft A is in transmission connection with the driving shaft B or the driving shaft C through the transmission mechanism, and the driving motor is in driving connection with the driving shaft A, the driving shaft B or the driving shaft C; the end part of the driving shaft A penetrates through the side wall of the shell and is in driving connection with any rubber roller through a toothed synchronous belt to form the driving source.

Furthermore, the perforating needle is composed of a plurality of sharp pricks which enclose into a circle; the outer circumference of the other rubber roller is concavely provided with a round hole or a ring groove matched with the perforating needle.

The invention also relates to a direct seeding and film covering method, which uses the film covering type precise hole direct seeding machine; in the circumferential direction of the rubber roller,

when the number of the punching needles is one, the hole distance of the rice seeds in two adjacent holes is equal to the perimeter of the rubber roller when the bed frame is used for walking hole sowing;

when the number of the punching needles is a plurality of punching needles which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, the hole distance of rice seeds in two adjacent holes is equal to the arc length of the outer circumferential surface of the rubber roller corresponding to the position between the adjacent punching needles when the base frame is used for walking hole sowing;

the walking speed of the base frame is equal to the output speed of the mulching film between the two rubber rollers.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the film covering type precision hole direct sowing machine integrates the precision hole sowing device and the film covering device, the film covering device is positioned behind the precision hole sowing device, when the base frame moves forward along with the travelling wheel, hole sowing is carried out on the precision hole sowing device, holes for the rice seeds for hole sowing to grow are punched on the output mulching film through the punching needles on one side of the film covering device, the punching distance is equal to the hole distance and corresponds to the hole distance in the front-back direction, when the mulching film covers the land, the holes can be accurately aligned with the hole sowing rice seeds, so that film covering operation after hole sowing and hole sowing is simultaneously completed, the effect of accurately covering films on the holes while sowing is achieved, the farming efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

2. The film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine is also integrated with the earth covering frame and the earth covering lifter, can ditch and take earth, automatically complete earth covering, and cover a proper amount of earth on a mulching film laid on the ground, thereby further reducing the cost and improving the efficiency.

3. The film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine is different from the traditional rigid sowing disc structural form, and adopts the small-diameter sowing belt wheel and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel with different diameters and the flexible sowing belt to form a combined hole-forming sowing mechanism, so that the curvature radius of each working period on the sowing belt can be changed, and the defects of the traditional rigid sowing disc structural form are overcome; the group cave working section which is positioned on one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel and is in an inclined straight line shape still keeps the stable performance of stably bearing the rice seeds output by the group separation mechanism, and the group separation mechanism is more convenient to convey the rice seeds to the group cave working section because the hole has a certain time length in the running process on the group cave working section and the direction of the hole is unchanged, the rice seeds have the opportunity of being filled into the hole for many times, and the design of the group separation mechanism can be more flexible;

the seeding working section is positioned on one side of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel, and the diameter of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel is smaller, so that the time for switching the hole in the seeding working section from a horizontal state to a completely downward state can be effectively shortened, correspondingly, the time for the process of pouring out and seeding rice in the hole is shorter, and the seeding hole forming property can be improved; and only one hole is arranged on the sowing working section for rice seed pouring and sowing, so that the hole forming effect of sowing is further guaranteed.

4. The film-coated precision hole direct sowing machine is matched with the hole-assembling sowing mechanism, and is also provided with the seed protecting mechanism, the hole filled with the rice seeds after hole assembling is always positioned between the two seed protecting baffles on the hole seed conveying section, so that the hole seed can be effectively protected, and the rice seeds stored in the hole holes are prevented from jumping out of the hole holes before sowing; and the seed group separating mechanism is also matched with a group hole sowing mechanism, so that the structure is simple and reliable. When necessary, the inclination angle of the working section of the hole combination can be adjusted, and the hole combination device can be better adapted to grain discharging and hole combination of different types of rice seeds by combining the adjustment of the vibration conveyer in the population separating mechanism.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine in a specific embodiment;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another angle of the film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine in the specific embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a side view (right side view) of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the casing shown in FIG. 1 with the inner structure hidden;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of portion A of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion B of FIG. 4;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the precision hole seeding apparatus in an embodiment (showing the interior, with part of the side walls of the housing hidden);

FIG. 8 is a side view (right view) of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a hole-grouping seeding mechanism in an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary view of FIG. 9 (showing the interior thereof, with one side web of one of the large diameter seed wheels hidden);

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the alternate angle of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a side view (right view) of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of a seed protection mechanism in an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a side view (right view) of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a population separating mechanism in an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a screening unit in the population separating mechanism;

wherein, the base frame 100, the traveling wheels 101,

a precision hole-seeding device 200 is provided,

the outer shell 1, the grain outlet 11,

the population separating mechanism 2, the seed box 21, the screening unit 22, the screening box body 23, the grate leakage plate 24, the guide plate 25, the tongue plate 26, the side vertical protection plate 27, the extension part 28, the vibration transmitter 29, the shock absorption pad 291,

the hole-grouping seeding mechanism 3, a driving shaft A31, an outer hexagonal shaft 32, a small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33, a large-diameter seed-storing belt wheel 34, a core shaft portion 341, a spoke plate 342, a switching hole 3421, a lower segmentation wheel 343, a middle segmentation wheel 344, an upper segmentation wheel 345, a seeding belt 35, a hole 351, a blocking edge 352, a hole-grouping working section 353, a hole-seed conveying section 354 and a seeding working section 355,

a seed protection mechanism 4, a driving shaft B41, a driving shaft C42, a seed protection belt wheel 43, a seed protection belt 44, a seed protection baffle 441, a seed protection working section 442,

a driving motor 5, a transmission mechanism 6, a singlechip 7,

the mulching film mulching device 800, a mulching film roll 801, a mulching film 802, a rubber roller 803, a punching needle 805, an earth covering frame 806, a bottom plate 807, a side vertical plate 808, an earth covering lifter 809, a conveying sleeve 810, a spiral lifting rod 811, a cutter 812, an earth passing hole 813, a mulching film guide plate 814, a cutter lifting rod 815 and a tooth-shaped synchronous belt 816.

Detailed Description

The following provides a more detailed description of embodiments of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a film-coated precision hole direct sowing machine of a specific embodiment includes a base frame 100, two sides of the base frame 100 are respectively connected with walking wheels 101, a precision hole sowing device 200 is arranged on the base frame 100 so as to perform hole sowing along with walking of the base frame 100, the precision hole sowing device 200 has a seed outlet hole 11 (see fig. 7) for guiding output of hole sowing rice seeds to land, the base frame 100 is further provided with a film coating device 800, and in a walking direction of the base frame 100, the film coating device 800 is located behind the precision hole sowing device 200 so as to complete film coating operation after hole sowing and hole sowing simultaneously; the mulching device 800 comprises a mulching film roll 801 rotatably connected to the base frame 100 and two adjacent rubber rollers 803 which are used in a matching way, the two rubber rollers 803 are positioned behind the mulching film roll 801, and a mulching film 802 (degradable film) released from the free end of the outer side of the mulching film roll 801 passes through between the two rubber rollers 803 and extends backwards; the axes of the mulching film roll 801 and the two rubber rollers 803 correspond to the width direction (transverse direction) of the base frame 100,

the outer circumferential surface of any one of the rubber rollers 803 is provided with a projection and a perforating needle 805 for perforating the mulching film 802 so as to be matched with the other rubber roller 803, so that the mulching film 802 between the two rubber rollers 803 is perforated during rolling, and when in use, in the circumferential direction of the rubber roller 803,

if the number of the punching needles 805 is one, the hole distance between two adjacent holes of rice seeds is equal to the circumference of the rubber roller 803 when the base frame 100 travels for hole sowing,

if the number of the punching needles 805 is a plurality of circumferentially and uniformly distributed punching needles, the hole distance between two adjacent holes of rice seeds is equal to the arc length of the outer circumferential surface of the rubber roller 803 corresponding to the position between the adjacent punching needles 805 when the base frame 100 travels for hole sowing;

in the transverse direction of the base frame 100, the positions of the punching needles 805 and the grain outlet holes correspond to each other front and back. It should be noted that, since the precision hole sowing device 200 is mostly used for hole sowing in rows, it can be understood that the aforementioned hole distance refers to a straight line distance between two adjacent holes of rice seeds on the same longitudinal line in the walking direction of the base frame 100; the precision hole sowing device 200 corresponding to the row hole sowing, the grain discharging holes 11 are also a plurality of rows in the transverse direction, the punching needles 805 are also arranged on the rubber roller 803 at intervals along the length direction, and each group of punching needles 805 corresponds to the plurality of grain discharging holes 11 in the transverse direction of the base frame 100 one by one in the front-back direction. The rubber roller 803 is a roller covered with a rubber layer on the surface, and is a prior art.

The film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine integrates the precision hole sowing device 200 and the film covering device 800, the film covering device 800 is located behind the precision hole sowing device 200, hole sowing is carried out on one side of the precision hole sowing device 200 while the base frame 100 moves forward along with the traveling wheel 101, holes for rice seeds for hole sowing are punched on one side of the film covering device 800 through the punching needles 805 on the output mulching films 802, the punching distance is equal to the hole distance and corresponds to the hole distance, when the mulching films 802 cover the land, the holes can be accurately aligned with the hole sowing rice seeds, therefore, film covering operation after hole sowing and hole sowing is completed simultaneously, the effect of accurately covering the holes while sowing is achieved, farming efficiency is improved, and cost is reduced.

Specifically, the free end of the mulching film 802 can be pressed on the ground through an external force, the mulching film roll 801 and the two rubber rollers 803 can be freely and rotatably connected to the base frame 100, when the base frame 100 travels, the mulching film roll 801 passively outputs the mulching film 802 along with a pulling force, and in this case, the traveling speed of the base frame 100 is naturally matched with the output speed of the mulching film 802; the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rubber rollers 803 can abut against each other through surface elasticity (the force is appropriate, so that the mulching film 802 can be pulled out and the two rubber rollers 803 can rotate along with the mulching film 802), the two rubber rollers 803 roll oppositely along with the pulling of the mulching film 802, the punching needles 805 punch holes on the mulching film 802, and the hole distance equal to the punching distance can be achieved by adjusting the hole sowing speed of the precision hole sowing device 200. Because the punching distance is equal to the hole pitch, even if the punched holes are not aligned with the hole sowing position in the initial period and have dislocation, the subsequent alignment can be realized only by pulling the mulching film 802 for adjustment, namely, the initial orientation position of the punching needle 805 is adjusted. The disadvantage of this method of use is that the mulch film 802 is subject to tension and is easily deformed.

Therefore, any one of the rubber rollers 803 can be driven and connected by the driving source on the base frame 100, the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rubber rollers 803 are mutually abutted by surface elasticity, the driving source can simultaneously drive the two rubber rollers 803 to output the mulching film 802 clamped between the two rubber rollers 803, the output speed of the mulching film 802 is equal to the linear speed of the outer circumferential surface of the rubber rollers 803 when the rubber rollers roll, correspondingly, the walking speed of the base frame 100 is required to be equal to the output speed of the mulching film 802 driven by the two rubber rollers 803, and the mulching film 802 is prevented from being pulled and damaged or stacked at the rear. Therefore, no tension is left between the mulching film 802 at the rear and the mulching film 802 between the two rubber rollers 803, and the mulching film 802 is not deformed, but the mulching film roll 801 is passively pulled out of the mulching film 802, in practice, the rotating shaft of the mulching film roll 801 can be driven by an additional motor on the base frame 100 to actively send out the mulching film 802, the speed is equal to the linear speed of the outer circumferential surface of the rubber rollers 803, considering that the diameter of the mulching film roll 801 is smaller and smaller along with the continuous output of the mulching film 802, the additional motor also needs to be a continuous speed regulating motor, and a rotation speed sensor is preferably arranged on the rubber rollers 803 so as to be adapted to control the rotation speed of the continuous speed regulating motor, so that the output of the mulching film 802 is not tensioned. In this embodiment, the driving source of the rubber roller 803 is provided with torque from a driving shaft a31 in the precision hole seeding apparatus 200 via a toothed timing belt 816, which will be described further below.

The upper surface of the base frame 100 is connected with a soil covering frame 806, and the soil covering frame 806 includes a bottom plate 807 and side vertical plates 808 extending back and forth along two sides of the bottom plate 807; the base frame 100 is further provided with a plurality of soil covering lifters 809 arranged at intervals in a transverse row, the soil covering lifters 809 are located in front of the precision hole sowing device 200, each soil covering lifter 809 comprises a vertical conveying sleeve 810, each conveying sleeve 810 is fixedly connected with the base frame 100, the upper end of each conveying sleeve 810 penetrates through the front portion of the bottom plate 807, a rotatable spiral lifting rod 811 is coaxially arranged in each conveying sleeve 810, and the lower end of each spiral lifting rod 811 extends downwards out of each conveying sleeve 810 so as to lift soil from the soil and lift and convey the soil to the bottom plate 807; the bottom plate 807 is inclined backwards and downwards, and the rear edge of the bottom plate 807 extends backwards beyond the two rubber rollers 803, so that the soil on the bottom plate 807 naturally slides backwards onto the mulching film 802 covering the ground along with the walking vibration of the base frame 100.

Thus, soil taking and covering are automatically completed, and a proper amount of soil is covered on the mulching film 802 laid on the soil, so that the cost is further reduced and the efficiency is improved. When in use, the soil covering lifter 809 advancing at the forefront can play a role in ditching soil.

Referring to fig. 6 again, a cutter 812 for cutting off the mulching film 802 is rotatably connected to the base frame 100, the cutter 812 is in a shape of a long strip, two ends of the cutter are connected to the base frame 100 through a rotating shaft, teeth for cutting off the mulching film 802 are fully distributed on one side edge of the cutter 812 facing the rear direction, a row of soil passing holes 813 arranged at intervals along the length direction of the cutter 812 penetrates through the cutter 812, and the soil passing holes 813 are located right below the rear edge of the bottom plate 807;

the base frame 100 is further connected with a mulching film guide plate 814 which is inclined backwards and downwards, the mulching film guide plate 814 is positioned below the two rubber rollers 803 and the cutter 812, and the mulching film 802 penetrates between the two rubber rollers 803 and then penetrates between the cutter 812 and the mulching film guide plate 814 and extends backwards; a cutter lifting rod 815 is movably connected to the base frame 100, and the cutter lifting rod 815 is connected with a cutter 812 in a driving manner through a linkage mechanism so as to rotate downwards by controlling the toothed side of the cutter 812 to cooperate with a mulching film guide plate 814 to cut off the mulching film 802. In this embodiment, the knife cutting lifting rod 815 is connected to the knife cutting 812 through a cable and a swing arm drive.

Therefore, the operation is convenient, one row of hill planting is completed, when the reversing is needed, the machine can be stopped, the cutter knife lifting rod 815 is pulled to enable the toothed side of the cutter knife 812 to rotate downwards, the cutter knife is matched with the mulching film guide plate 814 to cut off the mulching film 802, then the machine is moved to reverse, earth on the soil covering frame 806 is stirred to fall backwards, the free end of the mulching film 802 can be pressed through the soil hole 813, the machine is started, and the walking operation is continued.

Referring to fig. 7-12, the precision hole sowing device 200 includes an outer casing 1 and is connected to the base frame 100 through the outer casing 1, a group separating mechanism 2 is disposed in the outer casing 1, the group separating mechanism 2 is connected to a group hole sowing mechanism 3 for outputting rice seeds, and the group hole sowing mechanism 3 is used for group hole sowing and sowing of rice seeds; the hole-group sowing mechanism 3 comprises a plurality of hole-group sowing units arranged in rows at intervals, each hole-group sowing unit comprises a small-diameter sowing belt wheel 33 and a large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 which are arranged at intervals, a flexible sowing belt 35 is jointly tensioned and connected on the small-diameter sowing belt wheel 33 and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34, the sowing belt 35 has a certain thickness, a plurality of concave hole holes 351 are arranged on the outer side surface of the sowing belt 35 at intervals along the length direction of the sowing belt, the hole holes 351 are of a non-penetrating counter bore structure,

the diameter of minor diameter seeding band pulley 33 is less than major diameter stores up kind of band pulley 34, and the axis of minor diameter seeding band pulley 33 and major diameter stores up kind of band pulley 34 all is horizontal setting and is parallel to each other. The bottoms of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 are positioned on the same horizontal plane so as to ensure that the corresponding seeding belt section is in a horizontal state; the bottom of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 can be slightly lower than the bottom of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34;

the middle part of one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 far away from the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 to the seeding belt section corresponding to the top of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel form a hole-group working section 353, and the output of the seed-group separating mechanism 2 is connected with the hole-group working section 353 so as to output the rice seeds to hole holes 351 on the hole-group working section 353;

the middle part of the small-diameter sowing belt wheel 33 far from the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 to the sowing belt section corresponding to the bottom of the small-diameter sowing belt wheel is formed into a sowing working section 355, the outer shell 1 is correspondingly provided with a seed outlet hole 11 below the sowing working section 355, in the embodiment, the seed outlet hole 11 is formed by a downward pipeline, and the upper end of the pipeline is funnel-shaped so as to receive rice seeds falling from the hole 351 of the sowing working section 355.

Thus, different from the traditional rigid seeding disc structure form, a combined hole-forming seeding mechanism is formed by adopting the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 with different diameters and the flexible seeding belt 35, the curvature radius of each working period on the seeding belt 35 can be changed, and the defects of the traditional rigid seeding disc structure form are overcome; the group hole working section 353 on one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 still keeps the stable performance of stably receiving the rice seeds output by the seed group separating mechanism 2, and the seeding working section 355 on one side of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 is smaller in diameter, so that the time of switching from the horizontal state to the completely downward state of the hole 351 on the seeding working section 355 can be effectively shortened relatively, correspondingly, the rice seeds in the hole 351 are poured out, the seeding time is shorter, and the seeding cavitation performance can be improved.

When in implementation, any one of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 can be used as a driving wheel; the seeding belt 35 can adopt a tooth-shaped synchronous belt, namely the inner side surface of the seeding belt 35 is provided with tooth shapes, and the outer circumferences of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 are provided with tooth shapes matched with the tooth shapes.

Wherein, the straight line distance between the adjacent holes 351 on the seeding belt 35 is not less than one fourth of the circumference of the outer circumference of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33.

Thus, only one hole 351 which is positioned on the seeding working section 355 and used for rice seed pouring and seeding can be ensured, and the hole forming effect of seeding is further ensured.

With continued reference to fig. 10-12, the large-diameter seed storage pulley 34 includes a core portion 341 and two diametrically opposite spokes 342 fixedly connected to two ends of the core portion 341, respectively, a lower segment wheel 343, a middle segment wheel 344 and an upper segment wheel 345 with the same diameter are rotatably connected between the two spokes 342, the lower segment wheel 343, the middle segment wheel 344 and the upper segment wheel 345 are all located outside the core portion 341 and have axes parallel to the axis of the small-diameter seeding pulley 33;

the lower segmenting wheel 343 is positioned at the lower part of one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 far away from the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33, the bottom of the lower segmenting wheel 343 and the bottom of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, or the bottom of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33 is slightly lower than the bottom of the lower segmenting wheel 343;

the middle segmentation wheel 344 is positioned in the middle of one side of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 far away from the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33; the upper segmenting wheel 345 is positioned at the upper part of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34, and the top of the upper segmenting wheel 345 is higher than that of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33;

the seeding belt 35 is connected on the small-diameter seeding belt wheel 33, the lower segmentation wheel 343, the middle segmentation wheel 344 and the upper segmentation wheel 345 in a tensioning manner; the spindle part 341 and the two spokes 342 of the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 are fixed relative to the outer shell 1;

the sowing strip section in a straight section between the middle and upper

segmented wheels

344, 345 is formed as the set of hole work sections 353.

Thus, a combined type large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34 is formed, the hole combination working section 353 is further made to be an inclined straight line section, the situation that the direction of a hole in the traditional rigid seeding disc structure is changed all the time is different, the direction of the hole 351 in the hole combination working section 353 in the inclined straight line section is stable, the stability of the seed output of the seed receiving and separating mechanism 2 can be better guaranteed, the seed conveying of the seed collecting and separating mechanism 2 is more convenient because the hole 351 has a certain time length in the operation process on the hole combination working section 353 and the direction of the hole is unchanged, the seed conveying of the seed collecting and separating mechanism 2 is more convenient, the seed has the opportunity of being filled into the hole 351 for multiple times, and the design of the seed collecting and separating mechanism 2 can be more flexible; the rice seeds which are not filled into the hole 351 cannot cross the inclined hole-assembling working section 353, so that the accuracy of hole assembling is guaranteed.

In addition, the rice seeds are different in type, some are long and sharp, and some are short and round, so that the operation requirements in the hole-forming process are not consistent. In the combined type 'large-diameter seed storage belt wheel 34' in the device, as shown in fig. 10, a plurality of conversion holes 3421 are also symmetrically formed on two radial plates 342 so as to change and adjust the positions of the segment wheels, particularly the positions of the middle segment wheel 344 and the upper segment wheel 345, thereby adjusting the inclination angle of the hole-grouping working section 353 and adapting to different types of rice seeds. In practice, the small-diameter sowing belt wheel 33 serves as a driving wheel (also can be a lower segmentation wheel 343, a middle segmentation wheel 344 or an upper segmentation wheel 345) of the sowing belt 35, the sowing belt 35 can still adopt a tooth-shaped synchronous belt, and the outer circumferences of the small-diameter sowing belt wheel 33, the lower segmentation wheel 343, the middle segmentation wheel 344 and the upper segmentation wheel 345 are provided with tooth shapes matched with the tooth-shaped synchronous belt. From the mode of adjusting the inclination angle of group cave working section 353, can also select to establish mandrel portion 341 cover on outer hexagonal axle 32, outer hexagonal axle 32 both ends are connected on the both sides wall of shell body 1 through the excircle respectively for circular shape axle sleeve, outer hexagonal axle 32 does not rotate (fixed relative shell body 1) during normal use, when needing to adjust the inclination angle of group cave working section 353, can be after shutting down, outer hexagonal axle 32 is rotated to external force, also can change and adjust the angle of group cave working section 353. In this embodiment, the mandrel portions 341 of the large-diameter seed storage pulleys 34 of each group of hole sowing units are all sleeved on the outer hexagonal shaft 32.

The hole 351 is located in the middle of the outer side of the seed belt 35 in the width direction, and the blocking edges 352 extending a circle along the length direction of the seed belt 35 are respectively and vertically and upwardly protruded on the two sides of the hole 351 on the outer side of the seed belt 35.

In this way, the output rice seeds of the population separating mechanism 2 can be better ensured to fall into the hole 351 in the process of hole combination.

With continued reference to fig. 12-14, the seeding strip segment in the straight segment between the hole-group 353 and seeding 355 segments is formed as a hole-seed conveying segment 354; the seed protection mechanism 4 is further arranged in the shell body 1, the seed protection mechanism 4 comprises a plurality of seed protection units which are arranged in rows at intervals, the seed protection units correspond to the group hole sowing units one by one, each seed protection unit comprises two seed protection belt wheels 43 which are arranged at intervals, the two seed protection belt wheels 43 are jointly tensioned and connected with a flexible seed protection belt 44, and a plurality of seed protection baffles 441 are convexly arranged on the outer side surface of the seed protection belt 44 at intervals along the length direction of the seed protection belt;

the axes of the two seed protecting pulleys 43 are both horizontally arranged and are parallel to each other, the seed protecting belts 44 are positioned above the hole seed conveying section 354, the seed protecting belt sections which are close to the hole seed conveying section 354 and are in straight line sections form a seed protecting working section 442, the seed protecting working section 442 is parallel to the hole seed conveying section 354, the length of the seed protecting working section 442 is larger than that of the hole seed conveying section 354 and covers the hole seed conveying section 354, and seed protecting baffles 441 on the seed protecting working section 442 extend into the space between two side retaining edges 352 on the hole seed conveying section 354;

the linear distance between the adjacent holes 351 on the seed sowing belt 35 is the same as the linear distance between the adjacent seed protection baffles 441 on the seed protection belt 44, and the holes 351 on the seed hole conveying section 354 are positioned between the two corresponding seed protection baffles 441;

the seed protection mechanism 4 is in transmission connection with the hole-group sowing mechanism 3 through the transmission mechanism 6 and enables the linear speed of the seed protection belt 44 to be the same as that of the sowing belt 35.

Thus, the hole 351 containing the rice seeds after the hole combination is positioned between the two seed protection baffles 441 on the hole seed conveying section 354 all the time, which can be effectively protected and can avoid the rice seeds stored in the hole 351 from jumping out of the hole 351 before sowing.

In the implementation, in order to ensure the synchronism, the belt guard 44 may also adopt a tooth-shaped synchronous belt, that is, the inner side surface of the belt guard 44 has a tooth shape, and the outer circumferences of the two belt guard pulleys 43 have tooth shapes adapted to the tooth shape.

With continued reference to fig. 15 and fig. 16, the population separating mechanism 2 includes a seed box 21, the seed box 21 is fixedly connected in the outer casing 1, the bottom of the seed box 21 is connected to a screening unit 22 through a downward pipe, the screening units 22 are also a plurality of units arranged in rows at intervals and correspond to the bunch planting units one by one, the screening unit 22 includes a screening box body 23 with an open top end and a side surface, the bottom of the screening box body 23 is connected to the outer casing 1 through a vibrator 29, a shock absorbing pad 291 is arranged between the vibrator 29 and the outer casing 1, and the bottom of the seed box 21 is communicated with the upper end of the screening box body 23 through a downward pipe so that the rice seeds in the seed box 21 can be replenished into the screening box body 23; the bottom of the open side face of the screening box body 23 is connected with a guide plate 25 which extends outwards, the guide plate 25 extends downwards in an inclined mode, and the free end of the guide plate 25 is output and connected with the group cavity working section 353; the open side of screening box body 23 can dismantle and be connected with hourglass grate plate 24, evenly has the through-going grain hole of crossing so that the seed rice in the screening box body 23 falls out to guide plate 25 along with the vibration on hourglass grate plate 24.

Therefore, more rice seeds can be stored in the seed box 21, the device can be placed on the base frame 100 or an existing travelling mechanism as a whole to perform sowing operation, and the rice seeds in the seed box 21 are automatically supplemented into the screening box body 23 along with vibration in the travelling process; the screening box 23 has a separate vibrator 29 (also called a vibrator) which can control the speed of population separation by controlling and adjusting the frequency or adjusting the amplitude after selecting the frequency, and is also convenient for matching the group cavity grain-discharging speed of different kinds of rice seeds.

Wherein, a plurality of layers of grate plates (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the screening box body 23 at intervals up and down so as to layer the rice seeds in the screening box body 23, thereby improving the efficiency of falling from the grain passing holes, and a plurality of through holes are arranged on the grate plates; the guide plate 25 is of a structure gradually narrowing from the connecting end to the free end, the width of the free end of the guide plate 25 corresponds to the width of the seeding belt 35 and extends to the blocking edges 352 on two sides of the hole-assembling working section 353, the middle part of the free end of the guide plate 25 extends and is convexly provided with the tongue plate 26, and the tongue plate 26 extends to the position between the blocking edges 352 on the two sides so as to convey rice seeds into the hole 351; the two sides of the guide plate 25 are connected with upward side vertical guard plates 27, the two side vertical guard plates 27 are also in a gradually closing structure, one ends of the side vertical guard plates 27 corresponding to the free ends of the guide plate 25 are provided with upward inclined extension parts 28 adapted to the hole assembling working sections 353, and the two extension parts 28 are opposite in parallel.

Therefore, due to the fact that the surfaces of the rice seeds are rough, the friction force between the stacked rice seeds is large, the flowability is poor, and after the grate plates which are spaced up and down are arranged, the problem that only the upper layer of rice seeds fall out of the grain passing holes under the condition of stacking can be solved, and the efficiency of the rice seeds falling out of the grain passing holes is improved; the arrangement of the tapered guide plate 25 and the side vertical protection plate 27 can widen the width of the grate plate 24 and ensure the grain discharging efficiency, and the arrangement of the tongue plate 26 and the extension part 28 can further ensure that the rice seeds are filled into the hole 351 and are prevented from jumping out.

Please refer to fig. 8, fig. 10-fig. 13, wherein the driving motor 5 and the single chip microcomputer 7 are further connected in the outer shell 1, and the single chip microcomputer 7 controls and connects the driving motor 5 and each vibrator 29; in order to improve the driving and transmission efficiency, the small-diameter sowing belt wheels 33 of each group of hole sowing units are synchronously and rotatably connected to the driving shaft A31, the two seed protection belt wheels 43 of each seed protection unit are respectively and synchronously and rotatably connected to the driving shaft B41 and the driving shaft C42, and the two ends of the driving shaft A31, the driving shaft B41 and the driving shaft C42 are respectively and rotatably connected to the two side walls of the outer shell 1; the driving shaft A31 is in transmission connection with the driving shaft B41 or the driving shaft C42 through the transmission mechanism 6, and the driving motor 5 is in driving connection with the driving shaft A31, the driving shaft B41 or the driving shaft C42. In this embodiment, the driving motor 5 is connected to the driving shaft B41 through a toothed belt, and the transmission mechanism 6 is two gears engaged with each other, and respectively and synchronously rotates and sleeves the driving shaft B41 and the driving shaft a31, so as to realize the synchronous motion of the group hill-drop planter mechanism 3 and the seed protection mechanism 4. In practice, the transmission ratio, the diameter of each pulley, and other dimensions may be set as required, but are not particularly limited. The end of the driving shaft A31 penetrates through the side wall of the outer shell 1 and is in driving connection with any rubber roller 803 through a tooth-shaped synchronous belt 816 to form the driving source; if necessary, as shown in the present embodiment, the gear is combined with the toothed synchronous belt 816 to obtain the required transmission ratio, in the present embodiment, the end portions of the two rubber rollers 803 extend out of the base frame and are also transmitted through gear engagement, so that the synchronism is better, and the output and punching of the mulching film 802 are more stable.

In practice, as shown in fig. 6, the perforating needle 805 is composed of a plurality of sharp pricks which enclose a circle; a circular hole or a ring groove matched with the perforating needle 805 is concavely arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the other rubber roller 803, preferably, the circular hole is matched with the perforating needle 805 to play a punching and shearing effect; like this, the position of punching on plastic film 802 forms the position of punching of easy crevasse, still can restrain the growth that the growth vigor that probably exists is prior to the grass seed of rice seed at the position of punching, waits that the rice seed begins to grow, and after the groove, rice seed and grass seed can grow simultaneously, promote the more excellent probability of rice seed growth vigor. In this embodiment, each set of the perforating needles 805 is two in central symmetry in the circumferential direction of the rubber roller 803, and during manufacturing, a cylinder with the perforating needles 805 at two ends can be used to penetrate through the rubber roller 803 and then fixed, which is convenient for manufacturing.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Smart volume cave seed-sowing machine of tectorial membrane formula, including the bed frame, the both sides of bed frame are connected with the walking wheel respectively, are equipped with smart volume cave seeder on the bed frame so that carry out the bunch planting along with the walking of bed frame, and smart volume cave seeder has the output of grain outlet hole in order to be used for guiding the bunch planting seed of rice and falls to the ground its characterized in that: the base frame is also provided with a film covering device, and the film covering device is positioned behind the precision hole sowing device in the travelling direction of the base frame so as to complete hole sowing and film covering operation after hole sowing simultaneously; the mulching film covering device comprises a mulching film roll which is rotatably connected to the base frame and two adjacent rubber rollers which are matched with each other, the two rubber rollers are positioned behind the mulching film roll, and a mulching film discharged from the free end of the outer side of the mulching film roll penetrates between the two rubber rollers and extends backwards;

the number of the punching needles is one, the circumference of the rubber roller is equal to the hole distance of the rice seeds in two adjacent holes when the base frame is used for walking hole sowing,

or the number of the punching needles is a plurality of punching needles which are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the arc length of the outer circumferential surface of the rubber roller corresponding to the adjacent punching needles is equal to the hole distance of the rice seeds in two adjacent holes when the base frame runs to carry out hole sowing;

2. The film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: any one rubber roller is driven and connected by a driving source on the base frame, and the outer circumferences of the two rubber rollers are mutually abutted so that the output speed of the mulching film is equal to the linear speed of the outer circumference of the rubber roller when the rubber roller rolls.

3. The film-covered precision hole direct seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper surface of the base frame is connected with an earth covering frame, and the earth covering frame comprises a bottom plate and side vertical plates extending forwards and backwards along two sides of the bottom plate; the soil covering lifting device comprises a vertical conveying sleeve, the upper end of the conveying sleeve penetrates through the front part of the bottom plate, a rotatable spiral lifting rod is coaxially arranged in the conveying sleeve, and the lower end of the spiral lifting rod extends downwards out of the conveying sleeve so as to lift soil from the soil and lift and convey the soil to the bottom plate; the bottom plate is backward and downward inclined, and the rear edge of the bottom plate extends backward to exceed the two rubber rollers.

4. The film-covered precision hole direct seeding machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mulching film cutting machine is characterized in that a cutter for cutting mulching films is rotatably connected to the base frame, the cutter is in a long-strip plate shape, two ends of the cutter are connected with the base frame through a rotating shaft, one side edge of the cutter facing the rear side is fully provided with teeth for cutting the mulching films, a row of soil passing holes are formed in the cutter in a penetrating mode and are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the cutter, and the soil passing holes are located right below the rear edge of the bottom plate;

5. The film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the precision hole sowing device comprises an outer shell and is connected to a base frame through the outer shell, a group separating mechanism is arranged in the outer shell, the output of the group separating mechanism is connected with a hole sowing mechanism to output rice seeds to the group separating mechanism, and the hole sowing mechanism is used for hole sowing and sowing of the rice seeds; the hole-sowing mechanism comprises small-diameter sowing belt wheels and large-diameter seed storage belt wheels which are arranged at intervals, flexible sowing belts are jointly connected with the small-diameter sowing belt wheels and the large-diameter seed storage belt wheels in a tensioning manner, a plurality of concave hole holes are arranged on the outer side surface of the sowing belt at intervals along the length direction of the sowing belt,

the seeding belt section corresponding to the middle part of one side of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel, which is far away from the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel, to the bottom of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel is formed into a seeding working section, and the seed outlet hole is correspondingly formed in the outer shell below the seeding working section;

a driving motor is also connected in the outer shell; the small-diameter seeding belt wheel is synchronously and rotatably connected to a driving shaft A, and two ends of the driving shaft A are respectively and rotatably connected to two side walls of the outer shell; the driving motor is connected with a driving shaft A in a driving mode, and the end portion of the driving shaft A penetrates through the side wall of the outer shell and is connected with any rubber roller through a toothed synchronous belt in a driving mode to form the driving source.

6. The film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the straight line distance between the adjacent holes on the seeding belt is not less than one fourth of the circumference of the outer circumference of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel.

7. The film-covered precision hole direct seeding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the large-diameter seed storage belt wheel comprises a mandrel part and two radial plates which are respectively and fixedly connected with the two ends of the mandrel part and are opposite to each other in parallel, a lower segmentation wheel, a middle segmentation wheel and an upper segmentation wheel are rotatably connected between the two radial plates, the lower segmentation wheel, the middle segmentation wheel and the upper segmentation wheel are all positioned on the outer side of the mandrel part, and the axes of the lower segmentation wheel, the middle segmentation wheel and the upper segmentation wheel are all parallel to the axis of the small-diameter seeding belt wheel;

8. A film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that: the hole is positioned in the middle of the outer side surface of the sowing belt, and blocking edges which extend for a circle along the length direction of the sowing belt are respectively vertically and upwards convexly arranged on the two sides of the hole on the outer side surface of the sowing belt;

the axes of the two seed protection belt wheels are horizontally arranged and are parallel to each other, the seed protection belt is positioned above the hole seed conveying section, the seed protection belt section which is close to the hole seed conveying section and is in a straight line section part forms a seed protection working section, the seed protection working section is parallel to the hole seed conveying section, the length of the seed protection working section is greater than that of the hole seed conveying section and covers the hole seed conveying section, and a seed protection baffle on the seed protection working section extends into a position between two side retaining edges on the hole seed conveying section;

9. The film-covered precision hole direct sowing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the perforating needle is composed of a plurality of sharp pricks which enclose into a circle; the outer circumference of the other rubber roller is concavely provided with a round hole or a ring groove matched with the perforating needle.

10. A direct seeding film covering method is characterized in that: the method uses a film-covered precision hole direct seeder as claimed in claim 2; in the circumferential direction of the rubber roller,

when the number of the perforating needles is one, the hole distance of rice seeds in two adjacent holes is equal to the perimeter of the rubber roller when the base frame runs for hole sowing;

the walking speed of the base frame is equal to the output speed of the mulching film.